G cimphnbcacci(Conusspp)tivnhVn Phong, Khnh Hang Thy Bnh v CTV82G Thnh phn loi h tm he (Penaeidae) Khnh HaL Th Hng M v CTV92G Xydngcyphtsinhchngloiphntcacci(conus spp.) vng bin Nam Trung b, Vit NamPhm Thu Thy v CTV99G Tnh hnh nghin cu h c c (Ariidael. s. berg, 1958)Trn Vn Phc110G IsolationandscreeningofmarineBacillusstrainsas biocontrol agents against pathogenic Vibrio in black tiger shrimp in central VietnamNguyn Vn Duy v CTV120G nhhngcatinhbtbintnhnchtlngca surimi c H bo qun ngThi Vn c130G Lm pht v tnh trng ngho ca h gia nh ng dn ti khu vc duyn hi Nam Trung bPhm Hng Mnh138VAN E TRAO OIG M hnh sn xut thng d v h thng thng tin a lPhm Vn Thng149G V n an to n lao ng c a ngh nui tm H m l ng trn bi n th x Cam Ranh Nguyn c S158G Thnh tu gim ngho ca mt s quc gia trn th gii: Bi hc kinh nghim cho Vit NamPhm Hng Mnh163G D-acid Amin trong thc phm Nguyn Minh Tr v CTV173Cc vn c bn v nng lc nh bt trong ngh cL Kim Long185TIN TC - S KIEN 192S 3/2011TONG BIEN TAP:fS. HO/NG HO/ HONGPHO TONG BIEN TAP:PGS.fS. PH/l HUNG fH/NGBAN BIEN TAP: PGS.fS. NGUYLN fH| Kll /NH fS. NGUYLN HUU DUNG fS. fP/N D/NH Gl/NG fS. lL V/N H/O fS. NGUYLN fH| HlLN fhS. NGUYLN flLN HO/ PGS.fS. O fH| HO/ fS. HO/NG HO/ HONG PGS.fS. l/l V/N HUNG fS. PH/N fPONG HUYLN PGS.fS. CU/CH lNH llLN GS. fS. fP/N fH| lUYLN PGS.fS. NGO /NG NGHl/ PGS.fS. NGUYLN V/N NH/N PGS.fS. fP/N Gl/ fH/l PGS.fS. PH/l HUNG fH/NG fS. HO/NG V/N flNH PGS.fS. fP/NG Sl fPUNGTH KY:CN. PH/l NGOC BlCHToa soan:Trng ai hoc Nha Trang,So 02 Nguyen nh Chieu,TP. Nha Trang - Khanh Hoaien thoai :058.2220767Fax:058.3831147E-mail:khcndhts@dng.vnn.vnGiay phep xuat ban:112/GP-BVHTT ngay 10/4/2003Che ban tai: Phong Khoa hocCong nghe & Hp tac Quoc te - Trng ai hoc Nha TrangIn tai: Cong ty co phan In va Thng mai Khanh HoaSo 08 Le Thanh Ton - Nha TrangTAP CHKHOA HOC -CONG NGHE THUY SANTP CH CA TRNG I HC NHA TRANGISSN 1859 - 2252MUC LUCTap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 2011fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NG O 3NGHIN CU QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT SURIMI T C M HOA (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis)STUDY ON SURIMI PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY FROM BIGHEAD CARP (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis)Nguyn Anh Tun (1), Nguyn Xun Duy (1*), Nguyn Bo (1), Phm Th Hin (1),Nguyn Hng Ngn (1) v o Trng Hiu (2) 1Khoa Ch bin - Trng i hc Nha Trang2Cc Ch bin, Thng mi nng lm thy sn v Ngh mui, B NN & PTNT *Email tc gi lin lc: duy.ntu.edu@gmail.comTM TT: Surimi l sn phm c sn xut t tht c. Theo truyn thng nguyn liu dng sn xut surimi ch yu t ngun c bin. Tuy nhin, s khai thc qu mc cng vi phng php khai thc khng ph hp lm cho ngun nguyn liu ny c nguy c cn kit trong thi gian gn y. Sn xut surimi t c nc ngt vn cn mi m v l mt trong nhng hng mi trong cng ngh sn xut surimi. Bi bo ny trnh by nhng kt qu nghin cu sn xut surimi t c M hoa, mt loi c nc ngt, ang c nui thng phm nhiu ni. Chng ti xc nh c nhng thng s k thut quan trng trong quy trnh cng ngh sn xut surimi t c M hoa nh sau: qu trnh ra c thc hin trong ba ln: ln 1 s dng dung dch NaCl 0,2%; ln 2 dng dch a xt acetic 0,01% v ln 3 dng nc thng. Thi gian mi ln ra v t l dung dch ra so vi tht c l 20 pht v 7:1 (v/w). Thi gian p tch nc l 30 pht. Ph gia s dng bao gm ng 4%, sorbitol 4%, tari K7 0,3%. Qu trnh to gel c thc hin nhit 0 - 50C trong 24 gi. Surimi c sn xut ra c cht lng m bo v sinh v an ton thc phm.T kha: Surimi, quy trnh, c M hoa, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis ABSTRACT Surimi is a product from sh meat. Traditionally, materials for producing surimi are mainly from marine sh. However, overcatch and concominant with incorrect catching methods have resulted in risk of shortage of this recource recently. Surimi production from freshwater sh is still new and is one of new trends in surimi technology. This article presents research results in producing surimi from bighead carp, a kind of freshwatersh,iscomerciallyculturingatmanyplaces.Wedeterminedtheimportanttechnicalfactorsofsurimiproduction process from bighead carp as follows: using NaCl 0.2% for the rst washing, acetic acid 0.01% for the second washing and freshwater for the third washing. Duration for each washing time and ratio of washing solution and sh meat were 20 minutes and 7:1 (vol./wt.).Dewater duration was 30 minutes. Addtitives were used, including sugar 4%, sorbitol 4% and tari K7 0.3%. Gel setting process was carried out from 0 to 5oC for 24 hours. Surimi produced from this process had quality meet food safety and higene standards.Keywords: Surimi, process, bighead carp, Hypophthalmichthys nobilisfHONG B/O KHO/ HOCTap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 20114 O fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NGI. T VN Surimilchtnnproteinquantrng sn xut cc sn phm m phng. Cc chuyn gia FAO trong lnh vc thc phm nhn nh rng: surimi l c s thc phm trong tng lai (Trn Th Luyn, 2004). Nhiu cng trnh nghin cuvcngnghsnxutsurimitccloi nguyn liu thy sn khc nhau, c bit l t c bin c thc hin (Trn Th Luyn, 2006, 2004). Tuy nhin, nghin cu sn xut surimi t cc loi c nc ngt cn rt hn ch, c bit surimi t c M mi c nghin cu bc u. C M l loi c n tp c kh nng sinh trng pht trin rt mnh, nng sut cao nhng cha cnuiquymlnvthtccmitanh khcngitiudngchpnhn.Vvy, cn nghin cu sn xut cc sn phm c gi tr gia tng t c M (surimi v cc sn phm m phng)thcynghnuicM,adng ha sn phm v nng cao thu nhp cho ngi nng dn l vn cn quan tm. Mc tiu ca nghin cu ny l xy dng quy trnh cng ngh sn xut surimi t c M, gp phn gia tng gi tr cho i tng nguyn liu ny.II. I TNG, VT LIU V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU1. i tng v vt liu nghin cuitngnghincuchnhlcMhoa (Hypophthalmichthysnobilis)cnuiti Din Khnh, Khnh Ha. Cc ph gia s dng trong nghin cu ny gm ng, sorbitol dng lng(nng70%),muiNaClvaxtacetic(d =1,05 g/ml), cc hai loi ha cht ny u p ng yu cu s dng trong thc phm. Ha cht s dng trong phn tch cc ch tiu protein, cht bo, gluxit, NH3, histamin v cc ch tiu vi sinh vt thuc loi tinh khit, p ng yu cu phn tch.2. Quy trnh ch bin surimi d kinQuytrnhchbinsurimicthchin theo quy trnh ca Trn Th Luyn (2004) trn i tng c bin v c mt vi s hiu chnh nh. Cc thng s k thut ca quy trnh c nghin cuvxcnhphhpviitngcM hoa. Tm tt quy trnh nh sau: Nguyn liu X l Ra 1 Ra 2 Ra3ptchncPhitrnphgia Nghin gi nh hnh Cp ng Bo qun. 3. Phn tch cc cm quan v vt lnhgiccchtiucmquantheo phng php c m t bi Nguyn Th Thc (2000).Hingcmquancxydng gm5ngi(3nv2nam).Hchun luynvototrongthigiantnht2tun vccknngnhgisurimitrckhitham gia chnh thc vo hi ng nh gi. Gi tr pH c xc nh theo tiu chun ngnh s 28 TCN 119:1998sdngthitbopH(420A,Orion, USA).Chtiutpchtvdocngc xc nh theo 28 TCN119:1998. chc ca gel cxcnhtheophngphpcmt bi V Thanh Trc (2010) s dng thit b o chc gel (Sun Rheo meter, CR-500DX, Japan). Musccxcnhtrnthitbomu(Chroma meter, CR-400, Minolta, Osaka, Japan). trng c tnh ton theo Park (2005).4. Phn tch cc ch tiu ha hcHmlngmvtrocxcnhtheo AOAC 950.46 v AOAC 923.03 (1995). Xc nh hmlngproteintheoTCVN4321-1(1997), hm lng cht bo c xc nh theo phng phpcaFolch(1957)vhmlnggluxit cthchintheophngphpcaDubois (1956)sdngmyohpthuquanghc(SpectrophotometryDR4000,Hatch,USA). HmlngNH3cxcnhtheoSMEWW 417B(1985).Histamincphntchtrnh thng HPLC (Shimadzu, CBM-10A, Japan).Tap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 2011fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NG O 55. Phn tch cc ch tiu vi sinh vtTng vi sinh vt hiu kh (TPC) c phn tchtheoTCVN4884:2005;Coliformstheo TCVN6848:2007;EscherichiacolitheoTCVN 6846:2007;StaphylococcusaureustheoTCVN 4830:2005;SalmonellatheoTCVN4829:2005; Vibrio parahaemolyticus theo 3349/Q-BYT/2001; VibriocholeraetheoISO/TS21872-1:2007;ShigellatheoTCVN5287:1994;Listeriamonocytogenes theo TCVN 7700-1:2007. 