Cell BiologyFundamental Units of Life

11/29

The Inner Life of a Cell

• You are now shrinking to a millionth of your size!

• This is just a tiny proportion of the actual cell processes occurring in your body all the time.

The Inner Life of a Cell

• What did you see?• What surprised you?• Did anything catch

your eye?• What kind of cell

might this be: Prokaryotic/Eukaryotic?

11/29/2010In your purple books:• Look over the conceptual flow- think about why this

document might be useful in the next couple of weeks• HW: Read p 6-13 in the purple book and complete the

Cell Anatomy worksheet.• Media consent form: We might film you, get it signed

for HW!Right now:• Turn in science fair drafts• Turn in the extra credit assignment

Objectives

• Shrink down to the size of a cell• Sort cells and other things into their relative

sizes• Share your knowledge about cells• Observe cell processes at all levels of life

What is a Cell?

Prokaryotic V. Eukaryotic Cell

Eukaryotic Cell

Prokaryote, E. Coli bacterium

Unicellular Eukaryote: ProtistParamecium

Multi-cellular Eukaryote (plant)

Cells!?

• Are they alive?

• What are some characteristics of living things?

If Cells are Alive then they…

• Must be organized in some way• Maintain homeostasis (stable internal state)• Reproduce- Self Replicate• Have development• Have a metabolism• Respond to stimulus• Interact in ecosystem• Evolve

Cell Organization

Eukaryotic Cell

Cell Membrane/Cell wall Cell membrane/Cell WallDNA Floats in Cytoplasm DNA inside a NucleusNo real organelles, all functions in cytoplasm Organelles with special functions

Prokaryotic Cell (E. Coli Bacteria)

Maintain Homeostasis

Cell Reproduction

Cell Metabolism

• A Beating Heart Cell

Cell Development

Cells Respond to Stimulus

Cells interact in ecosystem

Cell Evolution

A Millionth of your Size??

• How big is a cell anyways?• Work with a partner to complete the cell

sorting activity (7 min).

Cell Size

Quiz Feedback

• 72% Class Average (out of 24 students)6. Plasma membrane without proteins and only

phosopholipids?10. Need to only read the last two sentences. Cell is

in a hypertonic environment. Where would H20 go?

11. Going down or up a gradient in active transport?12. What is a solute?13. Cell in a hypotonic solution?

Group Temperature Grams of Number of Daphnia

Salt Added After 21 Days

I 30 C 10 120

II 30 C 0 240

III 25 C 10 75

IV 25 C 0 160

What hypothesis was being tested with groups II and IV?

1. if salt reduces Daphnia survival, then saltier water will have a smaller population

2. if warmth inhibits reproduction, then higher water temperatures will lead to fewer Daphnia

3. if Daphnia digest salt, then their body size will increase

4. if dissolving salt releases heat, then more salt will cause the water temperature to increase more

An experiment was conducted to examine how water temperature and saltiness of water influence their survival. During the experiment, local water sources where the Daphna live had a temperature of 25 deg.

C.

Homework

• Read p 6-13 from “Inside the Cell” Purple Book.

• Complete the worksheet about organelles that goes along with it.

• Get the media release form signed!

Cell BiologyFundamental Units of Life

Warm up: Make a Venn diagram to compare the differences in structure in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

What structures do they have in common?

Prokaryote: Eukaryote:

Eukaryotic Cell

Cell Membrane/Cell wall Cell membrane/Cell WallDNA Floats in Cytoplasm DNA inside a NucleusNo real organelles, all functions in cytoplasm Organelles with special functions

Prokaryotic Cell (E. Coli Bacteria)

What do Cells Need to be Able to Do?

What do Cells Need to be Able to Do?

• Make/Package/Transport Proteins Nucleus, Rough E.R, Golgi Apparatus

• Reproduce- by replicating DNA Nucleus

• Break down wastes/recycle old parts Lysosome

• Make ATP (energy) Mitochondria, Chloroplasts

• Provide structure/move substances around cytoskeleton

• Regulate internal environment Cell membrane, Cell Wall

Proteins• The nucleus’s DNA is the instructions to make

proteins. Proteins are nature’s molecular machines that are responsible for virtually everything that a cell can do.

Proteins

• Many are enzymes that speed up reactions in the cell and help the cell generate movement

• Can send messages, move cargo, synthesize new molecules.

• Vital in metabolism• Proteins in the cytoskeleton help maintain

shape.• Other proteins are important in the immune

response.

Cells stained for different proteins

Inside the Eukaryotic Cell

-In each organelle, note what the role of protein is.

