B.P

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SNDT Women’s University

(Sndt.digitaluniversity.ac)

Syllabus – Bachelors in Pharmacy

SNDT Women’s University 1, Nathibai Thackersey Road,

Mumbai 400 020

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S.�.D.T. WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women’s University, founded in 1916 by Maharashi Dhondo Keshav Karave was nurtured by Sir Vithaldas Thackersey and Lady Premlila Thackersey and many other social workers who very firmly and correctly believed in women’s full participation in all spheres of life. Thus began the empowerment process in a very modest way. The University was started from a very small “Kutir” in Pune. As years passed by the reforms came and social mind set began to change. More and more parents started believing in the mission of the University and enrolled their daughters in the educational institutions. This led to expansion of the University. Today it has three campuses, one each in Churchgate (HQ), Juhu and Pune. The University is making rapid strides and with All India Jurisdiction, the number of colleges affiliating to the University is increasing at a fast pace. In the beginning the University started diploma courses but quickly initiated degree and PG courses in the faculty of arts, commerce, home-science, nursing, library science, education, computer science, PHARMACY, management studies and engineering. Befitting with the objectives of the University and due to the rapid changes taking place in society wherein more girls are opting for professional courses, the University started a full fledged degree course in Pharmacy in Juhu Campus at C.U.Shah College of Pharmacy in 1980,with the generous donation of Rs. five lacs from C.U.Shah Charitable Trust and later a further donation of Rs. eight lacs. Padmashree A. V. Mody of Unichem Laboratories also gave a donation of Rs. five lacs to the college. The University now offers the following courses in Pharmaceutical Sciences.

• Four Year Bachelor of Pharmacy

• Four Semester – Master of Pharmacy (Quality Assurance)

• Four Semester – Master of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutics-Industrial Pharmacy)

• One Year P. G. Diploma in Pharmaceutical Analysis

• One Year P.G. Diploma in Cosmeticology

• One Year P.G. Diploma in Drug Information.

• Ph. D. in Faculty of Technology The special features of Bachelor of Pharmacy course are :

• Project work is carried under the guidance of teachers by each student in the 4th year and a report is presented at a seminar and copy is submitted to the college.

• At the end of the third year, practical training in Industry or Hospitals attached to Medical Colleges especially Pharmacology Department is imparted.

• Visits are arranged to pharmaceutical industries, analytical laboratories and hospitals, during which staff members accompany students.

• Special training in hospital pharmacy and in the newly emerging field of Clinical Pharmacy is imparted not only in theory classes but also in practicals conducted in laboratories.

• Analysis and Packaging of Pharmaceuticals is given more emphasis, as girls are usually preferred by Industry in these fields.

• For proper all round development of students, co-curricular activities are also given due importance.

• To suit women’s need, a complete one year theory and practical course in Cosmeticology is included. These are all devised with a focus on the aptitude, talents and job potential for

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women and emerging needs of society, by a committee of experts specially appointed by the University.

• The emerging subjects like Computers, Informatics and Biotechnology are also included in the course. Hostel : A limited number of seats are available in the hostel. Eligibility: Only girl students can join any of the above-mentioned courses. The eligibility

for each course varies and is as per the Govt./University rules prevailing at the time. PATTERN OF EXAMINATIONS : (Subject to revision and modifications) A candidate shall be required to attend at least 75% of the number of lectures and the number of practicals separately for each subject of study in each term, only then subject to other conditions being fulfilled, a student will be eligible to appear at the University Examinations. The Principal of the College will have the discretion to condone 10% of the attendance in theory and/or practicals of any one subject or subjects if he/she is fully convinced of the student’s absence on the ground of health or reasons beyond control. There will be University examination at the end of each year. Internal Assessment : The framework of subjects for the B.Pharm. Degree states that there is internal assessment to the tune of 30% marks in each subject separately for theory & practicals. Periodic tests in theory: During each academic year there will be three unit tests for each theory subject. Marks of the best two U.T. will be sent to the University as internal assessment marks. Periodic tests in practicals: During each term there will be one unit test in Practicals. Each regular practical will be assessed by the teachers. Quiz assignments may be given and marks will be allotted. NO REPEAT UNIT TEST IN THEORY OR PRACTICALS WILL BE GIVEN. Standard of Passing : University Examination : These rules are subject to revision and modification from time to time)

(i) A candidate shall obtain at least 40% marks (internal assessment and University examination combined) separately in theory and in practical of each subject for passing in the University examination. (ii) A candidate shall also obtain, at least 50% marks in the aggregate of all the prescribed subjects to pass in the University examination. (iii) Thereafter the grand total of marks at the Internal Assessment and the University examination shall be converted into a specified Grade on the basis of the following table.

