INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES

MANAGEMENT

IWRMIN CRITICAL ARID BASIN OF

IRAN(MASHHAD BASIN)

By:

SAEED NAIRIZI

TOOSSAB CONSULTING ENGINEERS

Catchments Area : 16400 km2

Length of Basin: 370 kmMean annual rainfall : 275 mmAltitude

Max: 3302 mMean: 1328 mMin: 390 m

Total Population in Basin: 3 Millionwater scarcity index: 370 m3/capita/year

Mashhad city 1972 Area : 15 km2 , Pop. : 0.55 million

Mashhad city 2003 Area : 160 km2 , Pop. : 2.5 million

Surface WaterSurface WaterMain branches :Freeze , Akhlamad , Golmakan , Shandiz , Torogh , Radkan , Ardak , Kalateh menar , Kardeh , Mahnesa

Torogh

Kar

deh

Ard

ak

Shandiz

Mah

nesa

KashafrodMean Annual runoff :

250 MCM

Used Water : 205 MCM

Outflow : 45 MCM

Kashafrood Groundwater Resources (The Main)

Ground water recharge : 945 MCM/yearGround water extraction :1145 MCM/yearGround water deficit : -200 MCM/year

W.L. Drawdown from 1963 to 1973 : 7 m (0.7 m/year)W.L. Drawdown from 1974 to 2002 : 33 m (1.2 m/year)

Mashhad Plain Groundwater Use

Mashhad Plain Groundwater Use

4.6 x 109 m3 Over-exploitation

Mashhad Plain Groundwater Use

4.6 x 109 m3 Over-exploitation

2.5 x 109 m3 Over-exploitation

Agricultural Development in Kashafrod Basin

Year 1972Irrigated Area : 100,000 haPercentage of Cereals on crop patterns: 72

Agricultural Development in Kashafrod Basin

Year 2003Irrigated Area : 130,000 haPercentage of Cereals on crop patterns : 55

Development of Industries in Kashafrod Basin

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1965 1975 1985 1995 2005year

Num

ber

Number of Industrial Plants

Kashafrood basin water uses in different sectors

Surface water resources : 205 MCMGroundwater resources : 1145 MCM

Agriculture1,040 MCM

(77%)

Industry& Services

75 MCM(6%)

Potable235 MCM

(17%)

Kashafrood groundwater Quality (Ec dS/m)

Mashhad Plain

Narimani Plain

Agh Darband Plain

Land Subsidence in Mashhad Plain

Challenges and problemsChallenges and problemsSurface water control : more than 80%There is no more surface water to control

Groundwater table drawdown : more than 1 m/year

Rapid population and water use growth

Surface and ground water pollution

Sectarian water resource management

Land subsidence

The Solution

IWRMWith focus on

Water DemandManagement

And

Participatory Decision Making

Time Stages in IWRM Implementation

3 Year

5 Year

Short TermCrisis Mitigation (Action Plan Implementation)

Mid TermEnvironmental degradation control strategies

Long TermEnvironmental enhancement strategies

Continuously

Crisis Mitigation

Action Plan

Main Steps in Action Plan

Planning and conducting studies related to IWRMSetting up Basin Management StructurePreparing and executing EAPPreparing guidelines for mid and long term strategiesPreparing Decision Support System Preparing monitoring and evaluation system

Planning and Conducting studies for IWRM

Quantitative and qualitative assessment of existing water resourcesEvaluating and estimating present consumption and future demands on water, related to different sectorsEvaluating present status of water governance & stakeholder participationDevelopment of a basin-wide water knowledge database Preparing suggestion for:

EAPStrategies guideline (Mid & Long Term)Participatory decision making framework & DSS Monitoring & Evaluation System

Setting up Basin Management Structure

Proposed Basin Management StructureManagement Unit

Ministry of EnergyKhorasan Water AuthorityUNESCO Tehran Office

Executive BoardSteering CommitteeTechnical Advisory CommitteeFerdowsi University of MashhadConsultants

Water CouncilKhorasan Government StateKhorasan Water AuthorityKhorasan Organization of Jihad-e-Agriculture (Agriculture Authority)Khorasan Water and Wastewater CompanyKhorasan Environmental OrganizationIndustry & Mines Organization (NGO)Mashhad City Council (NGO)Farmer Organization (NGO)Other NGOs

Setting up Basin Management Structures

Duties and Responsibilities of Management UnitFunding support of proposed projectsPlanning macro strategies in the basinEvaluating effectiveness of executed projectsInternational communication and experience transferReviewing Executive Board reportsPlanning investment policiesPursuing projects demands through higher levels of the government executivesPresenting progress reports to National Water Supreme Council

Setting up Basin Management Structures

Duties and Responsibilities of Executive BoardPursue to supply funding supportsApproving the projects outcomes and deliverablesSubmitting approved policies and projects to State Planning Council to be executed by the related organizationsAssessing IWRM performance in different sectorsStating dialogues with Water Council for coordination of policies and projectsSubmitting progress reports to Management UnitOrganizing workshops and seminars to improve capacity building and public awarenessProvision of new rules and regulations to be adopted by related organizations

Setting up Basin Management Structures

Duties and Responsibilities of Water CouncilEvaluating and approving proposed projects and strategiesParticipating of members in decision making processes effectivelySubmitting the Council resolutions to the Executive BoardPursuing the execution of proposed projects in related organizationsConflict resolution between stakeholdersCoordinating between governmental and nongovernmental organizations

Preparing and Executing Emergency Action Plan

EAP (in short term) toDecline in groundwater over-exploitation rateDecline in water resources pollutionRe-Allocating water resources to different sectorsPromoting water recycling and application of non-conventional watersPreparing regulations and guidelines

Preparing guidelines for Mid and Long Term Strategies

Land Use PlanningWater Productivity EnhancementDemand Management Implementation:

Improving water use pattern in different sectorsAllocating water with different qualities to different consumptions

Water Harvesting

Preparing Decision Support System

DSS ElementsMeasurement system

Remote sensing In-situ measurement surveys

Rule and knowledge basesData basesGIS

Information system

Natural system models

User functional models

Economic models

Model system

Evaluation toolsStrategy development

tools

System development

tools

Simple diagnostic tools

Analysis system

Geographical

presentationsU

ser friendly interface

user

Preparing Monitoring and Evaluation System

Setting up an office to assess progress and revise plansPreparing evaluation indexes of IWRM effectiveness Monitoring evaluation indexes in IWRM systemRevise plan (if necessary)

Reporting to Basin Management Unit

Ongoing TasksHolding a Workshop Regarding IWRM Objectives in the Basin

Setting up Steering Committee

Setting up Technical Advisory Committee

Providing Financial Sponsors

Preparing a draft version of IWRM TOR and Methodology to be executed by an appropriate consultant

Thank YouFor

Your Attention