Call for Fire
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Transcript of Call for Fire
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
Call For Call For FireFire
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
SAFETY: NONE
RISK: LOW
ENVIROMENTAL: NONE
EVALUATION: You must receive a GO on the CFF exam.
ADMINISTRATIVE DATA
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
Forward Observer
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
Fire Direction Center
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
ACTION: Request and Adjust Indirect Fires
CONDITION: In a classroom environment given a 3 hr block of instruction on call for fire
STANDARD: Request and Adjust Indirect fires. At a minimum student must use observer identification, warning order, target location, and target description and adjust the rounds using the mil-relation formula and the successive bracketing technique within 50 meters of target. IAW FM 3-09.30 (6-30).
Terminal Learning Objective
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
Enabling Learning Objective A
ACTION: Identify the six elements of the call for fire.
CONDITION: In a classroom environment, given a list of call for fire elements.
STANDARD: Identify the six elements of the call for fire IAW FM 3-09.30 (6-30).
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
SIX ELEMENTSESSENTIAL ELEMENTS
1. Identification2. Warning Order3. Target Location4. Target
Description
OPTIONAL ELEMENTS
5. Method of Engagement
6. Method of Fire and Control
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
1. IDENTIFICATION
FDC de OP1
THUNDER 30 de SPARTAN 30
ASSASIN 20 de APACHE 30
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
2. WARNING ORDER
Adjust fire
Fire For Effect
Immediate
Suppression/SMK
Suppression
GridPolarShift from Known
Point
NOTE: GRID IS A STANDARD MISSION FOR ARTILLERY AND MORTARS, SO IT
IS NOT STATED IN THE WARNING ORDER.
TYPES OF MISSIONS METHOD OF LOCATION
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
FIRST RADIO TRANSMISSION CONSISTING OF THE FIRST TWO
ELEMENTS
H39 de G40 AF K
H39 de G40 AF POLAR K
H39 de G40 AF SHIFT FROM KNPT 1 K
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
3. TARGET LOCATION3 METHODS
GRID - Min 6 digits (may send 10)
POLAR - Direction, Distance to TGT from your location, plus (U/D) altitude
SHIFT FROM KNOWN PT - Direction, R/L, Add/Drop(+/-), (U/D) altitude
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
SECOND RADIO TRANSMISSION CONSISTING OF THE THIRD ELEMENT
GRIDGrid ML234356
POLARDIRECTION 5430 DISTANCE 3200, U/D 50
SHIFT FROM KNOWN POINTDIR 1860, R/L 150, ADD/DROP(+/-) 600, U/D 40
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
4. TARGET DESCRIPTION
IZE / ELEMENT 1 / PLTS
N
A
P
OMENCLATURE / NATURE T-72 / TANK
CTIVITY STATIONARY
ROTECTION IN THE OPEN
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
THIRD RADIO TRANSMISSION CONSISTING OF THE FOURTH ELEMENT
3 T72s, 2 BMPs DUG IN K
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
5. METHOD OF ENGAGEMENT
Danger Close
Ammunition
Trajectory
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
5.METHOD OF ENGAGEMENT
What is Danger close for Artillery and Mortars?
AmmunitionWhat are some types of ammunition?
-DPICM, WP, Smoke, SADARM, Illum
TrajectoryTwo types: High Angle, Low Angle
LOW ANGLE IS STANDARD FOR ARTILLERY
DANGER CLOSE
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
6. METHOD OF FIRE AND CONTROL
W A T
WHEN READY IS STANDARD
*DOES NOT NEED TO BE ANNOUNCED*
WHEN READY(LESS CONTROL, FASTER RESPONSE)
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
METHOD OF CONTROL
W A T
AT MY COMMAND
(AMC )ABLE TO MASS FIRES AND BETTER EFFECTS
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
METHOD OF CONTROL
W A T
TIME ON TARGET
(TOT) STANDARD IS +/- 3 SEC RDS SHOULD BE IMPACTED ON THE GROUND WITH ROUNDS COMPLETE
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
QUESTIONS ?WHAT IS THE STANDARD METHOD OF TGT LOCATION?
** GRID **
WHAT IS THE STANDARD TRAJECTORY FOR ARTY?
**LOW ANGLE**
WHAT IS THE STANDARD AMMO FOR MTR AND ARTY ?
**HIGH EXPLOSIVE **
Which element of the cff do you specify ammo ?
5th ELEMENT, METHOD OF ENGAGEMENT
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
Enabling Learning Objective B
ACTION: Identify the Five Rules of Direction
CONDITION: In a classroom environment, given the five rules of directions.