6. X l s liu thng kCcsliuthnghimctinhnhlp lithainbalnmbonhgis khc bit c ngha v mt thng k. Php kim nhTurkeysHSDcthchintheosau phn tch ANOVA kim chng s khc nhau c ngha (p < 0,05). Ton b s liu c x l trn phnmm Statistica 9.0 (Stasoft, Tulsa, Ok, USA). III. KT QU NGHIN CU V THO LUN1. Xc nh nng NaCl cho ln ra 1NaClcnhhngnchcgelca surimi (GS) nh c trnh by trong hnh 1. Khi tng nng NaCl t 0,1% ln 0,2% th GS tng ln ng k (p < 0,05), t 326 ln 379 g/cm. Tuy nhin,nutiptctngnngNaClthGS li gim. Gi tr GS nng NaCl 0,5% gim chcn311g/cm,gitrnyththpngk(p < 0,05) so vi gi tr ca n ti nng mui 0,2%. S dng NaCl trong cng on ra c tc dng hai mt. NaCl c th lm tng chc ca gel nhng ng thi nu s dng khng hp l cthdnntcdngngc.Tcdnghai mtcavicsdngNaCltrongcngon ratrongcngnghsnxutsurimic cp n bi Park (2005). Tc dng ci thin chc ca gel surimi c th l do NaCl c tc dnglmtngtnhnnhcaprotein.Cng onralmttrongnhngcngonquan trngnhttrongcngnghsnxutsurimi nhm loi b cc protein ha tan m ch yu l sarcroplasmic. Sarcroplasmic l mt loi protein chim khong 23,5 % tng s cc protein trong c tht c, c tc dng cn tr qu trnh to gel, iu ny dn n lm gim GS. Cng theo Park (2005)thmyobrillarlproteinsicckh nng hnh thnh mng li gel ba chiu, chim khong 70% tng s protein trong tht c. Do , cngonranhmgimhmlngprotein ha tan sarcroplasmic ng thi lm tng nng myobrillar ln, dn n ci thin chc ca gel surimi.KhitngnngNaCltrongncra lnhn0,2%,ngoivicgimkhnngkhsarcroplasmiccn lm gim hiu qu kh cht bo. Cc ht m v cc phn t sarcroplasmic c gi li s lm cn tr qu trnh to gel cho surimi.Dochcgelsurimigim.Tkt qu nghin cu ny cho thy s dng nng NaCl 0,02% c l l mt s la chn thch hp cho cng on ra 1.2. Xc nh nng a xt acetic cho ln ra 2nhhngcanngaxtacetic(AA) lnchccagelnhcthhintrong hnh 2. Khi nng AA tng t 0,01% n 0,05% th GS surimi s gim ng k (p < 0,05), t 592 g.cm xung cn 274 g.cm. iu ny c th c lgiildokhitngnng AAlmtngcc nhm cc tnh, gy ct mch peptit, cc lin kt hydro cng b ct mch. Do , di v lin kt gia cc phn t protein vi nhau gim, kt qu lm GS gim. Ngoi ra, khi tng nng AA lm cho pH mi trng gim xung xa pH trung tnh, ccphntproteinbratrivonccng nhiu,lmgimnngmyobrillartrongtht c, iu ny cng gp phn lm gim GS. Trn Th Luyn (2004) bo co nng AA thch Tap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 20116 O fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NGHnh 1. nh hng ca nng NaCln chc ca gel surimiHnh 2. nh hng ca nng a xt aceticn chc ca gel surimihp cho ln ra 2 i vi c bin (c nhm, c, mi v sm thc) dao ng t 0,007 - 0,008%. T kt qu t c nh c th hin trong hnh 2, chng ti chn nng AA cho ln ra 2 l 0,01% tin hnh cc thc nghim tip theo. 3. Xc nh thi gian ranh hng ca thi gian ra n chc gel ca surimi c trnh by trong hnh 3. Kt qunghincuchothythigianracnh hngngk(p 100g) n kch thc thng phm (> 700g), rt t h ng tm t giai on hu u trng (Puerulus) n giai on ging. i vi cc h nui c, kch thc th ging t 10 - 12cm.2.4. Lng nui Lngnuigmcclngni.Lilngthngcchngbngkhungvphao.Khung lngc lm bngg chu mn. S lngnuiton vng l 403. S lngnui/bt 9 - 77 lng (trung bnh 23 lng/b). S h nui c t 30 - 40 lng chim a s (66,4%) (Bng 2). Din tch lng dao ng t 9 - 16m2 (trung bnh 12.5m2). Nhn chung, quy m nui ti y ln hn so vi mt bng chung nhng vng nui khc ti cc tnh ven bin min Trung l 16 lng/b vi din tch trung bnh11.4m2 (Ly, 2009).Bng 2. Thng tin b nui ca cc h phng vn (n=15)S lng/b Tng s bDin tch trung bnh/lng (m2) T l (%)< 10 1 14.0 6.715 - 20 4 10.8 20.030 - 40 9 11.2 66.4> 40 1 14.0 6.7C th phn chia hot ng nui ti khu vc nghincuthnh2giaionchnh.Giaion ng t con non n giai on ging vi kch thc mt li 2a = 0,5 - 1,0cm, giai on nui thng phm vi kch thc 2a = 2,0 - 4,0 cm. Trn thc t, ph thuc nhiu yu t, c bit l nng lc qun l, mi h thc hin mt tin trnh nuikhcnhauquanhiugiaionihis thay i mt th nui, kch thc li v kch thc mt li. 2.5. Thi gian nuiThngthngmavthgingtmbt utthng12.Thigiannuitmhm(ch tnhchotmhmbng)nkchcthng phm trung bnh l 19 thng ko di hn so vi cc vng nui khc ti cc tnh min Trung l 16 thng(Ly,2009).ivic,thgingrirc quanh nm vi thi gian nui c m 12 thng v c gi l 10 thng.2.6. Thc nTng t cc vng nui tm hm khc ti VitNam,thcnsdngtrongnuibch yu ti vng bin Tn Thnh l c tp, gip xc v nhuyn th (Tun, 2004; Tuan & Mao, 2004; Nha,2006;Hungvcngs,2008,Ly,2009). Ctpbaogmclit(ponysh),csn(red big-eye),cmi(lizardsh),ch(hairtail)v ccm(anchovy),kthpviccloigip xcnhcua(crabs),gh(swimmingcrab),v mtlngtnhuynthnhs(cockles),hu(oyster),vmxanh(greenmussel).Tnm 2010, mt s h s dng thc n vin trong nuicgigiaiongingtuy nhinslng ny chim t l khng cao (6.7%). Thc n c chonnguynconhaybmnhtytheogiai onphttrincaitngnuivkchc thc n. Tap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 201116 O fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NG Ngun cung cp thc n ch yu da vo khai thc ti a phng v cc vng bin ln cn. Tuy nhin vi s lng b gia tng hin nay, mt s h phi hp ng mua ph liu t cc nh my ng lnh p ng nhu cu. Theo nh gi ca ngi nui, cht lng thc n tng i tt tuy nhin ngun cung cp thc n khng n nh dn n vic gi tng cao khi s lng khng p ng, c bit vo ma ma bo. Tm hm v c bin c cho n 2 ln/ngy (ln 1: 7 - 8h sng, ln 2: 3 - 4h chiu). Lng thc n ln 1 chim 30% vln 2 chim 70% tng lng thc n. Khi cho n thc n c ri u quanh lng hay vo mt v tr nht nh.Trong nui lng bin s dng c tp vi FCR cao (20 - 30) l nguyn nhn gy ra mt s vn v cht lng nc nh tng hm lng nit trong nc bin vt qu tiu chun cho php trong nui trng thy sn (0.5mg/L) ti mt vi khu vc nui tm hm lng thuc vng bin Xun T, Khnh Ha (Tun, 2004; Hung v cng s, 2008). ng thi s dng c tp cng l nguyn nhn to c hi tt cho cc tc nhn gy bnh pht trin m in hnh l dch bnh tm saxy ra cui nm 2006 u nm 2007 gy thit hi ln cho cc h nui ti cc tnh ven bin min Trung (Hung v cng s, 2008). Cc vn ny cho thy vic s dng c tp l ngun thc n ch yu s gy nh hng bt li n mi trng nc to c hi xy ra dch bnh. iu ny s khng m bo ngh nui b pht trin lu di.Hnh 3. Khu vc b nui Hnh 4. Chun b c tp lm thc n2.7. Tnh hnh dch bnh ca cc i tng nuiQuaiutrachothybnhchyuxut hintrntmhm,cbintxuthinbnh. Bnhtmhmbtuxyranhiutnm 2007 tr li y. Cc bnh thng gp l bnh tmsa,bnhenmang,bnhthn,bnh mn ui v bnh long u (Bng 3). Trong bnhtmsalbnhnguyhimnhtxyra ti y (t l gy cht 80 - 90%). Theo Hung v cng s (2008) bnh ny c xem l loi bnh nghimtrngnhtgpphiivinghnui tm hm lng v l nguyn nhn lm gim ng ksnlngtmhmt1.900tnnm2006 xung cn 1.400 tn nm 2007 ti cc tnh ven bin min Trung. Mc d, c php iu tr tnm2007nhngthcttivngbinTn Thnh cc h nui khng p dng phng php Tap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 2011fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NG O 17ny phng v tr bnh tm sa m nguyn nhn do a phn ngi nui ch yu da theo kinh nghim x l bnh. i vi cc bnh tm hm hu ht ngi nui u cha c phng php trringchotngloibnh.Khitmbmttrongccloibnhtrnnginuithngsdng thuc ng rut kt hp thuc b ca ngi (Oxytetracylin, B-Enro, Cotrim, Tetracylin) cng vivitamin C tr bnh. Theo kt qu phng vn, phng php tr bnh ny ch c hiu qu phng bnh cho nhng c th cha b bnh (hiu qu phng bnh 70 - 90%) cn cc c th b bnh th khng c hiu qu (t l cht 100%).Bng 3: Mt s bnh thng gp trn tm hm nui ti vng bin Tn Thnh (n=15)Loi bnhGiai on tm b bnhDu hiu bnh l trn tm nui Mc nh hngT l b nui nhim bnh (%)Tm sa Tm con, tm trng thnhBng tm c mu trng sa, tch by, tm phn x chm.Gy cht ri rc n hng lot100en mang Tm con, tm trng thnhMang tm thi ra v c mu nu vng b tn thng.Gy cht ri rc n hng lot20.0 thn Tm con, tm trng thnh vng gip u ngc hay vng bng sau mu lan dn ton thn tm.Gy cht ri rc n hng lot 40.0Long u Tm con, tm trng thnhPhn gip u ngc v phn thn long ra, c cht dch bn trong khu vc nyGy cht ri rc n hng lot 6.7Mn ui Tm con, tm trng thnhui tm b n mn, bnh nng ui c th b ctGy cht ri rc 13.3Ghi ch:- Tm con: kch thc t 3 - 7cm (theo cch xc nh ca ngi nui).