Cell OrganellesCell Organelles

Cell OrganellesCell OrganellesOrganelleOrganelle= “little = “little organ”organ”Membrane-bound Membrane-bound structures that carry structures that carry out specific acivities in out specific acivities in the cellthe cellAll the stuff in All the stuff in between the between the organelles is organelles is ccytoplasmytoplasm

Cell MembraneCell MembraneBoundary of every cellBoundary of every cell

Controls passage of materials in and out of the cellControls passage of materials in and out of the cell

Made of a phosphoMade of a phospholipidlipid bibilayerlayer

NucleusNucleusControl center of the Control center of the cellcell

Contains Contains DNADNA

Surrounded by a Surrounded by a double membranedouble membrane

Usually the easiest Usually the easiest organelle to see under organelle to see under a microscopea microscope

Usually one per cellUsually one per cell

CytoskeletonCytoskeletonActs as Acts as skeletonskeleton and and muscle muscle for the cellfor the cell

Provides shape and Provides shape and structurestructure

Helps move Helps move organelles around the organelles around the cellcell

Endoplasmic Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum

A.k.a. “ER”A.k.a. “ER”Connected to nuclear Connected to nuclear membranemembraneHighway of the cellHighway of the cellRough ERRough ER: studded : studded with ribosomes; it with ribosomes; it makes proteins and makes proteins and transports materialstransports materialsSmooth ERSmooth ER: no : no ribosomes; it makes ribosomes; it makes and digests lipidsand digests lipids

RibosomeRibosomeSite of protein Site of protein synthesissynthesis

Found attached to Found attached to rough ER or floating rough ER or floating free in cytoplasmfree in cytoplasm

Produced in a part of Produced in a part of the nucleus called the the nucleus called the nucleolusnucleolus

That looks familiar…what is a That looks familiar…what is a polypeptidepolypeptide??

Golgi ApparatusGolgi ApparatusLooks like a stack of Looks like a stack of platesplates

Stores, modifies and Stores, modifies and packages proteinspackages proteins

Molecules transported Molecules transported to and from the Golgi to and from the Golgi by means of by means of vesiclesvesicles

LysosomesLysosomesGarbage disposal Garbage disposal of the cell of the cell

Contain digestive Contain digestive enzymes that enzymes that break down break down wasteswastes

Which organelles do lysosomes work with?

MitochondriaMitochondria““Powerhouse of the Powerhouse of the cell”cell”Cellular respirationCellular respiration occurs here to release occurs here to release energy for the cell to energy for the cell to use in the form of ATPuse in the form of ATPBound by a double Bound by a double membranemembraneHas its own strand of Has its own strand of DNADNA

ChloroplastChloroplastFound only in plant Found only in plant cellscells

Contains the green Contains the green pigment pigment chlorophyllchlorophyll

Site of food (Site of food (glucoseglucose) ) productionproduction

Bound by a double Bound by a double membranemembrane

Cell WallCell WallFound in Found in plantplant and and bacterialbacterial cells cells

Rigid, protective Rigid, protective barrierbarrier

Located Located outsideoutside of the of the cell membranecell membrane

Made of cellulose Made of cellulose ((fiberfiber))

Helps maintain cell Helps maintain cell shapeshape

VacuolesVacuolesLarge Large centralcentral vacuole vacuole usually in usually in plantplant cells cells

Many smaller Many smaller vacuoles in vacuoles in animalanimal cellscells

Storage container for Storage container for water, food, water, food, enzymesenzymes, , wastes, pigments, etc.wastes, pigments, etc.

What type of microscope may have been used to take this picture?

CentrioleCentrioleAids in cell divisionAids in cell division

Usually found only in Usually found only in animal cellsanimal cells

Made of microtubulesMade of microtubules

Where else have we talked about microtubules?

Quick ReviewQuick ReviewWhich organelle is the control center of the cell? Which organelle is the control center of the cell? NucleusNucleus

Which organelle holds the cell together?Which organelle holds the cell together?Cell membraneCell membrane

Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplastsCell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts

Which organelle helps plant cells make food?Which organelle helps plant cells make food?ChloroplastsChloroplasts

What does E.R. stand for?What does E.R. stand for?Endoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic reticulum