Building Regulations and the Future of Energy Efficient BuildingsChris HughesProgramme ManagerEnergy Performance of Buildings Directive

Overview

• SEAI

• Energy Efficiency Building Regulations– Part L Conservation of Fuel and Energy– Part F Ventilation– EPBD

Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland

• Statutory authority, established 1st May 2002• Mission of transforming Ireland into a society based on sustainable

energy structures, technologies and practices, and a vision of making Ireland a recognised global leader in sustainable energy

• New 5 year strategy published March 2010• c. 66 staff in four locations: Dublin, Dundalk, Sligo, Cork• Reporting to Department of Communications, Energy and Natural

Resources

SEAI Role in EPBD

• SEAI is the designated Issuing Authority • Provision of methodologies and calculation software • Defining rules for competence and conduct• Administering National BER Scheme:

• Registering BER Assessors• National BER Domestic Assessor Exam• Processing BER Assessments• Hosting BER Registers• Quality Assurance and Auditing• BER Helpline

• Promoting awareness of BER• Advice and support to Government Departments

Residential 25%

Commercial /Public 16%

Industry23%

Transport33%

Agriculture3%

Primary Energy Requirement

Transport Sector20%

Energy Supply Sector

2%

Other Residential and Business &

Public Sector incentives 49%

Building Regulations

29%

Contribution of Part L Building Regulations to National Energy Reduction 2020 Targets

Source: NEEAP 2009

Negative abatement cost2.5 million tCO2e abated

SEAI Low Carbon Opportunity Study

• National Climate Change Strategy 2007-2012– Limit CO2 emissions to 13% above 1990 levels

• Programme for Government 2007-2012– 40% Improvement in 2005 Dwellings by 2007– 60% Improvement in 2005 Dwellings by 2010– Establish ambitious but realistic % reduction on currentstandards by 2011 for Buildings other than Dwellings– Carbon Neutral Dwellings Framework by 2013

• EPBD/Recast EPBD (published 18/6/2010)– Implementation of BER– Target for `Nearly Zero Energy Buildings’

2018(Public) 2020 (All Buildings) – Energy Efficiency standards for New and

Retrofit Buildings to Cost Optimal standards

Energy Efficiency Targets

PART TITLE

1997 Part A Structure

2004 Part C Site Preparation and Resistance to Moisture

2000 Part D Materials and Workmanship

1997 Part E Sound

2009 Part F Ventilation

2008 Part G Hygiene

1997 Part H Drainage and Waste Water Disposal

1997 Part J Heat Producing Appliances

1997 Part K Stairways Ladders Ramps and Guards

2011 Part L Conservation of Fuel and Energy - Dwellings

2008 Part L Conservation of Fuel and Energy – Building other than Dwellings

2000 Part M Access for People with Disabilities

Building Regulations

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

19911997200220052007200820092010201120122013

kWh/m2/yr for typical dwelling

D1C1B2B1A3A1/A2

Building Regs Introduced

Building Regs IntroducedHeat Energy RatingIntroduced

Heat Energy RatingIntroduced

U values improvedDwellings

U values improvedDwellings

Introduction of DEAP. U values improved for Buildings other than Dwellings

Introduction of DEAP. U values improved for Buildings other than Dwellings

40% Improvement Dwellings40% Improvement Dwellings

Introduction of NEAP for Buildings other than Dwellings and Consolidation into SI 259 of all previous Part L regualtions

Introduction of NEAP for Buildings other than Dwellings and Consolidation into SI 259 of all previous Part L regualtions

60% Improvement Dwellings60% Improvement Dwellings

Improvement to Part L Buildings other than Dwellings

Improvement to Part L Buildings other than Dwellings

Carbon Neutral Framework Dwellings

Carbon Neutral Framework Dwellings

C2

Evolution of Building Regulations

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Review of Part F for improved Indoor Air Quality IAQ

Review of Part F for improved Indoor Air Quality IAQ

Review of Part J

Review of Part J

Review of Part F as required

Review of Part F as required

Reviews of Part F Ventilation and Part J Heat Producing Appliances

Reduce Demand for Energy through Passive Measures

Increase supply from renewable and efficient sources

Principle underpinning Part L

Compliance with Part LDwellings

Overall ComplianceSect. 1.1 calculation in DEAP by achieving MPEPC (0.6) and MPCPC(.69) (equivalent to 40% Reduction on 2005)

