Carbon Nanocapsules The Application for Lighting Dr. Haley H. Lu ( ) PhD from NTU Electro-Optical...
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Transcript of Carbon Nanocapsules The Application for Lighting Dr. Haley H. Lu ( ) PhD from NTU Electro-Optical...
Carbon NanocapsulesCarbon Nanocapsules The Application for LightingThe Application for Lighting
Dr. Haley H. Lu (Dr. Haley H. Lu ( 盧鴻智 博士盧鴻智 博士 ))
PhD from PhD from NTU Electro-Optical EngineeringNTU Electro-Optical Engineering
R&D Director of TCY-Tech Power Energy LimitedR&D Director of TCY-Tech Power Energy Limited
The Emerging Trends of LightingThe Emerging Trends of Lighting
Evolution of LightingEvolution of Lighting
Why LEDWhy LED ??Lower Energy ConsumptionLower Energy Consumption
consumes only 20~ 30% of incandescent lamps, 50% of consumes only 20~ 30% of incandescent lamps, 50% of halogen lamps. halogen lamps.
Longer Life SpanLonger Life Span 50000 ~ 100000 hours (10-12 years)50000 ~ 100000 hours (10-12 years)
Lower Light DecayLower Light Decay A well managed LED light has less than 5% light decay after A well managed LED light has less than 5% light decay after
thousands of hours operation.thousands of hours operation.
Environmental FriendlyEnvironmental Friendly No Filament – No Gas - No Mercury - No UV rays - No Plumbum No Filament – No Gas - No Mercury - No UV rays - No Plumbum
- No Hazardous Substance- No Hazardous Substance
Why LED ?Why LED ?
Eye – ProtectiveEye – Protective LED lighting is free from strobe flash lighting that LED lighting is free from strobe flash lighting that
incandescent lamps and other lamps have.incandescent lamps and other lamps have.
High BrightnessHigh Brightness A more vivid color of lighting, giving clearer A more vivid color of lighting, giving clearer
images than low brightness lampsimages than low brightness lamps
Wide Color TemperaturesWide Color Temperatures Warm white, Cool White, RGB, Ranging from Warm white, Cool White, RGB, Ranging from
2700K – 7000K2700K – 7000K
LED Key FactorsLED Key Factors
Key Factors of LED LightingKey Factors of LED LightingConstant Current Driver TechnologyConstant Current Driver Technology
Power Factor Power Factor EfficiencyEfficiency Stability in static current drivingStability in static current driving
Light DecayLight Decay Maintenance of brightness at a longer periodMaintenance of brightness at a longer period
Heat DissipationHeat Dissipation Maintaining LED junction temperature at low to Maintaining LED junction temperature at low to
increase its lifespanincrease its lifespan
Cost Cost To be Economical in Mass ApplicationTo be Economical in Mass Application
Heat Dissipation Issue ImpactsHeat Dissipation Issue Impacts
LED operation temperature rise with 2 major impacts:LED operation temperature rise with 2 major impacts:
(1) (1) Decrease luminance (LV)Decrease luminance (LV)
(2)(2) Decrease LED Lifespan Decrease LED Lifespan
Luminance decrease example (For x-brand LED Chip):Luminance decrease example (For x-brand LED Chip):While Tj is 25 (typical ambient temp.), the luminance (LV) is 100%℃While Tj is 25 (typical ambient temp.), the luminance (LV) is 100%℃
Tj rises to 75℃Tj rises to 75℃ LV reduced to 93% LV reduced to 93%
Tj reaches to 115℃Tj reaches to 115℃ LV reduces to 85% LV reduces to 85%
Tj reaches to 125℃Tj reaches to 125℃ LV reduces to 83% LV reduces to 83%
Tj reaches to 150℃Tj reaches to 150℃ LV only 80% LV only 80%
LED Junction Temperature & LED Junction Temperature & Lifespan RelationshipLifespan Relationship
TTjj v.s. LED life time (hrs) v.s. LED life time (hrs)
Lower Tj
W
> 50,00030,000
How to Disperse Excess Heat?How to Disperse Excess Heat?
