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Business process diagrams BPMN-style diagrams

Diagrams from many different sources you can find on the internet

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A business is composed of actors performing activities

► Actors/components are relatively visible or tangible

► Activities/processes are abstract, often undocumented

■ And confusingly, components are sometimes called processes

From a white Paper by Gregor Polančič January 2013

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BPMN's 4 process model varieties

Process model

shows process

elements under a logical

control flow

Conversation

model

shows data exchanged

between “processes”

(often representing

systems, functions or

roles)

Diagram from http://www.ariscommunity.com/users/roland-woldt/2011-01-28-learning-bpmn-2-which-models-are-available-bpmn

Collaboration model

shows inter-process

interactions

Choreography model

coordinates inter-actor

interactions

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A business process

► A business process (aka value stream, scenario, etc.)

■ Designed to deliver a required service or result

■ Sequences the necessary activities or tasks

► Tasks are performed by human actors or mechanical systems/components

https://grapholite.com/diagrams/businessprocessmodeling

Avancier BPMN Process model example

► Event (start, stop, message)

► Task

► Gateway

► Sequence flow


https://grapholite.com/diagrams/businessprocessmodeling

Avancier BPMN Collaboration model example

► Event (start, stop, message)

► Task

► Gateway

► Sequence flow

► Message flow

► Pool


https://www.edrawsoft.com/bpmn-diagram-examples.php

Po

ol

Avancier Events

► Catching events - start processes

► Throwing events - end processes

► The circle may contain another icon (envelope, clock, etc.)

► Event varieties include

■ Plain - start or end of the process

■ Message - received and sent during process execution

■ Timer - points in time, periods, timeouts

■ Error – generation and handling of process errors

■ Cancel – triggers or reacts to cancelled transactions

■ Compensation – triggers or handles compensation

■ Etc.


Avancier Gateways

► Decision points in a process – drawn as a diamond

■ Data-based exclusive gateway

● used to split, the flow is routed to one outgoing branch.

● used to merge, when one inward branch is complete, triggers the outward flow

■ Event-based exclusive gateway

● routes flow to the outgoing branch where the event happens first.

● followed only by events or activity

■ Parallel gateways

● used to split, divides one flow into parallel ones, triggered simultaneously.

● used to merge, when all inward branches are complete, triggers the outward flow

■ Complex gateway

● has many conditions depending on which outgoing branches are triggered.


X

+

Avancier Task

► An activity

► A unit kind of work to be done

► Drawn with a rounded rectangle.

■ Multiple instances

■ Loop activity

■ Collapsed subprocess

■ Expanded subprocess

■ Etc.


Avancier Artifacts

► Data objects – required and produced by activities ● Collection data object represents a collection of

information, e.g., a list of order items.

● Data input is an external input for the entire process. A

kind of input parameter.

● Data output is data result of the entire process. A kind of

output parameter.

► Data store

■ a place where the process can read or write data, that

persists between process instances.

► Group

■ aggregates objects but doesn’t influence flow

► Text annotations

■ adds meaning to elements


Avancier Connecting objects / flows

► Sequence flow

■ shows the order in which activities can be performed

► Message flow

■ shows data passing between tasks (or actors) in different pools.

► Association

■ shows association of an artifact or text annotations to flow objects


Avancier Pools and swim lanes

► Pool or lane can be an organization, function, role or system.

► Lanes subdivide pools or other lanes hierarchically.


Po

ol

Po

ol

Lane

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Pools and swimlanes

► Black box

► White box


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BPMN Process model (cf. flow chart, activity diagram)

► Shows process elements under a logical control flow

► Shows sequential dependencies between activities.


