Cell Organelles

COMMON CELL TRAITS

A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

COMPARING CELLS

The size & shape of a cell relates to its function. (job it does)

PROKARYOTIC CELLS(proh KAYR ee yah tihk)

cells without a nucleus

EX: bacteria

pond scum

EUKARYOTIC CELLS(yew KAYR ee yah tihk)

cells with a nucleus

EX: animals, plants, fungi and protists

ORGANELLES

Organelle = “little organ”

An organelle is a membrane-bound structure that carries out specific activities for the cell.

Found only inside eukaryotic cells

CELL WALL(Plant Cell Only)

Protects and supports

Gives shape

Stiff covering located outside of the cell membrane

Allows materials to pass through

A cell wall is found in plants, algae, fungi, & most bacteria cells.

CELL MEMBRANE

Outer covering, protective layer around ALL cells.

For cells with cell walls, the cell membrane is inside the cell wall.

Allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell & waste products out of the cell.

CYTOPLASM

Not an organelle

Cyto=cell

Translucent, grayish, jellylike

All organelles reside (live and float around in) the cytoplasm

Gelatin-like inside cell membrane

Constantly flows

Made mostly of water

NUCLEUS Directs all cell activities

Contains instructions for everything the cell does

These instructions are found on a hereditary material called DNA

Usually the largest organelle

Easiest organelle to see under a microscope

CHLOROPLAST(Plant Cell Only)

Contains chlorophyll

Makes plants green

Uses light energy to make ATP & sugars

Photosynthesis takes place here

CHLOROPHYLL

A green chemical that gives leaves & stems their color

Captures sunlight energy that is used to produce food called glucose

Glucose is a type of sugar

MITOCHONDRIA

Organelles that release energy from food

This energy is released by breaking down food into carbon dioxide

A.k.a. the powerhouse b/c they release energy from food

RIBOSOMES

Make proteins

Float freely or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Ribosomes are made in the nucleus

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

A.k.a. “ER”

A series of folded membranes that move materials (proteins) around in a cell

Like a conveyor belt

Smooth ER – ribosomes not attached to ER

Rough ER – ribosomes attached to ER

GOLGI COMPLEX

Stack of flat, pancake-shaped discs

Modify, sort, package, and store carbohydrates and proteins until they are needed.

Makes lysosomes

LYSOSOMES

Breaks down materials for digestion

Contains special enzymes for digestion in the cell

Garbage disposal of the cell

VACUOLE

Most plant cells have one large one

Filled w/ fluid

Temporary storage spaces

Stores food, water, waste

Plant and Animal Cells both have:

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Cytoplasm with organelles

Plant and Animal Cell Differences

PLANT CELL Has a cell wall which is

thicker and tougher than a cell membrane.

Contains chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll and allows the plant to make its own food.

ANIMAL CELL Does not contain a

cell wall.

Does not contain chloroplasts.

1- Nucleus

2- Chromosomes

3- Mitochondria

4- Ribosomes

5- Chloroplasts

6- Vacuoles 7- ER 8- Cell Membrane

Technology Project Review

Quick Review Which organelle is the control center of the cell?

Nucleus

Which organelle holds the cell together?Cell membrane

Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts

Which organelle helps plant cells make food?Chloroplasts

What does E.R. stand for?Endoplasmic reticulum

NAME THE ORGANELLE

d. ____________b. ___________

c. ___________a. _________

NAME THE ORGANELLE

d. Mitochondriab. Chloroplast

c. Golgi body a. Nucleus