Cell OrganellesCytoplasm – matrix of the cell

Membrane system – includes endoplasmic reticulum & golgi bodies

Organelles – self-contained, membrane-bound structures such as nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts

Vesicles – membrane-bound bubbles of liquid, including vacuoles, lysosomes, secretory and transport vesicles

Cytoplasm (cytosol)• Gel-like matrix

• Mainly composed of water

• Contains proteins & other substances

• Supports cell organelles

Surrounds cytoplasm and organelles and controls entry/exit of all substances (semi-permeable)

• connects with membrane system within cell• phospholipid bilayer with proteins

Cell (plasma) membrane

Endoplasmic reticulumTube-like network from nucleus to membrane

• Smooth ER - synthesis of lipids, including steroids, and calcium storage in muscles

• Rough ER – has ribosomes for protein synthesis

• Transport of proteins etc

• Large surface area for ribosome attachment

Golgi Bodies / apparatusSeries of flattened hollow discs

Packages proteins & lipids in pinched-off vesicles:

– enzymes in lysosomes

– add carbohydrate component to glycoproteins

– mucus in goblet cells

Allows transport of materials

Vacuole• Cell sap - concentrated solution of sugars, salt and

suspended proteins

• Store –waste or – raw materials used in synthesis of proteins

• Controls turgidity (how full or limp the cell is)

• Plant cells usually have one very large vacuole, animal cells have a number of small vacuoles.

Lysosome• Small round vesicles in animal cells

• Store digestive enzymes (digest food molecules, worn-out organelles, engulfed bacteria etc)

• Membrane-bound to

prevent digestion of

cell contents

NucleusControls cell activities and contains genetic code

• Contains chromosomes – lengths of DNA

• Enclosed in nuclear envelope with pores

• Matrix is nucleoplasm

• Nucleolus makes ribosomes

MitochondriaRespiration – breaks down food releasing energy to

convert ADP to ATP• Double membrane• Folded inner membrane for increased surface area• Rod shaped• Has its own DNA

ChloroplastPhotosynthesis uses solar energy to synthesise energy rich

food molecules

• Plants & some other organisms

• Green pigment Chlorophyll

• Double membrane

• Has its own DNA

• Mainly around edge of cell

Tough, rigid outer structure for support

• Found in plants, algae & bacteria (not animals)

• Made mainly of cellulose

• Outside of cell membrane

Cell wall

Ribosomes• Tiny spherical organelles

• If attached to endoplasmic reticulum forms rough ER (RER)

• Protein synthesis (for cell use & secretion)

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Exercises

Quick Quiz

MCQ

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Key words• Cells

• Cytoplasm

• Membrane systems

– Cell membrane

– Endoplasmic reticulum

– Golgi apparatus

• Vacuoles

– plant vacuole

– lysosomes

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

• Centrioles

• Chloroplast

• Cell wall

• Ribosomes

• Proteins

• Lipids

• Synthesis

• Packaging

• Control

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Quick quizName the organelles with the

following functions:

1. Control centre of the cell

2. Stores water and solutes

3. protein synthesis

4. supports other organelles

5. encloses all cells

6. surrounds plant cells

7. protein synthesis/transport

8. lipid synthesis

9. packages lipids and proteins

10. cellular respiration

11. photosynthesis

12. stores water and other substances

13. spindle formation

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Answers

Quick quiz1. Control centre of the cell Nucleus2. Stores water and solutes Vacuole3. protein synthesis Ribosomes4. supports other organelles Cytoplasm5. encloses all cells cell membrane6. surrounds plant cells cell wall7. protein synthesis/transport Rough ER8. lipid synthesis Smooth ER9. packages lipids and proteins Golgi apparatus10. cellular respiration Mitochondria11. photosynthesis Chloroplast12. stores water and other substances Vacuole13. spindle formation Centrioles

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Videos• http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/tdc02_vid_organelles/

• http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/6009-understanding-cells-the-organelles-video.htm (gen)

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Clickview• The cell: How it works (22 min)http://www.clickview.com.au/LinkStart/?videoid=2859

ExerciseWorkbook pp 53-57, pp60-61 qq 1-5

Pathfinder pp34-7 (or 38-40), qq1-4

Booklet pp4-8

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READINGExcellence in Biology 117-124

Question 1

Which of these structures controls cell division?

