Catalogue and Health - WHO · Catalogue and Health Electronic Library Drinking-water Quality Global...

World Health Organization

Information Products Water, Sanitation and Health

Cat

alo

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Electronic Library

Drinking-water Quality

Global Monitoring: Water Supply and Sanitation

Safe Wastewater and Excreta Use

Recreational and Bathing Waters

Microbial Risk Assessment and Management: Issues in Water Safety

Water Resource Quality

Water Management and Vector Control

Water Supply and Sanitation

Operation and Maintenance

Health Care Waste

Water and Sanitation on Ships and Aircrafts

Healthy Settings

MDI catalogue OMS 2002 28/10/02 15:03

INFORMATION

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION - MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION

Information Products on Water, Sanitation and Health

This information products catalogue on water, sanitation and health provides bibliographic anddescriptive information on over 50 recent WHO publications and CD-ROM relevant to the quality control of water, its risk assessment, water supply and sanitation, health in water resources development and management, the use of wastewater, the safe disposal of waste and the quality and control of recreational waters. It also includes books dealing with the promotion of healthy environments, and on vector control and the control of water-associated diseases.

Other information products provide current scientific information in the form of fact sheets, posters,teaching and training documents. Publications in preparation are listed in each section and relevantURL addresses are given for information available in electronic form.

How to orderAn alphabetical index of titles is provided at the end. An order form is contained in this catalogue on page 39.

WHO information products can be ordered from sales agents (see list at the end of the catalogue) or directly from WHO. Orders addressed to WHO must be accompanied by payment in Swiss francs, EURO or US dollars. Payment by credit card is accepted (see order form).Email address for direct orders: [email protected]

In developing countriesDeveloping countries benefit from at least a 30% discount on the regular price indicated in this catalogue for the books published by WHO.

Language editionsThe following abbreviations are used in bibliographic entries to indicate the availability of language editions: Ar = Arabic; C = Chinese; E = English; F = French; G = German; R = Russian; S = Spanish; E/F = Bilingual edition English/French. An asterisk (*) indicates a language edition in preparation.

Catalogue onlineThis catalogue can also be consulted on our website at the following address: www.who.int/publications/catalogues. For additional information on our information products, please visit our website: www.who.int/publications.

Become a WHO Publishing PartnerInformation about health is fundamental to saving lives and making us all healthier. To reach morereaders with its information, WHO is seeking partners to reproduce and/or translate the books andreports in this catalogue. Royalties are modest and can be waived in the case of non-profit editions or those intended for developing countries. For further information, please contact: Health Information Management and Dissemination, World Health Organization, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, Tel: +41 22 7912460, Fax: +41 22 7914806, Email: [email protected]

For publications produced by Spon Press, please contact: Spon Press:For all direct customers (general public)Tel: 0044(0) 1264 343071 Fax: 0044(0) 1264 343005Email: [email protected]

For all UK bookshops contact:Tel: 0044(0)1264 342926 Fax: 0044(0) 1264 343005Email: [email protected]

For all Overseas bookshops contact:Tel: 0044(0)1264 343070 Fax: 0044(0) 1264 343005Email: [email protected]

World Health OrganizationMarketing and DisseminationCH-1211 Geneva 27Switzerland

Tel: +41 22 791 24 76 Fax: +41 22 791 48 57Email: [email protected] Website: www.who.intMDI.WAT.203

MDI catalogue OMS 2002 28/10/02 15:03

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CONTENTS

Electronic Library

Drinking-water Quality

Global Monitoring: Water Supply and Sanitation

Safe Wastewater and Excreta Use

Recreational and Bathing Waters

Microbial Risk Assessment and Management: Issues in Water Safety

Water Resource Quality

Water Management and Vector Control

Water Supply and Sanitation

Operation and Maintenance

Health Care Waste

Water and Sanitation on Ships and Aircrafts

Healthy Settings

Related Reading

Promotional and Information Material

Web Addresses

Index

Addresses

Order form

Sales agents

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MDI catalogue OMS 2002 28/10/02 15:03 Page 1

This second edition of WHO's water sanitation and health electroniclibrary compiles information available from the World Health

Organization on the theme. It includes many of the current publica-tions and documents in HTML format, and some other resource materials such as posters in PDF format.

The CD-ROM is key to increasing global access to information and hasworld-wide relevance. Information will be accessible particularly todeveloping countries. The CD-ROM includes different information mate-rial such as books and reports, training documents and teaching materi-al, water-related disease fact sheets, slides collections, and much more.

The purpose of this compilation is to make information more readilyaccessible. It should be useful to scientists, policy makers, practitioners,students and others- whether they belong to government, operationalagencies, consultancies, academia, NGOs or other institutions.

The design of the CD-ROM facilitates information recovery, and incor-porates file formats and browsers which can be run virtually on anydesktop or laptop computer. The information is primarily in English witha few documents also available in French.

The WHO Water, Sanitation and Health Electronic Library CD-ROM isupdated yearly. Each new edition includes the latest information avail-able as well as some texts which could not be incorporated in previouseditions.

How it worksFiles, except for posters, are provided in html format and they cantherefore be accessed by any browser. The documents may be searchedby titles or authors, themes, topics or keywords. Multi-criteria searchesmake them easily accessible.

Intended AudiencePolicy and decision makers, Governments, Water managers, Waterengineers, Water, sanitation and health institutions, Consultants,Professors, NGO’s, Libraries and other interested persons.

"…Safe water supply and sanitation to

protect health are amongthe basic human rights.

Ensuring their availability would contribute

immeasurably to health and productivity for

development…"

Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland,Director-General, WHO

"This new CD-ROM presents the state-of-the artinformation from the Water,

Sanitation and Health programme at WHO.

It is a practical, accessible, all-inclusive and transparent

tool for those active inwater, sanitation and health. A must for all

specialists in the field. "

Dr. Richard Helmer,Director for the Protection of

the Human Environment, WHO

Water, Sanitation and HealthElectronic Library (WSH CD-ROM),Second edition

2002, CD-ROM [E/F]ISBN 92 4 154577 1Swiss francs: 250.–/US $225.00In developing countries: Swiss francs 70.–Order no. 0992013

ELECTRONIC LIBRARY

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Water, Sanitation and Health

Electronic Library

Second edition


ELECTRONIC LIBRARY

What’s new? The second edition includes: Books:• Water Quality: Guidelines, Standards and Health

• Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. Addendum: Microbiological Agents in Drinking-Water. Second edition

• Healthy Villages. A Guide for Communities and Community Health Workers

• Arsenic and Arsenic Compounds, 2nd edition, Environmental Health Criteria 224

• Children in the New Millennium

Reports and other promotional documentscovering the following topics:

• Water for Health: WHO’s Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. A brochure in English/French/Spanish

• Seven water-related disease fact sheets and four theme articles

• Managing Water in the Home: Accelerated Health Gains from Improved Water Supply

• Evaluation of the H2S Method for Detection of Faecal Contamination of Drinking Water

• Reducing and Eliminating the Use of Persistent Organic Pesticides: Guidance on Alternative Strategies for Sustainable Pest and Vector Management

• WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality;Policies and Procedures for Preparing and Updating of the WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality

• Information on Sanicon

• Protocol on Water and Health

... plus more

CD-ROM contentThe CD-ROM contains more than 11,000 pagesof information, 20 books and some 100 documents and information material.Books :• Guidelines for drinking-water quality, 2nd edition

Volumes 1 to 3, Addendum to Volume 1 andAddendum to volume 2

• Safe management of wastes from health-care activities

• Guide to the development of on-site sanitation

• Guidelines for the safe use of excreta and wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture

• Analysis of wastewater for use in agriculture

• Surface water drainage in low-income countries

• Water quality assessments

• Water pollution control

• Water quality monitoring

• Toxic cyanobacteria in water

• Monitoring bathing waters

• Water assessment report 2000

Reports and other promotional documents covering the following topics:Arsenic in drinking-water, water resources manage-ment series, safe recreational water environments,healthcare waste, operation and maintenance, envi-ronmental health in water resources development,sanitation and hygiene education, safe wastewateruse, water and health: information for the generalpublic and thematic articles.

Water-related disease fact sheets on: Anaemia, arsenicosis, ascariasis, campylobacteriosis,cholera, cyanobacterial toxins, dengue and denguehaemorrhagic fever, guinea-worm diseases, leptospiro-sis, hepatitis, japanese encyphalitis, lead poisoning,malaria, malnutrition, methaemoglobinemia,onchocerciasis, ringworm, scabies, schistosomiasis,trachoma, spinal injury, typhoid and paratyphoidenteric fevers and more…

Slides collection, teaching material and posters:• Guidelines for drinking-water quality training pack• Teacher’s guide: management of wastes from

health care activities

• Teacher’s guide: management of wastes fromhealth care activities: slides collection

• Teacher’s guide: management of wastes fromhealth care activities: overheads collection

• Water, sanitation and health posters

• Sanitation connection posters

The second CD-ROM provides comprehensive access to WHO’sinformation on water supply, sanitation and health.

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Sets out guidelines for a large number of water contaminants rel-evant to the quality of drinking-water.

The book also provides an explanation of how the guideline values should be applied, the criteria used in selecting the variousmicrobiological, chemical, physical, and radiological contaminantsconsidered, a description of the approaches used to derive theguideline values, and brief summary statements supporting thevalues recommended or explaining why no health-based guide-lines is necessary at present.

Now in its second edition, the book has been considerablyrevised and expanded in the light of new scientific information,particularly concerning the health risk posed by chemical contaminants.

“... this world’s single most important water quality document ... will form the basis for the development ofstandards in hundreds of countries around the world...”

– Water and Environment International

1993, x + 188 pages [C, E, F, R, S]ISBN92 4 54460 0Sw.fr. 46.–/US $41.40In developing countries: Sw.fr. 32.20Order no. 1151404Third edition in preparation, 2003

Guidelines for Drinking-water QualityVolume 1: RecommendationsSecond edition

DRINKING-WATER QUALITY


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Guidelines for Drinking-water QualityVolume 2: Health Criteria and Other Supporting Information Second edition

Guidelines for Drinking-water QualityVolume 3: Surveillance and Control of Community Water Supplies Second edition

Reviews and interprets the extensive toxicological,epidemiological, and clinical evidence that shaped thedetermination of guideline values for drinking-waterquality. Organized to parallel and extend the cover-age of volume 1, this second work communicates thescientific rationale for individual recommendationsbased on a critical review of data linking health haz-ards to specific exposure levels. In so doing, it aims toestablish an authoritative basis for national water-quality standards that are consistent with the goal of providing wholesome, safe drinking-water in a sufficient quantity. Well over 3000 references to theliterature are included.

The book has three parts. The first, on microbiologi-cal aspects, addresses the common and widespreadhealth risks associated with the direct or indirect contamination of drinking-water with human or animal excreta, particularly faeces. The most exten-sive part, which contains almost 800 pages, providesevaluations, supported by toxicological monographs,for each of 36 inorganic constituents and physicalparameters, 27 industrial chemicals, 36 pesticides,four disinfectants, and some 23 disinfectant by-prod-ucts. The final part explains application of the refer-ence level of dose for radiological contaminants indrinking-water.

“ an excellent volume...”

– Journal of Environmental Studies

1996, xvi + 973 pages [E, F, ]ISBN 92 4 154480 5Sw.fr. 260.–/US $234.00In developing countries: Sw.fr. 182.–Order no. 1152404

A comprehensive guide to all practical procedures andtechnical measures required to ensure the safety ofdrinking-water supplies in small communities andperiurban areas of developing countries. Now in its second edition, the book has been vastly expanded inline with broadened appreciation for the many factorsthat influence water quality and determine its impacton health. Revisions and additions also reflect consid-erable new knowledge about the specific technicaland social interventions that have the greatest chanceof success in situations where resources are scarce andlogistic problems are formidable.