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GRADE CLASS MARKS REQUIRED

B Second At least 50% but less than 60% marks

A First At least 60% but less than 70% marks

A+ First class with Distinction At least 70% but less than 80% marks

0 First class Outstanding At least 80% marks and above

Candidate who is not able to clear all the subjects at the same attempt will be declared as passed with ‘C’ Grade, if failed subjects are cleared in subsequent examinations. Exemption and A T K T Rules: The rules are prescribed by the University from time to time. Schedule of fees : Tuition fees will be charged as prescribed by the Government of Maharashtra and is subject to revision. Refund of fees : Tuition fees and College fees will be refunded as per the rules prescribed by the Government from time to time.

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B.PHARM. SYLLABUS

FIRST YEAR B.PHARM. SECOND YEAR B.PHARM.

Sr.No SUBJECT HRS./W Sr.. No

SUBJECT HRS./W

TH PR TH PR

1.1 Mathematics & Statistics

2

-- 2.1 Pharmaceutical Engineering

2 --

1.2 Computers

1 2 2.2 Pharmacognosy-I 2 3

1.3 Microbiology-I

2 3 2.3 Microbiology-II 2 3

1.4 Anatomy, Physiology & Hygiene

2 3 2.4 Pathophysiology & Health Education

2 --

1.5 Physical Chemistry

2 4 2.5 Pharmaceutical Analysis-I

2 3

1.6 Organic Chemistry-I

2 4 2.6 Organic Chemistry-II 2 --

1.7 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-I

2 - 2.7 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II

2 --

1.8 Pharmaceutics-I

2 4 2.8 Pharmaceutics-II 2 4

- 2.9 Physical Pharmacy

2 4

Total Hours/Week

15 20 Total Hours/Week 18 17

35 35

THIRD YEAR B.PHARM. FINAL YEAR B.PHARM..

Sr. No

SUBJECT HRS./W Sr.. No

SUBJECT HRS./W

TH PR TH PR

3.1 Pharmaceutical Jurispendence

2 -- 4.1 Industrial Organisation & Drug Store Management

2 --

3.2 Pharmacognosy-II 2 3 4.2 Cosmeticology 2 3

3.3 Clinical Pharmacy & Drug Interactions

1 -- 4.3 Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics

1 --

3.4 Pharmacology-I 2 2 4.4 Pharmacology-II 2 4

3.5 Pharmaceutical Analysis-II

2 4 4.5 Biochemistry 2 3

3.6 Dispensing & Hospital Pharmacy

2 3 4.6 Biotechnology 1 --

3.7 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-III

2 4 4.7 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-IV

2 4

3.8 Pharmaceutics-III 2 4 4.8 Pharmaceutics-IV 2 4

4.9 Project & Seminar 2 --

Total Hours/Week

15 20 Total Hours/Week 16 18

35 34

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Examination pattern

FIRST YEAR B.PHARM. EXAM HRS.

THEORY MARKS

TOTAL MARKS

EXAM HRS.

PRACTICAL MARKS

TOTAL MARKS

Sr.No SUBJECT INT EXT INT EXT

1.1 Mathematics & Statistics

3 30 70 100 - - - -

1.2 Computers

2 15 35 50 - - - -

1.3 Microbiology-I

3 30 70 100 4 30 70 100

1.4 Anatomy, Physiology & Hygiene

3 30 70 100 4 30 70 100

1.5 Physical Chemistry

3 30 70 100 6 30 70 100

1.6 Organic Chemistry-I

3 30 70 100 6 30 70 100

1.7 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-I

3 30 70 100 - - - -

1.8 Pharmaceutics-I

3 30 70 100 6 30 70 100

23 750 26 500

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Examination pattern

SECOND YEAR B.PHARM.

EXAM HRS.

THEORY MARKS

TOTAL MARKS

EXAM HRS.

PRACTICAL MARKS

TOTAL MARKS


2.1 Pharm.Engg

3 30 70 100 - - - -

2.2 Pharmacognosy-I

3 30 70 100 4 30 70 100

2.3 Microbiology-II

3 30 70 100 4 30 70 100

2.4 Pathophysiology and Health Education

3 30 70 100 - - - -

2.5 Pharm.Anal.I

3 30 70 100 6 30 70 100

2.6 Organic Chemistry-II

3 30 70 100 - - - -

2.7 Pharmaceutical Chem.II

3 30 70 100 - - - -

2.8 Pharmaceutics-II

3 30 70 100 6 30 70 100

2.9 Physical Pharmacy

3 30 70 100 6 30 70 100

26 850 25 450

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Examination pattern

THIRD YEAR B.PHARM. EXAM HRS.