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Process model

shows process


control flow

Conversation

model



(often representing

systems, functions,

roles)


Collaboration model

shows inter-process

interactions

Choreography model


interactions

Avancier BPMN Collaboration model

► Tasks in processes in different pools exchange data flows / messages


http://www.yworks.com/products/yfiles-for-java-2.x/ybpmn


► “Pools” and “lanes” can be systems, functions or roles

► “Collaboration” implies exchanging data / messages


http://www.igrafx.com/uk/products/process-modeling-analysis/bpmn-web-modeling



https://www.modeliosoft.com/en/resources/diagram-examples/state-diagrams.html



http://www.igrafx.com/uk/products/process-modeling-analysis/bpmn-web-modeling

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Process model

shows process


control flow

Conversation

model



(often representing


roles)


Collaboration model

shows inter-process

interactions

Choreography model


interactions

Avancier


BPMN Conversation model (cf. data flow diagram)

► shows data exchanged between “processes” (often representing

systems, functions or roles) as in a function or capability map

http://blog.maxconsilium.com/2013/09/bpmn-20-models-part-2.html

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Process model

shows process


control flow

Conversation

model



(often representing


roles)


Collaboration model

shows inter-process

interactions

Choreography model


interactions

Avancier BPMN Choreography model

► coordinates inter-actor interactions


http://blog.maxconsilium.com/2013/09/bpmn-20-models-part-2.html

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-59lFl3ck7Yg/UiWFa1HavYI/AAAAAAAAEnE/lPEKkI8qDr8/s1600/Choreography2.png

Avancier BPMN Choreography model


https://www.visual-paradigm.com/features/task-management/

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More from http://jp.edrawsoft.com/bpmn-symbols.php

Many many kinds of event


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More from http://jp.edrawsoft.com/bpmn-symbols.php

Events

Processes

Data

Gateways

Flows


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Additional notes

After a white Paper by Gregor Polančič January 2013


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Business function hierarchy - shown in BPMN

► Functions shown as “groups”

► Sub-functions shown as collapsed processes “pools”

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Business process classifications and examples

Operational

processes

the core business and create

the primary value stream of a

company

Purchasing

Manufacturing.

Production.

Packaging.

Sales.

Delivery

Management

processes

govern the operation of a

company or system

Strategic planning.

Customer satisfaction.

Quality management.

Human resource management.

Corporate governance

Supporting

processes

support core and management

processes

Marketing

Finances. Accounting.

Inventory. Recruitment.

Technical support.

Infrastructure maintenance.

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Business process models are required for

► Quality management schemes

■ ISO 9000 quality programs

■ CMMI maturity assessments

► Work-flow systems

► Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems

Avancier Quality management schemes


► ISO 9000 and CMMI assess the quality or maturity

of a business in terms of its business processes.

Process maturity level

0 Non-existent

1 Initial/Ad Hoc

2 Repeatable but

Intuitive

3 Defined Process

4 Managed and

Measurable

5 Optimized

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Process Maturity levels in COBIT v4.1 a framework for defining control objectives for common IT processes

Process maturity level Description

0 Non-existent Complete lack of any recognisable processes.

The enterprise has not even recognised that there is an issue to be addressed.

1 Initial/Ad Hoc There is evidence that the enterprise has recognized that the issues exist and need to be addressed.

However, no standardized processes; only ad hoc approaches applied on a case-by-case basis.

The overall approach to management is disorganized.

2 Repeatable but

Intuitive

Processes have developed to the stage where similar procedures are followed by different people

undertaking the same task.

No formal training or communication of standard procedures, responsibility left to the individual.

A high degree of reliance on knowledge of individuals and, therefore, errors are likely to occur.

3 Defined Process Procedures have been standardized and documented, and communicated through training.

It is mandated these processes should be followed; though unlikely deviations will be detected.

The procedures themselves are not sophisticated but are the formalization of existing practices.

4 Managed and

Measurable

Management monitors and measures compliance with procedures and takes action where processes appear

not to be working effectively.

Processes are under constant improvement and provide good practice.

Automation and tools are used in a limited or fragmented way.

5 Optimized Processes have been refined to a level of good practice, based on the results of continuous improvement

and maturity modeling with other enterprises.

IT is used in an integrated way to automate the workflow, providing tools to improve quality and

effectiveness, making the enterprise quick to adapt.

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Business Process Management (BPM)

► a disciplined approach to

■ identifying,

■ designing,

■ executing,

■ documenting,

■ monitoring,

■ controlling, and

■ measuring

► automated and non-automated business processes,

► to achieve consistent and targeted results that are aligned with an

organization's strategic goals.

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Related diagram types


Avancier An entity/object state chart



Avancier A use case diagram



Avancier A use case diagram with packaging of use cases



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