Since quality controls may be especially difficult toimplement in small communities, the book concen-trates on the most essential requirements, emphasiz-ing the crucial need to ensure microbiological safety.Details range from advice on how to design simplepictorial reporting forms for sanitary inspections, toguidance on setting priorities for remedial action,from a comparison of different methods for the analy-sis of coliform bacteria, to drawings of measures forprotecting water sources. Throughout, numerouschecklists, charts, diagrams, and model forms areused to enhance the volume’s practical value.

“… a practical and well written text, with beau-tifully presented diagrams and drawings whichdemonstrate the essentials of hydrogeology,sampling methods and construction of smallcommunity supplies. The invaluable annexesalone would justify having the book as an indis-pensable reference for anyone concerned withwater supplies in developing countries…”

– Health and Hygiene

1997, xii + 238 pages [E, F, ]ISBN 92 4 154503 8Sw.fr. 72.–/US $64.80In developing countries: Sw.fr. 50.40Order no. 1153404


This companion volume reviewsand interprets the extensive toxico-logical, epidemiological, and clinicalevidence that formed the basis forthe new or updated evaluationsissued in the addendum to Volume1. Covering the same 22 chemicalsubstances, the volume communi-cates the scientific rationale foreach individual recommendation.Well over 1,000 references to therecent literature are included.

“... an excellent reference bookfor all specialists active in watersupply and water pollution con-trol...”

– Water Lines

This Addendum to the second edi-tion of Guidelines for drinking-water quality contains reviews of anumber of pathogens that occurwidely in water – Aeromonas spp,Legionella spp., Vibrio cholerae,enteric hepatitis viruses, and proto-zoan parasites (Cryptosporidium,Giardia, and Cyclospora spp.).These review documents super-sede, and are more comprehensivethan, those previously published inVolumes 1 and 2 of the Guidelines.

Unlike the analogous chemicalreviews in the Guidelines, themicrobiological review documentsdo not conclude with "safe" or"tolerable" exposure levels for thepathogens. The microbiol quality ofdrinking-water can vary rapidly andwidely, and even brief exposures topathogens may have serious healthconsequences. Analytical tech-niques for recognized pathogensmay be time-consuming and com-plex, and are not always available,and knowledge of the identity ofwaterborne pathogens is in anycase incomplete. The microbiologi-cal reviews therefore summarizecurrent knowledge of transmission,attenuation, and removal of theindividual pathogens, and of theeffectiveness of measures for inter-rupting transmission.

This addendum to volume 1 sum-marizes new findings that havebecome available since the secondedition was published in 1993, andthat call for a reconsideration ofselected guideline values issued atthat time. In addition, guidelinevalues for four substances are pre-sented here for the first time. Theaddendum is part of WHO’s ongo-ing effort to ensure that recom-mendations about the safety ofchemical substances found indrinking-water are in line with thelatest scientific data.

For some of the substances underreview, previously establishedguideline values have been revisedin the light of new evidence. Forothers, new findings confirm thecontinuing validity of previous rec-ommendations. Updated or newevaluations are provided for seveninorganic substances (aluminium,boron, copper, nickel, nitrate,nitrite, and uranium), four organicsubstances (edetic acid, micro-cystin.LR, benzo[a]pyrene, and fluo-ranthene), ten pesticides (benza-tone, carbofuran, cyanazine,1,2-dibromoethane, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 1,2-dichloropropane, diquat,glyphosate, pentachlorophenol,and terbuthylazine), and a disin-fectant by-product (chloroform).

1998, viii + 283 pages [E]Sw.fr. 35.–/US $31.50In developing countries: Sw.fr. 24.50Order no. 1930128

2002, vi + 142 pages [E]ISBN 92 4 154535 6Sw.fr. 35.–/US $31.50In developing countries: Sw.fr. 24.50Order no. 1155404

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Guidelines for Drinking-waterQualityAddendum to Volume 1:Recommendations Second edition

Guidelines for Drinking-waterQualityAddendum to Volume 2: Health Criteria and otherSupporting information Second edition

Guidelines for Drinking-waterQualityAddendum: MicrobiologicalAgents in Drinking-waterSecond edition


1998, viii + 38 pages [E, F]ISBN 92 4 154514 3Sw.fr. 14.–/US $12.60In developing countries: Sw.fr. 9.80Order no. 1154404


Arsenic and ArsenicCompounds Second edition

Vinyl chloride

This book evaluates the risks tohuman health and the environmentposed by arsenic and arsenic com-pounds. Arsenic is widely distri-buted in the earth’s crust and isemitted into the atmosphere bycoal-fired power generation plantsand volcanic activity. Inorganicarsenic of geological origin is foundin groundwater used as drinking-water in several parts of the world,e.g., Bangladesh. In these areas,drinking-water is the main sourceof arsenic intake, but elsewherefood is the principal source.

The report evaluates the largenumber of investigations of arsenictoxicity. In the ecological section,evidence is presented that arseniccauses effects including inhibitionof growth, photosynthesis andreproduction, and behaviouraleffects. The report concludes witha number of recommendations forfuture research.

The Environmental Health Criteria Series

is published by WHO andprovides internationally

peer reviewed riskassessments on

selected chemicals. The volumes of direct relevance to drinking-water quality include

the following five books.

"... not only the most extensive, but also one of

the best toxicological series in existence... These books

deserve nothing but praise ..."

– International Journal ofEnvironmental Studies

Environmental Health Criteria, No. 224 2001, 187 pages [E with summaries in F, S] ISBN 92 4 157224 8 Sw.fr. 108.–/US $95.40 In developing countries: Sw.fr. 75.60 Order no.1160224 Electronic access:http://www.who.int/pcs/ra_main.html

This monograph deals with vinylchloride (VC) monomer itself and isnot an evaluation of polyvinyl chlo-ride (PVC), the polymer of VC.Exposures to VC in mixtures are notaddressed.

VC are investigated in watersources. VC has a relatively lowsolubility in water and has a lowadsorption capacity to particulatematter and sediment. Volatilizationof VC is the most rapid process forremoval of VC introduced into sur-face waters. One important distri-bution route is leaching throughthe soil into groundwater whereVC may persist for years. There areindications for reactions of VC withchlorine or chloride used for waterdisinfection, thus leading tochloroacetaldehyde and otherundesirable compounds. Anotherpossibility for interaction is withsalts, many of which have the abili-ty to form complexes with VC, per-haps resulting in increased solubili-ty. Methods employed (withdiffering success) for removal of VC from contaminated watersare reviewed. The toxicity of VC is evaluated, including its carcinogenic properties.

Environmental Health Criteria, No. 2151999, 356 pages [E, with summaries in F, S] ISBN 92 4 157215 9Sw.fr. 72.–/US $64.80In developing countries: Sw.fr. 50.40Order no. 1160215Electronic access:http://www.who.int/pcs/ra_main.html

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Evaluates the risks to human health posed by expo-sure to lead and inorganic lead compounds. Reflectingthe focus of research, the report concentrates onmounting evidence that exposure to low levels of leadcan have significant effects on health, particularly forinfants and young children. Food, beverages, andwater constitute the major source of exposure for theadult general population. Infants and young childrenare exposed to an additional burden of lead present insoil and household dust.

Additional evidence shows increased lead absorptionwhen diets are deficient in calcium, phosphate, seleni-um, or zinc.

"... a very good reference text..."

– Pathology

This book evaluates the risk to human health and theenvironment posed by exposures to fluorides. It iswidely known that fluoride has both positive and neg-ative effects on human health, and there is a narrowrange between intakes that are associated with theseeffects. Cases of skeletal fluorosis associated with theconsumption of drinking water containing elevatedlevels of fluoride are reported.

Fluoride is ubiquitous in the environment and virtuallyall foodstuffs contain at least trace amounts of fluo-ride. The amount of fluoride present naturally in non-fluoridated drinking water is highly variable, beingdependent upon the individual geological environ-ment. Also, fluorides, especially hydrogen fluoride,are important industrial compounds and they are usedin aluminium production, glass manufacturing and soon.

This document focuses on environmental exposure tofluoride derived mostly from inorganic sources and itseffects on humans, animals and other biota. Data onhydrogen fluoride, calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride,sulfur hexafluoride and silicofluorides are covered, asthese compounds are considered to be the most rele-vant of the inorganic fluorides on the basis of quanti-ties released to the environment, environmental con-centrations and toxicological effects on livingorganisms. A review of studies on the environmentalfate and concentration of fluorides is also presented.

Environmental Health Criteria, No. 1651995, 300 pages [E, with summaries in F, S] ISBN 92 4 157165 9 Sw.fr. 56.–/US $50.40In developing countries: Sw.fr. 39.20 Order no. 1160165 Electronic access: http://www.who.int/pcs/ra_main.html

Environmental Health Criteria, No. 2272002, 268 pages [E, with summaries in F, S] ISBN 92 4 157227 2Sw.fr. 60.–/US $54.00In developing countries: Sw.fr. 42.–Order no. 1160227Electronic access: http://www.who.int/pcs/ra_main.html

Fluorides Inorganic Lead



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Disinfectants and Disinfectant By-products

This book evaluates the risks to human health posedby disinfectants and disinfectant by-products found intreated drinking-water. Noting that chlorine and otherwidely-used disinfectants were approved for usealmost 100 years ago, when toxicological data werelimited, the report responds to the need for reassur-ance that consumption of treated drinking-water willnot have adverse effects on health. Particular concerncentres on the potential of chlorine to react with nat-ural organic matter and form a large number of by-products, some of which have been intensively stud-ied as potential human carcinogens. With theseconcerns in mind, the report evaluates over 800recent studies in an effort to clarify understanding ofthe chemistry and toxicology of disinfectants and dis-infectant by-products, and provide a balanced assess-ment of the associated risks to human health.

Environmental Health Criteria, No. 2162000, xxvii + 499 pages [E, with summaries in F, S]ISBN 92 4 157216 7Sw.fr. 102.–/US $91.80In developing countries: Sw.fr. 71.40Order no. 1160216Electronic access: http://www.who.int/pcs/ra_main.html


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Evaluation of the H2SMethod for Detection ofFaecal Contamination ofDrinking-water

The purpose of this book is toreview the basis of the hydrogensulfide test as a measure of faecalcontamination of drinking waterand the available scientific andempirical evidence for and againstthe test as a valid, useful and reli-able measure of faecal contamina-tion and drinking water quality. Thereport addresses the fundamentalmicrobiological basis of the test,including its chemical and bio-chemical basis, what organisms itdetects and how it detects andquantifies them and the reportedexperiences with its practical appli-cation to assessing water quality.

2003, 75 pages, [E only] Electronic access only

Chemical Safety ofDrinking-water: AssessingPriorities for RiskManagement

This book provides methods andindicators to predict critical chemi-cals to monitor and manageamong the hundreds of chemicalsin drinking-water for which theremaybe limited resources and infor-mation.

2003, approx. 150 pages, [E only]

Legionella and thePrevention of Legionellosis

Legionnaires' disease is a potential-ly life threatening form of pneumo-nia caused by Legionella spp. Thisdocument encompasses a review ofrisk assessment and risk manage-ment aspects of Legionella in arange of settings where exposure ispossible.


Impact of Treatment onMicrobial Water Quality andOccurrence of Pathogens inWater Sources

A review document on treatmentefficiency to remove pathogensand of the occurrence ofpathogens in source waters.

The publication provides a criticalanalysis of the literature on removaland inactivation of pathogenicmicrobes in water to aid the waterquality specialist and design engi-neer in making important decisionsregarding microbial water quality.

March 2003, [E only]

Arsenic in Drinking-water

This report provides up-to-dateinformation on arsenic in drinkingwater ranging from source, expo-sure, human health effect, meas-urement to mitigation strategies.

