C01 Henslin9e

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A Down-to-Earth Approach 9/eA Down-to-Earth Approach 9/e

Chapter 1:Chapter 1:

The Sociological PerspectiveThe Sociological Perspective

Chapter 1: The Sociological PerspectiveCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 2

How Groups Influence PeopleHow Groups Influence People

How People are Influenced by How People are Influenced by

Their SocietyTheir Society

People Who Share a CulturePeople Who Share a Culture

People Who Share a TerritoryPeople Who Share a Territory

Seeing the Broader Social Context

Seeing the Broader Social Context


JobsJobs

IncomeIncome

EducationEducation

Social Location - Corners in Life

Social Location - Corners in Life

GenderGender

AgeAge

Race/EthnicityRace/Ethnicity


History—Location in Broad History—Location in Broad

Stream of EventsStream of Events

Biography—Individual’s Biography—Individual’s

Specific ExperiencesSpecific Experiences

C. Wright Mills - History and Biography

C. Wright Mills - History and Biography


The Global VillageThe Global Village

Instant CommunicationInstant Communication

Sociology Studies both the Global Sociology Studies both the Global

Network and Our Unique ExperiencesNetwork and Our Unique Experiences

The Global Context and the Local

The Global Context and the Local


The Natural Sciences—Explain and The Natural Sciences—Explain and

Predict Events in Natural EnvironmentPredict Events in Natural Environment

The Social Sciences—Examine Human The Social Sciences—Examine Human

RelationshipsRelationships

Sociology and the Other Sciences



Anthropology - Studies CultureAnthropology - Studies Culture

Economics - Studies the Production and Economics - Studies the Production and

Distribution of Goods and ServicesDistribution of Goods and Services

Political Science - Studies How People Political Science - Studies How People

Govern Themselves Govern Themselves




Psychology - The Study of Psychology - The Study of

Processes Within IndividualsProcesses Within Individuals

Sociology - Similarities to Sociology - Similarities to

Other DisciplinesOther Disciplines




Explain Why Something HappensExplain Why Something Happens

Make GeneralizationsMake Generalizations

Look for PatternsLook for Patterns

Predict What will HappenPredict What will Happen

Move Beyond Common SenseMove Beyond Common Sense

The Goal of ScienceThe Goal of Science


Risks of SociologyRisks of Sociology

Nooks and Crannies People Prefer HiddenNooks and Crannies People Prefer Hidden

People Attempt to Keep SecretsPeople Attempt to Keep Secrets

People Feel Threatened by InformationPeople Feel Threatened by Information


Tradition vs. ScienceTradition vs. Science

Emerged mid-1800sEmerged mid-1800s

Grew Out of Social UpheavalGrew Out of Social Upheaval

Rethinking of Social LifeRethinking of Social Life

The Success of Natural SciencesThe Success of Natural Sciences

Origins of SociologyOrigins of Sociology


Applying the Scientific Method Applying the Scientific Method

to Social Worldto Social World

Coined the Term “Sociology”Coined the Term “Sociology”

““Armchair Philosophy”Armchair Philosophy”

Auguste Comte and Positivism

Auguste Comte and Positivism


Second Founder of SociologySecond Founder of Sociology

Lower and Higher Forms of SocietyLower and Higher Forms of Society

Coined Phrase “Survival of the Fittest”Coined Phrase “Survival of the Fittest”

Herbert Spencer - Social DarwinismHerbert Spencer - Social Darwinism


Engine of Human History is Class ConflictEngine of Human History is Class Conflict

The Bourgeoisie vs. The ProletariatThe Bourgeoisie vs. The Proletariat

Marxism Not the Same as CommunismMarxism Not the Same as Communism

Karl Marx and Class ConflictKarl Marx and Class Conflict


Got Sociology Recognized as Got Sociology Recognized as

Separate DisciplineSeparate Discipline

Studied How Social Forces Studied How Social Forces

Affect BehaviorAffect Behavior

Identified “Social Integration” - Identified “Social Integration” -

Degree to Which People are Degree to Which People are

Tied to Social GroupTied to Social Group

Durkheim and Social Integration

Durkheim and Social Integration


Religion and the Origin of CapitalismReligion and the Origin of Capitalism

Religion is Central Force in Social ChangeReligion is Central Force in Social Change

Protestant Ethic and Spirit of CapitalismProtestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism

