BUILDING RESILIENT COMMUNITIES Dr. Barbara Carby The Cayman Islands LEADERS 2006, Jamaica.
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Transcript of BUILDING RESILIENT COMMUNITIES Dr. Barbara Carby The Cayman Islands LEADERS 2006, Jamaica.
BUILDING RESILIENT BUILDING RESILIENT COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES
Dr. Barbara CarbyDr. Barbara Carby
The Cayman IslandsThe Cayman Islands
LEADERS 2006, JamaicaLEADERS 2006, Jamaica
LEADERS 2006 COURSELEADERS 2006 COURSE
MODULE 3 : NATIONAL SYSTEMSMODULE 3 : NATIONAL SYSTEMS
LECTURE 2. BUILDING RESILIENT LECTURE 2. BUILDING RESILIENT COMMUNITIES:REVISITING THE COMMUNITIES:REVISITING THE DEVELOPMENT DIALOGUEDEVELOPMENT DIALOGUE
SESSION OUTLINESESSION OUTLINE5 Mins. GROUP WORK – DESIGN A 5 Mins. GROUP WORK – DESIGN A
RESILIENTRESILIENT NATIONAL DISASTER RISK NATIONAL DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEMMANAGEMENT SYSTEM
10 Min – PRESENT DESIGNS10 Min – PRESENT DESIGNS DiscussionDiscussion
Session WillSession Will
Examine the concept of Resilience,Examine the concept of Resilience,
its importance and consequences of its importance and consequences of non-resilient systems.non-resilient systems.
The question of how resilience can be The question of how resilience can be achieved will be examined.achieved will be examined.
RESILIENCERESILIENCE
Resilience – what is it?Resilience – what is it?
Ability to prepare for, recover from,Ability to prepare for, recover from,
the impact of hazards in ways that the impact of hazards in ways that prevent or minimise disruption and prevent or minimise disruption and mitigate the effects of future hazardsmitigate the effects of future hazards
RESILIENCERESILIENCE
Why is it important?Why is it important?
IVAN - ImpactIVAN - Impact
GrenadaGrenada
% GDP 212% GDP 212
Impact on Productive Impact on Productive Sector EC 539.2 mSector EC 539.2 m
Infrastructure Infrastructure 262.4m262.4m
% of Housing 89% of Housing 89
% Population 79% Population 79
CaymanCayman
% GDP 138% GDP 138
Impact on Productive Impact on Productive Sector CI 1117.7mSector CI 1117.7m
Infrastructure Infrastructure 488.4m488.4m
% of Housing 83% of Housing 83
% Population 83 % Population 83
Cost of VulnerabilityCost of Vulnerability
Infrastructure and Lifeline SystemsInfrastructure and Lifeline Systems
Northridge Earthquake 1994Northridge Earthquake 1994
27% of regional business loss due to 27% of regional business loss due to Highway disruptionHighway disruption
Kobe Earthquake 1995Kobe Earthquake 1995
Infrastructure failure brought business Infrastructure failure brought business activity almost to a halt activity almost to a halt
Cost of VulnerabilityCost of Vulnerability
Infrastructure and Lifeline SystemsInfrastructure and Lifeline Systems
2003 Blackout of NE Coast2003 Blackout of NE Coast, N , N AmericaAmerica
Cost US$ 4-10b in economic lossCost US$ 4-10b in economic loss
Cayman Is 2004Cayman Is 2004Loss of function of airport and port costLoss of function of airport and port costCI$ 6.04m of 15.7m impactCI$ 6.04m of 15.7m impact
Damage is only part of the story…..Damage is only part of the story…..
Cayman Islands 2004Cayman Islands 2004
Total impact on InfrastructureTotal impact on Infrastructure
CI$410m of which 90.5m was CI$410m of which 90.5m was lossloss of of revenue and increased operating revenue and increased operating costcost
RESILIENCERESILIENCE
What Needs to be Resilient ?What Needs to be Resilient ?
RESILIENCERESILIENCE
What needs to be resilient?What needs to be resilient?
Infrastructure – Roads, Bridges, Infrastructure – Roads, Bridges, Critical Facilities- Hospitals, Fire Critical Facilities- Hospitals, Fire
Stns., Stns., EM facilitiesEM facilities Lifeline Systems – Health, Water, Lifeline Systems – Health, Water,
Sewerage, PowerSewerage, Power HousingHousing
RESILIENCE – Unexpected benefitRESILIENCE – Unexpected benefit
Cayman Islands Hospital - IVANCayman Islands Hospital - IVAN
Functioned during Hurricane IvanFunctioned during Hurricane Ivan
Sheltered 480 homeless from surrounding Sheltered 480 homeless from surrounding communitiescommunities
Fed and sheltered over 1100 persons in total while Fed and sheltered over 1100 persons in total while continuing to provide care.continuing to provide care.
Surge caused 12-14 ins. of water on ground floor.Surge caused 12-14 ins. of water on ground floor.
Causing temporary relocation to top floorCausing temporary relocation to top floor
RESILIENCERESILIENCE
What needs to be resilient?What needs to be resilient?
ICT InfrastructureICT Infrastructure DRM SystemDRM System National Security SystemsNational Security Systems Education SystemsEducation Systems
RESILIENCERESILIENCE
What needs to be resilient?What needs to be resilient?
