Cell Discovery Unknown before the invention of the microscope – Cells too small to see with eyes...

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Cell Discovery • Unknown before the invention of the microscope – Cells too small to see with eyes • Robert Hooke – 1665 – Simple microscope to look at cork – Looked like “cells” or small rooms • Anton van Leeuwenhoek – 1685 – Designed his own microscope and looked at single celled organisms

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Transcript of Cell Discovery Unknown before the invention of the microscope – Cells too small to see with eyes...

Page 1: Cell Discovery Unknown before the invention of the microscope – Cells too small to see with eyes Robert Hooke – 1665 – Simple microscope to look at cork.

Cell Discovery

• Unknown before the invention of the microscope– Cells too small to see with eyes

• Robert Hooke– 1665– Simple microscope to look at cork– Looked like “cells” or small rooms

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek– 1685– Designed his own microscope and looked at single celled

organisms

Page 2: Cell Discovery Unknown before the invention of the microscope – Cells too small to see with eyes Robert Hooke – 1665 – Simple microscope to look at cork.

Cell TheoryA summary of experimental findings about cells

1. All living things are composed of one or more cells

2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms

3. Cells arise only from previously existing cells, with cells passing on copies of their genetic material

Page 3: Cell Discovery Unknown before the invention of the microscope – Cells too small to see with eyes Robert Hooke – 1665 – Simple microscope to look at cork.

Prokaryotic Cells

• No organelles– Cellular functions take place anywhere in cell

• No nucleus– Genetic material (DNA) is free floating in cell– DNA is circular

• Single celled • Bacteria

Page 4: Cell Discovery Unknown before the invention of the microscope – Cells too small to see with eyes Robert Hooke – 1665 – Simple microscope to look at cork.

Eukaryotic Cells

• Have organelles– Membrane bound structures– Allows cellular functions to take place in specific places

• Have nucleus– Contains genetic information– DNA is linear

• Multicellular animals or plants• Some unicellular– Yeast and algae

Page 5: Cell Discovery Unknown before the invention of the microscope – Cells too small to see with eyes Robert Hooke – 1665 – Simple microscope to look at cork.

Both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

• Have cell membranes

Page 6: Cell Discovery Unknown before the invention of the microscope – Cells too small to see with eyes Robert Hooke – 1665 – Simple microscope to look at cork.

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

1.2.3.4.

1.2.3.4.

Page 7: Cell Discovery Unknown before the invention of the microscope – Cells too small to see with eyes Robert Hooke – 1665 – Simple microscope to look at cork.

Plasma Membrane

• Separate the cell from the environment

• Selective Permeability– Allows some molecules to

pass through– Keeps some molecules in– Keeps some molecules out

Page 8: Cell Discovery Unknown before the invention of the microscope – Cells too small to see with eyes Robert Hooke – 1665 – Simple microscope to look at cork.
Page 9: Cell Discovery Unknown before the invention of the microscope – Cells too small to see with eyes Robert Hooke – 1665 – Simple microscope to look at cork.

Structure of the Plasma Membrane

• Phospholipid bilayer– Two layers of phospholipids– Water-loving “heads”– Water-hating “tails” – Water soluble substances do

not move through • Transport proteins– Move some things in or out of

the cell– Like tunnels through the

membrane

Page 10: Cell Discovery Unknown before the invention of the microscope – Cells too small to see with eyes Robert Hooke – 1665 – Simple microscope to look at cork.

What else is stuck in the plasma membrane?

• Cholesterol– Maintains fluidity

• Carbohydrates– Help identify cells

Page 11: Cell Discovery Unknown before the invention of the microscope – Cells too small to see with eyes Robert Hooke – 1665 – Simple microscope to look at cork.

Cell Organelles – All Eukaryotes

• Nucleus – Control Center• Ribosomes - Makes proteins• Endoplasmic Reticulum- Makes

proteins• Golgi Apparatus – Packages proteins• Vacuole – Stores cell materials• Mitochondria- Supplies energy to cell• Cell membrane - Flexible boundary

Page 12: Cell Discovery Unknown before the invention of the microscope – Cells too small to see with eyes Robert Hooke – 1665 – Simple microscope to look at cork.

Eukaryotic Cell Structures Found….

Only in Animal Cells

• Lysosome– Digestive enzymes

• Centriole– Plays a role in cell

division

Only in Plant Cells

• Cell Wall– Inflexible barrier

• Chloroplast– Where photosynthesis

takes place

Page 13: Cell Discovery Unknown before the invention of the microscope – Cells too small to see with eyes Robert Hooke – 1665 – Simple microscope to look at cork.
Page 14: Cell Discovery Unknown before the invention of the microscope – Cells too small to see with eyes Robert Hooke – 1665 – Simple microscope to look at cork.
Page 15: Cell Discovery Unknown before the invention of the microscope – Cells too small to see with eyes Robert Hooke – 1665 – Simple microscope to look at cork.

Cell Organelles

Cell Membrane• Phospholipid bilayer• Barrier• Selective permeability

Cytoplasm• “Insides” of the cell• Semi fluid

Page 16: Cell Discovery Unknown before the invention of the microscope – Cells too small to see with eyes Robert Hooke – 1665 – Simple microscope to look at cork.

Cell Organelles

Cytoskeleton• Supports organelles• Protein • Helps transport cell

products

Nucleus• Contains DNA• Double membrane

Page 17: Cell Discovery Unknown before the invention of the microscope – Cells too small to see with eyes Robert Hooke – 1665 – Simple microscope to look at cork.

Cell Organelles

Ribosomes• Produce protein• Made of RNA and

protein• Float free or attached to

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Endoplasmic Reticulum• Synthesizes

macromolecules• Rough – has ribosomes

attached• Smooth – no ribosomes

Page 18: Cell Discovery Unknown before the invention of the microscope – Cells too small to see with eyes Robert Hooke – 1665 – Simple microscope to look at cork.

Cell Organelles

Golgi Apparatus• Modifies proteins• Packages proteins for

transport out of cell

Mitochondria• Produces energy for the

cell • Breaks down

polysaccharides

Page 19: Cell Discovery Unknown before the invention of the microscope – Cells too small to see with eyes Robert Hooke – 1665 – Simple microscope to look at cork.

Cell Organelles

Lysosome• Digests foreign invaders• Recycles cell products

Vacuole• Storage of cell products• Storage of waste

products• Plants have a large

vacuole

Page 20: Cell Discovery Unknown before the invention of the microscope – Cells too small to see with eyes Robert Hooke – 1665 – Simple microscope to look at cork.

Cell Organelles

Chloroplast• Plants only• Site of photosynthesis• Gives plants green color

Cell Wall• Plants only• Gives plants structure• Made of cellulose


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