Broadband printed monopole antenna for multiple...
Transcript of Broadband printed monopole antenna for multiple...
Broadband printed monopole antenna for
multiple application
VOLUME 1 ISSUE 11
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Amita Guru 1
, Rajneesh Mishra 2
, Shailendra Yadav3
, 1.
M. Tech. Scholar, Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, B.T.I.R.T , Sironja, Sagar (M.P) 2
Assist. Professor, Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, B.T.I.R.T., Sironja, Sagar (M.P) 3
Assist. Professor, Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, B.T.I.R.T., Sironja, Sagar (M.P)
ABSTRACT
Wireless technology is one of the main areas of research in the world of communication systems
today and a study of communication systems is incomplete without an understanding of the
operation and fabrication of antennas. This was the main reason for our selecting a project focusing
on this field. In the last few years there has been dramatically increased in the interest of Wireless
Communication, which includes the commercial/personal communication. It is the choice of the
users to have a small and light weight handset. Due to the development of VLSI/ULSI techniques
the researchers are able to reduce the size and power hungry of the devices to a greater extent.
Antenna become the front and back end of the wireless communication system. The present day is
the age of wireless communication. The potential application of Monopole Antenna for the wireless
and personal commutation is the hot topic of interest of the researchers around the globe. The
present day demands wide band, miniature antennas with other features. The choice of MSA for
communication being old, researchers managed to develop new variants of the antenna to meet the
demand of the present-day communication. The following thesis consists of a monopole printed
antenna. The dielectric used in the designing of this monopole antenna is FR4. The top portion of
the antenna consisting of a patch having rectangular slot, micro strip line and bottom part consists
of a partial ground plane with a semi elliptical notch. The overall size of dielectric is 30*30*1.5.
The fractional bandwidth of this structure is (152.11%) 3.41 – above 25 GHz. The bandwidth
enhancement is due to cutting various types of slots in the patch and ground plane. Compared with
conventional antennas, micro strip patch antennas have more advantages and better prospects. They
are lighter in weight, low volume, low cost, low profile, smaller in dimension and ease of
fabrication and conformity. Moreover, the micro strip patch antennas can provide dual and circular
polarizations, dual-frequency operation, frequency agility, broad band-width, feed line flexibility,
beam scanning Omni directional patterning. In this paper we discuss the micro strip antenna, types
of micro strip antenna, feeding techniques and application of micro strip patch antenna with their
advantage and disadvantages over conventional microwave antennas. In high-performance aircraft,
spacecraft, satellite, and missile applications, where size, weight, cost, performance, ease of
installation, and aerodynamic profile are constraints, low-profile antennas may be required.
Presently there are many other government and commercial applications, such as mobile radio and
wireless communications that have similar specifications. The following are the applications of the
given antenna structure 5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN bands, 5.5 GHz WiMAX bands, X band (8 – 12
GHz),Ku band (12 – 18 GHz), satellite communication and other wireless services.
Key words: Fractional bandwidth, impedance matching, ultra wide band.
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1. INTRODUCTION
ntenna is one of the type of transducer
that converts the electrical energy into
electromagnetic waves. Antenna is
required by any radio receiver or transmitter to
couple its electrical connection to the
electromagnetic field. The official definition of
the antenna according to the IEEE is simply a
means for radiating or receiving radio waves..
The various antennas perform the basic task of
radiating signals from the transmitting end to
the receiving end. Hence, it is a transitional
structure between the free space and the
guiding device. The bandwidth of the antenna
determines the applications, according to the
operating range. Requirement for low profile
antenna in spacecraft, satellite and military
systems is increasing at a rapidly. The micro
strip antenna is simple planar structure which
operates on a narrow bandwidth. The designs
proposed in this work are compact in size,
along with an enhanced bandwidth. In the
various techniques available for the bandwidth
enhancement, the simple one of introducing
various slots and notches are being employed.