- Tm trng thnh: khi lng > 0,5kg (theo cch xc nh ca ngi nui).Tngtnhccvngnuikhc,vic gia tng bnh trn tm hm vng bin Tn Thnh cthdosgiatngslnglngnui,mt lng nui qu cao dn n mi trng nc kmchtlngtochichodchbnhxy ra (Hung v cng s, 2008). iu ny cho thy, do cha c quy hoch vng nui cng nh hnh thc qun l ph hp nn ngi nui khng th kim sot c dch bnh xy ra.3. nh gi s b hiu qu kinh t ca hot ng nui lngQua iu tra cho thy, a s ngi nui ch thng k kinh t cho nui tm hm. Ngc li, h khng thng k s liu i vi c bin do c bin c thu hoch theo tng t ri rc. Ch tnhringnm2009,snlngtmhmca cchnuitckhong23.600kg(nng sut bnh qun 66.5 kg/lng) vi gi bn ti b 780.000 VN/kg. So vi gi thnh sn xut l 630.000VN/kgthascchnuiuc livimclinhunt10.9triuVN/lng (Bng 4). Nh vy, hot ng nui b em li mc li nhun khng nh cho cc h nui. Kt qu nghin cu cho thy tt c cc h nui u c li v khng c trng hp no b thua l.Tap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 201118 O fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NG4. nh gi xu hng v kh nng pht trin ngh nui b ti vng bin Tn ThnhDongungingtmhmkhanhim,gi caocngvitnhhnhdchbnhgiatngnh hinnaynnmtshangcxuhng chuynsangnuicgivichiphthp,thi giannuingn(10thng),tcsinhtrng nhanh cng nh kh nng chng chu vi iu kin mi trng tt hn so vi tm hm.Sovicchotngthysnkhcnh nuitmsbnthmcanhhaykhaithcthy snthnghnuib(tmhm,cgi)cli th hn v sc hp dn ti chnh v kinh t - x hi(Hambreyvcngs,2001).Thctcho thy, li nhun em li t ngh nui b ti y l khng nh nn hot ng ny ti vng bin Tn Thnh v ang gia tng nhanh chng, trung bnh 16.6%/nm trong 5 nm tr li y. Kt qu nghin cu cho thy, s gia tng ny mang tnh t pht khng theo quy hoch. Bn cnh , c ch qun l khng r rng v khng c c quan chu trch nhim qun l c th hot ng ny. V vy, iu cn thit hin nay l cn c cc bin php qun l hot ng nui b thch hp.Nhcptrn,vihintrngpht trinnghnuibhinnaytivngbinthn TnThnh,cnthitphicccnhgichi tit hn v hin trng nui ti y duy tr hot ng ny pht trin lu di. ng thi, cn nh gi sc ti mi trng ca vng bin xc nh kh nng pht trin ngh nui b trong gii hn cho php. IV. KT LUN V KHUYN NGHCc kt qu nghin cu ban u cho php a n mt s kt lun v xut v hin trng nuibtivngbinthn Tn Thnh,xNinh ch, huyn Ninh Ha nh sau:1. Kt lun-Trnhhcvncanginuikhng cao v hu nh khng c trnh chuyn mn. Kthutnuipdnghintichyutvic hc hi ln nhau v t kinh nghim ca cc vng nui khc.- C gi v tm hm bng l hai i tng c nui nhiu nht (vi t l tng ng 80% v 60%) bn cnh cc i tng khc nh: tm hm tre, tm hm xanh, tm hm , c m v cchimvyvng.Hnhthcnuichyuti y l nui n tng i tng. - Lng nui bao gm cc lng ni c kch c trung bnh 12.5m2. S lng nui ton vng l 403 vi s lng nui/b trung bnh l 23. -Ngungingtmhmclytia Bng 4. Mt s ch tiu kinh t tnh trn 12.5m2 lng nui tm hm (n=15)Ch tiu n v tnh Gi trDin tch trung bnh lng m212.50Chi ph u t trung bnh/lng triu VN 6.00Chi ph sn xut trung bnh/lng/v triu VN 44.40Sn lng trung bnh/lng/v Kg 66.50Gi thnh sn xut bnh qun triu VN 0.63Gi bn bnh qun ti b triu VN 0.78Doanh thu trung bnh lng/v triu VN 55.30Li nhun trung bnh lng/v triu VN 10.90Tap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 2011fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NG O 19phng,gingcbinccungcptcc aph ngkhc.Kchcthgingtmhm t 100g tr ln, kch thc th ging c bin t10 - 12cm. Ngi nui ch nh gi cht lng congingtheokinhnghimcabnthnv khng thc hin bt k hnh thc kim dch no.-Mavthgingtmhmbtut thng 12 vi thi gian nui ko di 19 thng. i vicbin,gingcthnuirircquanh nm vi thi gian nui c m 12 thng v c gi l 10 thng.- Thc n c s dng ch yu l c tp, c cho n 2 ln/ngy. Khi cho n thc n c ri u quanh lng hay vo mt v tr nht nh.-Bnhxuthinchyutrntmhmt nm 2007, c bin t xut hin bnh. Ngi nui ch yu tr bnh da trn kinh nghim ca bn thn.-Snlngtmhmcacchnuit ctrongnm2009khong23.600kg(nng sut trung bnh 66.5 kg/lng). a s cc h nui u c li vi mc li nhun bnh qun t 10.9 triu VN/lng. 2. Khuyn ngh- Cn c cc lp tp hun v k thut nui lng cho ngi nui c bit l k thut phng tr bnh trn tm hm.-Cncccnghincuchitithnv nh gi tc ng ca hot ng nui lng n khacnhkinht,xhivmitrngnhm m bo vic pht trin lu di hot ng nui lng ti y.- Cn thit nh gi sc ti mi trng ca vng bin nhm xc nh gii hn cho php vic pht trin nui b.- bo m ngh nui b pht trin lu di cn quy hoch vng nui ng thi cn c hnh thc qun l thch hp i vi hot ng ny.TI LIU THAM KHO 1.L Anh Tun, 2004. Cc ngun dinh dng v vn mi trng lin quan n hot ng nui tm hm lng Xun T, Vn Ninh, Khnh Ha. Tuyn tp Hi tho ton quc v nghin cu ng dng khoa hc cng ngh trong nui trng thy sn 22 - 23/12/2004 ti Vng Tu, tr 643-653.2.V Vn Nha, 2006. K thut nui tm hm lng v cc bin php phng tr bnh. NXB Nng Nghip,H Ni.3.Hambrey, J.B., Le, A.T., and Ta, K.T., 2001. Aquaculture and poverty alleviation II. Cage culture in coastal waters of Vietnam. [Accessed 20/10/2010].4.Hung,L.V.andTuan,L.A.,2008.LobsterseacagecultureinVietnam.InSpinylobsteraquaculture intheAsia-Pacicregion:ProceedingsofaninternationalsymposiumheldatNhaTrang,Vietnam,9-10December2008,ed.byK.C.Williams.ACIARProceedingsNo.132.AustralianCentrefor International Agricultural Research: Canberra. 162 pp.5.Ly,N.T.Y.,2009.Economicanalysisoftheenvironmentalimpactonmarinecagelobsteraquaculture inVietnam.MasterThesisinFisheriesand AquacultureManagementandEconomics.TheNorwegian College of Fishery Science University of Tromso, Norway & Nha Trang University, Vietnam. 6.Tuan,L.A.andMao,N.D.,2004.PresentstatusoflobstercagecultureinVietnam.Proceedingofthe ACIAR lobster ecology workshop, p24-30. Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang, Vietnam.Tap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 201120 O fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NGfHONG B/O KHO/ HOCNGHIN CU XY DNG M HNH CH ROX NHN L, TNH BNH NHRESEARCHING FOR BUILING THE MODEL OF FISH AGGREGATING (FADS)DEVICES AT NHON LY COMMUNE, BINH DINH PROVINCEHong Vn Tnh,Phm Vn ThngKhoa Khai thc - Trng i hc Nha TrangTM TTKt qu nghin cu cho thy, ngh khai thc c kt hp ch ro vng bin ven b x Nhn L tht truyn khong 20 nm; ng dn c nguyn vng tm li ngh truyn thng nhm khi phc li ngun li vng bin ven b ti a phng. Nhm nghin cu xy dng m hnh ch x Nhn L ph hp vi yu cu D n FSPS II B ca tnh Bnh nh v s ng thun ca ng dn a phng. Sau 3 thng th ch t Qun l ch khai thc c 453kg mc v 5700kg (c trc, c ngn, c cam, c gi, c nc, c nhng, c rc) ti ch. y l cc loi hi sn ng dn khng khai thc c ti vng bin khu vc th ch t lu. Hnh thnh c m hnh ng dn t qun l ngun li v din tch mt nc vng bin ven b khai thc bng mt s ngh kt hp vi ch ro. Hnh thnh c s lin kt gia ngnh Thy sn v Dch v du lch. a phng c thu nhp t dch v du lch cu c gii tr ti ch. T kha: M hnh ch ro, cng ng ng dn, ngun li ven bABSTRACTThe research shows that the combination between sh exploiting and Fish Aggregating Devices (FADS) has lost about 20 years at coastal waters at Nhon Ly, the sherman desires to restore Inshore reources at local now. The research group built the model of Fish Aggregating Devices (FADS) at Nhon Ly. It is suitable for the requirements of FSPS II project of Binh Dinh province and local people s agreements. Fish Aggregating Devices has been done after 3 months, the management exploited 453kg Sepioteuthis lessonianaand5700kgshincluding:Priacanthus,Atulemate,Naucratesductor,Rachycentroncanadum, Decapterus maruadsi, Sphyraena These seafood hasnt been exploited for a long time. Formingmodelshermantomanagereourcesandinshoreseaareatoexploitwiththecomination between some shing farmings and