STANDARD: Identify the Five Rules of Direction without use of reference material.
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
FIVE RULES OF DIRECTION
1. O
2 M
3. G
4. 10
5. 4
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
FIVE RULES OF DIRECTION
1. Observer to Target
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
FIVE RULES OF DIRECTION
1. Observer to target
2. Mils
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES00006400
0800
1600
2400
32004000
4800
5600N
2. MILS
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
FIVE RULES OF DIRECTION
1. Observer to target
2. Mils
3. Grid
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
FIVE RULES OF DIRECTION
3. GRID DIRECTION
6400 0100 0200 0300 0400 0500
0600
0700
1/50,000
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
FIVE RULES OF DIRECTION
1. Observer to target
2. Mils
3. Grid4. Nearest 10 mils
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
INCREMENTS OF TEN
0012 = 0010
= 16301631
0017 = 0020
0825 = 0820
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
FIVE RULES OF DIRECTION
1. Observer to target2. Mils3. Grid4. Nearest 10 mils
5. 4 - Digits
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
FIVE RULES OF DIRECTION
5. 4 – DIGITS/ MILS
007001000010
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
Enabling Learning Objective C
ACTION: Prepare a call for fire for a Polar Plot mission.
CONDITION: In a classroom environment given Polar Plot mission information.
STANDARD: Prepare a call for fire for a Polar Plot mission using the information given IAW FM 3-09.30 (6-30).
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
POLAR CALL FOR FIREFDC needs to know your location prior to Call for Fire
Direction (Nearest 10 mils) Distance (Nearest 100 Meters)
Change in elevation (If 35 M or greater send in increments of 5 M. If less than 35 M disregard.)
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRESDIR 1600
DIS 2200 m
ALT 200
ALT 155
FDC de OP1_________k
Dir_____Dis_____ / ___k
1 Tank STAT. I/O k
AF POLAR
1600 2200 45U
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
DIR 2100
DIS 1500 m
ALT 155
ALT 145FDC de OP1_________k
Dir_____Dis_____k
1 Tank STAT. I/O k
AF POLAR
2100 1500
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
DIS 2500
ALT 300
ALT 220FDC de OP1________ k
Dir_____Dis_____ ___k
1 Tank STAT. I/O k
AF POLAR
2510 2500 80
DIR 2510
D
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
REVIEWWHAT DOES THE FDC NEED TO KNOW PRIOR TO
POLAR MSN CFF?Your location
WHAT INCREMENTS DO YOU SEND DIRECTION ?
TEN
WHEN SENDING DISTANCE , YOU SEND IT TO THE NEAREST ?
100 METERS
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
Enabling Learning Objective D
ACTION: Prepare a call for fire using the grid method of target location.
CONDITION: Given grid mission information.
STANDARD: Prepare a call for fire using the grid method of target location with the information given IAW FM 3-09.30 (6-30).
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
CALL FOR FIREFDC de OP1 AF kGRID 123456 k1 Tank Stationary I/O k
If firing an adjust fire grid mission, the FDC requires a direction (nearest 10 mils) from the observer to the target with or prior to the first correction being sent.
The five rules of direction apply.
DIR 1200 k
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
REVIEWWhat is min# of digits required by FDC ?
6-DIGITS FDC CAN TAKE UP TO TEN
WHEN DO YOU STATE DIRECTION WITH THE GRID MISSION ?
AFTER YOUR 3rd TRANSMISSION OR BEFORE YOUR FIRST CORRECTION
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
Enabling Learning Objective E
ACTION: Prepare a call for fire using the shift from known point method of target location.
CONDITION: Given shift from known point information.
STANDARD: Prepare a call for fire using the shift from known point method of target location with the information given IAW FM 3-09.30 (FM 6-30).
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
Shift from known point format
FDC de OP1, AF Shift from kn pt___, k
DIR____L/R____+/-____U/D____, k
3 T-72 stationary, I/O, k
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
WORM FORMULAW = R x M
Used to determine the LEFT or RIGHT lateral shift from the known point to the target in meters.
“W” is the LEFT or RIGHT shift that is transmitted to the FDC.
“R” is the range from the Observer to the known point, divided by one thousand.
“M” is the difference in MILS from the known point direction and the target direction.
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
Shift From Known Point
Direction (Nearest 10 mils) (Five rules of direction apply)
Lateral shift (Minimum of 30 meters and sent to the Nearest 10 Meters)
Range (Nearest 100 Meters)
Change in elevation (If more than 35 m send in increments of 5 m. If less than 35 m disregard.)
