Catalyst #17 Pg. 87 - Take out Flashcards
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Catalyst #17 Pg. 87-Take out Flashcards1. Go to the class websiteOpen and do the Catalyst:Anatomy: Lesson 85- Catalyst #17-4/3-4/4ANDANATOMY: LESSON 83- Drugs on the Brain PPT-4/3-4/4ANDAnatomy: Lesson 85- Drugs Graphic Organizer-4/3-4/4ANDAnatomy: Lesson 85- Brain Dissection Pre Lab-4/3-4/4
Semester 2 Table of Contents24. Lesson 82- Action Potential Simulation Pg. 79-8025. Lesson 83- Synaptic Transmission Pg. 81-8426. Lesson 84- Drugs Intro Pg. 85-8627. Lesson 85- Drugs (2) Pg. 87-90Assigned Vocabulary- Due TODAY 42. Synapse43. Synaptic cleft44. Pre synaptic neuron45. Post synaptic neuron46. Synaptic VesicleAssigned Vocabulary-
Due Next Th/Fri47. Agonist48. Antagonist 49. Stimulant50. Depressant
Fight-Or-Flight:
Rest-and-Digest:
(1) Presynaptic neuron
(2) Postsynaptic neuron
(3) neurotransmitter
Announcements
• Brain Dissection: 4/7-4/8– Pre lab needs to be completed in order to be part of
the dissection– You will be assigned to groups of 4– Dissection= 1 test grade (you cannot make this
up)• Nervous System Test: 4/11-4/12
– 1 test grade• Notebook Check Date Change AND Grade Change:
– Wednesday 4/10– Count as 2 grades for March AND April
• TOTAL: 4 grades
Let’s Explore (20-30 min)-Pg.90
• https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/introb.html#dr
• Directions:– Click on 5 drugs– Read the entire page– Fill out your graphic organizer
Explain the different categories of drugs and their mechanisms of action.
Get Ready for Notes Pg. 88-89Title: Drugs on the Brain
What is a drug?• Any substance that produces a change in the structure or function of your body
• A psychoactive drug produces a change in the structure of your function of your brain
drugs
Psychoactive drugs
Stimulant
Depressant
Opiate
hallucinogen
Categories of psychoactive drugs
1 stimulant 2 depressant
3 opiate 4 hallucinogen
Sympathetic Nervous System
1. stimulant• Speeds up body processes by
acting on the sympathetic nervous system (sympathetomimetics);“upper”
•Based on the above, what symptoms would you predict?
caffeine
cocaine
amphetamines
nicotine
1. stimulant• Speeds up body processes by
acting on the sympathetic nervous system (sympathetomimetics);“upper”
• Symptoms• Abnormal cheerfulness or
talkativeness• Frequent urination• Loss of appetite• Difficulty sleeping• Increased heart rate & breathing• Anxiety
caffeine
cocaine
amphetamines
nicotine
2. depressants
2. depressant• Slows down body processes by acting on parasympathetic nervous system (“downers”)
• Symptoms• slows down breathing and heart rate
• slows down reflexes• disrupts coordination• Impairs judgment• lack of concentration
barbiturates
tranquilizers
alcohol
Stop & Think
Compare and contrast stimulants versus depressants
3. opiate• Endorphins make you happy• Opiates are agonists for
endorphins, and are used a painkillers
heroin
morphine
Methadone
codeine
3. opiate• Symptoms
• Produce a sense of euphoria and well-being, blocking out pain and problems
• Drowsiness• Lack of attention• Loss of appetite
• Extremely addictive• Your body: “You don’t need
me to make endorphins anymore, right?”