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleus

• Cell membrane

• Cell wall

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Question 2Which of these describes the plant vacuole contents?

• A semi-liquid living material

• A specialized region of cytoplasm

• A region containing chloroplasts

• A solution of salts and sugars

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Question 3Structure which controls the entry or exit of substances

• the nucleus

• The cell wall

• The cell membrane

• The cytoplasm

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Question 4

Which one of these statements is correct?

• Plant cells do not have cell walls

• Plant cells have no vacuoles

• Plant cells have nuclei

• Animal cells have chloroplasts

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Question 5Which of the following is a function of smooth endoplasmic

reticulum?

• lipid synthesis

• ATP production

• protein packaging

• cell control

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Question 6Which one of the following is a function of the Golgi body?

• protein synthesis

• phagocytosis

• respiration

• processing and packaging cellular products

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Question 7

Where in the cell are steroids produced?

• nucleus

• smooth endoplasmic reticulum

• rough endoplasmic reticulum

• centrioles

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Question 8

If a cell doubles in volume, its surface area...?

• increases 8x

• doubles

• increases 4x

• almost doubles

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Question 9Which of these statements is true regarding prokaryotes?

• they have a nucleus, but no DNA

• they have membrane-bound organelles

• their chromosomes are loops

• they lack ribosomes

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Question 10Which one of the following is not directly involved with

synthesis or secretion?

• lysosome

• Golgi bodies

• rough endoplasmic reticulum

• ribosomes

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Question 11A cell with enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane and

mitochondria could be....

• an animal cell but not a plant

• a plant or animal cell

• a bacterium

• any living cell

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Question 12Which of the following has a double membrane?

• vacuole

• golgi body

• lysosome

• chloroplast

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Question 13

Lysosomes are complex vesicles produced by....

• the nucleus

• chloroplasts

• endoplasmic reticulum

• Golgi apparatus

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Question 14Large numbers of ribosomes would be found in cells producing

...?

• steroids

• starch

• proteins

• lipids

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Question 15Which of the following would be found in an animal cell, but

not a bacterium?

• endoplasmic reticulum

• cell wall

• DNA

• plasma membrane

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Answer

Incorrect

21

X

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Answer

Correct

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CentrioleResponsible for spindle formation during mitosis. • rod-like structures• found in most animal cells

Great Wall of China protects the Chinese

The cell wall is tough and firm and protects the plant cell

Cell wall

Which part of a plant cell does this job?

An arena fence controls what gets in and out

The cell membrane surrounds the cell and keeps the cell together.

Controls what goes in & out of the cell

Which part of a cell does this job?

Cell membrane

The sponge of a fruit cake keeps the fruit in place

The cytoplasm of a cell keeps the organelles in place

Gel-like, composed mainly of water

Which part of a cell does this job?

cytoplasm

A thermos stores food and liquids.

Which part of a cell does this job?

Vacuole stores food & water

Large and irregular

Filled with cell sap (water with sugar and salts etc)

vacuole

A boss controls the functions of the office

Which part of a cell does this job?

The nucleus of a cell tells the rest of the organelles how to function

Contains all the cell’s DNA

nucleus

A power plant gives energy to a city

Which part of a cell does this job?

The mitochondria is the energy factory of the cell

Breaks down food to make ATP – tiny energy-filled packages

mitochondria

The cattle farmer produces proteins for meat eaters

Which part of a cell does this job?

Ribosomes make proteins

Often attached to endoplasmic reticulum.

ribosomes

A gift-wrap store processes and wraps gifts

Which part of a cell does this job?

The golgi body packages proteins and fats

Golgi body

A chef makes high energy food. Which part of a cell does this job?

Chloroplasts make food for the cell

Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis

chloroplast

The insinkerator breaks down waste

Which part of a cell does this job?

Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest damaged cell organelles and other unwanted cell content

lysosomes

The underground forms a network of tunnels for transport.

Which part of a cell does this job?

Endoplasmic reticulum is involved with making and transporting proteins.

Endoplasmic reticulum