Fish Aggregating Devices.Forming the connection between Fishery and Tourist at local. Nhon Ly gets income thanks to shing tourism at Fish Aggregating Devices. Keywords: Model of sh aggregating devices, Fisheries communities, Inshore sheries resourcesTap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 2011fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NG O 21I. T VN Trongnghc,chcsdngtp trung,tonitrn,kimn,sinhsnchoc v cc loi thy sn khc. T lu, ch c s dngkhaithcctrongccvngncni a nh sng, h, m, ph.Hin nay, ch c nhiu quc gia trn th giisdngkthpvinhiuloingc khai thc c vng bin ven b v xa b. C 2 loi: ch c nh v ch di ng (Hnh 1). Ch c nh: c nh ti mt v tr trong thi gian di. Mc ch: tp trung c, lm ni c tr, kim n, sinh sn cho cc loi c.Hng nm, b sung vt liu v thit b cn thitgicnhchvtngmtctp trung ti ch. Hnh 1. M hnh ch binChding:mcchchnhltptrung ctrongmtchukkhaithc(mli).Kt thc chu k khai thc, ch c di chuyn n v tr khc. Trong thi gian tp trung c, ch di chuynvitchpltchiuqu khai thc. CcncAnh,Msdngchkthp li vy khai thc c ng i dng.Philippin,Indonixia,sdngchcnh kt hp li vy khai thc c ng vy vng.n , s dng ch c nh v ch di ng khaithccng.Chdingsdng khaithcvngbinidngcsu 500m, ch c nh s dng khai thc su30 - 100m VitNam,tluchcsdng khaithccncngt.Hinnay,chang csdngkthpvinhiuloingc nhcu,limnh,livykhaithcc bin.CctnhBnhThun,BRa-VngTu, Bn Tre, Tin Giang s dng ch kt hp vi li vy nh sng khai thc c vng bin xa b.Bnh nh l mt trong s cc a phng ven bin min Trung s dng ch kt hp vi ngh mnh, cu, vy. X Nhn L l mt trong nhng a phng ca tnh Bnh nh s dng ch t lu vo ngh c. Tuynhin,hinnaynghchxNhnL b tht truyn. Khi phc li ngh ch Nhn Llmtviccnlmvtmlinghtruyn thngcaaphngvmanglihiuqu thit thc. Mc ch ca nghin cu nhm khi phc lingunlivngbinvenbxNhnLngdnkhaithccbngnghch ro. T m hnh nghin cu c th nhn rng nhngaphngkhctrongtnhnhmgp phn ti to v bo v ngun li v h sinh thi vng b.Tap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 201122 O fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NGII.NIDUNGVPHNGPHPNGHIN CU 1.Cchtipcn:Davocccngbkhoa hctrongvngoinctm hiumuch, phn tch kt hp vi mu ch truyn thng ca a phng c phc dng li qua phng vn hi c lm c s xy dng ch m hnh. 2. Xy dng phiu iu tra: Vi cc thng tin cn tm hiu lin quan n ni dung nghin cu nh:kinhtxhinghcaphng,c im ngh c a phng, hin trng ngh ch ro a phng, c im khu vc th ch, kiu ch, kt cu ch, loi ngh khai thc kt hp vi ch ro, nguyn nhn tht truyn ngh ch ro tiaphng,nguynvngcangdni vi ngh ch.3.Phngphpiutra:Phngvnhic; phngvnkthpkhosttrctip;iutra nhanh nng thn c s tham gia ca cng ng.Thigiannghincu:tthng6/2010- 11/20104.Chnkiuch,cutrcvkhuvcthch [1]Kiu ch, cu trc v khu vc th ch c chn da vo kt qu kho st ti vng bin khu vcthch,ngthiphhpsthamchiu: FSPS II B/SCAFI/2010/3.7.6 ca d n v mc tiu ca vn nghin cu, th hin qua cc ni dung: ph hp vi c im ngh c a phng, iu kin mi trng khu vc th ch; kh nng tp trung v bo tn ngun li vng b; vt liu lmchsnctiaphng;iukinsinh hot cho t qun l v bo v ch; kt hp gia ThysnvDchvdulch;thigiansdng lu; chi ph u t thp.Hnh 2. iu tra tm hiu chKt qu iu tra cho thy, khu vc th ch trcycaxNhnLcgiihnbi cc hn o: hn i Di, mi hn ng (x Ct Chnh); hn Gia, Vng Nm, Vng Bc (Nhn l)vcchiathnh3vng:chm,ch Gia v ch Cao, c su t 15 - 40m. Trong bi ch m v ch Gia mt c tp trung cao hn nhiu so vi bi ch Cao. 5. Chn mu ch v phn tch 5.1. c im v ngh c x Nhn L [1]NhnLlxbingangnmtrongvng bn o Phng Mai v hng ng Bc cch trung tm thnh ph Quy Nhn khong 22km. Dn c c quy hoch sinh sng tp trung thnhtngcm,thnchyugip3mtbin thunlichovichnhngh,quanhnm thngbnhhngcathititnhtlkhi thi tit c bin i.Thy sn l ngnh kinh t mi nhn ca x. Gi tr sn xut nm 2009 ca ngnh Thy sn gp 1,27 ln gi tr sn xut ca ngnh Dch v v 6,47 ln ngnh Cng nghip v Tiu th cng nghip (Hnh 3). Ngh c x Nhn L c quy m nh. Tng s tu c ca x c 373 chic, tng cng sut: 6945cv,bnhqun:18,62cv/tu. Tuccng Tap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 2011fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NG O 23sut ln nht l 80 cv; s tu cng sut t 50 cv tr ln c 7 chic. C cu i tu c x Nhn L th hin trn hnh 4. Mavkhaithc:hotngkhaithchi sn ti x Nhn L c hai v chnh:- V c Bc: t thng ging n thng 4 m lch.-VcNam:tthng5nthng9m lch.Thigiantcuithng9nthng12 thngcbo,nnhuhtccnghkhng tham gia hot ng khai thc tr mt s t ngh li cc hot ng gn b. 5.2. Ngh khai thc c kt hp ch ro x Nhn L [1]5.2.1. Ngh khai thc, i tng v ma v khai thcTrcy,ccnghkhaithcccs dng ch ro gm: mnh chic (ch yu), cu, khai thc vo ban ngy khi c ng ch. Ngh mnh chic kt hp ch ro cho sn lng khai thc cao nht trong tt c cc ngh khai thc c x Nhn L. Hin nay, ngh mnh v cu cng l hai ngh c s lng tu c chim t l ln x Nhn L.i tng khai thc: Cc loi c khai thc c t ch ro ti x Nhn L trc y ch yu c ch vng, c nc, c sn, c phn, c gi, c da, mc l, c hng, c cam, c lit v mt s i tng khc.Mavkhaithc:Ktquiutracho thy,trcynghchrocaaphng hot ng t thng 3 - 9 (m lch). T thng 10 m lch, cc ngh t hot ng nh bt ti ch, v ma gi ng bc dng chy mnh c khng ng ch, m di c ra vng nc su.5.2.2. Nguyn nhn tht truyn ngh ch ro x Nhn L Ngh ch ro x Nhn L khng cn c sdngcchykhong20nm.Nguyndo ca s tht truyn ngh ch ro ti x Nhn L, ktquiutrachothycccnhmnguyn nhn sau:-Tranhchpngtrngkhaithc:ngh li ko khai thc trong khu vc th ch lm mt ch, lm mt ngun li. Ngh li vy kt hp nh sng khai thc trong khu vc th ch li cun c tp trung ch ra vng sng, lm cho cc ngh khai thc c s dng ch khng c thu nhp hoc thu nhp rt thp.- S dng cc phng php khai thc khng ph hp vi quy nh qun l ngh c nh nh btcbngchtc,thucnnhngkhu vc thuc vng m th ch, lm gim mt chocccloictptrungquanhch(c ng ch).Hnh 4. C cu i tu c x Nhn LHnh 3. Gi tr sn xut cc ngnh kinh t nm 2009 x Nhn LTap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 201124 O fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NG- Do yu t khch quan: bo t, sng bin, dng chy mnh lm tri ch, hng ch.Trong,nhmnguynnhnth3lth yuvcstcngcanhm1v2,nh hngntmlcangdn,lmgims quan tm ca h ti s tn ti ca ch.Nguyn vng ca ng dn v khi phc li ngh ch ro.Ktquiutrachothy,100%sngi c hi mun duy tr li ngh c v ng dn tin tng, nu ch ro c phc dng s khi phc lingunlivschohiuqukhaithccao hn, nu ngn chn c s tranh chp v ng trng ca cc ngh li ko, vy kt hp nh sng v phng php nh bt bt hp php. - Ng dn trc tip qun l v khai thc ch, lm c s trin khai xy dng m hnh ng dn tham gia qun l ngh c vng nc gn b caSNngnghipvPhttrinNngthn tnh Bnh nh;- C th kt hp vi ngnh dch v nng mc thu nhp, ci thin i sng ca nhn dn trong x, trc ht l nhng ngi tham gia xy dng, qun l m hnh.5.3. Chn mu ch v phn tch [1]Nhmnghincuchnvphntch4 mu ch kiu c nh lm c xy dng ch m hnhgm:muchxNhnL(hnh5),mu ch Philipppin (hnh 6), mu ch Thi Lan (hnh 7) v mu ch Nht Bn (hnh 8) . Hnh 6. Ch c nh Philippin Hnh 5. M hnh ch x Nhn LHnh 7. Ch c nh Thi Lan Hnh 8. Ch c nh Nht BnTap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 2011fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NG O 25Mu ch x Nhn L: - Thn ch (1) lm bng tre cy, mi bi ch banuc4n7cytre,chiucao:7n 10m.-Dych(2)lmbngdyda,ng knh: = 25 - 30mm. Mi bi ch ban u th t 3 n 4 dy. Chiu di mi dy ch ln hn su nc ti vng th ch t 5 - 10m. -Lch(3)clinktthnhdydi to bng rm tp trung c, gm hai loi: l da hoc l ch l (ch yu). L ch thng s dng c 5 n 6 thng. Vo ma ma bo l ch b thng mc nn b sng, nc cun tri.-Vtnnggich(4)bngccr. Mibichbanutht3n4r,trng lng mi r t 40 n 70kg.Hng nm, ng dn b sung thm vt liu cho ch: tre, dy ch, c nh tng ln ca bi ch, nhm tng mt tp trung c v kh nng chu ng sng gi ca ch.Mu ch Philippin: C 4 b phn chnh: b ni, dy ch, neo v n hiu- B ni: lm bng tre cy, c 2 lp. Mi lp 30 cy di 10m. Gia b c 2 lp t: mt lp lin kt vi dy neo v mt lp xe lin kt vi dy ch (hnh 6).- Dy ch: lin kt l ch. Pha trn lin kt vi b, pha di c dn.