+

Minimum Threshold Level ComplianceTGD L Sections: 1.2 Renewable Energy 10kWh/m21.3 Building FabricU-Values (Backstops)Thermal Bridging ACDsAir Tightness 10m3/hr/m21.4 Building ServicesBoiler Efficiency 86%Space Heating Controls(zoning and time control)InsulationMechanical Ventilation System Efficiency1.5 Construction Quality and Commissioning1.6 User Information

=

Achieving compliance with Part L Dwellings

Overall ComplianceSect 1.1Compliance With NEAPMPEPC=1MPCPC=1

+

Minimum Threshold Level ComplianceTGD L BuildingsOther than Dwellings Sects: 1.2 Fabric1.3 Building Services

=Compliance with Part L

Buildings other than Dwellings

Achieving compliance with Part L Buildings other than Dwellings

Software compliance checking toolFacilitates Compliance and Self VerificationProvides support verification systems e.g.HARP Database, WEPS, Air Tightness testingIncreases awareness and training

DEAP

• Achieves 60% improvement on 2005 Building Regulations using DEAPcompliance tool. MPEPC=0.4, MPCPC=0.46

• Boiler efficiencies improved to 90%• Backstop values reduced for passive measures

– Backstop U Values (Walls 0.27 to 0.21, Windows 2.0 to 1.6, Roof (insulation on slope) 0.20 to 0.16, Floor 0.25 to 0.21 )

– Air tightness (10m3/hr/m2 to 7m3/hr/m2)– Air testing clarified for individual units

• Appendix D Linear Thermal Transmittance Values(psi values) are published for Acceptable Construction Details to enable calculation of Heat Loss due to thermal bridging for specific dwellings

• Certified Thermal Modellers scheme to enable calculation of psi values for customised details

• DEAP review to take place as part of Part L review

Part L 2011 Dwellings

60% Improvement on 2005 for 126m2 3 Bed Semi-detached House

Walls U =0.14W/m2K e.g. 150mm cavity wall with 100mm cavityinsulation of thermal conductivity 0.022 W/mK and 50mminsulated board of conductivity 0.022 W/mK.

Roof U = 0.12 W/m2K e.g. 340 mm insulation of conductivity 0.04W/m K, between and over ceiling joists.

Floor U = 0.14 W/m2K e.g. Slab-on-ground floor with 110 mminsulation of conductivity 0.023W/mK

Opaque Door U = 1.5W/m2K

Windows andglazed doors

Double glazed, low E (En = 0.05, soft coat) 20mm gap, argonfilled, PVC frames, U=1.3w/m2K

Living areafraction

25% of total floor area

Shading andorientation

All glazing oriented E/W; average overshading

126m2 3 Bed Semi-detached House continuedSheltered sides 2

Thermal Bridging 0.05x total exposed surface area (W/m2K)

Internal heat Capacitycategory (Thermal mass)

Medium

Ventilation system Natural ventilation with intermittent extract fans

Air permeability Infiltration due to structure = 0.25 ac/h

Chimneys/Open Flues None

Extract Fans Three

Draught Lobby One

Primary heating fuel (space and water)

Mains gas

Heating system Boiler and radiators with energy efficient circulating pump in heated space

Boiler Mains gas condensing boiler, seasonal efficiency 91.3%, room-sealed, fanned flue

Heating System Controls Time and Temperature Zone Control

Hot Water System Solar water heating system with flat plate collector of aperture area = 5.5 m2, n0 = 0.6, a1 = 3.0 W/m2 K, facing SE/SW at 30 degrees and unshaded, twin coil cylinder 320 litre with 100 mm Insulation. Solar Fraction 57%.Remainder of demand met by space heating boiler, separatetime control for space and water heating, cylinder temperature controlled by thermostat.

Primary water heating losses

Insulated primary pipework between boiler and cylinder

Secondaryspace heating

Gas fire, closed front, fan assisted, balanced flue – efficiency 80%

Low energy light fittings

100%

126m2 3 Bed Semi-detached House continued

ResultDwelling heated by mains gas Dwelling heated by oil (with

secondary heating by LPG)

Primary energy[kWh/m2 yr]

61 60

CO2 emissions[kg/m2 yr]

12 15

EPC 0.40 0.40

CPC 0.38 0.46

Examples for other dwelling types available in Part L 2011 Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) available on http://www.environ.ie/en/Legislation/DevelopmentandHousing/BuildingStandards/FileDownLoad,23658,en.pdf

Costing Estimate over 2007 TGD L

4863Additional Cost Estimate over TGD L 2007

• Available on www.environ.ie “Building Standards” Tab– DECLG/SEAI/Homebond

• Introduction and general theory of insulation continuity and airtightness

• Acceptable Construction Details -7 Parts– DECLG/SEAI Heating and Domestic Hot Water Systems for Dwellings-