THEORY MARKS

TOTAL MARKS

EXAM HRS.

PRACTICAL MARKS

TOTAL MARKS


3.1 Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence

3 30 70 100 - - - -

3.2 Pharmacognosy II

3 30 70 100 4 30 70 100

3.3 Clincial Pharmacy & Drug Interactions

2 15 35 50 - - - -

3.4 Pharmacology I

3 30 70 100 3 15 35 50

3.5 Pharm. Analysis II

3 30 70 100 6 30 70 100

3.6 Dispensing & Hospital Pharmacy

3 30 70 100 6 30 70 100

3.7 Pharm.Chemistry-III

3 30 70 100 6 30 70 100

3.8 Pharmaceutics III

3 30 70 100 6 30 70 100

23 750 6 30 70 550

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Examination pattern

FINAL YEAR B.PHARM. EXAM HRS.

THEORY MARKS

TOTAL MARKS

EXAM HRS.

PRACTICAL MARKS

TOTAL MARKS


4.1 Industrial Organisation & Drug Store Management

3

30

70

100

-

-

-

-

4.2 Cosmeticology

3 30 70 100 6 30 70 100

4.3 Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics

2 15 35 50 - - - -

4.4 Pharmacology-II

3 30 70 100 4 30 70 100

4.5 Biochemistry

3 30 70 100 4 30 70 100

4.6 Biotechnology

2 15 35 50 - - - -

4.7 Pharmaceutical Chemistry IV

3 30 70 100 6 30 70 100

4.8 Pharmaceutics-IV

3 30 70 100 6 30 70 100

4.9 Project & Seminar

GRADE

700 500

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FIRST YEAR B.PHARM

MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS (THEORY) Mathematics Minimum 50 Hr./Yr.

1) Partial differentiation. Total differential: Euler’s Theorem for homogenous

functions.

2) Higher derivatives, Leibnitz’s theorem. Mean value theorems.

3) Differential equations of first order, Linear or differential equations. Equations

reducible to linear equations with constant coefficients. Legendre’s linear

equations.

4) Definite integrations, fundamental theorems of integral calculus.

Statistics :

1) Probability, Mathematical expectations, Correlation, Regression.

2) Random variables and distribution functions, Joint probability distribution

functions and Marginal distribution functions. Joint density function and marginal

density function. Moments and moment generating function.

3) Discrete and continuous distributions.

4) Testing of hypothesis

5) Curve fitting and Principle of least squares.

6) Quality Control.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS :

Latest editions of the following books.

1) Grewal, B. S., Higher Engineering Mathematics, Khanna Publishers. 2) S. C. Gupta & V. K. Kapoor, Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics

Sultan Chand & Sons, 2003. 3) Boltan, Pharmaceutical Statistics, Marcel Dekker Publications. 4) Pharmaceutical Statistics : Practical & Clinical applications.

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FIRST YEAR B.PHARM

COMPUTERS (THEORY) Minimum 25Hr./Yr.

1. Introduction to Computers

2. Historical development

Present and future applications of computers in everyday life and scientific

research.

3. Types of Computers, Micro, Mini, Mainframe, Super computers,

4. Computer hardware:

Components, Basic anatomy of computers, Central Processing Unit, Control

Unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit, Memory devices, Input Devices, Output devices,

Secondary storage devices.ces.

5. Computer codes and arithmetics

Binary number system, Fixed point and floating point numbers, Character

data representation, ASCII Codes, Computer logic, Boolean algebra, Truth

tables, logic gates. Boolean algebra, Truth tables, loc g

6. Software Components:

System Software, Machine language, High-level languages.

7. Data Processing Concepts:

Types of data processing, Online processing, Time-sharing.

8. Application Software:

General Purpose applications, Word processors, Spread sheets, DBMS,

Presentation graphics, Software suites, Integrated packages.

9. Communications and Connectivity :

Fax machines, E-mail, Voice messaging systems, Video conferencing

systems, Shared resources, Online services, User connection, Modems,

Types of modems, Types of connections, Communication channels,

Telephone lines, Coaxial cable, Fiber optic cable, Microwave, Satellite, Data

transmission, Network architecture, Network types.

10.The Internet and the Web :

Internet applications, Access, E-mail, E-commerce, Internet services

Browsers, Web pages, Search tools, Web utilit ies, Organizational internets,

Intranets & extranets.