- Neo: gm 2 - 3 khi b tng, hnh trMu ch Thi Lan: C 4 b phn chnh: b ni, dy ch, neo v n hiu- B ni: lm bng phao nha, hnh tr, pha trn lin kt vi n hiu (hnh 7).- Dy ch: lm bng li c.- Neo: gm 1 neo st v dnMu ch Nht Bn: c 4 b phn chnh: b ni, phao, dy ch, neo.-Bni:gmnhngcytrelinktvi nhau thnh hnh ch V (hnh 8).- Dy ch: lm bng l da v li c.- Neo: gm 1 neo st v dn- Phao nha hnh tr th tch 200 lt, gn vi dy neo v b ni bng dy PE hoc PP.Phn tch ch mu: -MuchxNhnL:cutongin, dthicngchto,chiphthp,hiuqutp trung c thp hn so vi mu ch Nht Bn vPhilippin;lcgichthp,dbtri.Thct iu tra chng minh iu .- Mu ch Thi Lan: cu to n gin, d thi cng ch to, din tch tp trung c nh hn so vi mu ch Nht Bn v Philippin.- Mu ch Nht Bn v Philippin c din tch tptrungclnhn,cutochcchn.Tuy nhin,sovi2much ThiLanvxNhn L chi ph ln hn v quy trnh ch to phc tp hn.-LcgicaccmuchPhilippin,Thi Lan, Nht Bn thp, cha ph hp vi c im dng chy ca vng bin x Nhn L ti khu vc th ch m hnh. -MuchPhilippinktcuphnbni rng,cthbtrthmphnkintrcthng tng nu c thm h tr ca thit b phn b.III. KT QU NGHIN CU V THO LUN1.Kiuch,cutrcchvkhuvcthch [1] 1.1. Kiu ch v cu trc ch: T phn tch phn trn ch m hnh xy dnglkiuchbcnh,c2phnchnh: phnnitrnmtncvphnchmtrong nc.Ngoira,cmtsthitbphtrlin kt gia cc b phn.* Phn ni trn mt nc: b ni v phng sinh hot ca t qun l ch, t trn h thng phao bng thng nha (hnh 10). - B ni c kch thc (7 x 7)m, lm bng g v tre,- Phng sinh hot c kch thc: rng x di Tap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 201126 O fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NG= (2,5 x 2,5)m; chiu cao pha trc: 2,5m, pha sau: 2,0m.- Thit b b: thng nha, di 1m, c knh 0,5m. S lng: 24 thng* Phn chm trong nc gm: b phn tp trung c v b phn gi b ch (hnh 9); - B phn tp trung c: l cc dy ch (dy bng vt liu PP, l ch lm bng l ch l) v vt nng gia dy ch l khi b tng hnh tr; + Dy ch: c 8 dy bng vt liu PP, ng knh 16mm, chiu di: 50m/1 dy;+Lch:lmbnglchl(vtliung dn a phng dng trc y);+ Dy ch c lin kt vo b ni nh ma n, kha xoay;+ Vt nng gi dy ch c bng xi mng trng lng 5kg/dy.- B phn gi b ch: + Neo: 4 ci, neo hi qun+Dyneo:4ng,vtliu:cpthp, chiu di 45m/1 dy Ngoi ra, cn c mt s thit b khc lin kt b ch: ma n, kha xoay, lp t cHnh 9. Cu trc ch m hnh Hnh 10. Phn ni ca ch m hnh1. B ni;2. Dy ch;3. L ch;4. Vt nng gi dy ch;5. Lp xe;6. Dy neo; 7. Ma n lin kt neo v dy neo;8. Neo gi ch9. Phng sinh hot ca t Qun l ch;10. Phao (Thng nha)1.2. Khu vc th ch: Nm trong khu vc bi ch m, ch Gia ca x, cch b khong 0,8 - 1 hi l, su 20 - 25m.Kiuch,cutrcchvkhuvcthchctholunvthngnhttiHithov phng n xy dng ch thnh ph Quy Nhn vo thng 6 nm 2010, di s ch tr ca ng Ph Gim c S Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn tnh Bnh nh. 2. Tnh ton ch [2]Tnh ton ch l tnh lc gi ca neo c nh ch v bn (lc t) ca dy neo, ngha l tnh trng lng neo v ng knh dy neo. - Lc gi ca neo c tnh biu thc (1)FN = F1 + F2 (1)Trong : FN: Lc gi ca phn neo (KG)F1: Lc gi do trng lng neo (KG), tnh theo (2)F2: Lc gi ca phn lin kt (KG), tnh theo (3)Tap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 2011fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NG O 27F1 = KN1 * PN(2)KN1: H s lc gi ca neo ph thuc vo loi neo, cht y v tnh cht tc dng ca ngoi lc. = (3) Trong :P = p * qP:Trng lng ca 1m dy trong nc; p:Trng lng ca 1m dy lin kt trong khng khq:Xut ni ca vt liu lm dy LN :Chiu di dy cn th (m)Z: Chiu cao t v tr th dy n y bin (m)- Lc t ca dy neo tnh theo biu thc (4) P = n * Pl.v(4)Trong : P l cng t ca dy;n l h s an ton;Pl.v l cng lm vic ca dy.Cng lm vic ca dy c tnh da vo ngoi lc (lc ca gi v dng chy to ra) tc dng ln phn ni v phn chm ca ch.Phn ni trn mt nc (b v phng sinh hot, ngh ngi ca t qun l ch): chu tc dng ca gi (ch yu) v dng chy; Phn chm di nc (b phn tp trung c v b phn gi ch): chu tc dng ca dng chy.- Lc tc dng ca gi ln vt th, c tnh theo biu thc (5): =(5) Trong : Kgi :tng lc gi tc dng ln vt th (tn)k:hng s lin quan n hng gi tc dng ln vt th. Agi :din tch phn vt th, i tng chu tc dng ca gi (m2)Vgi :tc gi (m/s)- Lc tc dng ca dng chy ln vt th, c tnh theo biu thc (6): H(6) Trong : Knc :tng lc dng chy tc dng ln vt th (tn)Anc :din tch phn vt th (b) chm trong nck:hng s f:tham s lin quan n t s su khu vc (H) vi chiu cao phn vt th, i tng chm trong nc (d)Kt qu tnh ton: trng lng neo: 40 kg/ci; ng knh dy neo: = 14 mm (cp thp).3. Thi cng ch v th ch [2]3.1. Thi cng chNh trn trnh by, ch gm cc phn ring r lin kt vi nhau, nn khi thi cng ch c th thc hin c lp theo tng cng on: b phn b ni, phn nh , b phn tp trung c v b phn gi ch.22Tap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 201128 O fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NGGhi ch: 1. Tm b ch: v 13053'59'' N; kinh 109017'00' E2. B ch cch b thn Hng Lng 1420m3.Khuvcccloingh:gico,mnhnkhngcphpnhbtcchb500m.Khuvccgiihnbicc im A1 (v 13054'11'' N ; kinh 109016'48'' E); A2 (v 13054'11'' N ; kinh 109017'24'' E); A3 (v 13053'45'' N ;kinh 109016'48'' E); A4 )v 13053'45'' N ; kinh 1090 17'24'' E)M hnh c s h tr ca Chng trnh FSPS II Bnh nh - S Nng nghip v PTNT Bnh nhQuy trnh thi cng phn tp trung c: l ch l c phi kh, buc vo dy ch (PP 16) bng si 210D/27. Khong cch gia cc cm l 0,4m. Sau , lin kt hai dy ch c lp vi nhau thnh dy i nh (hnh 11) v lin kt vi b ni (hnh 12).3.2. Th chSaukhihonttcngvicthicng,chctukonvtrthtiimcta = 1305359N v = 10901E (hnh 13).Hnh 11. Dy ch m hnh Hnh 12. Th chHnh 13. S b tr b ch x Nhn L - TP. Quy NhnTap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 2011fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NG O 294. Kt qu m hnh v tho lun Ktqumhnhctholunti Hi tho Tng kt hot ng d n vo ngy 22/11/2010tithnhphQuyNhndis ch tr ca S Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn tnh Bnh nh. Ti Hi tho ch m hnh c nh gi nh sau:4.1. Kt cu ch v v tr th ch:-Ktquhotngrttyucuv caphng,Ngnhnhgicao.Phn chm ca ch v v tr kho st t ch rt ph hp.Nhiuitngcbmttlunayli phchi(clitch).Lngcphttnxung quanh ch rt ln, ngi dn hng li [3]. - Nhiu loi hi sn nh mc, c cam, c gi, c nc, c nhng, c ngn, c lit, c rc... tp trung thng xuyn v n nh ti ch [5]4.2.Tnhbnvngvkhnnglmvicca m hnhChmhnhhotngtt,phhpiu kin thc t ti a phng. iu ny, c a phng nh gi v c kim chng trong trn p thp nhit i (sng to, gi v ma ln) voccngy25,26,27thng7nm2010, tu thuyn ti khu vc thnh ph Quy Nhn c nhngthithinngvxNhnLbchm4 tu c, nhng ch m hnh vn an ton. 4.3. Hiu qu kinh t v kt hp gia Thy sn vi Dch v du lch- Kt qu khai thc ngun li ti ch ca t Qun l b ch t thng 8/2010 - 10/2010:+ Mc l: 453(kg) x 77.000(/kg)= 34.881.000(ng)+ C cc loi: 5.700(kg) x 10.000 (/kg) = 57.000.000 (ng) [4], [5] - Thu t dch v cu c ca khch du lch n tham quan: 1.200.000 (ng) [4], [5].-Hngngytrungbnhc5-7thuyn thng cu mc v khai thc c trc, c nc xung quanhkhuvcbch,thunhpt100.000- 400.000 ng/ngy [5].4.4. Tc ng v mt x hi [5]-...emlilichthitthcchobcon ng dn, nht l h ngho, cn ngho v h kh khn nh bt gn b.