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
DIR 1000
OBSERVER
TARGET
KN PT 1
L 70
DIR 1100
DIS 700
W = R X M
.7 x 100 L70 =
Determine the lateral shift….
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
DIR 4500
OBSERVER
TARGET
KN PT 1
L100
DIR 4580
DIS 1300
W = R X M
1.3 x 80 L 104 =L 100
Determine the lateral shift….
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
OBSERVER
KN PT 2
W = R X M 2 x 40R 80 =
DIR 1760
DIS 2000
DIR 1800
R 80
Determine the lateral shift….
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
DETERMINING RANGE CORRECTION
• The observer determines the difference (range change) in range from the known point and target.
• If the target is beyond the known point, his correction would be ADD (so many meters).
• If the target is short of the known point his correction would be DROP (so many meters).
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
DIS 1300
OBSERVER
TARGET
KNPT 1
DIS 700
Target is beyond known point.
Correction is ADD 600 meters
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
OBSERVER
TARGET
KN PT 1
DIS 1200
Target is Short known point.
Correction is DROP 700 meters
DIS 1900
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
DIRECTION 4500
DISTANCE 1700
ALT 300
OBSERVER
KN PT 1
DIRECTION 4650
DISTANCE 1500
ALT 230
FDC: H30OBS: K16
H30 de K16 AF Shift from KN Pt 1 k
DIR 4650 R 260 DROP 200 Dn 70 k
1 Tank Stationary I/O k
COMPLETE THE CALL FOR FIRE….
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
DIRECTION 0100
DISTANCE 2600
ALT 200
OBSERVER
KN PT 2
DIRECTION 0210
DISTANCE 1900
ALT100
FDC: H30OBS: K16
H30 de K16 AF Shift from Kn Pt 2 k
DIR 0100 L 210 ADD 700 UP 100 k
1 Tank Stationary I/O k
COMPLETE THE CALL FOR FIRE….
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
DIRECTION 0630
DISTANCE 2600
ALT 250
OBSERVER
KN PT 3
DIRECTION 0790
DISTANCE 1900
ALT 270
FDC: H30OBS: K16
H30 de K16 AF Shift from Kn Pt 3 k
DIR 0630 L 300 ADD 700 k
1 Tank Stationary I/O k
COMPLETE THE CALL FOR FIRE….
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
REVIEWWhen doing a shift mission, what does
W represent in the worm formula? The L/R lateral shift
What is the min. deviation correction sent? 30 meters
What does FDC need to know when doing a shift mission?
THE TGT NUMBER OR KN POINT YOU ARE SHIFTING FROM
When doing a shift mission, what does R represent in the worm
formula? Range to the Kn point from the observer and divided by 1000
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
Enabling Learning Objective F
ACTION: Identify elements of the Message To Observer (MTO).
CONDITION: Given a list of the elements of the Message To Observer (MTO).
STANDARD: Identify the elements of the Message to Observer (MTO) without the use of reference materials.
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
MESSAGE TO OBSERVER
Call sign of unit(s) to fire
Changes to Call for fire
Number of rounds per tube in FFE
Target Number
Bulls
HE/VT in effect
2 rounds
AB2001
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
Enabling Learning Objective G
ACTION: Make subsequent corrections.
CONDITION: Given a target and impacting rounds
STANDARD: Make subsequent corrections using the successive bracketing method to achieve effects within 50 meters of the target with a maximum of five rounds.
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
ADJUSTMENT PROCEDURES
The observer makes corrections to move the round to the target.
Corrections are sent to the FDC as LEFT/RIGHT to the nearest 10 meters corrections, ADD/DROP (range corrections)
NOTE: corrections less than 30 meters are not sent
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
OT FACTORThe OT Factor is used to determine the
LEFT/RIGHT deviation correction.To determine the OT factor when the OT
range is greater than 1000 meters, the range from the observer to the target (OT distance) is divided by 1000 and expressed as a whole number,if it ends in a .5 round to the nearest even whole number.(I.e. 1.5 is 2)
For an OT range less than 1000 meters, the distance is divided by 1000 and expressed as a decimal/number (i.e. 0.7).
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
OT FACTOR
OT DISTANCE
4000 = 4 3500 = 3.5 2500 = 2.5 1500 =1.5900 =.9
OT FACTOR
= 4= 4= 2= 2= .9
NOTE: USE ARTILLERY EXPRESSION WHEN DETERMINING OT FACTOR
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
OT FACTOR
OT DISTANCE
9500 = 9.58500 = 8.5
2600 = 2.6
6500 =6.53400 =3.4
OT FACTOR
= 10= 8= 3= 6= 3
NOTE: USE ARTILLERY EXPRESSION WHEN DETERMINING OT FACTOR
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
SPOTTINGBy using the reticle pattern inside a pair
of military binoculars or the Hand method the observer can determine the number of mils between the impacting round and the target (DEVIATION CORRECTION).