March 2003, approx. 650 pages, [E only]Nitrate/Nitrite in Drinking-water

This report provides up-to-dateinformation on Nitrate/nitrite indrinking water ranging fromsource, exposure, human healtheffect, measurement to mitigationstrategies.


In PreparationFor information on availability of these documents,please refer to: www.who.int/water_sanitation_health


Domestic Water Quantity,and Service Level

This new report reviews the rela-tionships between water volumeused and service level in the homeand human health; and betweenaccess to water and human health.It tackles directly the issue of mini-mum volumes both in normal sup-ply and in situations such as emer-gencies.

2003, 30 pages, [E only]

Fluoride in Drinking-water

This report provides up-to-dateinformation on fluoride in drinkingwater ranging from source, expo-sure, human health effect, meas-urement to mitigation strategies.


Water Safety Plans

The improvement of water qualitycontrol strategies, in conjunctionwith improvements in excreta dis-posal and personal hygiene can beexpected to deliver substantialhealth gains in the population. Thisdocument provides information onimproved strategies for the controland monitoring of drinking waterquality.


Indicators: "Safer Drinking-water: Improving theAssessment of MicrobialSafety."

This document considers the needto improve the assessment andmanagement of microbial safety ofdrinking water, by moving awayfrom monitoring simply as a tool toverify the safety of the finishedproduct towards using results as abasis of risk management actions.

2003, Published by OECD and IWA publishing, [E only]

Protecting Groundwater forHealth Managing theQuality of Drinking-waterSources

This document provides informa-tion on strategies for the protectionof groundwater sources used fordrinking-water as the first stage ofan integrated approach to watersafety management.

2003, [E only]

Microbial Water Quality inPiped Distribution SystemsA review of knowledge and practices

The development of pressurisedpipe networks for supplying drink-ing water to individual dwellings,buildings and communal taps con-tributes to the development andhealth of most communities. Thispublication considers the presenceand growth of microorganisms indistribution networks and the prac-tices that influence their presenceand growth.

2003, [E only]

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by R.M. Ayres and D.D. Mara 1996, iv + 31 pages [E, F, S, R] ISBN 92 4 154484 8 Sw.fr. 12.–/US $10.80In developing countries: Sw.fr. 8.40 Order no. 1150432

2000, 124 pages [E, F, S]ISBN 92 4 156202 1Sw.fr. 35.–/US $31.50In developing countries: Sw.fr. 24.50Order no. 1150482

Global Water Supply and SanitationAssessment 2000 Report

GLOBAL MONITORING: WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION

Reports the findings, by country and by region, of aglobal assessment of the water supply and sanitationsector in 2000. Prepared by the WHO/UNICEF JointMonitoring Programme for Water Supply andSanitation, the report uses a new methodology thatgives both a more accurate estimate of access towater supply and sanitation and a better understand-ing of the many factors that influence changes overtime. The report also compares current findings withdata from 1990 and assesses the feasibility of reach-ing targets set for 2015.

Unlike previous monitoring exercises, which relied oninformation from service providers, the 2000 reportuses consumer-based data drawn from household sur-veys. In another innovation, the report uses technolo-gy type as an indicator of access to improved waterand sanitation. The definition of adequate coverage isnow based on assumptions that certain technologies,such as public standpipes or pour-flush latrines, arebetter for health than others, such as unprotectedsprings and public latrines.

SAFE WASTEWATER AND EXCRETA USE

An illustrated guide to the laboratory analysis of treat-ed wastewater intended for use in agriculture. Notingthat the use of wastewater for crop irrigation isbecoming increasingly common, the book aims tohelp laboratories ensure that wastewaters intendedfor agricultural use comply with WHO guidelines formicrobial quality. These guidelines were established byWHO in order to protect against the risk that waste-water irrigation may facilitate the transmission of exc-reta-related diseases. Two major risks are addressed:the transmission of intestinal nematode infections tocrop consumers and agricultural workers, and thetransmission to crop consumers of faecal bacterial dis-eases, including bacterial diarrhoea and dysentery,typhoid, and cholera.

Analytical procedures recommended in the manualare simple and effective, require minimum equipment,and can be carried out by persons with little or noprevious parasitological or microbiological experience.All procedures are fully explained and clearly illustrat-ed in over 40 photographs, including 20 colour plates.Relevant laboratory skills are also explained with theaim of encouraging standardized performance of pro-cedures.

Analysis of Wastewater for Use in Agriculture A Laboratory Manual of Parasitological and Bacteriological Techniques


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Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewaterand Excreta in Agriculture andAquacultureMeasures for Public Health Protection

Provides policy makers with the health based evidencefor developing standards/regulations for the safe useof wastewater and excreta in agriculture and aquacul-ture. Presents and explains the full range of practicaland technical factors that need to be consideredwhen planning, designing, and implementingschemes for the safe reuse of wastewater and excretain agriculture and aquaculture. Emphasis is placed ongood wastewater and excreta use practices that mini-mize risks to health. In keeping with the need to con-serve resources, the book also presents compellingarguments for the environmental advantages of reuseschemes, including increased crop yields, reducedrequirements for artificial fertilizers, avoidance of sur-face water pollution, conservation of soil and freshwa-ter resources, and desertification control.

by D. Mara and S. Cairncross1989, vii + 187 pages [E, F, R, S] ISBN 92 4 154248 9 Sw.fr. 35.–/US $31.50In developing countries: Sw.fr. 24.50 Order no. 1150324 Second edition in preparation [see next section]

Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewaterand Excreta in Agriculture, Second EditionVolume 1 This document will provide an update to the influen-tial 1989 WHO Guidelines for the safe use of waste-water and excreta in agriculture and aquaculture. The specific focus of this document is controlling thehealth risks associated with the use of wastewaterand excreta in agriculture.

Guidelines for Safe Use of Wastewater andExcreta in Aquaculture, Second Edition This document provides an update to the influential1989 WHO Guidelines for the safe use of wastewaterand excreta in agriculture and aquaculture. The specific focus of this document is controlling thehealth risks associated with the use of wastewaterand excreta in aquaculture.

Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewaterand Excreta in Agriculture: SupportingEvidence, Second Edition, Volume 2This document provides the scientific backgroundused to develop the Guidelines for the safe use ofwastewater and excreta in agriculture through a seriesof key issues papers.

Health Aspects of Aquifer Recharge WithReclaimed Water This document explores the health implications associated with reclaimed water of aquifers used as drinking-water sources.

In PreparationFor information on availability of these documents,please refer to: www.who.int/water_sanitation_health


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Monitoring Bathing WatersA practical Guide to the Designand Implementations ofAssessments and MonitoringProgrammes

by J. Bartram and G. Rees1999, 337 pages [E] ISBN 0 419 24380 1£24.99To order or obtain information contactSPON. (see Information page)

RECREATIONAL AND BATHING WATERS

This book, which has been pre-pared by an international group ofexperts, provides comprehensiveguidance for the design, planningand implementation of assessmentsand monitoring programmes forwater bodies used for recreation.

Guidelines for SafeRecreational WaterEnvironmentsVolume 1: Coastal and Fresh-waters

Volume 1 of Guidelines for saferecreational water environmentsprovides an authoritative refer-enced review and assessment ofthe health hazards associated withrecreational waters. It covers theirmonitoring and assessment, activi-ties available for their controlthrough the education of users,good design and construction, andgood operation and management.The guidelines presented address awide range of hazards includingwater quality (sewage pollution,naturally-occurring microbes,chemical constituents), physicalhazards (leading to drowning andinjury), and dangerous organisms.Prepared by process of consensusamongst a large group of leadingexpertsApprox. 300 pages

Guidelines for SafeRecreational WaterEnvironmentsVolume 2: Swimming Pools,Spas and Similar RecreationalWater Environments

This second volume provides guidelines on the health hazardsassociated with swimming-pools,spas and similar recreational waterenvironments.Prepared by process of consensusamongst a large group of leadingexperts Approx. 200 pages

In PreparationFor information on availability of these documents, please refer to:www.who.int/water_sanitation_health


15

Water Quality: Guidelines, Standards and HealthAssessment of risk and risk management forwater-related infectious disease

MICROBIAL RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT: ISSUES IN WATER SAFETY

The potential to increase consistency in approaches toassessment and management of water-related micro-bial hazards was tackled by an international group ofexperts concerned with drinking water, irrigation andwastewater use and recreational/bathing water. Itincluded individuals with expertise in public health,epidemiology, risk assessment, risk management,standards and regulation, communication and eco-nomics. Subsequently, a series of reviews was progres-sively developed and refined, which addressed theprincipal issues of concern linking water and health tothe establishment and implementation of effective,affordable and efficient guidelines and standards. Thisbook is based on these reviews, together with the dis-cussions of a harmonised framework and the issuessurrounding it.

This book will prove invaluable to all those concernedwith issues relating to microbial water quality andhealth, including environmental and public health scientists, water scientists, policy makers and regula-tors.

Heterotrophic Plate Count and Health

This text, prepared by an international group ofexperts addresses the 'heterotrophic plate count' testwhich is widely used in drinking water assessment:what it detects (and what it does not detect), itsdirect and indirect health significance and its use inthe safety management of drinking water supplies. Itincludes the consensus statement from an expertreview meeting and takes account of the presenta-tions and posters at an international conference onthe theme co-sponsored by WHO and NSF-International. by J. Bartram, J. Cotruvo, M. Exner, C. Fricker, and A.Glasmacher 2003, 280 pages [E only]

Mycobacterium avium Complex

This report provides information on theMycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in water. MACis a leading cause of death amongst HIV positive pop-ulations. It reviews the organism, its health signifi-cance, procedures for its investigation and study inwater, and weighs up the evidence that water is a sig-nificant route for its transmission.

2003, [E only]

Edited by L. Fewtrell and J. Bartram 2001, 440 pages [E]ISBN 92 4 154533 XSw.fr. 126.–/US $113.40In developing countries: Sw.fr. 88.20Order no. 1150489



16

Water quality monitoring is a fun-damental tool in the managementof freshwater resources, and thisbook covers the entire monitoringprocess providing detailed guidancefor implementing a monitoring net-work with step-by-step descriptionsof field and laboratory methods.

Distributed by Spon Press, seeInformation page for address

Edited by D. Chapman1996, 626 pages [E] ISBN 0 419 21600 6£22.99

Edited by J. Bartram and R. Balance1996, 383 pages [E] ISBN 0 419 21730 4£24.99

Water Quality MonitoringA practical guide to the designand implementation of fresh-water quality studies and monitoring programmes

Water Quality Assessments(2nd edition)A guide to the use of biota,sediments and water in environmental monitoring

This guidebook, now thoroughlyupdated and revised in its secondedition, gives comprehensive adviceon the designing and setting up ofmonitoring programmes for the pur-pose of providing valid data forwater quality assessments in all typesof freshwater bodies. It is clearly andconcisely written in order to providethe essential information for allagencies and individuals responsiblefor the water quality.


WATER RESOURCE QUALITY

All books on

these two pages

are distributed by

Spon Press.

See Information

page for the address.


17

This book, which has been pre-pared by an international group ofexperts, provides comprehensiveguidance for the design, planningand implementation of assessmentsand monitoring programmes forwater bodies used for recreation.


Edited by J. Bartram and G. Rees1999, 337 pages [E]ISBN 0 419 24380 1£24.99

Edited by I. Chorus and J. Bartram1999, 416 pages [E]ISBN 0 419 23930 8£24.99

Monitoring Bathing WaterA practical Guide to the Designand Implementations ofAssessments and MonitoringProgrammes

Toxic Cyanobacteria inWaterA Guide to their Public HealthConsequences, Monitoring andManagement

This is a handbook for policy mak-ers and environmental managers inwater authorities and engineeringcompanies engaged in water quali-ty programmes, especially in devel-oping countries. It is also suitablefor use as a textbook or as trainingmaterial for water quality manage-ment courses. It is a companionvolume to Water QualityAssessment and Water QualityMonitoring.