- ...Pht trin du lch ngh c a phng, tng thu nhp kinh t gia nh, gp phn xa i gim ngho a phng. Ng dn t chc a n khch du lch n tham quan cu c thu tin-...Nngcaothcchobconngdn trongvicbovngunlithysna phng, nhm khai thc ngun li thy sn bn vng v lu di. - T khi trin khai m hnh b ch ngi dn ng tnh v ng h cao, v n to iu kin thun li cho ng dn nh bt gn b, trong hng li nhiu nht l ng dn thn L Hng v L Lng.4.5.Hnhthnhquynhbovngunliven bNgnhThysntnhBnhnhban hnhquynhqunlvkhaithcngunli quanh khu vc ch nh: gii hn phm vi cm hot ng ca cc ngh, ng c c s dng khai thc c ti ch v vng quanh ch (gii hn bi cc im A1, A2, A3, A4, hnh 13). X Nhn L xy dng t qun l ch v ngunlitrongkhuvccnbovbngkinh ph hot ng t doanh thu bn sn phm khai thc c ti ch.Tuy vy, vn cn mt s tu thuyn v ng dn n khai thc bt hp php ti ch [5]. Tt nhin, sn lng hi sn khai thc c ti ch ca cc tu thuyn ny UBND x Nhn L v t Qun l b ch khng nm c. Ngha l, sn lng khai thc c t ch cao hn s lng thng k theo bo co ca UBND x Nhn L v ca t Qun l b ch.Tap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 201130 O fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NGIV. KT LUN Kt qu nghin cu cho thy: c th phc hi ngun li ven b ti x Nhn L bng ngh chrohocbngphngphpthrnnhn to.M ra hng pht trin ngh c gii tr phc v khch du lch ca tnh Bnh nh v m hnh qunlnghcbinvngvenbdavo cng ng.Cthtrinkhaimhnhncca phng khc c iu kin t nhin v iu kin mi trng vng bin ven b tng t.TI LIU THAM KHO1.Hong Vn Tnh (2010), Bo co tm tt kt qu nghin cu ngh ch ro x Nhn L - xut phng n xy dng m hnh.2.Hong Vn Tnh, Phm Vn Thng (2010), Bo co tng kt hot ng D n H tr xy dng m hnh ch ro cho vn chi x Nhn L, thnh ph Quy Nhn, tnh Bnh nh.3.nh gi ca ng Trng Ban Qun l D n ca S NN&PTNT tnh Bnh nh v kt qu hot ng ca D n.4.T Qun l ch b (2010),Bo co Tham lun V cng tc t chc qun l ch b x Nhn L ti Hi tho Tng kt hot ng ca D n. 5.UBND x Nhn L (2010), Bo co Tham lun nh gi tc ng ca ch ro n mi trng, ngun li thy sn v i sng cng ng dn c ven bin ca x ti Hi tho Tng kt hot ng ca D n.Tap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 2011fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NG O 31fHONG B/O KHO/ HOCXY DNG C S D LIU TI LIU MN HC - HNH THC PHC VHIU QU CHO O TO TN CH CA TH VIN TRNG I HC NHA TRANGNguyn Qu HonTh vin - Trng i hc Nha TrangI. T VN Csdliutiliuthamkhomnhc (CSDLMH) l mt sn phm mi ca Th vin Trng i hc Nha Trang. N va l cng c thun tin, va l ngun ti nguyn nng ng v ht sc cn thit cho ngi dng. y l mt trongnhngnhimvchyutrongtintrnh xydngthvinhini,pngyucu nng cao cht lng o to ca Nh trng. o to theo h thng tn ch l mt nhim v v gii php mi nhm thc hin Ngh quyt ca Chnh ph v i mi c bn v ton din giodcihcVitnamgiaion2006- 2020.Munvy,ihiphichunbthttt tcsvtchtkthut,trangthitb,n nhnlc,tichnhtrongcyutquan trng l i mi hiu qu hot ng thng tin - thvin. Trngihccncmtthvin hin i cung cp ngun ti nguyn phong ph, adngchongihckhaithcbtklc no, bt c u gip h t nng cao trnh , kh nng phn tch v nh gi cc vn trong qu trnh hc tp. Vic qun l ngun ti nguyn theo mn loi hoctheochcabngphnloithvin ch yu cung cp nhng sn phm s v th, ngidngkhngthtmkimnhanhvy nhng thng tin hu ch cho h. p ng c yu cu kim nh cht lng o to i hc theo h thng tn ch, th vin cn phi c nhng sn phm tinh - tc l cung cp nhng gi thng tin tng i y i vi tng i tng theo mt ch nht nh - nhm ch ra ngun ti liu/ hc liu chnh v tham kho cho tng mn hc. l hng i ht sc cn thit tintimtthvinihcthnthinv hin i.Mt s th vin trn th gii thuc cc nc phttrinnhAnh,Muttrinkhai dng sn phm ny. trong nc, hin nay mi ch c mt s Th vin i hc quan tm n xy dngCSDLMHnhihc ThiNguyn,i hc Quc Gia H Ni, Hc vin K thut Qun s mt s trng khc, cng vic ny mi c trin khai rt manh nha, nh l trn nhng phnmmmngunm,thiunhiumodule cn thit qun l lu thng. V th vic xy dng CSDLMH cng tr nn cp thit.T yu cu trn, Th vin Trng i hc NhaTrangtrinkhainghincuxydng CSDLMH cho cc ngnh v chuyn ngnh thuc khoaCkhvkhoaKthuttuthy.y lbciutinchovicxydngnhng sn phm tng t tip theo cho cc ngnh v chuyn ngnh khc.Tap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 201132 O fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NGII. I TNG, VT LIU V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU Thvintchcnguntinguyntheo CSDLMH cho cc ngnh v chuyn ngnh ang oto,sgipchongidngddngtm kimcdanhmctiliuthamkhocho tng mn hc mt cch nhanh chng, d dng. Vic ny cng s rt c ch cho cng tc qun l v phc v ti liu cho o to theo h thng tn ch, cng tc kim nh cht lng v k hoch phttrinnguntinguynthngtincath vin cho tng hc phn. Hinnay,ThvinTrngihcNha Trang ang qun l khong 17.000 nhan ti liu vn bn, tng ng 37.000 cun vi 60% cthiimxutbnsaunm2000,trong ti liu ngn ng Vit chim 85%, ngn ng Anh 14%, ngn ng khc 1%. Ngoi ra, cn c trn 200 tn bo v tp ch, trn 2000 lun vn, lun n v ti nghin cu khoa hc. Cng vi s tiliuin,Thvinhinangqunlkhong 3000 tn ti liu in t trn th vin s v c cp nht thng xuyn (bao gm ebooks, lun vn,lunn,tiNCKH)cngvimts CSDLtrctuyn:ProQuest,Hinari,Agora,WillsonvCSDLcccngtrnhnghincu quc gia thc hin cng vic ny, Th vin phi nghincutrinkhairsot,thngkthng tinthmcvtiliustonvnhinc,t chc lp bng danh mc mn hc ca tt c cc ngnh hc trong trng trn c s cng chi tit hc phn ban hnh, ch cho c cc ti liu dng tham kho cho tng mn hc c th. CSDLMHchoccngnhotocahai khoaCkhvKthutTuthycthc hintrnKIPOS-lphnmmthvins chuyn nghip ca Cng ty CP tin hc Hin i -vi nhiu modun tin ch v chc nng tra cu tm tin, c th tra cu ti liu theo ch , theo t kha, theo k hiu phn loi, tn ti liu, tn tc gi III. KT QU NGHIN CU V THO LUNVi s h tr ca nh cung cp phn mm, Th vin x l v hon thnh CSDLMH 70% s mn hc vi 2000 tn sch, gio trnh, lun vn ca 7 ngnh v chuyn ngnh o to ca 2khoa,baogmccchuynngnhvngnh o to: Thit k tu thy, ng tu thy, Thit b nng lng tu thy, Cng ngh c - in t, Cngnghkthutxydng,Cngnghk thut t v Cng ngh ch to my. Ngidngddngtruycpvongun tinguynnytrongthvinsthngquawebsitecaThvinbngvicnhptkha mn hc v thc hin tm kim thng tin theo cc tnh nng nh tm lt, tm theo t kha c c danh mc ti liu tham kho mong mun. Ngoivicpngcyucuca ngi dng, CSDLMH cn p ng tt cho cng tc qun l ti liu ca Th vin, ng thi cc nvlinquannhPhngotoihc vSauihc,PhngKimnhchtlng o to v Kho th, cc khoa c th bit hin trng ti liu p ng cho mi mt mn hc ckhoch,giiphpmbogiotrnh,ti liu theo quy nh.Vic xy dng thnh cng CSDLMH cho 2 khoa C kh v K thut Tu thy nhn c nhng nh gi tch cc t pha ngi dng l gingvinvsinhvin.CSDLMHcqun lvluthngtrnthvins,khngbgii hn v khng gian v thi gian nn to mi Tap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 2011fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NG O 33trng rng m v c hi bnh ng cho tt c mingikhisdngnguntiliuhctp. CSDL ti liu s cng lc phc v cho nhiu i tng khc nhau, khng ph thuc vo s lng ngi dng, thi gian v v tr a l ca h.CSDLMH ny cng tit kim c kinh ph xydngkho,kinhphbsungtiliu,bo qun...Hnhtlgipchongidng-c bit l sinh vin - c d dng thun tin trong victmthngtin.Trongiukincnthiu ngun ti liu tham kho hc tp in giy, th vic Thvincthmgiiphptiliushas gip cho ngi hc c nhiu la chn phc v cho k hoch hc tp ca c nhn. CSDLMH kt hp vi th vin truyn thng sphcvhiuquhnchovicimiv nngcaochtlngoto.Vdnhhnh thcototrctuyn,otongoitrng ngi hc ch ng sp xp thi gian hc tp, khng phi n th vin cng c th ly c ti liu trn CSDLMH qua mng.CSDLMHgpphnmrngitng phc v: c bit l c th p ng tt nhu cu ti liu hc tp cho cc c s lin kt o to xa trng v Phn hiu Kin Giang.IV. KT LUN V KHUYN NGHXydngthvinslxuthttyu,l mctiucaccthvinhinnay.Vicxy dngCSDLMHkhngnmngoimcch phc v tt hn cho i mi phng php dy v hc, nng cao cht lng o to v NCKH ca Trng. V vy, trong thi gian tip theo, ngh Nh trng to iu kin cho Th vin tip tc thc hin xy dng CSDLMH cho cc khoa cn li, c bit l hai khoa Kinh t v K ton -Tichnh,vcckhoanycslngsinh vin ln, p lc m bo ti liu cho hc tp vnghin cu rt cao.XydngCSDLMHlmtcngvichu ch cho th vin cc trng i hc nghin cu, tham kho c nhng kin gp , trao i.