The spotting is the number of mils between the round and the target that is measured with the binocular reticle pattern or the Hand method.
The reticle tick marks are in increments of 10 mils.
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542
Spotting
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
DEVIATION CORRECTION To determine the deviation
correction you must multiply the spotting times the OT Factor
OT DISTANCE (METERS)
OT FACTOR
SPOTTING DEVIATION CORRECTION
4000
2500
3400
1500
4
2
3
2
45R
100L
20L
20R
L 180
R 200
R 60
L 40
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542
OT 2
CORR= L60
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542
OT 2
CORR= R80
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542
OT 1Deviation corrections
less than 30 not sent CORR= L20
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
HAND METHOD TO DETERMINE SPOTTING
300 Mils 180 Mils 125 Mils 100 Mils 70 Mils 30 Mils
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
RANGE CORRECTIONSSuccessive Bracketing
Range corrections are based on whether the round impacts OVER or SHORT of the target.
The first range correction is based on the FO's best judgment as to the correct range change.
The goal is to establish a bracket, that is, one round OVER and one round SHORT of the target.
As the bracket is established, the FO continues to split his bracket in half.
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
FIRST ROUND IMPACTS APROX 250 METERS OVER THE TGT
DROP 400
ADD 200
DROP 100
ADD 50FFE
SUCCESSIVE BRACKETING
HALF YOUR RANGE CORRECTION EACH TIME
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
REVIEW
YOU’VE SPOTTED A PLATOON ASSEMBLY AREA IN THE OPEN LOCATED, AT VICINITY GRID
675201,WITH A DIRECTION OF 2810.
“See notes below for answer”
NOTE you can send direction after the third transmission
or along with your first adjustment correction…..
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542
CORR = L80 DROP 400k
R40OT 2
DIR 2810
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542
CORR = R 40 ADD 200 k
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542
2
CORR = L 40 DROP 100 k
OT X SPOT
R 20
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542
2 X
CORR = ADD 50 FFE k
OT X SPOT
R 10
Deviation corrections less than 30 not sent
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542
END OF MSN, TGT DESTROYED
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
REVIEW
YOUR AT A RD INTERSECTION, YOU SPOT AN ENEMY OP IN THE TREELINE AT A DISTANCE OF 4100M. YOUR SMALL ARMS WPNS CANNOT RANGE IT. YOUR DIRECTION TO THE OP IS 0800 mils. YOU ARE AT VICINITY GRID 246810.
FDC de OP1 AF POLAR kDIR. 0800 DIS. 4100 k
ENEMY OP IN TREELINE k
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
REVIEWYou have been sitting on an OP all day and you have destroyed several targets and established known points on the battlefield . You observed a T-72 dug in.
AB3000
Grid 345753DIR 1400DIS 2000ALT 100
TARGET
Grid 348755DIR 1480DIS 2400ALT 200
OP LOC
Grid 353801Alt 250
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
CALL FOR FIRE
FDC de OP1 AF Shift From AB3000k
DIR 1480 R 160 ADD 400 UP 100 k 1 T-72 dug in k
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542
CORR = R 8 0 DROP 400 k
2OT
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542
CORR = DROP 200 k
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542
CORR = L 4 0 ADD 100 k
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542
CORR = DROP 50 FFE k
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542
END OF MSN, TGT DESTROYED
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
QUESTIONS??????
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
REVIEWWhen do send your location for a Polar msn
BEFORE you initiate your call for fire..
How do you make deviation corrections?
OT factor X Spotting
Your OT distance is 3500 meter what is your
OT factor 4.
Distance to the Kn Pt is 3500M….M is 100m What is the lateral shift in meters
350 meters.
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
REVIEW
What’s the standard trajectory for Artillery LOW ANGLE
When using the Hand Method what does 2 fingers represent. 70 mils
FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES
END OF MISSIONTerminal Learning Objective
ACTION: Request and Adjust Indirect Fires.
CONDITION: In a classroom environment given a 3hr block of instruction on call for fire.
STANDARD: Request and Adjust Indirect fires. At a minimum student must use observer identification, warning order, target location, and target description and adjust the rounds using the mil-relation formula and the successive bracketing technique within 50 meters of target. IAW FM 3-09.30 (6-30).