Building a Stronger, Greener Snowboard

Report by WeSnowboard5Rachel FreerAaron Hsu

Josh KubiakBen Paren

Katie Sullivan

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Introduction Goal Approach Materials Result

Current board failed in bending● Redesign to avoid mechanical

failure● Executives demand

environmentally friendly board● 10,000 units

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Introduction Goal Approach Materials Result

Wesnowboard5 presents The HULK

● Overall design goals○ Increase bending strength of core sandwich○ Maintain equivalent flexural stiffness of core sandwich○ Decrease environmental impact of snowboard

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Introduction Goal Approach Materials Result

Design is focused on the main structural layers of the snowboard

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TopsheetFiberglass

Fiberglass

CoreSidewall

Rubber Foil

BaselayerEdge

Introduction Goal Approach Materials Result

Current standard materials used as a benchmark

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UHMW-PE Topsheet

Epoxy/E-glass biaxial reinforcement

Poplar core

Epoxy/E-glass biaxial reinforcement

UHMW- PE Baselayer

Introduction Goal Approach Materials Result 6

LLD-PE selected for topsheet

Introduction Goal Approach Materials Result

LLD-PE selected for topsheet

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Cost per Volume (USD/m^3)

Fracture Toughness (MPa m^1/2)

Primary CO2 Equivalent per Volume (kg/m^3)

Saaty Score

PCTA (unfilled) 6,509.8 6.105 10,188 0.137

TPU (Ether, aliphatic, 40% barium sulfate)

14,824 7.3 3,205.9 0.2

SAN (impact modified) 3,814.8 4.17 3,799.5 0.172

PVC (flexible, Shore A85) 3,130.58 1.515 1,842.3 0.23

LLD-PE 1,802.26 2.525 1,700.1 0.261

UHMW-PE (Benchmark) 2,609 3.44 4,207 --

Introduction Goal Approach Materials Result

PA66/E glass biaxial laminate selected for reinforcement

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Epoxy/E glass fiber, woven fabric, biaxial

Cyanate ester/HS carbon fiber, Quasisotropic

BMI/HS carbon fiber, Quasisotropic

PA66/E-glass fiber, 600gms woven fabric, biaxial

Introduction Goal Approach Materials Result 9

Yield Strength (MPa)

Tensile Modulus (GPa)

Density (kg/m^3)

Fracture Toughness (MPa

m^1/2)

Primary CO2 Equivalent

(kg/kg)

Price (USD/kg)

Saaty Score

PA66/E-glass fiber 600 gsm

460 46.5 1800 89.63 24.8 6.71 .393

BMI/HS c fiber biaxial 507 67 1540 29.4 25.9 158 .299Cyanate ester/HM c fiber, quasi isotropic

673 108 1645 28.25 28.8 222.5 .308

Epoxy/E-glass biaxial (current)

446 26.4 1860 40.9 37.4 35.4 --

PA66/E glass biaxial laminate selected for reinforcement

Introduction Goal Approach Materials Result

Pinus sylvestris selected for core

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Larch (larix decidua)

Cedar (chamaecyparis lawsoniana)

Bamboo

Pine (pinus sylvestris)Pine (pinus elloitti)

Poplar

Introduction Goal Approach Materials Result 11

Flexural Strength (MPa)

Flexural Modulus (GPa)

Density (kg/m^3)

Fracture Toughness (MPa m^1/2)

Primary CO2 Equivalent (kg/kg) Saaty Score

Bamboo 120 19.5 700 6.35 0.315.174

Pine (pinus eloitti) 112.5 13.65 660 5.85 0.391 .190

Pine (pinus sylvestris) 90 11.9 530 4.2 0.377 .222

Larch (larix decidua) 92.85 12.3 580 4.8 0.377 .208

Cedar (juniperus virginiana) 60.65 6.1 525 4.15 0.377 .206

Poplar (benchmark) 64 9.1 480 3.65 0.886 --

Pinus sylvestris selected for core

Introduction Goal Approach Materials Result

UHMW-PE selected for base

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PET (unfilled, semi-crystalline)

PE-UHMW

PCTG

TPU, aliphatic, 20% filled

Introduction Goal Approach Materials Result 13

Vickers Hardness (HV)

Density (kg/m3)