TI LIU THAM KHO1.iu l Trng i hc ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 156/2003Q-TTg ngy 30/7/2009 ca Th tng Chnh ph.2.Quy ch o to i hc v Cao ng h chnh quy theo h thng tn ch ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 43/2007/Q-BGDT ngy 15/8/2007 ca B GD&T.3.Bi Loan Thy, Th vin i hc phc v o to, nghin cu khoa hc v chuyn giao cng ngh, p ng cc yu cu ca hc ch tn ch, Tp ch thng tin t liu - s 4 , 2008.- tr14-17.4.Nguyn Th Thanh Thy, Ci tin cng tc t chc, qun l th vin i hc trn a bn Tp. HCM, lun vn thc s -2007.5.V Trung Hng, Cc bc trin khai hc liu m Vit Nam, Tp ch thng tin t liu - s 3, 2009.-tr 18-120.6.Nguyn Vn Hnh, Kim nh cht lng o to i hc - thi c v thch thc i vi cc th vin i hc Vit Nam, Tp ch Thng tin v T liu, 2007, s 1.- tr. 15-19.Tap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 201134 O fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NG7.Nguyn Vn Hnh, Th vin trng i hc vi cng tc pht trin hc liu phc v o to theo tn ch. Tp ch Thng tin v T liu, 2009, s 2.- tr. 12-16 8.Nguyn Huy Chng, Tn Quc Bnh, Lm Quang Tng T chc ti nguyn s phc v i mi gio dc ihc.KyuhithotchchotngTT-TVtrongtrngihc.Nng,28-29/10/2004-tr.71-79. 9.Hong c Lin, Gii php xy dng cc b su tp s Trung tm Thng tin - Th vin H Nng nghip I H Ni.10.Nguyn Minh Hip v on Hng Ngha, Thc hnh xy dng th vin s - TP. HCM: i hc Quc gia, 2004. 11.Tamiko Matsumura, Th vin s Nht bn, Tp ch Thng tin v T liu, 2004, s 3.- tr. 19-13. 12.Witten,I.H.(IanH.),Howtobuildadigitallibrary/IanH. Witten,DavidBainbridge,andDavidM. Nichols.13.Digital library use : social practice in design and evaluation / edited by Ann Peterson Bishop, Nancy A. Van House, and Barbara P. Butteneld.14.Library Management : Change management in academic libraries - 2 / Stephen OConnor.15.WITTEN, Ian H. v BAIBRIDGE, David. How to Build a Digital Library. - New York : Morgan Kaufmann, 2003. 16.http:// thuvien.net Tap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 2011fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NG O 35fHONG B/O KHO/ HOCNH HNG CA LO I THC N V VITAMINE C B SUNGLN T L SNG V SINH TRNG CA C CHIM VY VNG TRACHINOTUS BLOCHII (LACEPEDE, 1801) C 30 - 40mmEFFECT OF FOOD AND VITAMINE C ON GROWTH, SURVIVAL RATE OFSNUB-NOSE POMPANO FINGERLINGS,TRACHINOTUS BLOCHII (LACEPEDE, 1801) NURSED IN SEA CAGESChu Vn ThanhKhoa Nui trng Thy sn - Trng i hc Nha TrangTM TTTh nghim c th c hi n nh m nh gi nh h ng c a lo i thc n v vitamine C b sung n t l sng, sinh trng ca c chim vy vng ng bng lng trn bin. C c 41mm (1,4g) c th nghim 3 nghim thc th c n: (i) thc n cng nghi p UP, (ii) c ti, (iii) k t h p thc n cng nghi p UP vi c ti. Th nghim ko di trong 30 ngy. Kt qu cho thy, lo i thc n nh hng ln t l sng, sinh trng ca c chim vy vng (p0,05), ng thi khc bit c ngh a (p0.05). (B ng 2)Khilngcacsau15ngyng2 nghimthcchocnthcnNRDctrn VitamineCvchocnthcnNRD(ln lt2,5gv2,2g)khcbitkhngcngh a (p>0,05). (B ng 2)H s phn tn v chiu di c sau 15 ngy ng 2 nghim thc cho c n th c n NRD ctrnVitamineCvchocnthcnNRD (ln lt 7% v 8%) khc bit khng c ngh a (p>0.05). (B ng 2)T kt qu nghin cu cho thy rng: C c chtiuvtls ng,sinhtr ngc ac2 nghi m th c kh c bi t khng c ngh a, c kh nngth igianthnghi mng n(15ng y)nn cha th hi n s kh c bi t.Bng 2. Sinh trng v t l sng ca c 2 nghim thc sau 15 ngy ng.Ch tiuNghim thcTh c n NRDTh c n NRD b sung Vitamine CT l sng (%) 87,6a 10,8687,3a 6,5648,4a 0,982,2a 0,147,8a 0,792,9a 0,136,8b 0,43Chiu di thn (mm) 49,6a 1,07Khi lng (g) 2,5a 0,10H s CV (%) 6,8a 0,74SGR(%) v chiu di 3,1a 0,14SGR(%) v khi lng 7,5a 0,22S liu trnh by: trung bnh SE. S liu c so snh bng ANOVA mt yu t. K t m cng hngkhc nhau ch s khc bi t c ngha (p 50%. iu ny cho thy ma v sinh sn khng lin tc quanh nm, m chia thnh ma v c th coi 2 thng ny l ma v sinh sn ca s sng ti vng triu ven bin Cam Ranh. Vy, theo nh ngha v ma v sinh sn trn [10] th trong thi gian nghin cu (t thng 12 n thng 5), chng ti xc nh c mt ma v sinh sn ca Sipunculus robustus l thng 3 - thng 4 (cng c th chng c thm mt hoc nhiu ma v sinh sn khc trong cc thng cn li ca nm na, cn c nghin cu thm khng nh). Kt qu ny ca chng ti khc vi kt qu nghin cu Trung Quc, s sng sipunculus sp. t thng 3 n thng 9 v tp trung t thng 5 n thng 8 [7]; Qung Ninh, s sng tp trung sinh sn trong khong thi gian t thng 6 n thng 7 [8], Bn Tre, s sng tp trung t thng 10 n thng 12 v t thng 2 n thng 4 [9].Hnh 11. T l cc giai on pht trin tuyn sinh dcTap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 201150 O fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NGiu ny c th gii thch rng qu trnh thnh thc sinh dc cc c th ni chung ph thuc rt nhiu vo iu kin mi trng sng nh nhit , mn, dinh dng, cht y... [11]. 5.2. H s thnh thc sinh dc (GSI)Bng 5. GSI ca s sng cH s TTSD giai on II (%)H s TTSDgiai on III (%)H s TTSD giai on IV(%)Thng 12 31,88 2,58 38,16 0 26,79 3,64Thng 1 33,00 5,40 0 0Thng 2 31,22 2,78 35,17 8,18 0Thng 3 33,41 3,51 39,13 3,44 0Thng 4 33,85 6,74 45,8 10,58 0Thng 5 28,76 1,56 35,86 0 26,69 3,73Trung bnh 32,94 5,62 43,37 9,91 26,71 3,58Bng 6. GSI ca s sng Sipunculus robustus ciH s TTSD giai on II (%)H s TTSDgiai on III (%)H s TTSD giai on IV(%)Thng 12 31,03 2,16 37,63 6,43 29,00 1,46Thng 1 30,81 3,25 0 0Thng 2 31,05 2,52 39,04 1,36 0Thng 3 0 42,09 7,35 0Thng 4 0 44,39 6,21 0Thng 5 0 40,67 4,71 27,49 2,92Trung bnh 30,98 2,49 41,10 6,20 28,10 2,64Ktqunghincuhsthnhthcsinh dc s sng c trnh by bng 5 v 6. Bng5chothynhnchunghsthnh thc sinh dc (GSI) ca giai on II nh hn GSI ca giai on III trong cng mt thng. Vy, h s thnh thc sinh dc (GSI) s sng c tng ln theo giai on pht trin ca tuyn sinh dc t giai on II n giai on III v gim mnh giai on IV. Schnhlchcahsthnhthcsinh dc(GSI)cacccthtrongcngmtgiai ongiaccthngcngcthhinrt r.Thng2,hsthnhthcsinhdc(GSI) cacthcctuynsinhdcgiaion IIIl35,178,18(%),thng3l39,133,44 (%), thng 4 l 45,38 10,58 v sang thng 5, hsnygimtnginhanh,tgitrl35,86 0,00 (%). iu ny chng t trong nhng thnglmavsinhsncassngthGSI cng t gi tr cao nht.Bng 6 cho thy GSI ca s sng ci c xu hngtngtgiaionIIngiaionIIIv t ngt gim xung giai on IV. Tap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 2011fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NG O 51IV. KT LUN V XUT KIN1. Kt lun-Giitnhvtlcci:Sipunculusrobustuslloiphntnhc,ci.Cutrc giitnhtrongthigiannghincul:Khng xcnh(KX):l28,57%;:34,63%;: 36,8%. T l trung bnh c: ci l 0,91:1.- Kch thc thnh thc ln u: cha xc nhchnhxckchthcthnhthclnu ca loi nhng nhm kch thc nh nht c c th thnh thc sinh dc l 7,2 - 10,2cm.-Scsinhsn:scsinhsntuytidao ngt743.182n4.740.948trng/cth, trungbnhl2.121.367trng/cth.Scsinh sn tng i dao ng t 75.485 n 209.788 trng/g c th, trung bnh l 120.777 trng/g c th. Sc sinh sn ca loi c xu hng tng theo khi lng c th. Phng trnh tng quan gia scsinhsntuytivkhilngtonthn:W = 203965,815x X0,803 vi R = 0,833-Mavsinhsn: Trongkhongtthng 12/2009nthng6/2010ththng3-thng 4 l ma v sinh sn. Trong , thng 4 l nh cao sinh sn ca loi vi t l thnh thc sinh dc t 82,5%.-Hsthnhthcsinhdc:GSIcaloi tngtheogiaionphttrincatuynsinh dc, t t l cao nht giai on III (43,37% c th c, 41,10% c th ci).2. xut kin-CnhnchkhaithcloiSipunculusrobustus trong ma v sinh sn (thng 3 - thng 4) nhm bo v ngun li s sng t nhin. -C ntiptcnghinc ut in ytrong ccthngc nl ic anm(tth ng6n th ng 11) l m cn c x c nh ch nh x c hn vm avsinhs nvkchthcthnhthc sinhdclnuc ass nglo iSipunculusrobustus.-C ncnh ngnghinc uv ci m sinh h c, sinh th i phn b c a lo i Sipunculus robustust i V ng tri u Cam Ranh.