BPS MT #1 1. a)The adsorption distribution metabolism and elimination of drugs describes the major processes in the field of pharmacology of drugs called __Pharmacokinetics____

2. Which condition does herceptin treat (be specific)_breast cancer___Does herceptin follow Lipinski’s rules?___No___

3. Write the name of the following therapeutic substances beside the correct regulatory directorate:

Taxol, ginkgo, Herceptin, homeopathics, red bull (highly caffeinated drink)

a)Biologics directorate: Herceptinb)Nonprescription & natural health product directorate: ginkgo, homeopathicsc)Therapeutic drugs directorate: Taxold) Foods directorate: Red bull

4) a) Natural products derived from phenylalanine via phenylalanine ammonia lyase, containing no N, but possessing aromatic 6 carbon rings are called__phenolic______

b) Which biosynthetic group of compounds does this compound belong to ______alkaloid_____________

5. a) What condition is colchicine used to treat __gout, arthritis__

b) What is its mode of action? It attacks the site of inflammation by preventing the proliferation of leukocytes by blocking the reuptake of Ach receptor

6. The active principles of medicinal plants, fungi and bacteria (for example the anti-melanoma compound betulinic acid) are obtained by a process called __bioassay guided isolation__ after which their chemical structure can be obtained by _NMR/elucidation__

7. Describe reported adverse reactions possible witha) St John’s wort:

SJW interacts w/ other drugs which can be life-threatening & reduce the effectiveness of other drugs

b) Kava:

N

N

O

HO

CH3O

O

CAMPTOTHECIN

Hepatotoxicity, liver damage

c) omega 3 oils (ex. Flax oil) Sudden bruising

8. a) In this diagram, tubocurare acts at which site? ACh receptor b) The antidote physostigmine works at which site? AChE site

9. Provide details how these substances work (the cellular mechanism of action)a) perveleine A as drug to reverse cancer resistance• Inhibits pgp pump• It is not a cytotoxic anticancer drug • It restores sensitivity to vinblastine in MDR cancers

b) betulinic acid as antimelonoma drug need to use large [ ], quite selective at destroying melanoma in

comparison to other cancers (by apoptosis in melanoma cells) apoptosis-programmed cell death

10. a) what are homeopathic substances?based on use of highly diluted plant extracts ( reverse potency), “like treats like”

b) given a review of clinical evidence that suggests homeopathic remedies are not effective beyond the placebo effect, give a main reason why Health Canada grants a license for these products: faith-based, small niche, loyal customers

11. a) Which experimental technique is normally used to determine the identity and

quality assurance of ginseng and other NHPsHPLC High-performance liquid chromatography

b) How is Asian ginseng differentiated from American?Asian: has a ginsenoside Rf markerAmerican: no ginsenoside Rf marker

12. In the controlled drug ayahuasca, the pharmacological role of the following components is: a) DMT: hallucinogen, religious communication with gods

b) Harmine: destroys DMT so that the hallucinogen is inactive

13. Indicate the country (Can, US, EU, Australia, Singapore) that best fits the described regulatory system for medicinal plants:

a) Singapore regulated as TCM products

b) EU regulated like drugs

c) US regulated as foods w/ no health claims

d) Canada regulated as OTC w/ health claims, premarket assessment emphasis

e) Australia regulated as OTC w/ health claims, post market assessment emphasis

14. Evidence exists that Vit D is useful beyond Ca absorption & bone health. Give an example.

suspected role in diabetes, cancers, inflammation multiple sclerosis

15. What was the result found:a) in risk assessment of Vit E supplementation for a vulnerable population w/ heart conditionssignificant increased risk of heart failure and hospitalization for heart failure

b) in an international meta analysis for folic acid (Vit B9) supplementationsignificant reduction in neural tube disorders (NTD) like spina bifida

16. Which 2 biochemical rxns are altered by sulfurophane, PEITC and other cancer chemopreventatives?

1. Slows down toxin metabolism2. speeds up elimination(excretion)

17. a) What is the Neolithic diet? People that have a diet of nuts, berries, fishb) What are its proposed benefits? Antioxdiant properties, lower risks of CVD

promote brain development, have anticancer, anti-inflammatory activity

18. a) which substances in blueberries are antioxidants? Anthocyanins (coloured pigments)b) Which major biosynthetic class of compounds do they belong to? Phenolic

19. In the diagram, identify below:a) the plant which produces these phytochemicals below: green tea

b) the major biosynthetic of phytochemicals (alkaloid, terpene, phenolic): phenolic

c) the most active compound according to SC50 data: (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate• Most potent compounds need the least amount of [ ]: epigallocatechin gallate =

best compound (mostOH groups)

d) SC50 is defined as the [ ] of cancer destroyed at 50%

20. Which of these 2 substances isa) an omega 3: α-linolenic

b) an omega 6: linoleic

18 C bonds, 2 double bonds from18:2:…c) which one is a precursor to prostaglandin? Linoleic

d) which one is a precursor to compounds needed in brain development? α-linolenic (EPA, DHA)

21. Biotecha) Why are these phytochemicals removed by selection of rapeseed germplasm to create canola?eruric acid: linked to heart diseaseglucoscinolate: anti-nutritive to cattle (not good nourishment)

b) which substance makes golden rice appear golden? Carotenoids

c) it was produced by which biotech company? Syngenta

d) The intended health use of golden rice is for: Vit A deficiency which leads to blindness in developing countries

e) Which biotech platform is being used to produce artemisinic acid? Amrys Pharma

22. a) what is the final pdt (name only) in the biosynthetic sequence below? Cholecalciferol (Vit D3)

b) Which factor is needed in the 1st rxn? UV light

23. Poppies w/ a mutation in biosynthesis produce thebainea) why is this poppy preferred for cultivation?

a precursor to morphine, but no morphine safe to grow

b) thebaine is used as a precursor to make which drug by semisynthesis?Oxycodone is a C-13 OH derivative of codeine can be made from thebaine by semisynthesis

c) why has the drug produced been the cause of concern?Morphine is highly addictive