Edited by R. Helmer and I. Hespanhol1997, 510 pages [E]ISBN 0 419 22910 8£32.50

Water Pollution ControlA guide to the use of water qualitymanagement principles

This book describes the presentstate of knowledge regarding theimpact of cyanobacteria on healththrough the use of water. It consid-ers aspects of risk managementand details the information neededfor protecting drinking watersources and recreational waterbodies from the health hazardscaused by cyanobacteria and theirtoxins. It also outlines the state ofknowledge regarding the principalconsiderations in the design of pro-grammes and studies for monitor-ing water resources and suppliesand describes the approaches andprocedures used.



18

Guidelines for the Incorporation of HealthSafeguards into Irrigation Projectsthrough Intersectoral Cooperation Joint WHO/FAO/UNEP/UNCHS Panel of Expertson Environmental Management for VectorControl (PEEM)

Guidelines for Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Vector Control Joint WHO/FAO/UNEP/UNCHS Panel of Expertson Environmental Management for VectorControl (PEEM)

by M. Phillips, A. Mills and C. DyePEEM Guidelines Series, No. 31993, 192 pages [E, S] WHO/CWS/93.4 Sw.fr. 33.–/US $29.70In developing countries: Sw.fr. 23.10 Order no. 1933026

A practical guide to including health considerationsinto the planning of irrigation schemes as a basis forthe design of measures that are both cost-effectiveand beneficial to health. Noting the many factors thatcan doom an irrigation scheme to failure, the booktakes planners, managers, and engineers througheach stage in the project cycle, alerting readers topotential problems and describing the precautionsneeded to ensure the dual objectives of increasedagricultural production and better health status in acost-effective way. The book also uses abundant prac-tical examples to illustrate the interactions betweendesign features, health status, and the ultimate suc-cess of a project.

A step-by-step guide to the planning and implemen-tation of analysis of the the costs and effectiveness ofvarious options for vector control. Emphasis is placedon the use of this type of economic evaluation togenerate data that can guide the judicious applicationof methods from among the many options availablefor vector control. Addressed to specialists who lackformal training in economics and epidemiology, theguide explains the techniques and procedures to fol-low when assessing and then comparing differentinterventions in order to achieve a specified objectiveat the least cost and make the most out of limitedbudgets.

Apart from their value as an aid to calculating andanalysing the cost-effectiveness of interventions, theguidelines can also be used as a briefing for decision-makers and to acquaint medical entomologists, publichealth engineers, other vector control specialists andeconomists with evaluation techniques specific to thecomplex problems surrounding vector control.

by M. Tiffen PEEM Guidelines Series, No. 11991, 81 pages [E, F, S] Sw.fr. 25.–/US $22.50In developing countries: Sw.fr. 17.50 Order no. 1930025

WATER MANAGEMENT AND VECTOR CONTROL


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Guidelines for Forecasting the Vector-borne Disease Implications of WaterResources Development Joint WHO/FAO/UNEP/UNCHS Panel ofExperts on Environmental Management forVector Control (PEEM)

Vector Control Methods for Use by Individuals and Communities

A practical self-instruction manual for waterresources and health professionals who need tomake a rapid assessment of the health risks asso-ciated with a water development project in thetropics or sub-tropics at the early planning phase.Responding to the need for simplified impactassessment tools, the book uses worksheets,flowcharts, maps, tables, examples, and numer-ous classification schemes to give the processes ofdata collection and interpretation a structuredframework. By facilitating the forecasting ofhealth hazards and risks, the book aims to makeit easier for engineers to design projects whichsafeguard public health, use opportunities toenhance community health status and protect theenvironment.

by M. H. Birley PEEM Guidelines Series, No. 21991, xi + 128 pages [E, F] Sw.fr. 33.–/US $29.70In developing countries: Sw.fr. 23.10 Order no. 1930026

The first comprehensive, illustrated guide to vector controlmethods suitable for use by individuals and communities.Published at a time when large-scale control programmesorganized by governments are declining, the manual aimsto help non-professionals understand the role of vectors inspecific diseases and then select and use control methodsthat are appropriate, effective, affordable, and safe.Hundreds of simple, inexpensive and often ingenious tech-niques, developed and used in a host of different settings,are presented and described in this abundantly illustratedguide.

The manual is intended to assist health workers at districtand community level, in aid organizations, in refugeecamps, or in resource development projects who do nothave direct access to experts in entomology, yet need meth-ods for controlling the vectors of such important diseases asmalaria, filariasis, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, dengue,and trypanosomiasis. With this audience in mind, the bookcombines non-specialist factual information about vectorsand the diseases they cause with practical advice on controlmeasures, whether involving the use of insecticides, environ-mental modifications, or the construction of simple devicesfrom local materials. Details range from a table showingwhere and when the different groups of biting Diptera areactive to a recipe for preparing plaster to protect homesagainst triatomine bugs, from step-by-step instructions forthe construction of cheap insect traps to advice on how toimpregnate bednets and curtains with suitable insecticides.

Selected "Best Medical Book of the Year" by the BMABoard of Science and Education. Vector Control wasalso awarded first prize in the competition's publichealth category.

prepared by J.A. Rozendaal1997, xii + 412 pages (illustrated) [E, F, and Vietnamese;Portuguese and Korean editions in preparation]ISBN 92 4 154494 5 Sw.fr. 132.–/US $118.80In developing countries: Sw.fr. 40.–Order no. 1150448


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Slide Set on Environmental Managementin Vector Control

Health Opportunities in DevelopmentA Course Manual on Developing IntersectoralDecision-making Skills in Support of HealthImpact Assessment

This manual presents in detail the principles of problem-based learning for the development of pro-fessional capacities to deal with issues of an intersec-toral nature. Health is a cross-cutting issue in thedevelopment activities of many other public sectors.Both health sector professionals and professionals inthe other sectors require to develop skills allowingthem to successfully engage in intersectoral negotia-tions and action during project planning, design andoperation.

The second part of the Manual is a practical, step-by-step guide on how to organise the course, in the context of one particular field of work, Health ImpactAssessment of development projects. Preparations forand implementation of a task-oriented course areillustrated from the experience of five courses held indifferent parts of the world. The third part containsall course materials, including the Task Guides, guidesfor tutors and resource persons, generic course sched-ules and instructions for field trips. A CD-ROM ispart of this set, and includes electronic versions of allmaterials contained in the guide as well as back-ground text books and visual aids. The complete setconsists of two volumes (Volume I: parts 1 and 2;Volume II: part 3) and a CD-ROM.

2003, 69 + 131 pages and CD ROM [E]by R. Bos, M.H. Birley, C. Engel and P. FuruISBN 92 4 154563 1Sw.fr 75.–/US$67.50In developing countries: Sw. fr. 52.50Order number 1150513

WATER MANAGEMENT AND VECTOR CONTROL

This set of training aids provides an introduction tothe role of water resource management schemes inspreading a number of important communicable dis-eases of man. It limits itself to those diseases whichare transmitted by invertebrate organisms whose life-cycle, either partly or wholy, is associated with theaquatic environment. These organisms can be flyinginsects, in which case they are called disease vectors,or certain species of aquatic snails, known as interme-diate hosts. For practical purposes, in the accompany-ing text reference will be made to "vectors" on theunderstanding that this term includes the snail inter-mediate hosts of schistosomiasis. It presents a numberof adverse conditions as they frequently occur inwater resource development projects, followed byexamples of environmental engineering measureswhich can be applied for their correction.

These training aids are first of all aimed at engineers,who are, or will be, responsible for the design andconstruction of irrigation and other hydraulic projects.However, they are also designed to serve as part of apackage of educational material for the training ofvector control specialists. They will hopefully con-tribute to a better, mutual understanding and collabo-ration between these two groups.

Vector Biology and Control Training and InformationMaterials, Slide Set Series1988, 46 pages + 90 colour slides and 25 overhead transparencies [E]Sw.fr. 110.–/US $99.00In developing countries: Sw.fr. 77.–Order no. 1660009


21

Slide Set on Agricultural Development and Vector-borne Diseases

A set of 180 high-quality colour slides illustrating themultiple - and complex - effects that agriculturaldevelopment can have on vector-borne diseases. Theslides are accompanied by over 80 pages of back-ground information, tips for effective presentation,advice on teaching techniques, and lively commen-taries for each slide. The slide set responds to the fre-quent failure of planners and engineers to understandthe health risks created by agricultural developmentand thus incorporate appropriate safeguards intowater and land use schemes. With this problem inmind, the volume provides striking visual evidence ofthe many specific agricultural practices that can createideal habitats for vectors, and endanger the health oflarge populations.

Slides and narrative text are organized into logicalgroups to facilitate the imaginative use of this materi-al to meet a range of objectives for different audi-ences. Foremost among these are professionals in theagricultural and natural resources sectors, who needto be encouraged to work more closely with thehealth sector to prevent diseases associated with landand water resources development. The slides can alsobe used for training students and, when shown intheir entirety, provide a comprehensive portrait of thelinks between agricultural development and the trans-mission of vector-borne diseases, including schistoso-miasis, malaria, yellow fever, lymphatic filariasis,onchocerciasis, leishmaniasis, Japanese encephalitis,and African trypanosomiasis.

Vector Biology and Control Training and InformationMaterials, Slide Set Series1997, iii + 83 pages + 180 colour slides [E]Sw.fr. 250.–/US $225.00In developing countries: Sw.fr. 175.–Order no. 1660013

Reducing and Eliminating the Use ofPersistent Organic Pesticides: guidance onalternative strategies for sustainable pestand vector managementUNEP/FAO/WHO, 2002, 88pages [E] Electronic access only: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2002/a76620.pdfby J. Mörner, R. Bos and M. Fredrix

Intersectoral Decision-Making Skills inSupport of Health Impact Assessment ofDevelopment Projects. Final Report on theDevelopment of a Course Addressing HealthOpportunities in Water ResourceDevelopmentWHO, 2000, 42 pages, WHO/SDE/WSH/00.9 [E] Electronic access only:http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/HIA/WSH00-9.htm

Action Plan for the Reduction of Relianceon DDT in Disease Vector ControlWHO, 2001, 40pages, WHO/SDE/WSH/01.5[E]Electronic access only:http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/vector/ddt2.htm

Rapid Assessment of Correlations BetweenRemotely Sensed Date and MalariaPrevalence in the Menoreh Hills Area ofCentral Java, Indonesia. Final report.WHO, 2002, 14 pages, WHO/SDE/WSH/02.06 [E]Electronic access only:http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/Documents/indonesia/finalreport.pdf

Human Health and Dams : The World HealthOrganization’s Submission to the WorldCommission on Dams (WCD)WHO, 2001, 38 pages, WHO/SDE/WSH/00.01 [E]Electronic access only: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/vector/dams.htm

Free of chargeFor information on availability of these documents, please refer to:www.who.int/water_sanitation_health


22

WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION

A spiral-bound manual offeringstep-by-step instructions for helping communities improvehygiene behaviour, prevent choleraand other diarrhoeal diseases, and manage their own water and sanitation facilities. Addressed to facilitators working in the community, the manual uses theParticipatory Hygiene andSanitation Transformation, orPHAST, approach, an exciting newmethodology which relies on locally prepared visual "toolkits" to stimulate community enthusiasmand participation. Recommendedmaterials and activities were exten-sively field tested in four Africancountries.