Achieving Compliance with Part L 2008 (Review for 2011 Part L)• Available from www.SEAI.ie

– DEAP– NEAP– HARP Database– SEAI Database of renewable products

• Available from NSAI IAB– Window Energy Performance Scheme (WEPS)– Air Tightness Testing Certification– Code of practice for building services – Part 1: Domestic plumbing &

heating (to be published)– Code of practice for building services – Part 2: Solar panels (to be

published)

Other supporting Part L Guidance and systems

• Part F 2009 applies Buildings applying for Planning Permission from 1 Oct 2010

• Purpose of Ventilation:• Limiting moisture content within buildings �

condensation/ mould growth• Limiting harmful pollutants � indoor air

quality• Provides guidance for dwellings to achieve 0.5ach

• Natural Ventilation• Mechanical Ventilation with Heat

Recovery(MVHR)• Mixed Mode ventilation(strategies that combine

natural ventilation with mechanical ventilation and/or cooling in the most effective manner) is referenced for Buildings other than Dwellings

• Supporting Installation guide-”Installation and Commissioning of Ventilation Systems for Dwellings Achieving Compliance with Part F” to be published

Part F Ventilation

• Equivalent Area(area of sharp edged plate that passes same air volume at same applied pressure as vent being tested) of background ventilation required is based on floor area. Minimum of 30,000mm2 with an additional 5000mm2 for each 10m2 > 70m2. Additional 5000mm2 required for single storey dwellings up to 4 floors

• Similar equivalent areas on opposite sides to maximise cross ventilation

• Increase equivalent area requirement by 40% where air permeability is less than 5 m3/hr/m2

Natural Ventilation

Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery

• 0.3l/s/m2 or 5l/s +4/s per person whichever is greater minimum capacity and boost rate based on extract rates in Table 2. (.04 Volume adjustment for air permeability)

• Guidance provided on installation and commissioning

• User information to be provided on operation and maintenance of Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery

Ref. The Federation of Environmental Trade Associations

(FETA) Residential Ventilation Association CPD

Installation

Commissioning and User Manual

Energy Efficiency - What’s next?

2010 2011 2012 2013 2016

Framework for Carbon Neutral to go for Consultation

Framework for Carbon Neutral to go for Consultation

Review Part L Buildings other than Dwellings

Review Part L Buildings other than Dwellings

EPBD Recast Action Plan consultation End 2011

EPBD Recast Action Plan consultation End 2011

DEHLG/NSAI/SEAI Retrofit Code of Practice to be developed

DEHLG/NSAI/SEAI Retrofit Code of Practice to be developed

Introduce Recast EPBD Cost Optimal Methodology

Introduce Recast EPBD Cost Optimal Methodology

Implement Carbon Neutral Framework Dwellings

Implement Carbon Neutral Framework Dwellings

Introduce Low Energy standard for Buildings other Than Dwellings

Introduce Low Energy standard for Buildings other Than Dwellings

Published in European Journal, June 2010.Most requirements in place under existing BER / Part L arrangements.Additional requirements include• Energy Efficiency Standards in building code for new and

renovated buildings to be set at cost optimal levels• BER certificate ratings to be quoted in property adverts• DEC requirement will broaden to include public buildings over

500m2 and some frequently visited commercial buildings (Retail, Banks, etc.)

• Member states to develop plans for increasing stock of low carbon / low energy buildings

• Public authorities to act as exemplars by promoting energy performance of buildings

• Use of BER in adverts and promotional material (parallel commitment in Renewed Programme for Government) to be signed into law later this year.

Recast EPBD

How Ireland Compares U Values required to achieve energy performance coefficient 2008

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

France

Lithuania

Czech Republic

Hungary

Flanders

Germany 2008

Poland

Denmark

Ireland 2008

Finland

Netherlands

Norway

W/m2K

Source:Asiepi Comparison of Energy Performance Requirement Levels

Comparison of TGD L 2010 opaque EPC U Values to Passiv standard

2007

TG

DL

2007

TG

DL

2007

TG

DL

Pas

siv

Std

.

Pas

siv

Std

.

Pas

siv

Std

.

2010

TG

D L

2010

TG

D L

2010

TG

D L

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

Walls Roof Floor

Source: SEAI GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF PASSIVE HOUSE DWELLINGS IN IRELAND

Asiepi study shows2008 TGD L U values comparable to leading countries

Comparison to SEAI guidelines show TGD L 2011 Opaque U values comparable to Passive House Standard

Thank You