3.2 Cell Organelles

Topic: Cell OrganellesObjective: Identify the functions of the major cell

organelles.

3.2 Cell Organelles

EUKARYOTES VS PROKARYOTES

--Eukaryotic (EU sounds like DO) cells have a nucleus “kary” means kernel or nucleus

--Prokaryotic cells (PRO sounds like NO) do not have a nucleus.• Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles either

3.2 Cell Organelles

Cells have an internal structure.• The cytoskeleton has many functions.

– “cyto” means cell….”– supports and shapes cell– helps position and transport organelles– provides strength

3.2 Cell Organelles

Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins.• The nucleus stores genetic information

3.2 Cell Organelles

Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins.• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) assists in transportation

through the cell• There are two types:

– rough endoplasmic reticulum

– smooth endoplasmic reticulum

3.2 Cell Organelles

Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued)• Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins

• Golgi apparatus processes, sorts, packaGes and delivers proteins

3.2 Cell Organelles

Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued)• Vesicles are membrane-bound sacs that hold materials.

3.2 Cell Organelles

Other organelles have various functions.• Mitochondria supply energy to the cell

3.2 Cell Organelles

Other organelles have various functions.• Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold and store materials

like food and water – WAY BIGGER IN PLANT CELLS!WAY BIGGER IN PLANT CELLS!

3.2 Cell Organelles

Other organelles have various functions.• Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material

3.2 Cell Organelles

Other organelles have various functions.• Centrioles are tubes

– Centrioles help divide DNA.

– Only in ANIMAL CELLS

3.2 Cell Organelles

Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.• A cell wall provides rigid support-

– Only in PLANT cells and some bacteriaOnly in PLANT cells and some bacteria

3.2 Cell Organelles

Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.• Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy

(photosynthesis). Only in PLANT cells.