A collection of original articles,case studies, checklists, work-sheets, and stimulating ideas aimedat raising the profile of sanitationand thus attracting the assistanceand investments needed to makeprogress. Noting that tremendousefforts over two decades that havehad little impact on sanitary condi-tions for much of the world, thebook calls for a revolution in theway the sanitation sector definesits objectives and conducts itswork. With this goal in mind, thebook serves as a rich resource ofideas, solid lessons based on pastexperience, guidance on "bestpractices" in meeting a range ofdifficult needs, and some innova-tive new tools for both promotingsanitation and introducing ecologi-cally-friendly technologies.

Although all areas of sanitation areconsidered, the major emphasis ison the management of humanwastes.

Describes an exciting approach,based on an innovative set of par-ticipatory techniques, that hasdemonstrated its ability to promotehygienic behaviour, sanitationimprovements, and communitymanagement of water and sanita-tion facilities. Known as theParticipatory Hygiene andSanitation Transformation, orPHAST, initiative, the approach wascarefully developed and tested inboth urban and rural areas of fourAfrican countries: Botswana,Kenya, Uganda, and Zimbabwe.Results of these tests indicate anunprecedented involvement ofcommunities, the particular suit-ability of PHAST techniques toresource-poor settings, and remark-able success in terms of environ-mental and behavioural improve-ments.

by S. Wood, R. Sawyer and M. Simpson-Hébert1998, ix + 126 pages [E, F]WHO/EOS/98.3Sw.fr. 16.–/US $14.40Indeveloping countries: Sw.fr. 11.20Order no. 1930131

WSSCC Working Group on Promotion of Sanitationedited by M. Simpson-Hébert and S. Wood1998, xv + 277 pages [E, F]WHO/EOS/98.5Sw.fr. 40.–/US $36.00In developing countries: Sw.fr. 28.–Order no. 1930147

1997, vi + 39 pages [E, F, S]WHO/EOS/96.11Sw.fr. 12.–/US $10.80In developing countries: Sw.fr. 8.40Order no. 1930129

The PHAST Initiative:Participatory Hygiene andSanitation TransformationA New Approach to Workingwith Communities

PHAST Step-by-Step Guide:A Participatory Approachfor the Control ofDiarrhoeal Disease

Sanitation Promotion


23

A Guide to the Development of On-siteSanitation

Provides detailed practical and technical advice intend-ed to guide the selection, design, construction, andmaintenance of on-site facilities for the removal ofhuman excreta. Addressed to engineers, sanitarians,medical officers, and project planners, the book con-centrates on technical options suitable for household-ers building their own latrines, whether in small com-munities, rural areas, or deprived urban settlements.Details range from line drawings illustrating featuresof design and construction, through a list of reasonswhy improved sanitation may elicit negative responsesfrom users, to instructions for calculating the internaldimensions of a septic tank.

The book features eleven chapters in three parts.Chapters in the first part introduce the foundations ofsanitary practice, describe the links between excretaand disease, and explain the numerous social and cul-tural factors that must be considered at the planningphase. Chapters in the second and most extensivepart provide a detailed technical guide to the design,construction, operation and maintenance of all themain options for on-site sanitation. Chapters describehow the different types of latrine work, discuss theirrelative merits, and set out detailed plans for the con-struction of latrines and their components. The finalpart features three chapters on the planning anddevelopment of on-site sanitation projects, underscor-ing the need for a thorough analysis of cultural aswell as design features.

"... an intriguing book..."

– International Journal of Environmental Studies

Managing Water in the Home: AcceleratedHealth Gains from Improved Water Supply

The purpose of this report is to critically review thevarious candidate technologies and systems for pro-viding microbiologically improved household waterand to identify the most promising ones based ontheir technical characteristics and performance criteria.The characteristics and performance criteria for theseare: effectiveness in improving and maintaining micro-bial water quality, reducing waterborne infectious dis-ease, technical difficulty or simplicity, accessibility,cost, socio-cultural acceptability, sustainability andpotential for dissemination.

2002, 69 pages, WHO/SDE/WSH/02.07[E]Electronic access only: http://www.who.int/phe

The SAFE Strategy – Preventing Trachoma A guide for environmental sanitation andimproved hygieneThis manual forms part of the comprehensive SAFEstrategy that has been developed for controlling tra-choma through the action of a combination of deter-minants including surgery, antibiotics treatment, facialcleanliness and trachoma control, which focus onimproving hygiene and the environment.

by S.P. Mariotti and A. PrüssWHO, 2000 , 36 pages, WHO/PBD/GET/00.7 [E/F]Requests for this document should go to WHO, Managementof noncommunicable diseases, Blindness and deafness. Email: [email protected]

by R. Franceys, J. Pickford and R. Reed 1992, viii + 237 pages [E, F, S] ISBN 92 4 154443 0 Sw.fr. 47.–/US $42.30In developing countries: Sw.fr. 32.90 Order no. 1150380

Free of chargeFor information on availability of these documents, please refer to: www.who.int/water_sanitation_health


24

Tools for Assessing theOperation and MaintenanceStatus of Water Supply andSanitation in DevelopingCountries

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION

Sets out a managerial framework,supported by specific assessmenttools, for measuring and evaluatingthe status of operation and mainte-nance of water supply and sanita-tion services. Noting that problemswith operation and maintenancehave long been recognized as keyconstraints to sustainability, thebook aims to encourage profes-sional staff in utilities, local govern-ments, and nongovernmentalorganizations to undertake per-formance assessments and use theresults to introduce improvements.The book also aims to convincepolicy-makers that investments inwater supply and sanitation will beoptimized when managementstrategies give operation and main-tenance a high profile. The assess-ment tools described can beapplied to a wide range of activitiescarried out by utilities, govern-ments, and communities in bothrural and urban settings.

This training manual is aimed atprofessionals responsible for opera-tion and maintenance of watersupply systems, who already havesome experience of training. It willhelp the implementation of trainingactivities and will be an importanttool for trainers in the design,preparation and carrying out oftraining courses on leakage control.

From 1988 to 1997 WHOcoordinated the Operationand Maintenance WorkingGroup of the Water Supply and SanitationCollaborative Council (currently a Network onOperation and Maintenance).

The working group prepareddocuments dealing with different aspects of opera-tion, maintenance and sustainability of water supplyand sanitation systems.

These materials were devel-oped by experienced waterand sanitation experts andafter extensive testing werefinally published. The mostimportant themes aroundoperation and maintenancewere considered.

Together, these materialsrepresent an impressive setof valuable information fordecision-makers and watersupply and sanitation practi-tioners in developing countries.

by M. Farley2001, 173 pages [E]WHO/SDE/WSH/01.1Sw.fr. 20.–/US $18.00In developing countries: Sw.fr. 14.–Order no. 1930189

2000, iv + 46 pages [E]WHO/SDE/WSH/00.3Sw.fr. 14.–/US $12.60In developing countries: Sw.fr. 9.80Order no. 1930180

Leakage Management andControlA Best Practice Training Manual


25

Operation and Maintenanceof Urban Water Supply andSanitation Systems A Guide for Managers

Operation and Maintenance of RuralWater Supply and Sanitation SystemsA Training Package for Managers and Planners

Describes a systems approach tothe operation and maintenance ofdrinking-water and sanitation serv-ices in urban areas of developingcountries. Addressed to managersand other personnel with decision-making responsibilities, the bookresponds to ample evidence thatpoor management has had thegreatest single negative impact onthe quality of water supply andsanitation services. The guide,which is intended to serve as a reference source and conceptualframework, covers virtually all theprocedures, activities, projects, andareas of managerial responsibility,at different levels, needed toensure that water supply and sani-tation services function continuous-ly, efficiently, and to their fullcapacity. Emphasis is placed onprocedures that can help controlwater losses.

A spiral-bound collection of training materials andactivities designed to help planners, managers, andengineers improve water supply and sanitation projects through the better management of theiroperation and maintenance. Addressed to coursefacilitators, the manual contains abundant notes,background information, overheads, work sheets,exercises, and fact sheets specific to conditions seenin rural areas of the developing world. Informationranges from fact sheets describing the strengths andlimitations of specific technologies, through a list offactors that influence a community's willingness topay for services, to a discussion of nineteen tools forplanning and working with communities.

The manual is intended for use in a two-week courseor workshop with 12 to 15 participants. Course con-tent, which was developed following almost sevenyears of field testing and revision, draws on lessonslearned from the failure of many projects to producesustainable services. Foremost among these lessons isknowledge that social, managerial, institutional, finan-cial, and environmental issues are as vital to success asthe technical features of project design.

1994, ix + 102 pages [C*, E, F] ISBN 92 4 154471 6 Sw.fr. 23.–/US $20.70In developing countries: Sw.fr. 16.10 Order no. 1150416

prepared by F. Brikké2000, iv + 292 pages [E]WHO/SDE/WSH/00.2Sw.fr. 44.–/US $39.60In developing countries: Sw.fr. 30.80Order no. 1930182


26

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION

A comprehensive and practicalguide providing the technical detailrequired to upgrade existing watertreatment plants to increase pro-cessing efficiency and improveoverall quality. An invaluable refer-ence for civil engineers.

IN PREPARATIONISBN 92 4 156215 3Sw.fr. 35.–/US $30.50In developing countries: Sw.fr. 24.50Order no. 1150515

Edited by G. Wagner and R.Pinheiro 2001, 227 pages [E]ISBN 0 419 26050 1£29.99Distributed by Spon Press, seeInformation page for address

The selection of a particular technology can have far-reachingconsequences on the sustainabilityof the services provided as shownworldwide in the past decades,with a whole range of technical,financial, institutional, social andenvironmental implications. Thisreference document is designed tohelp planners and project staff inthe selection of water supply andsanitation technologies for use inrural and low-income urban areas.

Linking Technology Choice withOperation and Maintenance

Upgrading Water TreatmentPlants

Linking Technology Choicewith Operation and Maintenance



27

Safe Management of Wastes from Health-Care Activities

Teacher's Guide: Management of Wastesfrom Health-Care Activities

HEALTH CARE WASTE

This handbook provides the first comprehensive guideto the safe and efficient handling, treatment, and dis-posal of all categories of hazardous waste generatedby health-care activities. Although the major emphasisis on waste generated by hospitals, guidelines andadvice are also relevant to wastes produced in healthcentres, research facilities, and laboratories, or associ-ated with home care or treatment in doctors' anddentists' practices.

In publishing this handbook, WHO aims not only topromote a sound managerial approach and the use ofappropriate technologies, but also to inform countriesabout the health risks that result from inadequatemanagement of health-care waste. With these goalsin mind, the book provides both an alert to docu-mented public health and environmental hazards anda catalogue of the technical, managerial, and legisla-tive options available for reducing these risks. All com-ponents of a waste management policy – whether atnational or institutional level – are considered indetail.

Although recommended policies and procedures haveuniversal relevance, the handbook gives particularattention to conditions in developing countries, wheremethods for the safe treatment and disposal of haz-ardous waste may be limited. With these conditions inmind, the handbook includes approaches for gradualimprovements together with a catalogue of optionsfor waste management that include both simple andhighly sophisticated technologies. Throughout, photo-graphs, lines drawings, checklists, tables, and step-by-step procedures are used to enhance the practicalvalue of the wealth of guidance provided.

This publication was awarded first prize in thepublic health category of the 2000 BritishMedical Association Book competition.

A spiral-bound collection of resource materials for usein a three-day training course focused on the safemanagement of health-care wastes. Course materialsare aimed at an audience of managers of hospitalsand other health-care establishments, policy-makers,and professionals involved in waste management.Noting that health-care waste has a higher potentialof infection and injury than any other type of waste,training materials aim to both heighten awareness ofspecific hazards and illustrate the strategies – whetherinvolving national legislation or safe practices at theinstitutional level – that can minimize these risks. Theteacher's guide is a companion to the WHO hand-book, Safe Management of Wastes from Health-CareActivities.

