BROWN BAG TALK WITH CHAOQUN NI- TRANSFORMATIVE INTERACTIONS IN THE SCIENTIFIC WORKFORCE

Transformative Interactions in the Scientific Workforce

Chaoqun [email protected]

Science

ScientificWorkforce

Scientist

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• Health• Well-being• Economic Growth

Science

ScientificWorkforce

Scientist

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• Productive• Innovative• Effective• Dynamic

Science

ScientificWorkforce

Scientist

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• Productive• Innovative• Effective• Dynamic

• Intellectual Human-Capital

5Assumption

For a country to be scientifically competitive, it must maximize its human intellectual capital-base and support this workforce equitably and efficiently.

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What are Transformative Interactions ?

?

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Transformative Interactions

!Interactions among scientists that can possibly transform the development of scientists’ careers and the advancement of science.

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Publication

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Mentoring

Publication

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Mentoring

GrantPublication

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Doctoral Mentoring

Policy


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Doctoral Mentoring

Policy


Knowledge Reproduction & Professional Development

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Doctoral Mentoring

Policy


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Doctoral Mentoring

Scientific Collaboration

Policy


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Doctoral Mentoring


Policy

Related to Publication, Citation & Funding


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Doctoral Mentoring

Knowledge Transfer


Policy


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Doctoral Mentoring

Knowledge Transfer


Policy

Related to the change of scholarly practice


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Doctoral Mentoring

Knowledge Transfer


Policy


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Doctoral Mentoring

Knowledge Transfer


Policy GenderEthnicity

…


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Doctoral Mentoring

Knowledge Transfer


PolicyOther


GenderEthnicity

…

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Develop computational models that can measure and predict the career trajectories based on the effects of transformative interactions, social-demographic features of scientists and external factors.

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Operationalization

Data Methods

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Publication, Collaboration & Citation

Mentoring

Grant Funding

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Name Disambiguation

Name DisambiguationName Disambiguation

To provide correct links between names, individuals, and records in databases.

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Name

Name

Nam

e

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Name

Name

Nam

e

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Mentoring

Grant

Socio-Demo.

Publication

As Protégé

• Dissertation• Advisor• Discipline• Institution• More…

As Mentor

• Advisees• Affiliation• Discipline• More….

NSF

• Award • Amoun

t• Time• More…

NIH

• Award • Amoun


NEH

• Award • Amoun


Publication

• Papers• Venue• Topics• More….

Citation

•Cites•References•More…

Collaboration

• Co-author• More….

Integrated Scholar Profile

Demographic•Gender•More…

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?

Strategies

Strategies 31

32Strategies

Build networks based on the integrated scholar profile database.

33Strategies

Measure properties of individual scholars through career stage

Strategies 34

Identify key factors that predict the future career trajectories.

Gender, citation diversity, degree, mentor -> productivity?e.g.

35Strategies

Model based on the key factors identified in the previous step.

e.g. Scientists with certain features (e.g. gender & mentor) going to be (not) productive!

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Doctoral Mentoring

Knowledge Transfer


PolicyFunding

GenderEthnicity

…


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Doctoral Mentoring

Knowledge Transfer


PolicyFunding

Gender Ethnicity

…


Doctoral Mentoring38

AdviceNorms

Knowledge

Connection

…

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Specific Questions?What is the relationship between the scholarly practices of doctoral advisors & advisees?

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o Publication & Productivityo Co-author & Collaborationo Citation & Impact

What is the relationship between the scholarly practices of doctoral advisors & advisees?

? Specific Questions

Some measurements of career trajectories

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o Publication & Productivityo Co-author & Collaborationo Citation & Impact

What is the relationship between the scholarly practices of doctoral advisors & advisees?

Do these patterns vary by discipline?

? Specific Questions

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Data• ProQuest• Web of Science

Approach• Correlation Analysis• Informetric Measurements

Mentoring

Publication

Mark E. J. Newman, Physical Review Letters, 2002

Productivity: # Publications

Impact: # Citations

Collaboration: %Collaborative Pubs.

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Ph.D. Year - Advisee

-10 -5 +5 +10

Advisor Advisee

10- Year Rule

Advisor-Advisee collaborated articles were excluded.

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Selected Results

Selected Disciplines*

*Journal as the main publishing venue.

• Economics• Political Sciences• Sociology

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Publication & Productivity

• Advisors are more productive than advisees;

• Moderate correlation between the productivity of advisors and advisees;

• Correlation varies by discipline.

Number of publications

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Coauthorship & Collaboration

Collaboration Rate

• Advisors are less collaborative than advisees;• Weak to moderate correlation in all three

disciplines;• Varies by discipline

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Citation & Impact

• Advisors have higher impact than advisees;

• Weak correlation in Economics;• Correlation varies by discipline.

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑢𝑏𝑠𝐴𝑙𝑙𝐶𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑠

Average Citations:

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!Patterns do vary by discipline.

Impact is not hereditary.

Model for other disciplines based on the current observation.

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Doctoral Mentoring

Knowledge Transfer


PolicyFunding

Gender…


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Productivity

Impact

Collaboration

What is the relationship between gender and the productivity, impact and collaboration of scientists?

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• Data• Year: 2008-2012• 27,037,168 authorships• 5,483,841 research articles

• Gender Classification:• US Social Security Administration• Other country specific lists

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Global Authorships by Gender

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Female to Male Productivity Ratio by Country

Data Unavailable

http://info.ils.indiana.edu/gender/index.php%23geo

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Female to Male Productivity Ratio by Country

Turkmenistan: 52 papers

Data Unavailable

Female authorship is more prevalent in countries with lower scientific output.


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Female to Male Productivity Ratio by Discipline


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National &International Collaboration - Top 20 Countries

National Collaboration International Collaboration

Women’s portfolio is more domestic;Men’s portfolio is more international.

(95% of all publications)


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Citation & Dominant-Author Gender

Papers with female authors in key positions are cited less than those with male authors in key positions.

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!

Gender is related to transformative interactions in the scientific workforce.

Gender disparity persists in research output.

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THANK YOU!

QUESTIONS?

Chaoqun [email protected]

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Fractionalized Authorships

F

M

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Fractionalized Authorships

F

M

?

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Average of Relative Citation

• Citations: Year of Publishing ~ 2012. • ARC citation:

– each article’s number of citations is divided by the average number of citations received by articles in the same discipline published that year.

• So when ARC is above 1, a given article is cited above the world average for the same field.

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Publishing Venue of Economics

BROWN BAG TALK WITH CHAOQUN NI- TRANSFORMATIVE INTERACTIONS IN THE SCIENTIFIC WORKFORCE

Technology

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