Ccna presentation training

8/6/2019 Ccna presentation training

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CCNA

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CISCO CERTIFIED NETWORK ASSOCIATE


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Network Interface Card

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A network interface card (NIC) is a printed circuitboard that provides network communicationcapabilities to and from a personal computer. Also

called a LAN adapter.


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Repeater

A repeater is a network device used to regenerate asignal.Repeaters regenerate analog or digital signals distorted

by transmission loss due to attenuation. A repeater doesnot perform intelligent routing.


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Hub

Hubs concentrateconnections. In other words,they take a group of hosts

and allow the network tosee them as a single unit.

This is done passively,without any other effect on

the data transmission.

Active hubs not onlyconcentrate hosts, but theyalso regenerate signals.


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Bridge

Bridges convert network transmission data formats as wellas perform basic data transmission management.Bridges, as the name implies, provide connectionsbetween LANs. Not only do bridges connect LANs, but

they also perform a check on the data to determinewhether it should cross the bridge or not. This makes eachpart of the network more efficient.


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Network and Host Addressing

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Using the IP address of the

destination network, a router can

deliver a packet to the correct

network.

When the packet arrives at a

router connected to the

destination network, the router

uses the IP address to locate theparticular computer connected to

that network.

Accordingly, every IP address has

two parts.


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Internet Addresses8

IP Addressing is a hierarchical structure.An IP address combines twoidentifiers into one number. This number must be a unique number,

because duplicate addresses would make routing impossible.The

first part identifies the system's network address.The second part,

called the host part, identifies which particular machine it is on the

network.


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Introduction to Routers

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A router is a special type of computer. It has the same basic components as a

standard desktop PC. However, routers are designed to perform some very

specific functions. Just as computers need operating systems to run software

applications, routers need the Internetwork Operating System software (IOS)

to run configuration files. These configuration files contain the instructions and

parameters that control the flow of traffic in and out of the routers. The many

parts of a router are shown below:


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IOS File System Overview

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RAM11

Random Access Memory, also called dynamic RAM

(DRAM)

RAM has the following characteristics and functions:

Stores routing tables

Holds ARP cache

Holds fast-switching cache

Performs packet buffering (shared RAM)

Maintains packet-hold queues Provides temporary memory for the configuration

file of the router while the router is powered on

Loses content when router is powered down or

restarted


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NVRAM

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Non-Volatile RAM

NVRAM has the following characteristics andfunctions:

Provides storage for the startup

configuration file Retains content when router is powered

down or restarted


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Flash13

Flash memory has the following characteristics and

functions:

Holds the operating system image (IOS)

Allows software to be updated without

removing and replacing chips on the processor

Retains content when router is powered down

or restarted

Can store multiple versions of IOS software

Is a type of electronically erasable, programmable

ROM (EEP

ROM)


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Overview of Router Modes

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Configuring InterfacesAn interface needs an IP Address and a Subnet Mask to be configured.

All interfaces are shutdown by default.

The DCE end of a serial interface needs a clock rate.

Router#config terminal

Router(config)#interface serial0

Router(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0

Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#int e0

Router(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0

Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#exitRouter#

s = serial e = Ethernet


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Introducing Routing16

Routing is the process that a router uses to forward packetstoward the destination network. A router makes decisions

based upon the destination IP address of a packet. All devices

along the way use the destination IP address to point the

packet in the correct direction so that the packet eventuallyarrives at its destination. In order to make the correct

decisions, routers must learn the direction to remote networks.


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Rou

ting Protocols

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RIP Characteristics

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200.14.13.0/24200.14.13.0/24

130.24.13.0/24130.24.13.0/24

Router A

Port 2

200.14.13.2/24

Port 2

200.14.13.2/24

Port 1

130.24.13.1/24

Port 1

130.24.13.1/24

130.24.36.0/24130.24.36.0/24

RIP-1: 130.24.36.0 RIP-1: 130.24.36.0

RIP-1: 130.24.0.0

130.24.25.0/24130.24.25.0/24

RIP-1 permits only a Single Subnet Mask

Fig. 60 RIP-1 permits only a single subnet mask (TI1332EU02TI_0004 The Network Layer, 83)


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Configuring RIP Example


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