Max Weber and the Protestant Ethic

Max Weber and the Protestant Ethic


Sociology Should be Value-FreeSociology Should be Value-Free

Sociology Should be ObjectiveSociology Should be Objective

Research Should Involve ReplicationResearch Should Involve Replication

Goals and Uses of SociologyGoals and Uses of Sociology

Values in Sociological Research

Values in Sociological Research


WeberWeber Verstehen - “To Grasp by Insight”Verstehen - “To Grasp by Insight” Importance of Subjective MeaningsImportance of Subjective Meanings

DurkheimDurkheim Stressed Social FactsStressed Social Facts Explain Social Facts with Other Explain Social Facts with Other

Social FactsSocial Facts How Social Facts and Verstehen Fit How Social Facts and Verstehen Fit

TogetherTogether

Verstehen and Social Facts

Verstehen and Social Facts


Attitudes of the TimeAttitudes of the Time 1800s Sex Roles Rigidly Defined1800s Sex Roles Rigidly Defined

Few People Educated Beyond BasicsFew People Educated Beyond Basics

Harriet MartineauHarriet Martineau Published Society in America Before Published Society in America Before

Durkheim and Weber Were BornDurkheim and Weber Were Born

Her Work was IgnoredHer Work was Ignored

Sexism in Early Sociology

Sexism in Early Sociology


Early History: Tension Between Social Early History: Tension Between Social Reform and Sociological AnalysisReform and Sociological Analysis

Jane Addams and Social ReformJane Addams and Social Reform W. E. B. Du Bois and Race RelationsW. E. B. Du Bois and Race Relations Talcott Parsons and C. Wright Mills: Talcott Parsons and C. Wright Mills:

Theory vs. ReformTheory vs. Reform Continuing Tension and Rise of Continuing Tension and Rise of

Applied SociologyApplied Sociology

Sociology in North America

Sociology in North America


Symbolic Interactionism - How Symbolic Interactionism - How

People Use Symbols in Everyday LifePeople Use Symbols in Everyday Life

Applying Symbolic Interactionism - Applying Symbolic Interactionism -

Changing the Meaning of Symbols Changing the Meaning of Symbols

Affects ExpectationsAffects Expectations

Network Analysis and the Capturing Network Analysis and the Capturing

of Saddam Husseinof Saddam Hussein

Theoretical PerspectivesTheoretical Perspectives


Emotional SatisfactionEmotional Satisfaction

The Love SymbolThe Love Symbol

The Meaning of ChildrenThe Meaning of Children

The Meaning of ParenthoodThe Meaning of Parenthood

Applying Symbolic Interactionism - Examples



Marital RolesMarital Roles

Perception of AlternativesPerception of Alternatives

The Meaning of DivorceThe Meaning of Divorce




Marital RolesMarital Roles

Perception of AlternativesPerception of Alternatives

The Meaning of DivorceThe Meaning of Divorce

Changes in the LawChanges in the Law




Society is a Whole Unit Made Up of Society is a Whole Unit Made Up of

Interrelated Parts that Work TogetherInterrelated Parts that Work Together

Functionalism, Structural FunctionalismFunctionalism, Structural Functionalism

Functional AnalysisFunctional Analysis


FunctionsFunctions

ManifestManifest

LatentLatent

DysfunctionsDysfunctions

Robert Merton and Functionalism

Robert Merton and Functionalism


Economic ProductionEconomic Production

Socialization of ChildrenSocialization of Children

Care of the Sick and ElderlyCare of the Sick and Elderly

Applying Functional Analysis



RecreationRecreation

Sexual ControlSexual Control

ReproductionReproduction




A Glimpse of the Past - 1800sA Glimpse of the Past - 1800s

Changes in the Functions of…Changes in the Functions of…

FamilyFamily

FriendsFriends




Karl Marx and Conflict TheoryKarl Marx and Conflict Theory

Conflict Theory TodayConflict Theory Today

Feminists and Conflict TheoryFeminists and Conflict Theory

Applying Conflict TheoryApplying Conflict Theory

Conflict TheoryConflict Theory


Functionalists and Conflict Functionalists and Conflict

Theorists - Macro LevelTheorists - Macro Level

Symbolic Interactionists - Symbolic Interactionists -

Micro LevelMicro Level

Levels of AnalysisLevels of Analysis


Sociology Full Circle: Reform Sociology Full Circle: Reform

vs. Research - Three Stagesvs. Research - Three Stages

Public SociologyPublic Sociology

Diversity of OrientationsDiversity of Orientations

GlobalizationGlobalization

Trends Shaping the Future

Trends Shaping the Future

Chapter 1:Chapter 1:

The Sociological PerspectiveThe Sociological Perspective

A Down-to-Earth Approach 9/eA Down-to-Earth Approach 9/e

C01 Henslin9e

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