Impact Strength (kJ/m2)

Primary CO2 Equivalent (kg/kg)

Cost (USD/kg)

Saaty Score

TPU (Ether, Aliphatic, 20% BaSO4)

14.1 1,310 7.04 2.58 12.5 0.265

PCTG (unfilled) 13.5 1,230 5.57 7.87 5.04 0.167

PET (unfilled, semicrystalline)

18.5 1,390 3.01 3.96 2.18 0.056

UHMW-PE (Current) 7.3 940 100.1 4.45 2.75 0.421

UHMW-PE selected for base

Introduction Goal Approach Materials Result

The Hulk has a smaller carbon footprint than a standard snowboard

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Introduction Goal Approach Materials Result

Manufacturing and pricing were analyzed for total production size ● Processes based on production size and materials

○ Topsheet: circular saw and polyester adhesives○ Reinforcing layer: continuous laminate○ Core: circular saw○ Base: polymer extrusion

● Cost of fabrication taken into account○ Topsheet: adhesives: $283,300 to $2,833,000○ Reinforcing layer: $156,000 to $232,000○ Core: $750,000○ Base: $108,000 to 165,000

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Introduction Goal Approach Materials Result

Each HULK snowboard could result in a profit of at least $450

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Minimum Maximum

Cost (one board) $450 $650

Price (one board) $900 $1,200

Profit (one board) $450 $550

Profit (total production) $4.5 million $5.5 million

Introduction Goal Approach Materials Result

All Properties of the HULK are improved compared with a standard snowboard

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Standard Snowboard

The HULK % change

Bending stiffness 254 GPa/m4 249 GPa/m4 -2%

Flexural Strength (face yield)

207 MPa 219 MPa 6%

Flexural Strength (face buckling)

3.71 GPa 4.25 GPa 15%

Flexural Strength (core shear)

1.79 GPa 2.61 GPa 45%

Carbon Footprint 59kg CO2/board 39 kg CO2/board -34%

Introduction Goal Approach Materials Result

Summary of Solution Materials

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PE-LLD Topsheet

PA66/E glass biaxial laminate reinforcement

Pinus sylvestris core

PA66/E glass biaxial laminate reinforcement

UHMW- PE Baselayer

Introduction Goal Approach Materials Result

ReferencesDimensions:

● http://skibuilders.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=3986&sid=ed346cdb3eef4b134b98ebf33d52daf3● http://www.the-house.com/helpdesk/snowboard-sizing/● http://www.evo.com/how-to-choose-a-snowboard-size-chart-and-buying-guide.aspx#width

High End Snowboards:● http://www.gnu.com/● http://www.romesnowboards.com/● http://www.burton.com/● http://www.bataleon.com/whitegold

Snowboard Materials for Each Layer:● http://www.abc-of-snowboarding.com/snowboards/materials-and-construction.asp● http://www.real-world-physics-problems.com/physics-of-snowboarding.html● http://www.mechanicsofsport.com/snowboarding/equipment/snowboards/snowboard_construction.html● http://www.store.skilab.com/images/skilab_images/SkiAssembly_standard_650px.jpg● https://www.pebblepad.com.au/rmit/viewasset.aspx?oid=203657&type=webfolio&pageoid=216263● http://www.the-house.com/portal/what-are-snowboards-made-of/● http://nichesnowboards.com/tech/

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Introduction Goal Approach Materials Result

Snowboard Loads:● http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F1-4020-3848-8_97● http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-2-287-09413-2_35● http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12283-012-0101-z#page-1● http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowboarding

Types of Snowboards:● http://www.evo.com/how-to-choose-a-snowboard-size-chart-and-buying-guide.aspx

Environmental Aspect:● http://www.epa.gov/greenhomes/SmarterMaterialChoices.htm● http://awc.org/pdf/GBFactSheets/Wood_Products_And_Carbon.pdf● http://www.plasticdesignmfg.com/pdf/nylon_msds.pdf● http://www.bambooki.com/blog/bamboo-eco-friendly-green-material/● http://www.ridegreener.com/en/detail/60/● http://www.colabmovement.com/green-snowboards/contruction-of-our-boards/● http://espn.go.com/action/snowboarding/news/story?page=greenboards● http://www.jonessnowboards.com/Technology.html

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References