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Main Page- Geography

Main Page- Geography

• Mountainous land• Almost completely surrounded by Mediterranean Sea- peninsula• Mild winters and long, hot, dry summers

Main Page

Ancient Greeks were seafarers, sailors and fishermen- diet included fish and vegetables

In some places- could grow wheat, olives, barley and grapes

Traded with other countries around the Mediterranean

Main Page- gods and goddesses What is Greek Mythology? The people of ancient Greece shared

stories called myths about the gods, goddesses, and heroes in which they believed.

Each god or goddess was worshipped as a deity and ruled over certain areas of the Greeks’ lives.

Main Page- gods and goddesses

Main Page- gods and goddesses

Zeus- Leader of the Olympian gods, lord of the sky, rain and lightning.

His weapon is a thunderbolt which he hurls at those who displease him.

Main Page- gods and goddesses

Brothers and sisters of ZeusPoseidon- God of the sea. His weapon is a trident, which can shake the earth, and shatter any object.

Hades- God of the underworld, ruling over the dead. He is also the god of wealth, due to the precious metals mined from the earth. Hades has a helmet that makes him invisible.

Main Page- gods and goddessesBrothers and sisters of ZeusHera- goddess of marriage and mothers. Married to Zeus. Queen of all gods.

Hestia- goddess of the home and hearth.

Main Page- gods and goddessesOther godsArtemis - goddess of the hunt and of the moon. She was Apollo’s twin sister.

Apollo- god of light.

Main Page- gods and goddessesOther godsHermes – messenger of the gods. God of the market. Zeus’ youngest son.

Aphrodite- goddess of love and beauty

Main Page- gods and goddessesOther godsAthena - goddess of wisdom; protector of cities. Her symbol is the owl.

Ares- god of war. His symbol is the spear.

Main Page Architecture Buildings were first wood and then marble

and used large columns.

Doric Ionic CorinthianColumn Column Column

Main Page ArchitectureDoric Architecture

The Doric style is rather sturdy and its top (the capital), is plain. The columns are fluted.

Main Page ArchitectureIonic Architecture

The Ionic style is thinner and more elegant.

The capital is decorated with a scroll-like design.

Main Page ArchitectureCorinthian Architecture

The Corinthian style is seldom used in the Greek world, but often seen on Roman temples.The capital is very elaborate and decorated with acanthus leaves.

Main Page City-state- known as a polis or small

country Acropolis- (acro-height)

A fortified area at the top of a hillProtection in case of an attackTemples constructed to honor gods and

goddesses

Main Page Parthenon Built by Pericles in 446 B.C. Has Doric columns Built to honor goddess, Athena

Main Page Citizens-

People who ran each city-state

Treated each other as equals

Had equal rights and responsibilities

Main Page Citizenship-

Greeks started this idea Included free and native-born men

who owned land Women and children were citizens,

but had not rights

Main Page Video on Democracy

Influences on Greek culture

Polytheism Agriculture Many wars Fate

GREEK THEATRE

HOW THEATRE BEGAN 6th Century BC to

2nd Century AD Rituals honoring

Dionysus Drama Competitions

THEATRES Amphitheatres Carved into

hillsides for excellent acoustics and sight lines

Seated up to 15,000 people

Theater at Delphi

Theater of Dionysus

THEATRES Theater at Epidauros

Parts of a Greek theater

The Skene The skene provided

the scenery. Actors made

entrances and exits. Actors could change

costumes and masks behind the skene.

The Actors Only one to three actors in a play Had to put on different masks in order to play more roles. Actors were all men. Masks were necessary to let them play the female roles.

MASKS Illustrated a

character’s emotion Allowed for quick

character changes Distinguished

female characters Made the actors

appear larger Amplified the actors’

voices

Masks

Mask worn in Mask worn ina tragedy worn in a

comedy

The ChorusThe chorus would stand to the side of the dramatic

action and chant their lines together.

To explain the current situation To bring the audience up to date To comment on the action To engage in dialogue with the actors and offer

them advice

Function of the Chorus

Religious myths Stories of mortals interacting with

gods and goddesses Stories about kings and queens Stories about battles

The Plays

Parts of a Play

Begins with a prologue- a simple speech Entrance of the chorus Finally, the major acts or scenes of the

play

Plays and PlaywrightsThere were two major

types of plays1. Comedies- funny topics2. Tragedies- sad and serious topics

Video about Greek Theatre

Acoustics in ancient Greek theaters

Greek Theater http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/festivals/

explore/exp_set.html

Greek Theater Tragedies- Aeschylus and Sophocles only

Sports Section The ancient Greek

Olympics were part of a religious festival to honor

Zeus, the father of the Greek gods and goddesses.

The games were held in a country site called Olympia.

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

The athletes were all male citizens of the city-states from every corner of the

Greek world.

The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BC, when Koroibos, a cook from the nearby city of Elis, won the stadion race, a foot race 600 feet long.

The stadion track at Olympia is shown here. Some people believe that this was the only athletic event of the games for the first 13 Olympic festivals or until 724 BC.

Rules In wrestling:

no biting No eye gouging Breaking opponents limbs was legal

In boxing Both men played

until one gave up or died

Only first place winners were honored with a laurel wreath placed on

their heads

Sports Section

BBC Greek Olympics web site

Sports Section

City-states competing in ancient Olympics

SpartaAthensCorinthArgos Megara

Sports Section

Video on Greek Olympics

Pericles

Video about Pericles