The micro strip antennas are compatible with
MMIC. For particular patch shape and mod
these antenna are very versatile. The micro strip
antennas which are designed in this consists of a
patch, a micro strip line and a metallic ground
plane with a compact size and can be applicable
for multiple applications due to its ultra large
frequency bandwidth. The simple technique can
lead to a high increase in the operating
bandwidth.
2. ANTENNA CONFIGURATION
A decagon shaped compact broadband printed
monopole antenna has overall size of
30*30*1.5 cubic millimeter with an electrical
permittivity (εr) of 4.3 and loss tangent of
0.025. The micro strip line of the proposed
antenna has resistance of 50 Ω. The length of
the antenna is denoted by ‘b’ and breadth is
denoted by ‘a’. All the values of parameters
discussed here are shown in Table.1.
The proposed antenna is simulated using
Computer Simulation Technique (CST)
software. The increase in bandwidth is achieved
by using a rectangular shaped patch, whereas
notches in the ground plane are responsible for
the impedance matching at lower frequencies.
All the parameters which are used in the
proposed antenna are optimized for getting
resonance for this ultra large frequency range.
Fig. 1 Geometrical configuration of the monopole
antenna
Table Parameter value of different section of the
given antenna (all in mm)
A
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3. RESULTS
The results are shown here which shows the
different S-parameters, parameters sweep,
radiation efficiency, gain, radiation patterns and
surface current at different frequencies. Micro
strip patch antennas are increasing in popularity
for use in wireless applications due to their low-
profile structure. Therefore they are extremely
compatible for embedded antennas in handheld
wireless devices such as cellular phones, pagers
etc. The telemetry and communication antennas
on missiles need to be thin and conformal and
are often micro strip patch antennas. Another
area where they have been used successfully is
in satellite communication. Micro strip antennas
are spreading widely in all the fields and areas
and now they are booming in the commercial
aspects due to their low cost of the substrate
material and the fabrication. It is also expected
that due to the increasing usage of the patch
antennas in the wide range this could take over
the usage of the conventional antennas for the
maximum applications. Micro strip patch
antenna has several applications. The Micro
strip patch antennas are well known for their
performance and their robust design, fabrication
and their extent usage. The advantages of this
Micro strip patch antenna are to overcome their
de-merits such as easy to design, light weight
etc., the applications are in the various fields
such as in the medical applications, satellites
and of course even in the military systems just
like in the rockets, aircrafts missiles etc.
The following are the main applications covered
by the band of the given antenna structure:-
1) They are used in military and commercial for
asset protection, antiterrorist and asset
protection and law enforcement, and they are
applicable in rescue applications.
2) They are basically applicable in motion
detector, range finder and many more.
3) Mobile and satellite communication
applications.
• Radio Frequency Identification (RFID):
• Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access
• Retina Application
Fig. 2 Simulated return losses of stage 1
Fig. 3 Simulated return losses of stage 2
Fig. 4 Simulated return losses of stage 3
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Fig. 5 Simulated Z matrix( real and imaginary part)
Fig. 6 Simulated parameter sweep of n
Fig. 7 Simulated parameter sweep of k
Fig. 8 Simulated parameter sweep of n
Fig. 9 Simulated radiation efficiency of the antenna
Fig. 10 Simulated gain of the antenna COPYRIG
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Fig. 11 Simulated radiation patterns of the antenna
Fig. 12 Simulated radiation patterns of the antenna
Fig. 13 Simulated surface currents of the antenna
Fig. 14 Simulated surface currents of the antenna
4. CONCLUSION
This document is about the study of the monopole
antenna. The following thesis consists of a
monopole antenna having a square patch with a
rectangular slot, micro strip line and a partial
ground plane. The bandwidth of the antenna is
ranges from 3.41 to above 25 GHz. The main
reason for bandwidth enhancement is cutting
various types of slots in the patch and the partial
ground plane. The gain of the structure is 4.9 dB.
The radiation efficiency or directivity of the given
structure is 0.8 dB. The dielectric used in the
designing of the given structure is FR4 having
loss tangent of 0.025. The FR4 is used due to its
low cost and it can be easily available. The patch,
micro strip line and the partial ground plane is
made of copper annealed.
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