California Earthquakes Through an historical perspective.
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Transcript of California Earthquakes Through an historical perspective.
![Page 1: California Earthquakes Through an historical perspective.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051401/56649eb15503460f94bb7d57/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
California Earthquakes
Through an historical perspective
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San Francisco
Loma Prieta
San Fernando
Northridge
Long Beach
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1933 Long Beach Earthquake
• March 10,1933, 5:54 PM• Mw = 6.4• Right lateral slip along Newport-Inglewood
Fault• No surface rupture• 120 fatalities• 50 million dollars in damage
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Newport-Inglewood Fault
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Franklin Junior High School120 schools destoyed; 70 damaged
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Collapse of unreinforced masonry structures
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Pile of Bricks
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Collapse of Unreinforced Masonry School
• 5 teachers killed• Field Act passed• Gave the state authority to supervise
structures built for schools
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1971 San Fernando Earthquake
• February 9, 1971, 6:01 AM• Thrust fault dipping to the north• 12 miles of surface rupture• Maximum displacement of 6 feet• 65 fatalities• 500 million dollars of damage
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Location, San Fernando Valley
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• Cross-sections of the San Fernando and Northridge earthquakes.
San Fernando Valley Earthquakes
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Dam: end terminus of the Los Angeles water system; 80 % of LA’s water
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Shaking caused landslide
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80,000 people below
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House over Garage
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Veterans Hospital
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Olive-View Hospital (soft story collapse)
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1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake
• October 17, 1989; 5:04 PM• Mw = 6.9• Oblique movement on the San Andreas Fault• Maximum offset of 3-4 feet• ~ 25 miles of fault plane movement• 15 seconds of shaking• 6-10 billion dollars of damage
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Earth Materials
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The Northridge Earthquake
• January 17. 1994, 4:31 am• Epicenter: 1 mile SW of Northridge• Magnitude: Mw 6.7• Type of fault: blind thrust, the Pico Thrust• Hypocenter: 18.4 km• Deaths: 57• 1500 seriously injured• Cost: 15 billion dollars
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The mountains are the surface expression of the fault. This fault was unknown before this earthquake.
Northridge Earthquake
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Collapse of Soft Story
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Failure of Reinforced Concrete Structures
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Rebuilt Olive-view Hospital
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Success of retrofitted URM
structures
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Change in how earthquake insurance is distributed.