By: Panos Theodoropoulos and Nikitas Georgakopoulos.
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Transcript of By: Panos Theodoropoulos and Nikitas Georgakopoulos.
By: Panos Theodoropoulos and Nikitas Georgakopoulos
It was started by Stalin and lasted from the year 1928 to the year 1940
Its Goals:Extinguish the classes of urban society
Secure food for the urban Population
Produce enough to export
Economically
Politically
Socially
Peasants slaughtered animals creating greater food shortages than before
Trade unions were converted into mechanisms for mass production
Mass deportations of any opposition
Reduced output
By 1932- 61.5% of peasants food stockings were collectivized
By 1939, the sown area of Russia was 1/3 larger than that in 1913
Output of grain doubled from 1914Low income for farmers
Government could sell their produce for great income
Machines were bought with all the surplus money
Article published by the newspaper Pravda in 1930
Talks about how all goals have been met “... some of our comrades have become
dizzy with success and for the moment have lost clearness of mind and sobriety of vision”
After this article the pressure of collectivization abated
Reduced number of collective farms for a very short while
The Smoke of Chimneys is the Breath of Soviet Russia
"Small-scale production gives birth to capitalism and the bourgeoisie constantly, daily, hourly, with elemental force, and in vast proportions."- Lenin
Stalin began to stray from MarxismAttempt at decreasing the power of KulaksBureau of West Siberian Regional Executive Committee
Plans on how to find and what to do with kulaks
Opposition within the parties
On Forced Collectivization of Livestock
The collectivization campaign in the USSR, 1930s. The slogan reads: "We kolkhoz farmers are liquidating the kulaks as a class, on the basis of complete collectivization.
People buying into Stalin’s ideas
Stalin met opposition in an authoritative way
Government responded to opposition by cutting off food supplies to areas of protest Reasons- sabotaging of collectivization
This was a famine/genocideCut off food supplies to UkraineCreated internal passports so no one could
enter the Soviet UnionStalin’s reasons
Ukrainians were sabotaging the partyThis sabotage was organized by kulaks
Other reasonsStalin wanted to hit Ukrainian
nationalism
Child victim of Holodomor
Collectivization- massively opposed by peasants
Deportations to SiberiaMore collectivized farms
Still famines and scarcity of food
Ex. Famine of (1932-1933)Millions of resisters starved to death or were killed
Picture of USSR military man shooting peasants
Feigin visited farms Reported that people have a lot less livestock and food than they had before
Shows the results of the opposition by the peasants and the forcible collection of products by the government
Kulaks were sent to Gulag camps
Stalin cut of food supplies to areas that protested
Depiction of Gulag camps found in Kersnovskaya’s notebook - prisoner
Collectivization was (in the long run) successful in aiding the process of USSR’s industrialization
However, the amount of human casualties and the disrespect towards basic human rights that was exhibited cannot be excused- Stalin admitted the deaths of 10 million people during the collectivization process
The collectivization process is a perfect example of Stalin’s authoritarian approach to government control and how his politics strayed from his declared ideology
Primary Sources:
Feigin. "Letter From Feigin." Letter to Sergo [Ordzhonikidze]. 9 Apr. 1932. Soviet Archives Exhibit. Web. 24 Feb. 2010. <http://www.ibiblio.org/expo/soviet.exhibit/aa2feig1.html>.
Stalin, Joseph. "Reply to Collective- Farm Comrades." Pravda [Moscow] 3 Apr. 1930: 492-518. Print.
Stalin, Josheph. "Dizzy With Success." Pravda [Moscow] 2 Mar. 1930: 483-91. Print.
USSR. Bureau of the West Siberian Regional Executive Committee. Hrono. 2001. Web. 24 Feb. 2010. <http://www.hrono.info/dokum/193_dok/19310505kolh.html>.
USSR. Central Committee of All-Union Communist Party. Politburo. On Forced Publication. Print.
USSR. Council of People's Commissars. 1932. Ukrainian Famine. Web. 24 Feb. 2010. <http://history.hanover.edu/courses/excerpts/111famine.html>.
Secondary Sources:
"| Heroes & Villains | Stalin & industrialisation | Background." The National Archives. Web. 23 Feb. 2010. <http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/heroesvillains/background/g4_background.htm#3>.
Boyar, Ender. Rep. Web. 24 Feb. 2010. <http://www.fatih.edu.tr/~enderboyar/collectivefarms.htm>.
Luhovy, Artem Y. "The 1932-33 Famine-Genocide in Soviet Ukraine." 2003 Writing Competition. 23 Feb. 2010. Reading.
Rivers, John. "Collectivization and the War on Peasantry in the USSR, 1930-41." Associated Content. 21 Jan. 2010. Web. 24 Feb. 2010. <http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/2612343/collectivization_and_the_war_on_peasantry.html?cat=37>.
"Totalitarianism in Europe (1919 - 1939)." TheCorner. Web. 23 Feb. 2010. <http://www.thecorner.org/hist/total/s-russia.htm>.