Training materials include ready-to-copy texts for over-head transparencies or slides, lecture notes, handouts,exercises, worksheets, and evaluation forms. Apartfrom drawing attention to the public health and envi-ronmental hazards of health-care wastes, material forthe course includes abundant technical informationon various safe options for waste segregation, stor-age, collection, labelling, transport, treatment, anddisposal.

Specific training materials range from overheads list-ing the components of national programmes forwaste management and outlining an action plan,through a handout illustrating technical options forwaste treatment, to a worksheet for calculating thecosts for construction and operation of an incinera-tion plant. Advice on how to organize and conductthe course is provided together with suggestions forusing problem-based approaches and supplementingthe materials with locally-relevant examples and exer-cises.

edited by A. Prüss, E. Giroult and P. Rushbrook1999, xiv + 230 pages + 4 colour plates [E, F*, C]ISBN 92 4 154525 9Sw.fr. 72.–/US $64.80In developing countries: Sw.fr. 50.40Order no. 1150453

by A. Prüss and W.K. Townend1998, v + 227 pages [E]WHO/EOS/98.8Sw.fr. 35.–/US $31.50In developing countries: Sw.fr. 24.50Order no. 1930134


28

HEALTH CARE WASTE

A practical guide to the safe dis-posal of large quantities ofunwanted or unusable pharmaceu-ticals donated during emergenciesor as part of developmental assis-tance. Drawing on experiencesgained during the war in Bosniaand Herzegovina, the guidelinesrespond to both the hazards ofexpired or spoiled drugs and thehigh costs of their sorting and dis-posal. Emphasis is placed on cost-effective methods that pose a mini-mum of risks to public health andthe environment.

1999, 31 pages [E]WHO/EDM/PAR/99.2Sw.fr. 8.–/US $7.20In developing countries: Sw.fr. 5.60Order no. 1930154

Guidelines for the SafeDisposal of UnwantedPharmaceuticals in andafter EmergenciesInteragency Guidelines

Review of Health Impacts fromMicrobial Hazards in Health-Care Wastes

This document aims at reviewing thescientific literature for findings onhealth impacts from microbiologicalhazards of health-care wastes. It alsoreviews health impacts of similar expo-sures in similar circumstances, to evalu-ate health risks by analogy.

Although the available literature is rela-tively scarce, this document constitutesan initial review, to be updated as addi-tional evidence becomes available.

It is targeted at scientists and publichealth professionals, and those involvedin policy setting around health-carewaste management.

WHO, 2003 Electronic access:http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/index.html

In PreparationFor information on availability of these documents, please refer to: www.who.int/water_sanitation_health


29

WHO Guide to ShipSanitationThird edition

The WHO Guide to Ship Sanitationis the official global reference onhealth requirements for ship con-struction and operation and isdirectly referenced in Article 14 of the International HealthRegulations. The Guide was firstpublished in 1967 and reprintedwith amendments in 1987. WHO is now updating the Guide in closecollaboration with the shippingindustry, Port Health Regulators,The International MaritimeOrganization and the InternationalLabour Organization.

Expected 2004

WATER AND SANITATION ON SHIPS AND AIRCRAFTS

WHO Guide to Hygiene andSanitation in AviationThird edition

The WHO Guide to Hygiene andSanitation in Aviation was first pub-lished in 1960 with a second edition in1977. It is referenced in Article 14 ofthe International Health Regulations.The present volume predates therecognition of a number of importantbiological and physical hazards and, is now in revision. It is proposed thatthe revised Guide be evidence-basedand cover communicable and non-communicable diseases, including the following topics:

• Food safety

• Water safety

• Liquid and solid waste disposal

• Aircraft interior cleaning (routine housekeeping and special circumstances)

• Vector control (including other vermin such as rats) at airports and on aircraft

• Aircraft disinsection

• Cabin air quality (ventilation, filter cleaning, chemical exposures, respiratory illnesses)

• Cosmic radiation

• Noise control

• Occupational Health (flight crew and frequent flyers)

• Ergonomics (DVT)

• Disease surveillance and notification

• Summary chapters for different users such as regulators, airport operators and airlines

Expected 2004

In PreparationFor information on availability of these documents, please refer to: www.who.int/water_sanitation_health


30

HEALTHY SETTINGS

In the context of examiningprogress made since the 1990World Summit for Children and the1992 United Nations Conferenceon Environment and Development,this book provides an overview ofkey environmental risks to chil-dren’s health and the underlyingcauses.

Highlighted are children’s specialvulnerability and susceptibility toenvironmental threats at eachdevelopmental stage, during preg-nancy, infancy and early childhood,through to school age and adoles-cence. Specific environmentalthreats of major importance to chil-dren are described, including lackof safe water and sanitation, chem-ical pollution and radiation, indoorand outdoor air pollution and natu-ral resource degradation.

The book also addresses theimpacts of global environmentalproblems on children and futuregenerations, including climatechange, desertification, deforesta-tion and the loss of biodiversity. Aseries of recommendations are pro-posed for action at the local,national, regional and internationallevels to improve children’s environ-mental health.

An illustrated manual, for use inhealth education, that encouragespoor rural communities to intro-duce simple environmental modifi-cations to promote health and pre-vent disease. Particular attention isgiven to elements of basic hygieneand sanitation that protect childrenfrom diarrhoeal disease. Written ina simple yet lively narrative style,the manual uses vivid stories, dia-logue, and drawings to make itsvital health messages relevant tothe community setting. Informationranges from drawings illustratingthe construction of filtration sys-tems for drinking-water, throughinstructions for mixing oral rehydra-tion salts, to advice on how fast-breeding fish species can be usedto control mosquito larvae andimprove nutrition.

Health is determined by many fac-tors, including income, environ-mental conditions – such as accessto adequate sanitation and safewater supplies – individual behav-iour, and health services. Morethan half of the world's populationlives in villages and rural areas andmost of those without access tosafe water sources or basic sanita-tion are rural dwellers.

Enabling rural populations to pro-tect and improve their health is amajor challenge worldwide. Inresponse to this, an informal"healthy villages" movement hasevolved. A healthy villages projectpromotes local actions by commu-nity members, mobilizing humanand financial resources to buildhealthy environments and promotehealthy behaviours.

This guide is intended to providecommunity leaders with informa-tion to assist them in implementingand sustaining a healthy villagesproject. It covers topics such aswater and sanitation, drainage,waste management, housing quali-ty, domestic and communityhygiene, and provision of healthservices, providing extensive sourcematerials for adaptation to localneeds and conditions.

by G. Howard with C. Bogh, G.Goldstein, J. Morgan, A. Prüss, R. Shawand J. Teuton2002, ix + 109 pages [E] ISBN 92 4 154553 4 Sw.fr. 22.–/US $19.80 In developing countries: Sw.fr. 15.40 Order no.1150494

2002, vi + 142 pages [E] ISBN 92 4 159016 5 Sw.fr. 15.–/US $13.50 In developing countries: Sw.fr. 10.–Order no. 1150501

1994, v + 99 pages [E, F]WHO/HEP/94.2Sw.fr. 16.–/US $14.40In developing countries: Sw.fr. 11.20Order no. 1930130

Healthy Villages A Guide for Communities andCommunity Health Workers

Children in the NewMillenniumEnvironmental Impact on Health

Food, Water and Family HealthA Manual for CommunityEducators


31

Environmental Health inEmergencies and Disasters:A Practical Guide

Water and Health in EuropeA joint Report from the EuropeanEnvironment Agency and theWHO Regional Office for Europe

Guidelines for CholeraControl

RELATED READING

Drawing on the results of theInternational Decade for NaturalDisaster Reduction (IDNDR) and expe-rience of ‘sustainable development’between the two Earth Summits (Rio de Janeiro and Johannesburg),this volume distills knowledge andpractice of environment and develop-ment in disasters and emergencies. It is intended for practitioners as well as policy makers and researchers.

At the same time, this book is acompendium of best practices forrisk reduction in the fields of:

• Shelter and emergency settlements

• Water supply

• Sanitation

• Food safety

• Vector and pest control

• Control of communicable diseasesand prevention of epidemics

• Chemical incidents

• Radiation emergencies

• Mortuary service and handling of the dead

Although some aspects of waterquality and supply have improvedin some countries over the lastdecade, progress has been variable.Renewed emphasis is being placedon microbial quality and theacknowledgement of previouslyunrecognized and re-emergingmicrobial and other hazards.

To this end the WHO RegionalOffice for Europe, in partnershipwith the United Nations EconomicCommission for Europe, prepared a new Protocol on Water andHealth to the 1992 Convention on the Protection and Use ofTransboundary Watercourses andInternational Lakes. This publicationprovides information on many ofthe issues covered by the Protocol,such as adequate supplies of drinking-water and sanitation,water for irrigation and recreationaluse, monitoring of hazards, andpublic participation in decision-making. The evidence presentedwas collected through an extensivecoordinated data-gatheringprocess, in which many organiza-tions and individuals throughoutthe European Region cooperated.

Sets out the facts and advice neededto guide public health actions inresponse to an outbreak of cholera.Noting that the introduction ofcholera into a country cannot be prevented, the book stresses themany things that can be done to prepare the health services, educatethe general public, save the lives ofpatients, and prevent the furtherspread of an outbreak. The objectiveis to help managers of national diar-rhoeal disease control programmesand non-governmental agencies tomake the most effective decisions,whether concerning the selection ofmedical supplies or the emergencyresponse to an epidemic.

Throughout, emphasis is placed onthe importance of safe water, scrupu-lous personal hygiene, and carefulfood preparation as the most effectivepreventive measures. Readers are alsoalerted to public health interventions,such as vaccination, mass chemopro-phylaxis, and cordon sanitaire, whichare ineffective, wasteful, and there-fore to be discouraged.

IN PREPARATIONedited by B. Wisner, J. Adams2003, 200 pages approx. [E]Available March 2003ISBN 92 4 154541 0

Edited by J. Bartram, N. Thyssen,A.Gowers, K. Pond and T. LackWHO Regional Office for EuropeWHO Regional Publications, EuropeanSeries, No. 932002, xxiii + 222 pages [E]ISBN 92 890 1360 5Sw.fr. 50.–/US $45.–In developing countries: Sw.fr. 35.–Order no. 1310093

1993, vi + 61 pages [C, E, F, S*] ISBN 92 4 154449 X Sw.fr. 15.–/US $13.50In developing countries: Sw.fr. 10.50 Order no. 1150398


Environmental Healthin Emergencies and Disasters: A Practical Guide


RELATED READING

An expert scientific assessment ofthe impact that climate changemight have on the health of theworld's population. Addressed topolicy-makers as well asresearchers, the report adopts acautious approach, using the bestscientific studies to provide reason-able predictions and realistic rec-ommendations for action.Throughout the report, the com-plexities of climate change, the lim-itations of current researchmethodologies, and the conse-quent uncertainty of future predic-tions are repeatedly emphasized.

Three years in the making, thebook reflects the consensusreached by an international groupof eleven experts in areas rangingfrom computerized simulations ofclimate to the behaviour of diseasevectors in different ecological sys-tems. A further 45 experts con-tributed to the report or reviewedrelevant sections. Close to 700 ref-erences to the literature are includ-ed in this thoroughly researchedand carefully argued report.