heroine
morphine
Methadone
codeine
4. hallucinogens• “psychedelics”• Changes your perceptions of things: sensory hallucinations, loss of identify, vivid fantasies
• Persistent: reverse tolerance• Disassociatives: A type of hallucinogen that blocks signals to the conscious mind from the rest of the brain
LSD
mushrooms
Peyote
PCP
5. uncategorized
• Some drugs are complex and have characteristics of multiple categories
• Examples of these drugs include marijuana and ecstasy
Agonist vs. Antagonist: Return of the Synapse
presynaptic neuron(axon terminal)
postsynaptic neuron(dendrite)
synaptic cleft
synaptic vesicle
neurotransmitter
neurotransmitter receptor
Action Potential Arrives
presynaptic neuron(axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron
(dendrite)
synaptic cleft
synaptic vesicle
neurotransmitter
neurotransmitter receptor
Synaptic Vesicle merges membrane
presynaptic neuron(axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron
(dendrite)
synaptic cleft
synaptic vesicleneurotransmitter receptor
Neurotransmitters released into synaptic cleft
presynaptic neuron(axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron
(dendrite)
synaptic cleft
synaptic vesicleneurotransmitter receptor
Neurotransmitters released into synaptic cleft (diffusion)
presynaptic neuron(axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron
(dendrite)
synaptic cleft
synaptic vesicleneurotransmitter receptor
Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the post synaptic neuron
presynaptic neuron(axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron
(dendrite)
synaptic cleft
synaptic vesicleneurotransmitter receptor
This binding causes an excitation or an inhibition
presynaptic neuron(axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron
(dendrite)
synaptic cleft
synaptic vesicleneurotransmitter receptor
Excitationmore action potentials
Neurotransmitter reuptake (“recycling”)
presynaptic neuron(axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron
(dendrite)
synaptic cleft
synaptic vesicle
neurotransmitter
neurotransmitter receptor
This binding causes an excitation or an inhibition
postsynaptic neuron(dendrite)
neurotransmitter receptor
excitationmore action potentials
inhibitionfewer action potentials
glutamate
GABA
An agonist is a “pretender”
presynaptic neuron(axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron
(dendrite)
synaptic cleft
synaptic vesicle
neurotransmitter
neurotransmitter receptor
An antagonist blocks the receptor
presynaptic neuron(axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron
(dendrite)
synaptic cleft
synaptic vesicle
neurotransmitter
neurotransmitter receptor
agonist antagonist
A drug pretends to be serotonin, binding to serotonin’s postsynaptic receptors and causing action potentials.
agonist
A drug pretends to be serotonin, binding to serotonin’s postsynaptic receptors and causing action potentials.
agonist antagonist
Alcohol blocks glutamate receptors so that signaling cannot happen.
antagonist
Alcohol blocks glutamate receptors so that signaling cannot happen.
Cocaine/Crack
The drug block the reuptake channels for dopamine. When dopamine is released, it is unable to return back to the pre-synaptic neuron. This causes more neurotransmitter to be released into the synaptic cleft, more sodium channels are open, and more action potentials are fired.
LSD
The drug most resembles the neurotransmitter serotonin, so it is able to unlock the postsynaptic receptor. This causes more action potentials (electric signaling) in the visual cortex of the brain.
Meth
This drug enters the pre-synaptic neuron through the reuptake channels and takes the place of dopamine in the synaptic vesicles. The dopamine is then bullied out and pushed into the synaptic cleft causing an overflow of the neurotransmitter.
Alcohol• This drug increases
the effect of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter. It slows down action potentials.
• The other way is that it blocks post-synaptic receptors for glutamate so that the glutamate cannot bind to postsynaptic receptors and release a signal.
Marijuana• Cannabinoid receptors exist in
the hippocampus, cerebellum
• Cannabinoid receptors are activated by a neurotransmitter called anandamide.
• THC mimics the actions of anandamide, meaning that THC binds with cannabinoid receptors and activates neurons,
• Blocks acetylcholine from being released.
Brain Dissection Pre Lab- Separate sheet of paper that you will turn in on Mon/Tues
• Needs to be complete in order to do lab on Mon/Tues• REMEMBER:
• You cannot make up the brain lab• Unexcused Absent= NP