Cecum Is blind end pouch Location :-in the right iliac fossabelow the level of junction with...
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Transcript of Cecum Is blind end pouch Location :-in the right iliac fossabelow the level of junction with...
Cecum •Is blind end pouch •Location :-in the right iliac fossa…below the
level of junction with ileum.•Length:-6cm.•Cecum is intraperitoneal part..coz it is covered
completely with peritoneum.**what are the peritoneal folds in cecum?1)sup.ileocecal fold.2)inf.ileocecal fold.3)Retrocecal fold.
No mesentry is present
Taienia colli:-three flat bands of longitudinalmuscles that are
restricted.•Note:- the taenia colli convergeon the appendix
& provide for its complete muscular coat.•Note :- cecum often is distended with gas ..can
be papated in ant.abdominal wall.
•Note:-there are two lips in the large intestine that called ileocecal valve.
Relations-:
•Note:-always ant..relation has coils of small intestine.
•1)ant:-coils of small intestine…grater omentum..ant.abdominal wall in right iliac fossa.
•Post:-psoas &iliacus musclethe femoral nerve..lat.cutaneous nerve of thigh.the appendix behind the cecum.
•Medially:-appendix.
Blood supply •Ant & post cecal branches form ileocolic
artery branch from sup.mesenteric artery.
•Veins :-drain in sup mesenteric vein.
•Lymph nodes :-drain in sup.mesenteric lymph nodes.
•Nerve-: السابقات نفس
Ileocecal valve •A rudimentary structure.
•Components:-two horizontal folds of mucous membrane around the orifice of ileum.
•Function:-has a little role or no rple in prevention the reflux of cecum in ileum.
•**gastrin :- is responsible for contraction of muscle tone.
Appendix-:•Is a muscular tube
•Contents :-large amount of lymphoid tissue.•Length:-8-13cm.
•Location :--posteriomedial to cecum .about 2.5cm below the ileocecal junction..in right iliac fossa.
•Note :- it is a complete peritoneal covering.
•Imp:-mesoappendix:- is a short mesentry of appendix by which the appendix attached to
lower layer of mesentry of small intestine .•Fnction:-contains appendicular vessels &
nerves.
Mesoappendix is in the
beginning of
appendix
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Blood supply-:
•Appendicular artery …branch from post.cecal artery..
•Note :-mesoappendix is continuous with the mesentry around the ileum.
•Note :- the fibers responsible for pain in the appendix are from sympathetic …at tenth thoracic segment.
Notes:-imp •The most fixed part of appendix is the
base of it…that is Mcburney’s point. •The line joining the ASIS&umbilicus.•The base lies one third up the line…in
relation to ant.abdominal wall.•The mesoappendix is a mesentry …that
suspend the appendix. •The meso appendix is double layer of
peritoneum.
Ascending colon•Length :-13 cm
•Location :-extends from ccecum to left side to lower part of liver to the right colic flexure to form the transverse colon.in the right loer quadrant.Note :- it is connected to post.abdominal wall.Relation -:
Ant:-the ant.abdominal wall ,greater omentum &coils of small intestine.Post:-the iliacus ,the iliac crest,quadratus lumborum,transversus abdominis,iliohypogastric & ilioinguinal,lower pole of right kidney.
•Blood supply:-right colic artery from sup.mesenteric artery & ileocolic artery.
•Veins :-drain in sup.mesenteric vein.
Descending colon-:
•Length:-25cm.•Location:-in the left upper
&lower quadrant..extends from left colic flexure to pelvic brim
•Note :- it is continuous with sigmoid colon …& CONNECTED TO
POST ABDOMINAL WALL BY PERITONEUM.
•Note :- the ascending & descending colon are retroperitoneal.
•Relation-: •Ant:- same
•Post:lat.border of left kidney,left psoas ,iliac crest,iliacus,quadratus lumborum,ilioinguinal nerve,iliohypogastric nerve,femoral nerve & lat.cutaneus nerve of thigh.
•Blood supply:-left colic artery & sigmoid branch from inf.mesenteric artery
•Veins :- drain in inf.mesenteric vein.•Note :- the left colic flexure is suspended
by phrenicocolic flexure …it is higher than the right.
Transverse colon•Is the longest part of the colon.
Length :-38cmLocation :- occupies the umbilical region.Relation-:
Ant:-ant.abdominal wall (umbilical & hypogastric region)…greater omentumPost:-the second part of duodenum ….pancreas..coils of jejunum & ileum Note :- it is suspended by transverse mesocolon from pancreas
•Blood supply :- 1)proximal 2\3 from sup mesenteric vein by middle colic artery.
• &distalm 1\3 from inf.mesenteric artery.
•Veins:- in sup.mesenteric & inf.mesenteric veins.
•Lymph :-colic nodes…sup.mesenteric lymph nodes..inf mesenteric lymph nodes.
Notes-:
•Transverse mesocolon:- attachment-:•Sup border of transverse colon •Ant.border of pancreas•Post part of greater omentum.
الله • شاء ان تمام