EconomyEconomy – 2005 CI Economy grew by – 2005 CI Economy grew by 6.5% 6.5% including growth in tourist arrivalsincluding growth in tourist arrivals
Grenada’s grew by 1.5-2%Grenada’s grew by 1.5-2%
GovernmentGovernment must continue to must continue to functionfunction
RESILIENCERESILIENCE
How do we achieve resilience?How do we achieve resilience?
RESILIENCERESILIENCE
Resilience must be built into Resilience must be built into DevelopmentDevelopment
Resilience should be achieved throughResilience should be achieved throughdevelopment which should addressdevelopment which should address
TechnicalTechnicalOrganisationalOrganisationalSocio-economic aspectsSocio-economic aspects
RESILIENCERESILIENCE
TechnicalTechnical
Risk analysis, mapping should inform Risk analysis, mapping should inform
Location, design of structures, Location, design of structures, infrastructureinfrastructure
Location, Location, Location !Location, Location, Location !
Risk MapsRisk Maps
Risk MapsRisk Maps
RESILIENCERESILIENCE
TechnicalTechnical
MaintenanceMaintenance
Structures must be properly Structures must be properly maintainedmaintained
RESILIENCERESILIENCE
TechnicalTechnical UpgradeUpgrade
If we missed the boat at construction – If we missed the boat at construction – its not too late !its not too late !
Retrofit Retrofit 2 schools which survived2 schools which survivedon Grenada had been retrofittedon Grenada had been retrofitted
RESILIENCERESILIENCE
TechnicalTechnical
Critical facilities, infrastructure must Critical facilities, infrastructure must be be
designed with an additional factor of designed with an additional factor of safetysafety
Redundancy – alternative/duplicateRedundancy – alternative/duplicate
RESILIENCERESILIENCE
OrganisationalOrganisational
Resilient EM systemsResilient EM systems
Evacuation routes remain openEvacuation routes remain open
Emergency telecomms functionalEmergency telecomms functional
EOCs EOCs mustmust survive or be up within survive or be up within hourshours
Shelters should be safe, equippedShelters should be safe, equipped
RESILIENCERESILIENCE
Socio-economicSocio-economic
Diversified, vibrant economy Diversified, vibrant economy
Robust private sectorRobust private sector
Robust public sectorRobust public sector
Risk TransferRisk Transfer
RESILIENCERESILIENCE
Socio-economicSocio-economic
Government, BusinessesGovernment, Businesses
Cayman – financial sector continued Cayman – financial sector continued functioning immediately after Ivan –functioning immediately after Ivan –
Majority of banks had continuity/recovery Majority of banks had continuity/recovery plansplans
and reported no major losses due to and reported no major losses due to stormstorm
RESILIENCERESILIENCE
Socio-economicSocio-economic
Private sector was able to assist in Private sector was able to assist in recovery of countryrecovery of country
Public sector had no continuity plansPublic sector had no continuity plans – –
Now requiredNow required
RESILIENCERESILIENCE
Socio-economicSocio-economic
Risk TransferRisk Transfer
High level of insurance in Cayman High level of insurance in Cayman permittedpermitted
faster recovery – Approximately 16% of faster recovery – Approximately 16% of homes were not insuredhomes were not insured
Source ECLAC ReportSource ECLAC Report
Risk TransferRisk Transfer
CI Power company – Caribbean Utilities CI Power company – Caribbean Utilities Co.Co.
US$ 100m Coverage for damage,US$ 100m Coverage for damage,
US$ 55m in business interruption,US$ 55m in business interruption,
US$ 15m in Machinery breakdownUS$ 15m in Machinery breakdown
US$ 4m Fund to cover deductiblesUS$ 4m Fund to cover deductibles
US$ 7.5m Line of credit for reconstructionUS$ 7.5m Line of credit for reconstruction
US$ 10m Bridging loan facilityUS$ 10m Bridging loan facilityECLAC ReportECLAC Report
RESILIENCERESILIENCE
People need to be resilient too…People need to be resilient too…
Adequate income to afford safe Adequate income to afford safe housinghousing
““Cushion” – insurance/savings/familyCushion” – insurance/savings/family
Knowledge and skills to make their Knowledge and skills to make their communities resistantcommunities resistant
RESILIENCERESILIENCE
And what of issues of governance?And what of issues of governance?
Corruption-free and fearless approval processCorruption-free and fearless approval process
Adequate funding for risk reduction Adequate funding for risk reduction programmesprogrammes
Impartial enforcement of laws – popular or notImpartial enforcement of laws – popular or not
Achieving resilience means enforcement of lawsAchieving resilience means enforcement of laws
SummarySummary
Resilience is important for :Resilience is important for :
Reducing deaths, injuriesReducing deaths, injuries Reducing damageReducing damage Reducing recovery timeReducing recovery time Reducing lossesReducing losses
SummarySummary
Resilience is a development issueResilience is a development issue
and should be an integral part of and should be an integral part of development planning whether development planning whether physical or physical or economiceconomic
However resilience can be conferred However resilience can be conferred through retrofitting of existing through retrofitting of existing elementselements
BALANCEBALANCE
Disaster Risk Disaster Risk ManagementManagementis about …is about …Balance -Balance -Hazards, Development,Hazards, Development,Environment,Environment,People in balancePeople in balanceand harmony.and harmony.
Balance, HarmonyBalance, Harmony