11 Multimedia and Web Authoring:

Multimedia, Web authoring, Graphic programs, Virtual reality, Artificial

intelligence, Project management,

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FIRST YEAR B.PHARM

COMPUTER (PRACTICALS ) Minimum 50Hr./Yr.

Practicals based on topics covered in theory including introduction to :

1) Microsoft Word

2) Microsoft Excel

3) Microsoft Powerpoint

RECOMMENDED BOOKS :


1. Roger Hunt, John Shelley, ‘Computers and Commonsense’, Prentice Hall of

India Pvt. Ltd. 2. N. Subramanian, Introduction to Computer and fundamentals of Computer

Science, Tata Mc. Graw Hill Publishing Co., New Delhi.Computer application in Pharmacy by Fassett, William & Christensen Dale. B.

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FIRST YEAR B.PHARM

MICROBIOLOGY-I (THEORY) Minimum 50 Hr./Yr.

1. Microbiology and its applications to pharmacy and medicine (3)

2. Principles of microscopy. (3)

3. Study of bacteria with respect to its morphology, cell characteristics, habits,

nutrition, reproduction, cultivation. (10)

4. Growth phases and factors affecting growth of bacteria, measurement of growth

bacteria. (4)

5. Staining methods including (3)

Gram’s staining negative staining, acid fast staining, flagella staining, cell wall

staining, staining of nuclear body or material, observation of motility etc.

6. Culture media such as cultivation and storage media, enrichment media,

differential media, selective media, media for special purposes. (7)

7. Maintenance and preservation of pure cultures. (3)

8. Study of yeast, molds, viruses, algae, rickettsiae, chalmydiae and protozoa

(5)

With respect to their morphology, cell characteristics, habits, nutrition,

reproduction, cultivation and pathogens.

9. Flora of normal human body. (4)

10. Microbiology of air, soil, milk and water. (5)

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FIRST YEAR B.PHARM

MICROBIOLOGY-I (PRACTICALS) Minimum 75 Hr./Yr.

1. Study of microscope

2. Staining techniques : Staining of Cell wall, Negative staining, Capsule staining,

Spore staining, Gram’s staining, Motility-hanging drop preparation, Study of

yeast observation of motility, flagella staining, staining of nuclear body or

material.

3. Measurement of size of microorganisms.

4. Counting the number of micro organisms/ml of the culture

5. Determination of Thermal Death Time

6. Factors affecting growth of organisms, temp and pH

7. Preparation & inoculation of nutrient broth medium, nutrient agar

media slant, stab & plates.

8. Microbiological analysis of air, water.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS :

Latest edition of the following books.

1. Pelczar, Reid and Chan ‘Microbiology’, Tata Mc Graw Hill

Publishing Co.

2. Frobisher, Crabtree, Good heart. ‘Fundamentals of Microbiology’ 9th

ed,W. S. Saunder’s Company,

3. Carpenter ‘Fundamentals of Microbiology, W. B. Saunder’s Company

4. Rawlines(ed), ‘Bentleys text book of Pharmaceutics’, Balliere Tindall

publication,

5. Hugo and Roussel ‘Pharmaceutical Microbiology’. Blackwell Scientific

Publications.

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FIRST YEAR B.PHARM ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE (THEORY) Minimum 50 Hr./Yr.

1. Introduction to the human body parts as a whole and various systems. (1) 2. Cellular Physiology: Sub cellular organization, membrane transport process, genetic action and normal cell division. (2 )

3. Basic tissue structure and function of epithelial, connective, muscular

nervous and glandular tissue, tissue repair and homeostasis, nerve impulse

generation and transmission. (6)

4. Musculoskeletal system:

Cartilage, skeletal system, types of bones and joints, properties of the muscle,

Components and functions of the joints. (4)

5. Digestive System : Anatomy, physiology and functions of the alimentary, (4)

tract, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine. Functions – Absorption and digestion, ingestion, propulsion, mechanical and chemical digestion, defecation. Control of digestion-intrinsic and extrinsic reflexes,

Blood supply to the digestive system,

Enteric nervous system of the alimentary tract,

The Tongue and salivary glands, saliva and control of salivation

The Teeth – tooth and gum diseases.

Digestive processes in the mouth, Heartburn, The Stomach

Regulation of the three phases of gastric secretion

Role of gastrin, intestinal gastrin, Acetylcholine and histamine

Gastric contractility and emptying

The Small Intestine, Structure adapted for absorption of nutrients

The Liver and Gallbladder, functions of the liver,

Liver lobules and Kupffer cells,

Bile components, synthesis and secretion

Functions of the gallbladder and Cholecystokinin (CCK)

The Pancreas, Exocrine (digestive) function, pancreatic enzymes

The Large Intestine, Regions and Function, Bacterial flora.

