Cell OrganellesBy:

Karyn

Ferguson

CYTOPLASM

• Gel-like aqueous substances that contains all cell components

• Cytoplasm has three main functions, energy, storage, and manufacturing

CELL (PLASMA) MEMBRANE

Function:• allows exchange of

small molecules from one side of the membrane to the other and is – SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE

• Prevents outside interference

CYTOSKELETON• General: Maintaining cell

shape and size. Help with movement of organelles inside cell

• Microfilament:– Aid in cellular movement

and contraction (muscle)

• Microtubule– Assist in cell division

(centrioles)

THE NUCLEUS• The nucleus stores and

processes genetic information in the form of DNA and RNA.

• The nuclear envelope separates the nucleus from outside intrusions.

• Nuclear pores transport of information

• Nucleolus housed in nucleus and produces ribosomes

MITOCHONDRIA

• Within the cytoplasm of the cell

• The cell’s “Power House”• Site for

CELLULAR RESPIRATION and generates fuel for the cell's activities in the form of ATP

• They convert energy into forms that are usable by the cell.

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM• Pathway of membranes

or tubules around the cell – TRANSPORT SYSTEM

• Rough E.R.: synthesizes or makes proteins b/c of ribosomes – will be transported to golgi apparatus

• Smooth E.R.: manufactures steroids

RIBOSOME – The Laborer

Function:• Produces and assembles

proteins by bringing RNA and amino acids together.

- produced in nucleolus and embedded on rough E.R

GOLGI APPARATUS

• Golgi apparatus is essentially a protein “Packaging Plant”

• Manufactures, packages and transports proteins and other molecules– Works with E.R. in

altering or modifying proteins for export

Transport of Proteins

Animal Cell vs. Plant

• Generalized Animal Cell– Lysosome

• Generalize Plant Cell– Cell Wall– Vacuole – Chloroplast

LYSOSOME

• Located throughout cytoplasm

• “Suicide bags” – Contains digestive enzymes that break down or digest macromolecules, old organelles, viruses and bacteria that are unwanted by the cell

CELL WALL

• Surrounds outside of plant cells

• Composed of long strands of the polysaccharide, cellulose– Helps keep plant cells rigid

Functions: • to protect the cell

against injury and invasion from harmful materials.

• Provides cellular support

CHLOROPLAST• Flattened membranous

sac found in cytoplasm of plant cells

Chloroplast– Site for

PHOTOSYNTHESIS where plants use CO2, water and sunlight to produce energy in the form of glucose

– Contain the light-sensitive pigments, called chlorophyll a.

CENTRAL VACUOLE

• Plant: Central location of cell (most typical) 90%

• Functions in storage, digestion and releasing of waste products

• Types: – STORAGE: ions,

molecules, water