Building Technology report

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 [ARC3514 / ARC3512]

Tutor: Ms. Cheryl Ngiam

Ch’ng Xing Yue 0310425

Project 1 – Alternative Construction

Solution and Documentation

CONTENT PAGE

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Design Brief And Objectives 1

1.2 Existing Design Drawings

1.2.1 Floor Plans 2-4

1.2.2 Elevations 5

1.2.3 Sections 5

2.0 Precedent Study

2.1 Handmade School Rudrapur, Bangladesh 6-7

2.2 Children's Activity and Learning Center, Thailand 8-9

2.3 Craftstone Stone Veneer Over Brick Wall 10

3.0 Existing and Modified Systems

3.1 Comparison & Analysis

3.1.1 Roof System 11

3.1.2 Floor System 12

3.1.3 Wall System 13

3.2 Material Specifications 14-16

4.0 Appendix 17

5.0 References 18-19

6.0 Working Drawings

Visitor Appreciation Centre

Location: Belum Rainforest Resort

Function: Environmental Education

Users: Tourists, Belum Rainforest Resort, Researchers, Local Community

The main intention of the Visitor Appreciation Centre (VAC) is to create opportunity for

human to experience Nature and instill knowledge on the beauty of the tropical rainforest

while acting as a port directly connecting people to the Royal Belum Rainforest.

Inspired by the tree in the middle of lake surface that relates back to the history of Belum

rainforest and Temenggor lake, this VAC intends to bring out the flow of water through the

movement along the spaces, to experience the surrounding of the site.

To allow adequate daylighting and ventilation through the spaces while creating a warmth

feeling to the building, indigenous materials such as bamboos, timber and rammed earth

are used. The walls are made up of bamboo poles tied together, while the pitched roof is

made up of timber shingles with timber trusses.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Design Brief And Objectives

1

ROOF PLAN N.T.S

1.2 Existing Design Drawings

1.2.1 Floor Plans

2

GROUND FLOOR PLAN N.T.S

3

FIRST FLOOR PLAN N.T.S

4

SOUTH ELEVATION N.T.S.

EAST ELEVATION N.T.S.

SECTION A-A N.T.S.

1.2.2 Elevations

1.2.3 Sections

5

The structure of the school is primarily made of earth mixed with straw, sand, and clay,

which then hand-placed by the locals to form the thick walls. Bricks were used as

foundation to strengthen the structure, with a plastic moisture barrier between it and the

walls above.

For the construction above ground floor, bamboos fixed with steel rod in lieu of bolts

were used as roof and supporting columns and beams. The pinned and lashed bamboo

construction allows the joints to move during strong winds, making it flexible. For the

first floor, bamboo latticework acts as the walls to create an airy and light feel in the

space.

6

2.0 Precedent Study

Prototype of the floor in 1:1 scale Triple layers bamboo of floor frame

With compact earth flooring above

Tying method using nylon

rope at joint with steel

dowel

First floor roof construction resting on

compact earth walls and floor

Floor to column Column to roofJoint of beam, wall and roof supporting column

7

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This manta ray-inspired children center with its large organic canopy cantilevering

up to 8 meters is anchored into a rocky slope and is faced towards the bay. The

canopy formed by the complex intertwining of bamboo members with bamboo

shingles covering it provides shading and protection from the extremes of tropical

climate. Besides the massive roof with open interior spaces ensure the spaces are

always well ventilated and lit from indirect light, maintaining the thermal comfort in

the building.

The interior flooring is made up of local plantation river red gum wood, resting on

the weaved bamboo structures. Due to the versatile characteristics of bamboo

reeds, different sizes of bamboos are used for the construction. The larger poles are

used for the two anchoring columns that attach to a large concrete pylon.

Transitioning from the column base into the roof the sizes of the bamboo members

decrease, to allow more flexibility in making the overall form. Instead, the bamboo

are grouped together to form beams on perpendicular grids. Lastly, the bamboos

are split and flattened to create the roof tiles.

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Installation:

Surfaces are cleaned and ensure dry before applying any mortar. The mortar is

applied as a scratch coat, 6mm or 8mm on the bricks to provide a good bonding

surface for the stone veneer. Score the scratch coat horizontally with a notched

trowel to create proper platform for stone placement.

The corner stone should be lay onto the wall first. Flat stone panels are then placed

once the corner stones are lay completely.

