CANCER – Cell Division Gone Wrong• cells that grow and divide out of

control• results in a change in DNA that

controls the cell cycle. • prevents the cell from staying in

interphase for the normal period of time.

• the cell and its daughter cells will divide uncontrollably.

• ..\Cancerous Cell Division.mht• YouTube - How cancer develops

Tumours

• Uncontrolled growth may create a rapidly growing mass of cells that form a lump, or tumour.

• Tumours may be benign or malignant. Cells in a malignant tumour are considered cancerous.

• Cancer cells may break away from the original tumour and move to a different part of the body.

• If they settle and grow in this new location, a new tumour will form.

• This is called metastasis.

Mutations• random changes that can occur in the cell’s DNA.

• can result in the death of the cell or allow it to survive and continue to grow and divide.

• If the cell cycle is abnormal, the cells may be cancerous.

CARCINOGENS

• environmental factors that cause cancer.

• Ex: tobacco smoke, radiation, some viruses, certain chemicals, organic solvents…

• Some cancers are at least partly hereditary. These include some breast cancers and colon cancers.

• The Story of Cosmetics

• http://www.cbc.ca/marketplace/2011/lousylabels/

Super foods such as these help yourbody protect itself from cancers

• Factors affecting a person’s risk of getting cancer include:– personal and family medical

history– exposure to carcinogens in

the environment– lifestyle choices, such as

eating more “super foods”– exercise

Cancer Risk Factors

Cancer Screening• checking for cancer even when no symptoms are

present. – by a doctor, such as a Pap test or blood test– genetic testing, when there is a family

history of cancer– at home, breast & testicle self examination

• screening does not prevent cancer, but increases the likelihood of early detection and successful treatment.

DIAGNOSIS

Vocabulary

Pap test

• earlier the diagnosis the better chance of treatment

• diagnostic imaging techniques include endoscopy, X-ray, ultrasound, CT scanning, and MRI.

• a sample of the cells is removed and examined under a microscope. This is called a biopsy.

Treatment• to slow down the growth of tumours or

destroy as many cancer cells as possible.

• Currently, there are three methods of conventional treatment:– surgery– chemotherapy– radiation therapy

• One new technique to fight cancer is biophotonics, which uses beams of light to detect and treat the cancer cells.