Case Study 5: The Tacos are Trouble
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Transcript of Case Study 5: The Tacos are Trouble
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The Tacos are TroubleMike and Yianni
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Debriefing •67 people (from NJ, NY, PA, DE, and SC)
became ill from November to December in 2006
•Symptoms were bloody diarrhea and severe abdominal cramps
•51 (76%) people needed to be hospitalized
• 8 (12%) developed kidney failure called hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)
• All individuals consumed raw Taco Bell food
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The Digestive System
•We believe that the patients have Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu)
•The stomach, large intestine, and rectum are affected
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Possible Culprits
•Escherichia coli
•Pseudomonas aeruginosa
•Salmonella enterica
•Staphylococcus aureus
•Streptococcus pyogenes
•Haemophilus influenzae
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Gram Test•Gram positive
•Cell wall is made of a thick layer of peptidoglycan
•Gram negative
•Thin layer of peptidoglycan
Gram positive bacteria are easier to treat than gram negative
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Results of Gram Test
• Escherichia coli
• Gram negative
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Gram negative
• Salmonella enterica
• Gram negative
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Gram positive
• Streptococcus pyogenes
• Gram positive
• Haemophilus influenzae
• Gram negative
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LET'S GO TO THE VIDEO TAPE
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Antibiotic Diameter MM Resistance
Chloramphenicol 23 Effective (Sensitive)
Penicillian 0 Not effective (Resistant)
Vancomycin 0 Not effective (Resistant)
Tetracycline 19 Effective (Sensitive)
Gentamycin 18 Effective (Sensitive)
Strepomyocin 10 Not effective (Resistant)
Possible Cures
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Our Culprit?
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Escherichia coli(E. coli)
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Information on E. coli
•Gram-negative
•Bacillus
•Rod shaped
•Not arranged in a chain
•Facultative anaerobe
•Mixed-acid fermentation
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Extra Information•Found in lower intestine of
mammals
•Live in areas with low levels of hydrogen
•When infecting the body, it produces enterotoxins
•These toxins increase the levels of cAMP in a cell
•The cell reacts by secreting water and chlorine ions
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Faecal-oral transmission
• Faecal particles are consumed
• Farm contamination due to manure fertilization
• Irrigation with contaminated water
• Consumption of:
• Contaminated water
• Raw ground beef
• Raw seed sprouts
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The Cure
•Chloramphenicol is the most effective drug at curing E. coli.
– Tetracycline and Stroptomycin can also be used to treat this E. coli infection.