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System Advantages Disadvantages

Existing

Timber shingles with timber trusses

• Recyclable and renewable materials

• Good insulation properties of wood contributing

to long-term energy savings

• Texture and color of wood enhance visual

aesthetic

• Lightweight and low expansion and contraction

rate

• Easy installation

• Durability problem especially with tropical climate

• Maintenance and weather resistance prevention

needed

• Flammable

Proposed

Bamboo shingles with bamboo supporting structure

• Renewable material

• Lightweight and strong

• Flexible, allowing more organic shape

• Good insulation properties

• Cheap and fast growing material


• Requires preservation, low durability if untreated

• Hard to standardize shape

• Jointing problems

• Lack of design guidance and detailing

• Flammable

3.1.1 Roof System

Precedent studies: Handmade School Rudrapur, Bangladesh

Children's Activity And Learning Center, Thailand

11

3.0 Existing and Modified Systems

3.1 Comparison and Analysis


Existing

Timber planking on wooden beams and columns

• More lightweight compared to rammed earth

flooring

• Good texture and visual appearance


• Recyclable material

• Requires maintenance and preservation

• Timber is sensitive to humidity and dampness and

overexposure to sunlight

• Less easy jointing and precision compared to steel

structure

• Timber is more expensive than bamboo

Proposed

Rammed earth on bamboo beams and columns

• Distinct appearance and texture

• Natural and readily available

• Reusable after demolishing

• Use of local soil encourages sustainability practice

• Abundant local materials

• Heavy

• Labor intensive for construction

• Requires longer time to construct

• Durability problems and requires care

3.1.2 Floor System

Precedent study: Handmade School Rudrapur, Bangladesh

12


Existing

Rammed earth wall system

• Strong and can be used as load bearing wall

• Pleasant natural appearance and texture

• Use of local material and sustainable

• Good thermal insulation due to high thermal mass

• Better indoor air quality due to the natural material

• Easy disintegration of wall if not properly preserved

due to the exposure of wall system to external

climatic factors

• Labor intensive

• High thermal mass, might absorb too much heat

and increase heat gain of building during hot days

• Longer construction time

• Permeable and absorb moisture if water resistance

layer is not applied

Proposed

Double brick wall with stone veneers

• More light weight and can be used as load bearing

wall

• More variety of stone veneers to choose for wall

cladding

• Easy and fast installation compared to rammed

earth wall

• Good thermal insulation due to high thermal mass

• Brick is locally available material and easy

transportation

• High durability

• Installation has to be done correctly to prevent end

corner and joint problems

• Stone veneer might break off

• High cost if chosen stone veneer is not locally

available

3.1.3 Wall System

Precedent study: Craftstone Stone Veneer Over Brick Walls

13

Elements Materials Sizes and material properties Manufacturer Image

Roof and

Column

System

Bamboo shingles • No standard sizes

• Made up of flattened bamboo sections

Chiangmai Life

Construction Co., Ltd.

Bamboo poles • Diameter: 1 ½” (40mm) to 5” (125mm)

• Length: maximum 20feets (6 meters)

Malaysia Bamboo

Floor

System

Rammed earth floor • High gravel content (up to 60%) for

higher load bearing capacity

Chiangmai Life

Construction Co., Ltd.

Wall System Cape Brown Schist Clad

stone veneer

• 550x 200mm (panels)

• 410 x 200mm (Natural ends)

• 380 x 200mm (90 Degree corner)

Craftstone New Zealand

Ltd.

Clay facing brick • Dimensions: 215 x 102 x 70 mm

• Dry weight: 2.8kg/ piece

• Compressive strength: >45N/mm²

• Water absorption: < 8%

Kia Lim Berhad

3.2 Material Specifications

14


Ground

Floor

System

Teak flooring plank Length: 450mm- 2400mm

Width: 80mm/90/mm/100mm

Thickness: 15mm/ 20mm

Westwood Floorings

Bona Oil 45 • 5L and 1L containers

• For timber surface treatment

• Dry solids 45%

• Based on tall oil from pine trees

Bona Norden

Basement

Oldroyd Gtx cavity drainage

membrane

• Studded polypropylene membrane with

geotextile filter fleece

• Function:

-Drainage layer for external basement

waterproofing applications

- Allows moisture to move behind the

membrane and allow for shrinkage

movement when screeds are laid on top

• Size: 2m x 15m

• Thickness: 5mm

• Air Gap (determines flow capacity):

3.5 I/m2

Safeguard Europe Ltd

Vandex Super

• Function: In-depth crystalline active

waterproofing slurry

• Bulk Density: 1.25 kg/l

• Colour: Cement Grey

• Setting Time: 60 minutes

• Aggregate state: Powder

Safeguard Europe Ltd

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16


Basement

Blown socket perforated pipe

Length: 6 meters

Diameter: 89mm

To collect and remove surface water in

agricultural, retaining walls and french

drains.

Types available: blown socket and ring

seal socket

Lightweight and easy installation

Brett Martin Ltd

Thistlebond-it plastering • Mixture of Vinyl Acetate emulsion,

mineral fillers, organics additives and

antibacterial agent

• Available in 10 litres tub

• Undercoat for plastering

• Green in color for easy identification

• Does not require dilution

• Contains fine aggregates for better

adhesion

British Gypsum

Manufacturer/ Construction

Company

Address Contact Products/ Services

Craftstone New Zealand Ltd. 6C Piermark Drive | Albany 0632 |

Auckland | NZ

Phone: 09 447 3918

Fax: 09 447 3919

Email: [email protected]

Stone veneer cladding system

Chiangmai Life Construction Co.,

Ltd.