Radiation/ConvectionRadiation/Convection;; Passive/active energy transmission into immediate Passive/active energy transmission into immediate
environment environment
ConductionConduction;; External heat-sink: Copper “ladder” add-on frameExternal heat-sink: Copper “ladder” add-on frame Internal heat-sink: (Copper-INVAR-Copper)Internal heat-sink: (Copper-INVAR-Copper) Thermally conductive substrate (non-metallic) Thermally conductive substrate (non-metallic) Thermally conductive insulated metal substrate (IMS)Thermally conductive insulated metal substrate (IMS)
Heat Dispersion by Heat SinkHeat Dispersion by Heat Sink
PassivePassive ActiveActive
Disadvantage of Active Heat SinkDisadvantage of Active Heat Sink
ExpensiveExpensive
BoggyBoggy
Disadvantage of Passive Heat SinkDisadvantage of Passive Heat Sink
BoggyBoggy
Depends on Depends on Thermal Convection Thermal Convection
Carbon Nanocapsules SolutionCarbon Nanocapsules Solution
Traditional Coating MaterialsTraditional Coating Materials
CeramicCeramic
Boron Nitride, BNBoron Nitride, BN
Silicon Carbide, SCSilicon Carbide, SC
Normally, reducing 3~5 ℃Normally, reducing 3~5 ℃
Carbon Nanocapsules (CNCs)Carbon Nanocapsules (CNCs)
A CNCs is made up of A CNCs is made up of concentric layers of concentric layers of polyhedral closed graphitic sheetspolyhedral closed graphitic sheets, leaving a , leaving a nano-nano-scale cavity scale cavity in its center.in its center.
The size of the CNCs ranges from a few to The size of the CNCs ranges from a few to several several tens of nanometerstens of nanometers, roughly the same as the , roughly the same as the diameters of multiwall carbon nanotubes.diameters of multiwall carbon nanotubes.
It It cancan also also be filled with metal, transitional metals or be filled with metal, transitional metals or rare earth elementsrare earth elements to to exhibit unique photonic, exhibit unique photonic, magnetic and electrical properties magnetic and electrical properties and have and have molecular structures that can be readily molecular structures that can be readily functionalized for a variety of applicationsfunctionalized for a variety of applications
PropertiesProperties
Structure: Structure: Multi-Graphene LayersMulti-Graphene Layers Size: d = 10~60 nmSize: d = 10~60 nm Aspect ratio: 1~2Aspect ratio: 1~2 Thermal Stability (OThermal Stability (O22): ): >> 600ºC600ºC Dispersion: Easy, after surface functionalized Dispersion: Easy, after surface functionalized
(40mg/ml)(40mg/ml) Disperse in: both organic and water based Disperse in: both organic and water based
solvents/materialssolvents/materials Radical Quenching Rate-(OH) (g/L)Radical Quenching Rate-(OH) (g/L)-1-1 s s-1-1 : 1.16 × 10 : 1.16 × 1088
Electric ConductivityElectric Conductivity (( RTRT )) : 10: 1022 ~ 10 ~ 1033 S/cm S/cm22
Thermal ConductivityThermal Conductivity (( RTRT )) : ~1600 w/mk: ~1600 w/mk
Radiation Heat Dissipation Radiation Heat Dissipation Technology for LEDTechnology for LED
Increasing The Radiative Increasing The Radiative Capability of Normal Heat SinkCapability of Normal Heat Sink
Heat SourceHeat Source
Heat SinkHeat SinkConductionConduction
ConvectionConvection
Without CoatingWithout Coating
Heat SourceHeat Source
Heat SinkHeat SinkConductionConduction
ConvectionConvection
With CoatingWith Coating
Radia
tion
Traditional vs CNCs CoatingTraditional vs CNCs Coating
Aluminum Heat Sink Aluminum Heat Sink (40%~60% of the BOM (40%~60% of the BOM cost)cost)
BoggyBoggy
Different Design for Different Design for Higher Power Higher Power
Aluminum Thin Plate Aluminum Thin Plate with CNCs Coating with CNCs Coating (30% of the BOM (30% of the BOM Cost)Cost)
ThinnerThinner
Same Design for Same Design for Higher PowerHigher Power
OrOr
Increasing The Radiative Increasing The Radiative Capability of Normal Heat SinkCapability of Normal Heat Sink
Up to 96%Up to 96%
Heat Dissipation Improvement by Heat Dissipation Improvement by CNCs CoatingCNCs Coating
14 W LED Module14 W LED Module
Font ViewFont View
Rear ViewRear ViewWith CoatingWith Coating Without CoatingWithout Coating
The Heat dispatching The Heat dispatching efficiency is the sameefficiency is the same
Test ReportTest Report
With CoatingWith CoatingWithout CoatingWithout Coating
Test ReportTest Report
Comparison of Comparison of Conventional LED and Spiral BulbsConventional LED and Spiral Bulbs
LED LampsLED LampsSpiral Bulbs Spiral Bulbs
PricePrice 11 2~3 ×2~3 ×
Luminous Efficiency Luminous Efficiency (lm/w)(lm/w) 60~7060~70 70-8070-80
>1500>1500 <800<800Max Luminance (lm)Max Luminance (lm)
Lifespan (hrs) Lifespan (hrs) 6,0006,000 50,00050,000
(Expensive)(Expensive)
(Not Brightness Enough)(Not Brightness Enough)
(Power Consumption)(Power Consumption)
(Shorter Lifespan)(Shorter Lifespan)
Does the LED Lamps have Does the LED Lamps have 50,000 Hours Lifespan Real ?50,000 Hours Lifespan Real ?
