c3010-ch 6 (highway)
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Transcript of c3010-ch 6 (highway)
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Chapter 6.0
Drainage
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What is HIGHWAY DRAINAGE?
Highway drainage is the process of
interception and removal of water from over,
under and the vicinity of the road surface.
Purpose of Highway DRAINAGE:-
To avoid stagnant water on road surface
To prevent from seepage of water into sub-grade To ensure the stability of the soil on the slope
guarantee.
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Objectives of the lesson:
1. Different types of source of water
2. The important of ground water table inthe roads drainage
3. The ways of water entering intopavement structure & sub-grade
4. The functions of surface & sub-surfacedrainage
5. Different types of drainage system
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6.1. Sources of water
TWO (2) types of sources of water are:-
1. Surface water (runoff)
2. Under surface water (groundwater)
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6.2. The important of ground water
levelin the roads drainage
Ground water is under the influence of surfacewater and intermixed with the water from anaquifer.
The importance of ground water level in roadsdrainage construction is where ground water canrise & low due to percolation process of waterfrom the surface water to the sub-grade area.
If the ground water level does not rise near of the
road sub-grade, it does not create any problembut if it does, it requires to be lowered as it willdefinitely weaken the strength of sub-gradelayer.
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6.3. The ways of water entering into
pavement structure & sub-grade
a. Entrance through pavement
b. Seepage through high ground
c. Change of ground water leveld. Seepage from road shoulder
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IA RESAPAN MELALUI TURAPAN
IA BOLEH DIHALANG DENGAN MEMBINA KETAPAK DARIPADABAHAN-BAHAN SEPERTI PASIR SETEBAL 100 HINGGA 150mm
AIR YANG MERESAP AKAN DIALIRKAN MELALUI SALIRAN
BAWAH TANAH
Entrance through pavement
(RESAPAN MELALUI TURAPAN)
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Seepage through high ground
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PARAS AIR BUMI MESTILAH DIPASTIKAN BERADA SEKURANG-
KURANGNYA 1 1.25 METER BAWAH FORMASI JALAN
PARAS AIR BUMI YANG TINGGI BOLEH DIRENDAHKAN DENGAN
MEMBINA PARIT SALIRAN BAWAH TANAH DIKEDUA-DUA BELAH
JALAN BERGANTUNG KEPADA LEBAR JALAN DAN JENIS JALAN
Change of ground water level
( PERGERAKAN LEMBAPAN DARI AIR BUMI )
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DENGAN MELANJUTKAN PEMBINAAN TAPAK DAN SUBGRED
HINGGA KEBAHU JALAN
IA JUGA DIHALANG DENGAN MENYEDIAKAN SATU BAHAN TIDAK
KALIS AIR DI ANTARA BAHU JALAN DAN TURAPAN
IA BIASANYA DILAKUKAN HANYA BAGI JALAN-JALAN YANG
PENTING SAHAJA SEPERTI LEBUH RAYA DAN SEBAGAINYA
Seepage from road shoulder
( PERGERAKAN LEMBAPAN DARI BAHU JALAN )
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6.4. The functions of surface & sub-surface drainage
Surface Drainage
Is the process to remove water from the road
surface.
Surface drainage will be prepared by cambering
the road structure and road surface, provide side
ditches, install intercepting drains, installinlets, catch basins and manholes.
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6.4. The functions of surface & sub-
surface drainageSub-surface Drainage
Is to remove seepage water from groundwater.
Too much of ground water can weaken thestrength of sub-grade layer.
Sub-soil being drainable by installing sidetrenches on both sides of road and follow by
installation of drain pipes and filled at top byfilter sand.
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6.5. Different types of drainage
system
Camber (Kamber)
Longitudinal slope (Cerunmemanjang)
Scupper drain & gully
Side Ditches (Parit tepian jalan)
Surface
Drainage
French drain (Parit Perancis)
Strip drain (Parit Jalur)
Land drain (Parit Tanah)
Intercepting drain (Parit pemintas)Sub-surface
Drainage
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CAMBER
Road surfaces camber is convex shape thatcan allow water to flow from peak to sides of
the road, then flow straight to the manholes
(drain, pipe, culvert)
Slope camber depend on the road surface
material.
Type of surface Camber slope
Gravel road and soil road surface 3 4 %
Road shoulder 3 4 %
Asphalt or concrete pavement 2 3 %
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LONGITUDINAL SLOPE
Longitudinal slope needed especially at the
side of road, roadside ditches and drain.
Longitudinal slope not too flat that is from
0.5%.
For hilly area, longitudinal slope will be too
steep, therefore water will flow along the
roads surface.
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SCUPPER DRAIN & GULLY Road with kerbs, water that flow at the
roadside pavement will be drained at certain
space through scupper drain and gully
Then the water will be flow through pipe and
flow it to drain or ditches.
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SIDE DITCHES
(Parit tepian jalan)
Side ditches are used along the roadway incuts and on ground that is fairly level and
sometimes adjacent to embankments area to
prevent water from flowing over cultivated orotherwise improved land.
The shape are: V shaped or trapezoidal
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KERBS AND GUTTERS
Curb or kerb and gutters are essential for the
city streets to drain off water quickly and to
maintain the cleanliness.
It is cast in concrete as one piece though kerb
and gutter combinations cut from stones are
also employed for the purpose
Strentgth: 80 kg/cm2 at 7 days and 200
kg/cm2 at 28 days
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INTERCEPTOR DRAINS
Interceptor drains are used on natural slopes to
prevent erosion of the cut-slopes in the hilly areasAlso used to relieve the side ditches of greater
discharge than the one for which they are designed.
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SALIRAN BAWAH TANAH
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PARIT PERANCIS (FRANCE DRAIN)
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PARIT JALUR (STRIP DRAIN)
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PARIT TANAH (LAND DRAIN)
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PARIT PEMINTAS (INTERCEPTING DRAIN)
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PEMBENTUNG PAIP (PIPE CULVERT)
PEMBENTUNG KEKOTAK (BOX CULVERT)
PEMBENTUNG GERBANG (ARCHED CULVERT)
PEMBENTUNG BALAK (BEAM CULVERT)
CROSS DRAINAGE
(JENIS-JENIS PEMBENTUNG)
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PEMBENTUNG PAIP (PIPE CULVERT)
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PEMBENTUNG KEKOTAK (BOX CULVERT)
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PEMBENTUNG GERBANG (ARCHED CULVERT)
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PEMBENTUNG BALAK (BEAM CULVERT)
PEMBENTUNG BALAK BIASANYA DIPERBUAT DARIPADA
KONKRIT BERTETULANG DAN SUSUNAN STRUKTURNYA
MENYERUPAI SATU JAMBATAN KECIL
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