Methodology forAssessment ofEnvironmental Burden ofDisease

A report from a consultation ofexperts on the evaluation of dis-ease burden from environmentalrisk factors. This consultation waspart of an ongoing process aimingprimarily at providing methodologi-cal guidance on the quantitativeassessment of the burden of dis-ease from environmental risk fac-tors at national or regional levelsand creating a network of expertsinterested in developing the con-ceptual and practical implementa-tion of environmental disease bur-den assessment and sharingexperience to define priorities infuture developments.

by D. Kay, A. Prüss and C. CorvalanWHO, 2000, 93 pages,WHO/SDE/WSH/00.7 [E]Electronic access only:http://www.who.int/peh/burden/methodologyhtm.htm

Records the results of a consulta-tion convened to explore the healthhazards posed by recent outbreaksof Escherichia coli O157:H7 andother enterohaemorrhagic E. coli(EHEC) infections. The report openswith a brief summary of what isknown about E. coli O157:H7, itsreservoirs, sources of food contami-nation, modes of transmission, andassociated diseases, includinghaemorrhagic colitis and thehaemolytic uraemic syndrome. Thesecond and most extensive sectionprofiles the epidemiology of EHECinfections in eleven countries:Argentina, Australia, Canada,Denmark, Germany, Japan, theNetherlands, South Africa, Sweden,the United Kingdom, and theUnited States of America. Topicscovered include trends in incidence,systems of surveillance, methods ofdetection, the characteristics ofrecent outbreaks, and the measuresused to contain them.

edited by A.J. McMichael, A. Haines, R. Slooff and S. Kovats 1996, xvi + 305 pages [E] WHO/EHG/96.7 Sw.fr. 30.–/US $27.00In developing countries: Sw.fr. 21.–Order no. 1930091

32

1997, ii + 43 pages [E] WHO/FSF/FOS/97.6 Sw.fr. 10.–/US $9.00In developing countries: Sw.fr. 7.–Order no. 1930107

Prevention and Control ofEnterohaemorrhagicEscherichia coli (EHEC)InfectionsReport of a WHO Consultation

Climate Change and Human Health An Assessment Prepared by aTask Group on Behalf of theWorld Health Organization,the World MeteorologicalOrganization and the UnitedNations EnvironmentProgramme

Free of chargeFor information on availability of these documents, please refer to: www.who.int/water_sanitation_health


In Preparationfrom Spon Press

Considerations inEvaluating the CostEffectiveness ofEnvironmental HealthInterventions

This document has been developedwith the aim to provide anoverview of currently used methodsfor economic evaluation and to dis-cuss implications of using thesemethods for evaluating environ-mental health interventions. It aimsat formulating recommendationsfor future evaluations in environ-mental health. The document isintended to contribute to themethodological discussions, and inparticular the development ofguidelines for evaluation of cost-effectiveness in the framework ofWHO’s initiatives, and other ongo-ing work in this area. This workconstitutes a background docu-ment with preliminary considera-tions of methods for economicevaluations in environmentalhealth.

by G. Hutton WHO, 200, 88 pages,WHO/SDE/WSH/00.10 [E]Electronic access only:http://www.who.int/environmental_information/Disburden/WSH00-10/WSH00-10TOC.htm

The Protocol on Water andHealth: What it is, Why itmatters

The WHO-UNECE Protocol onWater and Health to the 1992Convention on the Protection andUse of Transboundary Watercoursesand International Lakes is an inter-national legal instrument on theprevention, control and reductionof water-related diseases in Europe.

The Protocol, representing the firstmajor international legal approachfor controlling water-related dis-ease, was signed at the ThirdMinisterial Conference onEnvironment and Health (1999) by35 countries. It will become legallybinding once at least 16 countriesratify it.

A user friendly booklet for min-istries, local authorities, water pro-fessionals, health professionals,NGOs and all who care about andwork for clean, healthy water.

Published by WHO Regional Office forEurope and the UN EconomicCommission for Europe.Electronic access only:http://www.unece.org/env/water (fulltext of protocol)http://www.euro.who.int/documents/wsn/WatProt/index.html (shorter web ver-sion of the brochure)http://www.euro.who.int/watsan/MainActs/20011210_3

Water, Law, Developmentand Health To make fundamental conceptsused in water management andwater use accessible and compre-hensible to lawyers, and to assistscientists and managers to under-stand the process of developmentand implementation of water law.The context of the book is theongoing freshwater crisis and theknowledge that trends are towardsits exacerbation; and that well con-structed and practical laws and reg-ulations may contribute to address-ing this effectively or mayexacerbate it.2003, approx. 300 pages [E]Distributed by Spon Press, see Information page for address

33


PROMOTIONAL AND INFORMATION MATERIAL

These posters are available inAcrobat PDF format, each is about100K. They can be downloadedand printed on A4 paper. Their aim is to raise awareness on WorldWater Day – celebrated each yearon 22 March.

The posters are:

• Sanitation and Safe Food

• Hygiene Saves Lives

• Sanitation Saves Your Blood

• Sanitation Saves Children

• Sanitation Keeps You Healthy

• Hygiene and Sanitation Saves Your Sight.

A set of seven posters available inEnglish, and three in French.

They can be downloaded and printedon A4 paper, and can be used at various events to promote Water for Health.

• Water, Sanitation and Health at the World Health Organization

• Health risks around the water cycle

• Water resource planning

• Improving water, sanitation and health reduces water-related diseases

• Water supply and sanitation -a basic human right

• Water Quality is vital for health

• Arsenic in drinking-water : a hidden poison

This report was launched on WorldWater Day 2001. It aims at raisingawareness on the vital linksbetween adequate clean, safewater and health, poverty allevia-tion, well being and overall sustainable development.

WHO, 2001, 35 pages,WHO/WSH/WWD/01.1 [E, F]Electronic access: http://www.world-waterday.org/2001/report/index.html Electronic access: French version :http://www.worldwaterday.org/2001/lgfr/news/report/index.html

Electronic access: http://www.world-waterday.org/2001/photos/index.html

Electronic access English:http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/General/posters.htmElectronic access French:http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/General/postersf.htm

34

Water for Health: TakingCharge

SaniCon Poster Set Six Posters

Water, Sanitation and Health Posters


Arsenic in drinking-water (Fact sheet # 210, English, French)Electronic access: http://www.who.int/inf-fs/en/fact210.html

Ship sanitation and health (Fact sheet # 269,English, French )Electronic access: http://www.who.int/inf-fs/en/fact269.html

Safe injection briefing note(Fact sheet # 231/232/234, English, French) Electronic access: http://www.who.int/inf-fs/en/fact231.htmlElectronic access: http://www.who.int/inf-fs/en/fact232.htmlElectronic access: http://www.who.int/inf-fs/en/fact233.html

Bottled drinking-water(Fact sheet # 256,English, French)Electronic access: http://www.who.int/inf-fs/en/fact256.html

Forty litres of water a day (Feature story # 205, English, French) Electronic access: http://www.who.int/inf-fs/en/feature205.html

Water - Too little or too much: the foremost causeof natural disaster Fact sheets # 203, English, French) Electronic access: http://www.who.int/inf-fs/en/feature203.html

Waste from health care activities (Fact sheets #253, English, French)Electronic access: http://www.who.int/inf-fs/en/fact253.html

Aide memoire on health care waste management(English, French, Arabic, Russian)Electronic access:http://www.who.int/bct/Main_areas_of_work/DCT/Health_waste_management.htm

35

Facts and FiguresA one pager highlighting the mostimportant facts and figures con-cerning water supply, sanitation,and hygiene links to health.Electronic access: www.who.int/phe

Water for HealthWHO's Guidelines forDrinking - Water Quality A four page brochure highlightingthe rolling revision procedures ofthe guidelines for drinking-waterquality.Electronic access:http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/GDWQ/DWQGbrochureE.pdf

Fact sheets and features available on WHO web siteElectronic access to WHO fact sheets: www.who.int/inf-fs/en/index_n.html

All fact sheets and feature stories provide the reader withmain highlights and the latest information on the topic. Theyare also very useful as background and easy to use material.


PROMOTIONAL AND INFORMATION MATERIAL

Access to the World Health Organization (WHO) web site: www.who.int

Access to Water, Sanitation and Health at WHO: www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/

Access to current and previous World Water Days web site: www.worldwaterday.org

Access to WHO fact sheets www.who.int/inf-fs/en/index_n.html

Access to information on safe health care waste management:www.healthcarewaste.org

Access to information on environmental sanitation and health:www.sanicon.net

Access to drinking water supply surveillance and monitoring in developing and transitional countries: www.lboro.ac.uk/watermark

Right to Water brochure

The objective of this brochure is to raise awareness tothe right to water access as a serious and importanthealth and human rights concern. Water is theessence of life. For poor people the lack of safe waterconstitutes as an acute deprivation and cause of illhealth. The brochure will outline the scope and con-tent of the human right to water and its relationshipto other civil, cultural, economic, political, and socialrights. In particular, water is closely linked and associ-ated with the rights to food and nutrition, to workand to a healthy environment.

WHO, 2003Electronic access: www.who.int/phe

WHO/FAO legal and regulations database

The purpose of this online database is to bringtogether country level water legislation information tobe used as a tool for policy/law makers, professionalsin international agencies and others interested inwater law, regulation and management. The databaseis in preparation.

WHO, 2003Electronic access: http://www.waterlawandstandards.org/

36

WEB LINKS



INDEX

37

Intersectoral Decision-making Skills in Support of Health Impact Assessment of Development Projects, 21

Leakage Management and Control, 24Legionella and the Prevention of Legionellosis, 10Linking Technology Choice with Operation and

Maintenance, 26Managing Water in the Home, 23Methodology for Assessment of Environmental Burden of

Diseases, 32Microbial Water Quality in Piped Distribution Systems, 11Monitoring Bathing Water, 17Monitoring Bathing Waters, 14Mycobacterium avium Complex, 15Nitrate/Nitrite in Drinking-water, 10Operation and Maintenance of Rural Water Supply and

Sanitation Systems, 25Operation and Maintenance of Urban Water Supply and

Sanitation Systems, 25PHAST Initiative, 22PHAST Step-by-Step Guide, 22Prevention and Control of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia

coli (EHEC) Infections, 32Protecting Groundwater for Health Managing the Quality

of Drinking-water, 11Protocol on Water and Health, 33Rapid Assessment of Correlations between Remotely

Sensed Data and Malaria Prevalence in the Menoreh Hills Area of Central Java, Indonesia, 21

Reducing and Eliminating the Use of Persistent Organic Pesticides, 21

Review of Health Impacts from Microbial Hazards in Health-Care Wastes, 28

Right to Water Brochure, 36Safe Management of Wastes from Health-Care Activities, 27

SAFE Strategy – Preventing Trachoma, 23

Sanicon Poster Set, 34

Sanitation Promotion, 22

Slide Set on Agricultural Development and Vector-borne Diseases, 21

Slide Set on Environmental Management in Vector Control, 20

Supporting Evidence: Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater and Excreta in Agriculture and Aquaculture, 13

Teacher’s Guide: Safe Management of Wastes from Health-Care Activities, 27

Tools for Assessing the Operation and Maintenance Status of Water Supply and Sanitation in Developing Countries, 24

Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water, 17

Upgrading Water Treatment Plants, 26

Vector Control, 19

Vinyl Chloride, 7

Water and Health in Europe, 31

Water for Health, 35

Water for Health: Taking Charge, 34

Water Pollution Control, 17

Water Quality Assessments, 16

Water Quality Monitoring, 16

Water Quality: Guidelines, Standards and Health, 15

Water Safety Plans, 11

Water, Law Development and Health, 33

Water, Sanitation and Health Posters, 34

WHO Guide to Hygiene and Sanitation in Aviation, 29

WHO Guide to Ship Sanitation, 29

WHO/FAO Legal and Regulation Database, 36

Action Plan for the Reduction of Reliance on DDT in Disease Vector Control, 21

Analysis of Wastewater for Use in Agriculture, 12Arsenic and Arsenic Compounds, 7Arsenic in Drinking-water, 10CD-ROM Water, Sanitation and Health, 2Chemical Safety of Drinking-water, 10Children in the New Millennium, 30Climate Change and Human Health, 32Consideration in Evaluating the Cost-Effectiveness of