50,000 Hours Lifespan50,000 Hours LifespanLED ChipLED Chip
NotNot LED Lamps LED Lamps
LED Lamps LED Lamps == ChipChip ++ DriverDriver ++ Heatsink Heatsink ++ Parabolic Reflector Parabolic Reflector ++ LensLens ++ PackagePackage
The 50,000 hours lifespan is estimated not REAL ! The 50,000 hours lifespan is estimated not REAL !
Do not be fooled!Do not be fooled!
LED Lamps Lifespan EstimationLED Lamps Lifespan Estimation
Environmental Protection Environmental Protection Agency & Department of Agency & Department of Energy, USAEnergy, USA
LM-80 Test DataLM-80 Test Data
TM-21 Estimation Method TM-21 Estimation Method
Test Time : Test Time : 6,000 ~10,000 hrs6,000 ~10,000 hrsSampling Interval : Sampling Interval : 1,000 hrs1,000 hrs
The real test is just about 1~1.5 years.The real test is just about 1~1.5 years.
Consumer always say:Consumer always say:“ “ Why is the LED so easily broken?Why is the LED so easily broken?
Light RippleLight Ripple
Non-high temperature Non-high temperature Traditional LEDTraditional LED
LED Lamps ImprovementLED Lamps Improvement
With CoatingWith CoatingWithout CoatingWithout Coating
Luminous efficiency Luminous efficiency (lm/w)(lm/w) 6565 100100
15W LED Lamps15W LED Lamps 975 lm975 lm 1500 lm1500 lm
33 22Lamps Number Lamps Number
with Same with Same LuminanceLuminance
Lifespan (hrs) Lifespan (hrs) 85,00085,000 113,000113,000
Product Excellence ofProduct Excellence ofTCY-Tech’s CNCs FilmTCY-Tech’s CNCs Film
HardnessHardness(1~10)(1~10)
Film ThicknessFilm Thickness
10:Diamond9:Corundum8:Topaz7:Quartz6:Orthoclase
95% 6-9H95% 6-9H
100% 20µm100% 20µm
Excellent CNCs Film Technology !Excellent CNCs Film Technology !
Thank You Thank You !!
EMI Shielding EffectEMI Shielding Effect
Temperature MeasurementTemperature Measurement
LEDLEDPhosphoric GluePhosphoric Glue
SiliconSilicon
Heat Dissipation Film
Substrate
T1 T2 T3
Radiative Heat TransmissionRadiative Heat Transmission
Thermal radiation is generated when heat from the Thermal radiation is generated when heat from the movement of charges in the material is converted to movement of charges in the material is converted to electromagnetic radiation.electromagnetic radiation.
No medium is necessary for radiation to occur, for it No medium is necessary for radiation to occur, for it is transferred by electromagnetic waves; radiation is transferred by electromagnetic waves; radiation takes place even in and through a perfect vacuumtakes place even in and through a perfect vacuum 。。
Since the amount of emitted radiation increases with Since the amount of emitted radiation increases with increasing temperature, a net transfer of energy from increasing temperature, a net transfer of energy from higher temperatures to lower temperatures results.higher temperatures to lower temperatures results.
ComparisonComparison