Canada Regional

Quebec

Montreal

Ontario

Toronto

Winnipeg

Athabasca

Edmonton

CalgaryVancouver

SarniaHamilton

Significance of Fishing Industry in Canada – 1 Lakh People

East Coast Fisheries – Cod, Herring

Great Lakes

West Coast Fisheries –Salmon, Halibut(60%) Labrador Cold

Current

Gulf Stream Warm Current

Significance of Forestry for – Paper Industry

Quebec and Maritime Province -Montreal

Southern Shield

British Province – 50% - Vancouver

Significance of Regional distribution of Agricultural Practice in Canada

Maritime Province – South of Ontario & Quebec – Oats as fodder for livestock

British Columbia

Prairies of Manitoba and Saskatchewan – Wheat – largest - export

HEP in Canada

Ontario

Quebec

•Provides 75% of Electricity in Canada•As a result of Ice age numerous lakes,Rapids, waterfalls

Petroleum

•Turner Valley, Southwest of Calgary in Saskatchewan -.•petroleum from the Athabasca 'tar-sands' has now been devised,

Turner Valley, Southwest of Calgary in Saskatchewan

petroleum from the Athabasca 'tar-sands‘Exprting to India & China

Natural Gas

British Columbia – Peace river

Alberta -

Gas Pipeline

Trans-Canada Gas Pipeline – Alberta to Eastern Industrial region

Trans Continental Pipeline – Alberta to Sarnia

Great Lakes Industrial Region

The region around Great Lakes is highly industrialised region of Canada. Major Industrial centres of Canada are the provinces of Quebec and Ontario—80% of Canada's industries near Montreal, Toronto, Hamilton and Windsor. And also towards west asWinnipeg, Calgary and Vancouver and Edmonton.

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Iron and Steel Industry

1. This industry operates in two main areas.

In the lowlands of Quebec and Ontario

2. Important localisation factors

(i) Large demands for steel made by other industries,

(ii) The Steel Company of Canada (STELCO) operates plants at a number of towns between Hamilton and Quebec.

(iii) The iron ore comes both from Labrador and from the STEEP ROCK

(iv) Coal from Pennsylvania ( USA ) and

(v) Limestone - from southwestern Ontario.

Sarnia

Transportation Equipment Industry

• The manufacture of cars, lorries, locomotives and rolling stock are an important industry of Canada.

• Montreal , Toronto, Hamilton, are known for automobile plants.

• Availability of steel and large_ labour force are two broad factors which help to account for the distribution of automobile industry in Canada.

• Regional centres well served by lines of Transport communication

• The first car assembly works to be established in Canada by a European firm was recently set up at Halifax by the Swedish company, Volvo.

• Local supplies of steel are an important factor in the locational factor

Ports

St. Johns

Vancouver

Churcill

Halfax

Transportation ( Ports )

Montreal, despite its inland position and the winter freeze, Canada's chief seaport.

Halifax and St. John they are ice-free throughout the year. On account of this the Canadian National Railway (CNR) was made to terminate at Halifax, while St. John is served by both the Canada National Railway (C.N.R.) and the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR).

Vancouver,grew rapidly after the completion of the C.P.R. in 1885, and increased still further in size and importance after the opening of the Panama Canal in 1914. Bulk products from the western Prairies travel to Europe more cheaply the 'long way round' via Vancouver and the Panama Canal than they would if sent by rail to the eastern .ports.

Churchill on Hudson Bay is actually the nearest port to the Prairies, but it can operate only during the three or four summer months when it is free from ice.

Iron Ore DistributionTranscontinental

Railway

Canada National Railway (CNR) – Vancouver to Halifax ( Govt. )

Canada Pacific Railway (CPR) – Vancouver to St. Johns ( Private )

St. JohnsVancouver

Halfax

• Canada now ranks in the top three diamond producers in the world (in terms of value) and North America is the second largest oil producing area after the Middle East

• North America is the third largest continent in area and is fourth in population, with 74% of its population living in urban areas

• In the United States there are 155 national forests (protected forests and woodland areas) containing almost 190 000 000 acres (769 000 km2) of land that comprise 8.5% of the total land area with Alaska alone accounting for 12% of all National Forest land

• North America holds about 13 per cent of the world's renewable freshwater (excluding glaciers and ice caps)

Regional Geography