Cell Injury 1 & 2

Slide 11:Vacuolar Degeneration Kidney

• Renal tubules– Note tiny small vacuoles– Displaced nucleus to the side

• Glomerulus

Slide 30Intestine Caseation Necrosis

Casseation Necrosis - Tuberculosis - • Irreversible injury• Grossly = like cheese – soft, whitish, crumbly -

casseous cassation necrosis• Surrounded by epitheloid cells, giant cells,

necrotic area.• On X-ray report: Fibrocasseous density• Fibrotic center • After treatment: fibrocalcitic area/fibrotic area

Slide 96:Enzymatic Fat Necrosis (Pancreas)Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis necrosis• Exocrine function -- CHO, Fats, Lipid enzymes• Enzymes leak out of pancreas – lipase digests • Peripancreatic tissue gets digested produced fatty

acids, and stays in the tissue.• Sapponified fat - see shadowy outlines of the fat cells,

containing this. Whitish, opaque, crumbly.• Severe abdominal pain. • Note the following:

– Normal pancreatic tissue– Necrosis of peripancreatic fats by enzymes released from

pancreas

Slide: (no number)Lung Abscess

Abscess - plenty of neutrophils/enzymes• Irreversible• Heterolysis• Liquifies tissue• Pus formation• Note

– Lung abscess – digestion of lung tissue producing a cavity filled with neutrophils and necrotic material

– Alveoli with PMNs and edema

Fatty change, liver

• Fat accumulation inside hepatocyte as colorless vacuoles

Slide 50: CPC Lungs

• At pointer, antharcotic pigments (black)

• Large brownish cells hemosiderin-laden macrophages

Slide 95: Gout

• At pointer, uric acid deposits

• Metabolic defect – HPGRT deficiency

• Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

Atheroma, Aorta

• At pointer cholesterol clefts at T. Intima layer of blood vessel

Slide 17: Brown Atrophy, Heart

• Take note of widened interstitial spaces

• Tip of pointer lipofuscin pigment (light yellow)

Slide 87:Squamous Metaplasia Cervix

• Presumably rise in the endocervical glands

• Have mixed glandular and squamous patterns that may have arised from reserved cells in the basal layer of the endocervical epithelium

Thyroid Hyperplasia(no slide number)

• Increased size of lining epithelium

Slide 42: Villous Adenoma, colon

• Pointer portion of the stalk

Cavernous Hemangioma(slide 155)

• Most common benign lesion

• Chief clinical significance = should not be mistaken for metastatic tumors in radiological studies.

• Less common than capillary hemangioma

Slide 68: Dermoid Cyst 1

• Benign mature teratoma – ovary

Slide : Dermoid Cyst 2

• Benign mature teratoma – ovary

• Similar to the epidermal inclusion cyst, but also shows appendages such hair follicles.

Slide 67Leiomyoma, Uterus

• Benign, well differentiated tumor contains interlacing bundles of neoplastic smooth muscle cells.

• Virtually identical in appearance to the normal smooth muscle cells in the myometrium

• Whirling appearance

Slide 133: Thyroid Adenoma

• Irregularly shaped capsule

• Neoplastic cells are demarcated from parenchyma by well-defined, intact capsule.

• (page 265, figure 8-6)