-What are the basic differences in plant/animal cells?

A Eukaryotic Cell Analogy- The Factory!

The Foreman,(Control Center)DNA gives

instructions for all cell functions.

#1 Assembly LineMake, Package, Stamp and Transport Products

(Proteins)

Garbage/RecyclingGet rid of waste, recycle old parts

Nuclear Reactor

Makes energy to run the whole factory

The beams, support structures,

scaffolding in the building

Only certain items enter and exit the factory through its

doors.

The Assembly Line of the CellIt’s all about proteins!

A. Instructions to make proteins (DNA->RNA)

B. Where the proteins get made (on ribosomes) and packaged.

C. Where the package gets stamped with a destination

AB

C

Protein Assembly Line: Step 11. Nucleus: Read the DNA instructions to

make RNA. Ship RNA to endoplasmic reticulum.

Protein Assembly Line: Step 2

2. Rough E.R.: On ribosomes, translate the RNA into protein, and put the protein into a package “vesicle”

Protein Assembly Line Step 3: Golgi Apparatus

3. Golgi Apparatus: The packages (vesicles) are “stamped” and bud off of the golgi to go to their final destination.

http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/cellstructures/endomembrane%20protein%20synthesis.swf

Homework

• Write a summary about how the nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus work together to manufacture, package and transport proteins in the cell.

• Continue working on science fair projects (final papers due Dec. 6th). The science fair is 12/10.

Cell BiologyFundamental Units of Life

Wed, Dec 1, 2010

• Objectives:– In a group, write an analogy for the cell and its

organelles– Describe how disease at the cellular level can also

be observed at the organism level.– Act in and observe the “One Fine Moment in the

Life of a Cell” Play, and answer the analysis questions.

Homework

• Complete questions at end of Audience Guide• Study for the Quiz Tomorrow!• Need to know all of the organelles, difference

between prokaryotes and eukaryotes as well as between plant and animal cells.

• COMPLETED SCIENCE FAIR ESSAYS DUE NEXT MONDAY. IN CLASS PRESENTATIONS NEXT WED.

A Eukaryotic Cell Analogy- The Factory!

The Foreman,(Control Center)DNA gives

instructions for all cell functions.

#1 Assembly LineMake, Package, Stamp and Transport Products

(Proteins)

Garbage/RecyclingGet rid of waste, recycle old parts

Nuclear Reactor

Makes energy to run the whole factory

The beams, support structures,

scaffolding in the building

Only certain items enter and exit the factory through its

doors.

A Eukaryotic Cell Analogy- The Factory!

The Foreman,(Control Center)

Garbage/RecyclingGet rid of waste, recycle old parts

Warm- Up (7 min)With a partner, create your own analogy for the plant or animal cell.

Mitchondria, ChloroplastLysosomeEndoplasmic ReticulumGolgi ApparatusNucleusCell Membrane Cell WallRibosomeCytoskeletonVacuole

Cytoskeleton: 2 Roles

Breast Cancer and Alzheimer’s Disease

• Let’s look at how two diseases can be observed on the cellular and organism level…

• Note what the main cause of these diseases seems to be

Living with Alzheimer’s

• http://www.5min.com/Video/How-an-Elderly-Couple-Lives-with-Alzheimers-Disease-287351391

• What is Alzheimer’s?• Do you know anyone with Alzheimer’s?• How is this disease difficult for families?

Alzheimer’s Disease

• Alzheimer's is the most common form of dementia.

• Not a normal part of old age, but being older is a risk factor.

• 5.3 Million People have Alzheimer’s

• 7th leading cause of death, and rising.

Protein Tangles and plaques build up and prevent the organelles in the brain cells from functioning properly- this eventually kills off the cell.

Breast CancerTissue with a tumor

Normal Tumor

Breast Cancer Cells

Breast Cancer

• About 1 in 8 women in the United States (between 12 and 13%) will develop invasive breast cancer over the course of her lifetime.

• Less than 1% of all new breast cancer cases occur in men.

• About 39,840 women in the U.S. are expected to die in 2010 from breast cancer.

The Cause

• Breast cancer is an uncontrolled division of breast cells.

• The uncontrolled growth of cells happens when a gene that controls the normal division of cells malfunctions and makes a specific protein called “breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein”

One Fine Moment in the Life of a Cell

• Need 7 volunteers to play different organelles in the animal cell

• While watching, take notes on the “Audience Guide.”

• Answer the questions at the end.

http://www.dnatube.com/video/551/The-Inner-Life-Of-A-Cell-HQ