Environmental Health Interventions, 33Disinfectants and Disinfectant By-products, 9Domestic Water Quantity, Service Levels and Health, 11Environmental Health Criteria

No. 165: Inorganic Lead, 8No. 215: Vinyl Chloride, 7No. 216: Disinfectants and Disinfectant By-products, 9No. 227: Fluorides, 8No. 224: Arsenic and Arsenic Compounds, 7

Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disasters:A Practical Guide, 31

Evaluation of the H2S Method for Detection of Fecal Contamination of Drinking-water, 10

Fact Sheets, 35Aide Memoire on Health Care Waste ManagementForty Liters of Water a DayArsenic in Drinking-waterBottled Drinking-waterShip Sanitation and HealthSafe Injection Briefing noteWaste from Health Care ActivitiesWater, Too Little – Too much

Facts and Figures, 35Fluoride in Drinking-water, 11Fluorides, 8Food, Water and Family Health, 30Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2002

Report, 12Guide to the Development of On-site Sanitation, 23Guidelines for Cholera Control, 31Guidelines for Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Vector

Control, 18Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, 4-5-6Guidelines for Forecasting the Vector-borne Disease

Implications of Water Resources Development, 19Guidelines for Safe Recreational-water Environments,

Volume 1, 14Guidelines for Safe Recreational-water Environments,

Volume 2, 14Guidelines for the Incorporation of Health

Safeguards into Irrigation Projects through Intersectoral Cooperation, 18

Guidelines for the Safe Disposal of Unwanted Pharmaceuticals in and after Emergencies, 28

Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater and Excreta in Agriculture and Aquaculture, 13

Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater and Excreta in Agriculture, volume 1, 13

Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater and Excreta in Aquaculture, volume 2, 13

Health Aspects of Aquifer Recharge with Reclaimed Water, 13

Health Opportunities in Development, 20Healthy Villages, 30Heterotrophic Plate Count and Health, 15Human Health and Dams, 21Impact of Treatment on Microbial Water Quality and

Occurrence of Pathogens in Water Sources, 10Indicators Safer Drinking-water, 11Inorganic Lead, 8


38

ADDRESSES

World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (Headquarters)

World Health OrganizationCH - 1211 Geneva 27, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 791 21 11Telex 415416 OMSFax +41 22 791 31 11INTERNET: http:/ /www.who.int

Marketing & DisseminationTel. +41 22 791 32 64/791 24 76Fax +41 22 791 48 57Email. : [email protected]

[email protected]:www.who.int/dsa

Regional Offices of WHO

Africa

World Health Organization Regional Office for AfricaP.O. Box 6Brazzaville, CongoTel. +242 63 72 05/81 15 53/81 12 60Fax +242 81 19 39/81 14 09Email. : [email protected]: www.whoafr.org

Americas

World Health OrganizationRegional Office for the AmericasPan American Health Organization525, 23rd Street, N.W.Washington DC 20037, USATel. +1-202 861 3200Fax +1-202 223 5971Email: [email protected]: http:/ /www.paho.org

Eastern Mediterranean

World Health Organization Regional Office for theEastern MediterraneanWHO Post Office, Abdul Razzak Al Sanhouri Street(opposite Children's Library), Naser CityCairo 11371, EgypteTel. +20 2 670 2535Fax +20 2 670 2492Email: [email protected]: www.who.sci.eg

Europe

World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe8, ScherfigsvejDK-2100 Copenhague Ø, DanemarkTel. +45 39 17 17 17Fax +45 39 17 18 18Email: [email protected]: www.euro.who.int

South-East Asia

World Health House, Indraprastha EstateMahatma Gandhi RoadNew Delhi 110002, IndiaTel. +91 11 337 0804 to +91 11 337 8805 ext. 26-103Fax +91 11 337 0639Email.: [email protected]: www.whosea.org/rdoc

Western Pacific

World Health Organization Regional Office for the WesternPacificP.O. Box 2932Manila 1099, PhilippinesTel. +63 2 528 80 01Fax +63 2 521 1036 ,536 0279, 536 0362Email.: [email protected]: www.wpro.who.int

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

International Agency for Research on Cancer150 cours Albert Thomas69372 Lyon Cedex 08, FranceTel. +33 4 72 73 84 85Fax +33 4 72 73 85 75Email: [email protected]: www.iarc.fr

Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS)

C.I.O.M.S.c/o World Health OrganizationCH - 1211 Geneva 27, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 791 34 06Fax +4122 791 31 11Email: [email protected]


ORDER FORM

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NIGERIA: Mr G. Obiaga, 28 OnitshaRoad, P.O. Box 370, Nnewi, AnambraState, Tel/Fax:(234) 46 460 273

NORWAY: Academic Book Center, POBox 2728, St Hanshaugen, 0131 Oslo, Tel: (47 22) 99 48 40, Fax: (47 22) 20 8971, Email: [email protected]

PERU: Euroamerican Bussiness SA, Ca.las Begonias No. 183, Dept. 202, Urb.J.C. Mariategui, Lima 35,Tel: (51 1) 725 9152, Fax: (51 1) 283 0129, Email: [email protected]

ARGENTINA: World Publications S.A. Av. Córdoba 1877, C1120 AAA BuenosAires, Tel /Fax: (54 11) 4815 81 56,Email: [email protected]

AUSTRALIA: Hunter Publications, TekImaging, 58A Gipps Street, Collingwood, VIC3066, Tel: (61 3) 9417 53 61, Fax: (61 3) 9419 71 54, Email: [email protected]

BELGIUM: Patrimoine sprl, rue du Noyer168, 1030 Bruxelles, Tel/Fax: (32 2) 736 68 47Email: [email protected].

CANADA: Canadian Public HealthAssociation, 1565 Carling Avenue, Suite 400, Ottawa, Ont. K1Z 8R1,Tél : (1 613) 725 37 69, Fax: (1 613) 725 9826, Email: hrc/[email protected]; Renouf Publishing Co. Ltd, 1-5369 Canotek Road, Ottawa, Ont. K1J 9J3,Tel: (1 613) 745 2665, Fax: (1 613) 7457660, Email: [email protected]

CAMEROON: Buma Kor & Co. Ltd, B.P. 727,40 rue Nachtigal (Montée CinémaAbbia),Yaounde, Tel/Fax: (237) 23 07 68,Email: [email protected]

CHILE: Miguel Concha S.A., Alferez Real,1414 Providencia, Casilla 7 Correo 22,Santiago de Chile, Tel: (56 2) 655 15 45, Fax: (56 2) 274 66 55,Email: [email protected]

DENMARK: Swets Blackwell AS, P.O. Box173, 1005 Copenhagen Q, Tel: (45) 39 15 79 15, Fax: (45) 39 15 79 10Email: [email protected]

EGYPT: MERIC, 2 Bahgat Aly Street, Cairo,Tel: (202) 341 38 24; Fax: (202) 341 93 55,Email:[email protected]; The Middle EastObserver, 41 Sherif Street, Cairo, Tel:392 6919, Fax 393 97 32, Email: [email protected]

FINLAND: Stockmann AkateeminenKirjakauppa, P.O. Box 23, 00381 Helsinki, Tel: (358)9 121 44 03, Fax: (358) 9 121 4450, Email: [email protected]

FRANCE: Librairie Privat-Arnette, 2 rueCasimir Delavigne, 75006 Paris, Tél: (33 1)5542 87 87, Fax: (33 1) 55 42 87 88, Email : [email protected]; Librairie Lavoisier,Technique et Documentation, 14 rue deProvigny, 94236 Cachan Cedex, Tél: (33 1)47 40 67 00, Fax: (33 1) 47 40 67 02, Email:[email protected]; E.M. Inter, Allée de laCroix-Bossée, 94234 Cachan Cedex, Tel: (331) 45 46 15 00, Fax: (33 1) 47 40 67 99, Email: [email protected]; Librairie Luginbuhl, 36boulevard de Latour-Maubourg, 75007 ParisTél : (33 1) 45 51 42 58, Fax: (33 1) 45 56 0780 Mél. : [email protected]; SaurampsMédical, 11 Bd Henri IV, 34000 Montpellier,Tél : (33 04 67) 41 39 70, Fax: (33 04 67) 52 59 05, Email: [email protected]

GERMANY: UNO -Verlag GmbH, AmHofgarten 10, 53113 Bonn, Tel: (49 228) 9490 20, Fax: (49 228) 94 90 222, Email: [email protected]; Govi-Verlag GmbH, Ginnheimerstrasse 26,

POLAND: Ars Polona, ul. KrakowskiePrzedmiescie 7, 00-950 Warszawa, Tel: (48 ) 22 826 12 01, Fax: (48) 22 826 4763, Email: [email protected]

PORTUGAL: Livraria Rodrigues, 188 Rua daOuro, 1100 Lisboa, Tel: (351 21) 342 48 57, Fax: (351 21) 343 13 02 ; Prata & RodriguesPublicaçoes, Ltda, Estrada da Luz, 90-11º H,1600-160 Lisboa,Tel: (351 21) 722 35 28/29,Fax: (351 21) 722 35 31, Email:[email protected]; LUSODOC, DocumentaçãoTécnico-Cientifica Ltda, Rua CruzadoOsberno 3,5°, Dt°, 1900 Lisboa, Tel: (351) 21 815 3312, Fax: (351) 21 8130641, Email: [email protected]

SINGAPORE: Select Books, 19 Tanglin Road,03-15 Tanglin Shopping Center, Singapore247909, Tel: (65) 732 15 15, Fax: (65) 73608 55, Email:[email protected]

SOUTH AFRICA: Democratic NursingOrganisation of South Africa (DENOSA), P.O.Box 1280, 605 Church street, Pretoria (T)0001, Tel: (27 12) 343 2315, Fax: (27 12)344 0750; Email: [email protected]

SPAIN: Librería Díaz de Santos, Lagasca, 95,P.O. Box 6050, 28006 Madrid, Tel: (34 91)781 94 80, Fax: (34 91) 575 55 63;Email:[email protected]

SWEDEN: Longus Book Imports, PO Box 50023 (Universitetsvagen 7),104 05 Stockholm,Tel: 0046-8-613 61 30,Fax: 0046-8-24 25 43, Email: [email protected]; PRIO Info Center AB,Prastgardgatan 1-3, 172 29 Sundbyberg, Tel: (46) 8 441 17 40, Fax: (46) 8 652 81 15, E.mail: [email protected]

SWITZERLAND: Huber & Lang, Hans HuberAG, Länggassstrasse 76, 3000 Bern 9, Tél: (41 31) 300 45 00, Fax : (41 31) 300 4590, Email: [email protected]

TRINIDAD & TOBAGO: Systematics StudiesLtd, St Augustine Shopping Centre, EasternMain Road, St Augustine, Tel: (1 809) 6458466, Fax:(1 809) 6458467,Email:[email protected]

UGANDA: Gustro Ltd, PO Box 9997,Kampala , Tel: (256) 41 251 467, Fax: (256) 41 251 468Email: [email protected]

UNITED KINGDOM: The Stationery OfficePublications Centre, 51 Nine Elms Lane,London SW8 5DR, Tel: (44) 0870 660 5522. Fax: (44) 0870 600 5533. Email: [email protected]

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: (Books)WHO Publications Center USA, 49 SheridanAve., Albany, NY 12210, Tel: (1-518) 4369686, Fax: (1-518) 436 74 33, Email: [email protected].

Other countries please contact:Autres pays, veuillez prendre contact avec:WHO, Marketing & Dissemination, CH-1211 Geneva 27, SwitzerlandTel: +41 22 791 24 76Fax: +41 22 791 48 57 Email: [email protected]

41

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Water, Sanitation and Health Electronic Library (WSH CD-ROM)

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