By Ms. Fockler Project Sample. North Africa Located around the Nile river Flood plains =...
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Transcript of By Ms. Fockler Project Sample. North Africa Located around the Nile river Flood plains =...
GEOGRAPHY North Africa Located around the Nile river Flood plains = year-long agriculture 2 distinct regions: upper and lower
Egypt
VIDEO INTRODUCTION egypt video
THE OLD KINGDOM (3150 – 2150 BCE)* Menes unites
Upper and Lower Egypt in 3150 BCE
Becomes the first Pharaoh of a unified Egypt
First capital at Memphis
Lots of innovation in arts and scienceThe Double Crown of Unified Egypt
*see your sample slide content worksheets
THE NEW KINGDOM (1550 - 1000 BCE) Time of a strong empire, powerful
pharaohs, and expansion This could be called Egypt’s “Golden
Age”
A CLOSER LOOK:RAMSES II (RULED 1279 - 1213 BCE)
Conquered many territories for Egypt
Made the first written peace treaty
Was the most famous and powerful Pharaoh in all of Egyptian history
GOVERNMENT Had rulers that were
like kings, but were considered gods on earth. They were called Pharaohs.
Pharaohs appointed advisors to help run the different branches of the government - called a bureaucracy
Allowed the Pharaoh to keep tight control on his peopleThe anointing of the Pharaoh by Horus and
Thoth, gods of the pharaoh and of wisdom
ECONOMY The Economy was strictly controlled by
the government Temples gathered and distributed grain Egyptians used a money-barter system,
where a certain amount of grain equaled a certain amount of copper or silver. Workers got paid in grain.
Coinage (money) did not evolve until the 5th century BCE
SOCIETY Egyptian society was
very divided Most people were
farmers, but the government owned the land AND the farmer’s crops.
Farmers also had to pay taxes and work on the government’s construction projects
SOCIETY, CONT Artists and craftsmen had higher
status than farmers, but were still controlled by the government
Scribes and officials were members of the upper class
Priests, physicians (doctors), and engineers were also part of the upper classes
The highest class in Egypt was the nobility, or the Pharaoh’s family
SOCIETY, CONT Egyptian law viewed
everyone, except slaves, as equal under the law
This meant that men and women could own and sell property, marry and divorce, receive inheritance, etc
Ancient Egyptian women had a lot more freedom than women in other ancient societies.
SLAVERY We know there was slavery in Egypt, but
no one knows exactly how it worked Maybe you can study it in college and
find out for us?
THE LEGAL SYSTEM The Pharaoh was the head of justice in
the kingdom – he was responsible for law and order
Egyptians relied on agreements and resolving conflicts instead of abiding by a set of strict laws.
Serious cases, like murder, were referred to the Great Kenbet, or a council that the Pharaoh or his advisors oversaw.
Court scribes wrote down everything that happened in the cases – like ours do today!
JUSTICE Punishments for breaking a law/causing
harm were fines, beatings, facial mutations, or exile.
Punishment for serious crimes, like robbery or murder, was often execution.
ART & ARCHITECTURE Egypt is famous for its pyramids Most famous: the pyramids at Giza
Built between 2300-2200 BCEBuilt for Pharaoh KhufuHoused the remains of the Pharaohs for the
afterlife
EGYPTIAN RELIGION* Polytheistic meaning many gods Each god looked over a certain part of life or
death Examples:
*See sample slide worksheet #2
Ra, god of the sun
Anubis, god of embalming
Osiris, god of the dead
Isis, goddess of magic and wife of Osiris
BELIEFS ABOUT THE AFTERLIFE
The body had to be preserved for the soul to return to every evening. This led to…
Mummies! Internal organs removed Body embalmed in oils and wrapped in cloth
AFTERLIFE
Once you died, your soul travelled to the hall of Two Truths
Heart vs the Feather of Truth Weighs more fed to the Eater of the Dead Weighs less pass into the afterlife
CONTRIBUTIONS – TECHNOLOGY Science and Math
Geometry and Engineering: used in building the pyramids
Great medical practices thanks to their knowledge of the body from mummies
Developed a 365 day calendar
CONTRIBUTIONS - WRITING
WritingHieroglyphics:
symbols for certain words and sounds
Written on papyrus scrolls
Used formal and informal writing
Example at right is formal
WRITING – THE ROSETTA STONE
The Rosetta Stone helped scholars decipher the Egyptian language, which no one was able to understand until the mid-1800s
That’s over 2000 years of not knowing what the Egyptians wrote!
COLLAPSE OF EGYPT Overrun by different invaders Finally fully under foreign control by the
Persians in the 700 - 600s BCE Alexander the Great conquered Egypt in
332 BCE and started a new dynasty of rulers
Alexander the Great