-Cncnhngnghincusuhnv nhm kch thc [Fmsy], vng khai thc di mc [f]CPUEmsythniykhai thc di mc nh hnh 9.Hnh 9. ng cong Schaefer c tuyt ThyrreneanS dng lnh Map Query tm ra vng khai thc di mc v qu mc theo lnh nh sau:[CPUE]>[Attractor] th vng ny khai thc di mc, hin th bng mu xanh (hnh 10)[CPUE] YMSY, nng lc nh bt trong ngh c vt ngng v mc d tha cn ct b l YC - YMSY. Tuy nhin phn ln cc ngh c trn th gii - c bit l ngh c a ng loi, d liu v mc sn lng bn vng ln nht (YMSY) thng khng c hoc rttchnhxc.Dovy,mcsnlngquan st thc t c th c s dng i din cho c lng ca YMSY - iu ny c ngha l ta gi strngthihinticangunlikhngcho php tip tc gia tng sn lng nh bt (FAO, 2003). Lc ny, mc nng lc nh bt d tha trong ngh c chnh bng mc sn lng tim nng tr i mc sn lng hin ti (YC - Y). ngh c pht trin bn vng, mc d tha nng lc nh bt ny cn phi c ct b. Cu hi quan trng k tip i vi cc nh hoch nh chnh sch ngh c l s lng tu s phi ct b l bao nhiu?. Chng ta s bt u vi c lng im v mc sn lng tim nng ca mi con tu trong i tu. Sau , ty thucvomctiucaccnhqunlngh c, chng ta s xc nh s lng con tu cn loi b khi ngh c. Nu mc tiu l c i tu nh bt c quy m nh nht th chng ta s loi b cc con tu c mc sn lng tim nng nh nht trc cho ti khi tng sn lng tim nng ca cc con tu b loi b bng tng mc nng lcdtha.Numctiulitunhbt c quy m ln nht th chng ta s loi b cc contucmcsnlngtimnnglnnht trc cho ti khi tng sn lng tim nng ca cc con tu b loi b bng tng mc nng lc d tha. Vi nhiu quc gia ang pht trin v nhiu mctiukhcnhauikhivicgiatngsn lngnhbtlcnthit.giatngmc sn lng nh bt hin ti, FAO (2003) khuyn co rng cc quc gia nn ngh n vic gia tng hiu sut s dng nng lc nh bt trc khi thc hin u t thm ti sn c nh vo ngh c. Tcl,chngtacth(i)khuyncomi tu/i tu s dng mc ti u u vo bin i; (ii) thc hin cc chng trnh o to ng dn, cung cp cc thng tin v ngun li, d bo thi tit, cuhvcunntrnbin- sdn n vic ci thin hiu qu k thut nh bt. S cn trng trong u t vo ngh c hin ti s gip cc quc gia t phi i mt vi tnh trng d tha nng lc nh bt v cn kit ngun li trong tng lai.III. KT LUNTrnquanimcacchtipcnqunl ngh c c trch nhim, nhiu nh khoa hc chranguynnhncbncavicsuygim ngunlirtnhiukhuvctrnthgiil do u t qu mc trong cc ngh c. c lng nng lc v hiu sut s dng nng lc nhbtlmcschovicqunlvquy hochnghc,FAO(2003)hngdns dng phng php phn tch Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) ph hp vi cc ngh c a loi vnhucuvdliucngkhnglnnnrt thchhppdngtrongccnghc,c Tap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 2011190 O fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NGbitlnghcvngnhititiccnc angphttrinnhVitNam.Phngphp DEA khc phc c cc nhc im ca cc mhnhkinht-sinhhcnloitrcy trongvicquyhochnghc.Hincrt nhiu nghin cu p dng cch tip cn ny lm nn tng cho vic qun l ngh c ti rt nhiu khuvctrnthgii(xemFAO,2003).Trong khuvcngNam,mtsqucgiacng bt u nghin cu p dng cc phng phpnynhmthchinquyhochnghc. C th, Squires v cc cng s (2003) bc u p dng phng php DEA nghin cu cc ngh c o Java v a ra kt lun cn ct gim nng lc nh bt t 10 - 40% i vi tng ngh. Kirkley v cc cng s (2003) cng p dng phng php tng t nghin cu vnghlivyMalaysiavktlunmc nng lc nh bt hin vn ang m bo cho s pht trin bn vng. Phng php DEA ng dng trong phn tch nng lc nh bt s c trnh by chi tit trong bi vit sau.Saumtthiktngtrngnngvu t trong ngh c, y l lc Vit Nam cn phi nghimtcquantmvkhacnhkinhtv qun l ngh c t c mc tiu pht trin bn vng trong di hn. Qun l nng lc nh bttrnquanimtipcnnghcctrch nhim ca FAO s cung cp cho chng ta mt phngphpluntincynhmctgimcc tuthuynnhbtvenb.Mtkhc,pht trinccnghcxabphhpviccbin php qun l v bo tn ngun li (v d nh c ng i dng,) theo thng l quc t khng ch mang li cho chng ta cc li ch kinh t lu di m cn l nn tng rt c bn to ra s tin cy, ng thun v hp tc gia cc quc gia trongvnghngtigiiquytcctranh chptrnBinngtheolutphpvthng l quc t. TI LIU THAM KHO1.FAO, 1995. Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Rome.2.FAO,1998.Reportofthe Technical WorkingGroupontheManagementofFishingCapacity,LaJolla, California, United States, 15-18 April 1998. FAO Fisheries Report No. 586. Rome.3.FAO, 2003. Measuring and assessing capacity in sheries - Issues and Methods. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 433/2, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. 4.Fre,R.,Grosskopf,S.&Kokkenlenberg,E.,1989.Measuringplantcapacityutilizationandtechnical change: A non-parametric approach. International Economic Review, 30: pp. 655-666.5.Fox, W.W. Jr., 1970. An exponential surplus-yield model for optimizing exploited sh populations. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 99: 80-88.6.Garcia S. M., Newton C., 1997. Current situation, trends and prospects in world capture sheries, in Global Trends:FisheriesManagement-PikitchE.I.,HuppertD.D.,SissenwineM.P.,eds.AmericanFisheries Society Symposium, 20: 3-27.Tap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 2011fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NG O 1917.Greboval and Munro G., 1999. Overcapitalization and excess capacity in world sheries: underlying eco-nomics and methods of control, in Managing Fishing Capacity: Selected Papers on Underlying Concepts and Issues, D. Greboval, ed. (Rome, FAO).8.Hardin, G., 1968. The tragedy of the commons. Science 162: 1243-1248.9.Holt, S. J., 1965. A note on the relationship between mortality rate and the duration of life in an exploited sh popula tion. ICNAF Res. Bull. 2: 73-75.10.Johansen,L.,1968.Productionfunctionsandtheconceptofcapacity.CollectionEconomieetMathematique et Econometrie 2: 46-7211.Kirkley, J., Squires, D. & Strand, I.E., 1995. Assessing technical efciency in commercial sheries: The Mid-Atlantic sea scallop shery. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 77: 686-697.12.Kirkley, J., et al., 2003. Excess capacity and asymmetric information in developing country sheries: The Malaysian pure sein shery. Amer. J. Agr. Eco. 85(3): 647-662.13.Long,L.K.,2009.RegionalFisheriesManagementOrganisationwithanendogenousminimum participation level for cooperation in straddling stock sheries. Fisheries Reasearch, 97 (2): 42-52.14.Schaefer,M.,1954.Someaspectsofthedynamicsofpopulationsimportanttothemanagementofthe comercial marine sheries. Bull. 1-ATTC/Bol. CIAT, 1(2):27-56.15.Squires, D. and Kirkley, J., 1999. Skipper skill and panel data in shing industries. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 56 (11), 2011-2018.16.Squires, D., et al., 2003. Excess capacity and sustainable development in Java Sea sheries Environment and Development Economics 8: 105-127.17.UN., 1982. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. UN Doc. A/Conf 6218.Warming, J., 1913. Om grundrent af skergrunde, (On rent on shing grounds). Translated by P. Anderson (1982), Nationalokonomisk Tidsskrift, 49:499-505.Tap ch Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So3/ 2011192 O fPUONG /l HOC NH/ fP/NGVIT NAM VAY 125 TRIU USD PHT TRIN THY SNNgc MinhVit Nam s vay ca Ngn hng Th gii 125 triu USD theo ngun vn ODA thc hin d n Ngun li ven bin v s pht trin bn vng. ng Nguyn Quang Bc, i din Ban qun l cc d n nng nghip, B NN & PTNT cho bit nh trn. D n s c thc hin ti 8 tnh ben bin VN gm Thanh Ha, Ngh An, H Tnh, Bnh nh, Ph Yn, Khnh Ha, Sc Trng v C Mau trong 5 nm vi thi gian d kin bt u l thng 8.2012. D n hng ti cc mc tiu chnh: tng cng nng lc th ch nhm qun l ngun li mt cch bn vng h tr ngnh thy sn, y mnh thc hnh tt v nui trng v khai thc ngun li thy sn ven bin bn vng. Trong vic u t c c ngun sn xut tm ging sch bnh, cht lng tt cung cp cho ngi nui l mt trong nhng yu cu hng u ca d n. Ngun: Dn VitIU TRA TNG TH TI NGUYN THY SN VNV.V.THNHChiu17/6,PhThtngNguynThinNhnccuclmvicviBNngnghip v Pht trin nng thn (NN&PTNT) v hot ng khoa hc v cng ngh. Ti cuc lm vic, B Trng B NN&PTNT Cao c Pht nu ba vn m ng gi l ba iu c: Th nht, thc hin iu tra tng th ti nguyn thy sn vng bin VN c c s khoa hc iu hnh vic khai thc thy sn. Th hai, mi trng nc v cng nhy cm i vi ngnh thy sn, nhng hin nay B NN&PTNT khng c kh nng theo di lin tc din bin ca mi trng nc. Th ba, lin quan n c ch ti tr ngn sch cho nghin cu, chuyn giao khoa hc v cng ngh B NN&PTNT khng ch h tr cc n v nh nc m cn h tr c khi t nhn. Ph Th tng Nguyn Thin Nhn khng nh xy dng nc VN tr thnh quc gia mnh hn na v nng nghip, cn tp trung tho g nhng tn ti, lm sao cho li ch ca ngi lm khoa hc tng xng vi ng gp cho x hi. Ph Th tng khng nh ng h xut ca lnh o B NN&PTNT v vic xy dng n iu tra ti nguyn thy sn, cng nh m bo kinh ph thc hin. Ngun: Tui trflN fUC SU KlLN