326 Thanon Kan Klong,

T. Nong Kwai,

A. Hangdong,

Chiang Mai, 50230

Thailand

Phone: 053 430 142

Mobile Phone: 0810 288 764

Rammed earth wall, bamboo roofs,

rammed earth floor

Kia Lim Berhad Wisma Ng Hoo Tee,

79, Jalan Muar,

Parit Sulong,

83500 Batu Pahat,

Johor Darul Takzim,

Malaysia.

Phone: (+60) 7 4188 999

Fax: (+60) 7 4188 820

Clay brick manufacturer

Malaysia Bamboo Lot 52, KG Kenangan 18,

43100 Hulu Langat,

Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

Mobile Phone: 019 263 1412 Bamboo poles supplier

Bona Norden Murmansgatan 130200 21 Malmö,

SwedenPhone: 040-38 55 90


Timber flooring treatment wax

Safeguard Europe Ltd. Redkiln Close, Horsham, West

Sussex. United Kingdom. RH13 5QL

Phone: 01403 210204

Fax: 01403 217529


Damp-proofing and waterproofing

products for construction

British Gypsum Gotham Road East Leake

Loughborough Leicestershire LE12

6HX

Phone: 0115 945 1000

Email:

[email protected]

Thistlebond-it

Brett Martin Ltd. 24 Roughfort Road, Newtownabbey,

Co. Antrim, BT36 4RB, UK

Phone: +44 (0) 28 9084 9999

Fax: +44 (0) 28 9083 6666


Plumblng and drainage

Westwood Floorings GF-1, Westwood Heights,

Gandhi Square,

Poonithura, Cochin

Phone: +91 484 3022 000

+91 99959 76666

Fax: +91 484 3022 004

E-mail: [email protected]

Wood floorings

4.0 Appendix

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5.0 ReferencesAkshay Shah. (2014). A bamboo ecological construction, learning and exhibition centre(Master's thesis, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand).

Retrieved from http://unitec.researchbank.ac.nz/

Brettmartin.com,. (2015). Perforated Pipe | Surface Water Drainage Systems | Brett Martin. Retrieved from http://www.brettmartin.com/en-gb/plumbing-and-

drainage/products/underground/surface-water-2/perforated-pipe.aspx

British-gypsum.com,. (2015). Thistle Bond-It . Retrieved, from http://www.british-gypsum.com/products/thistlebond-it

Building technologies: Wood shingle and shake roofing. (207, June). Retrieved from http://www.thenbs.com/topics/ConstructionProducts/articles/shingleRoofing.asp

Chiang Mai Life Construction. (n.d.). Bamboo Treatment. Retrieved from http://www.chiangmailifeconstruction.com/welcome/bamboo/bamboo-treatment/

Craftstone. (n.d.). Construction Details. Retrieved April 27, 2015, from http://www.craftstone.co.nz/construction-details/

Hudson, D. (2013, January 10). 24H architecture: children's activity and learning center, thailand. Retrieved from http://www.designboom.com/architecture/24h-

architecture-childrens-activity-and-learning-center-thailand/

Kia Lim Berhad. (n.d.). Clay Bricks. Retrieved April 30, 2015, from http://www.kialim.com.my/bricks-spec.php

Malaysia Bamboo. (n.d.). Products & Services. Retrieved May 5, 2015, from http://www.malaysiabamboo.com/products-services.html

Novak, C. A. (2014, December). Architectural Stone Veneers: Authentic and Appropriate Technology. Retrieved from http://continuingeducation.construction.com

Panyaden School. (2010, July 9). The Bamboo Treatment Process. Retrieved from http://www.panyaden.ac.th/construction-blog/the-bamboo-treatment-process-at-clc/

Purviance, K. (2010, May 3). Handmade School in Bangladesh. Retrieved from http://blog.architectureaddiction.com

Roselieb, M. (2010, December 23). Rain Protection | Panyaden School Construction Blog. Retrieved from http://www.panyaden.ac.th/construction-blog/rain-protection/

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Safeguardeurope.com,. (2015). Oldroyd Gtx Range | Geotextile cavity drainage membranes for basement waterproofing ∕ vertical and horizontal drainage applications.

Retrieved from http://www.safeguardeurope.com/products/oldroy

Sharma, P., Dhanwantri, K., & Mehta, S. (2014). Bamboo as a Building Material.International Journal of Civil Engineering Research, 5(3), 249-254 © Research.

Retrieved from http://www.ripublication.com/ijcer.htm

Static.safeguardeurope.com,. (2009). Oldroyd Xs. Kragerø Næringspark. Retrieved from http://static.safeguardeurope.com/pdfs/bba_ol

Stephens, S. G. (2012, May 24). METI Handmade School | Rudrapur. Retrieved from http://sgstephens.com/2012/05/24/meti-handmade-school-rudrapur/

The Museum of Moden Art. (n.d.). METI: Handmade School. Retrieved from http://www.moma.org

VandexSuper/ Super White. (2015).

Retrieved from http://static.safeguardeurope.com/pdfs/vandex_super_white.pdf

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