Breaking Down Glucose
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Transcript of Breaking Down Glucose
Breaking Down Glucose
Power Point to Making Cards
Anaerobic (no oxygen) Glycolysis
• In the cytoplasm
• Glucose PGAL pyruvic acid
• 6-C 3-C 3-C
• (Pyruvic acid = pyruvate)
Glycolysis
• What got this reaction started?2 ATP molecules gave P to each end of 6-carbon glucose (it splits)
Glycolysis
• Glucose (with phosphates) breaks into two PGAL molecules
• PGAL reforms into pyruvic acid (pyruvate)
• 4 ATP
• 2 NADHform
e- carrier
Glycolysis Summary
• 2 ATP for glucose to PGAL to pyruvate• 4 ATP formed• 2 ATP net
• Also 2 NADH (pick up electrons)
• How Glycolysis Works (click)• Sing Along
FermentationIN ANIMALSPyruvic acid lactic acid
IN YEAST
Pyruvic acid ethanol + carbon dioxide
FERMENTATION
• WHERE LOCATED?• In the cytoplasm
• ANAEROBIC• Without oxygen
• HOW MANY ATP?• none
FERMENTATION
• ONE GREAT SIDE-STEP IS TO REGENERATE NADH back to NAD+
• (so it can pick up e- again)
USES OF FERMENTATION
Yogurt
Sourdough bread
Pickles’
Buttermilk
Sauerkraut
Kimchi
Cheese
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Lactic acid builds up faster than the body cells can use it.
Glyocolysis to Prepping Pyruvate for the Krebs Cycle
2 2 34
Pyruvic Acid Can’t Enter Mitochondrion
• So it needs “Cut and Groomed”
1.Cut off carbon (as CO2)
Leaves 2-C acetyl group
• 2. Add Coenzyme A
FORMS Acetyl-CoA
Mitochondrion: Site of aerobic respiration (uses oxygen)
• Mitochondrion
Getting Ready to go into the Mitochondrion
• Acetyl CoA and Kreb Cycle
“Cut” carbon removed
“Groomed”
By Coenzyme A
(2-C)
All Set for the Krebs Cycle
We’re now in the mitochondrion.
Two Types of Electron Carriers
• Empty FAD picks up e- to form FADH2
• e-
• Empty NAD+ picks up e- to form NADH
• ATP Synthesis NAD and FAD
e-
What is made at the end of the Krebs cycle (aka Citric Acid Cycle)?
e- carriers
Waste gas
High energy
Or Krebs Cycle
CLICK ME:Krebs Cycle
ETC and Chemiosmosis
• NADH and FADH2 bring their e- to the
ETC (in the inner membrane of the
mitochondrion)
NADH and FADH2 animation
H+ ions pumped through ATP synthase
Enough energy for a P to add to ADP to form ATP
ATP Synthase Movies
• ATP Synthase (VCAC)
• http://www.sp.uconn.edu/~terry/images/movs/synthase.mov
OXYGEN IS THE FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR
• Oxygen + H+ forms water
• Oxygen: the final electron acceptor
Electron Transport Chain
• Electron Transport Chain (pretty sweet)
• Click here krebstca
• Click Here VCAC: Cellular Processes: Electron Transport Chain: First Look (won’t show on VPU, but can see on own computer screen)
FINAL PRODUCTS
• Glycolysis• 2 ATP
• Krebs Cycle • 2 ATP
• ETC and Chemiosmosis• 34 ATP
36 ATP from one molecule of glucose
38 ATP from glucose to end of ETC and chemiosmosis