6. Respiratory system: (4)

Structure of the respiratory system, blood supply to the lungs, pulmonary ventilation, compliance and airway resistance, lung volume and capacities, exchange of 02 and C02 ,

control of respiration and maintenance of acid base balance.

7. Cardiovascular system: (4)

Blood; Composition and functions of blood, formation of cellular components,

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Maintenance of homeostasis, blood groups, and blood types.Heart; Structure

of heart, blood supply to the heart, conduction system and pacemaker, physiology

of cardiac muscle contraction, ECG, cardiac cycle and cardiac output.

8. Lymphatic system: (2 )

Lymphatic vessels, lymph circulation, lymphatic tissues, non-specific ic vessels, lresistance to the disease, immunity and functions of the immune system.

9. Excretory system :

Structure of kidney and urinary tract, renal physiology, mechanism of urine

formation, regulation of urine output and diuresis. (4)

10. Integument and special senses: (4)

Anatomy and physiology of the skin, epidermal derivatives, anatomy and

physiology of the eye and ear, anatomy of the olfactory receptors and

physiology of the olfaction.

11. Nervous system: (5)

Structure of brain and spinal cord, neurotransmitters and anatomy and

physiology of the autonomic nervous system, EEG.

12. Endocrine system: (5)

Endocrine glands, mechanism of hormone action, control of hormone

secretion. Hypothalamus and pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid

gland, thymus gland, adrenal gland and pineal gland.

13. Reproductive system : (4)

Anatomy and physiology of the male and female reproductive system, the

female reproductive cycle, pregnancy and birth control methods.

14. Fluid electrolytes, acid-base homeostasis, fluid compartments and fluid (2)

balance, electrolytes and body fluids, movements of the body fluids acid-

base balance and maintenance of acid base balance.

15. Personal hygiene, outline of public health, measures for the prevention of (2)

diseases.

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ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY & HYGIENE (PRACTICALS) Minimum 75 Hr./Yr.B

1. Study of Neubuer’s chamber.

2. Determination of total WBC count

3. Determination of total RBC count

4. Determination of Differential WBC count

5. Determination of platelet count

6. Estimation of Haemoglobin

7. Determination of bleeding time

8. Determination of clotting time

9. Determination of blood group

10. Determination of Erythrocytes sedimentation rate.

11. Effect of single impulse on nerve muscle stimulation

12. Effect of successive stimuli on nerve muscle stimulation

13. Effect of fatigue on gastronemius sciatic nerve muscle preparation.

14. Genesis of tetanus using the nerve muscle preparation

15. Demonstration of recording of ECG by Biopac system

16. Demonstration of recording of EEG

17. Demonstration of recording of blood pressure

18. Effect of osmotic pressure on human blood cells

19. Demonstration of recording of pulse

20. Demonstration of recording of heart sounds

21. Demonstration of recording of Airflow

22. Demonstration of recording of respiratory parameters

23. Demonstration of recording of lung capacity

24. Study of histological slides of cells and tissues

25. Effect of temperature on frog’s heart

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RECOMMENDED BOOKS :


1. Grabowski, Tortora Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, Harper Collins publisher, U.S.A.,

2. Guyton A.C., and Hall J.E., Textbook of Medical Physiology, Published by Prism books Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India.

3. Wilson J.W., Ross and Wilson, Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness, Churchill Livingstone Publishers, New York, U.S.A.

4. Evelyn P, Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses, Published by Jaypee Brothers Publications, New Delhi, India.

5. Goyal P.S., Practical Anatomy – Physiology and Biochemistry, B. S. Shah Prakashan, Ahmedabad, India.

6. Godkar P.B., Godkar D.P., Textbook of Medical Laboratory Technology, Bhalani Publishing House, Mumbai, India.

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FIRST YEAR B.PHARM

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (THEORY) Minimum 50 Hr./Yr.

Principles of Physical Chemistry should be treated with reference to their applications

in Pharmacy.

1. Composition and physical states of matter: (8)

Intermolecular forces and their impact on the state of matter and various physical

properties of matter, dipole moment, dielectric constant, Van Der Vaal’s equation

and critical phenomenon, liquification of gases, Aerosols.

2. Colligative properties : (7)

The liquid state, vapour pressure, ideal and real solutions, Raoult’s law, elevation of

boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determine of molecular

weight based on colligative properties.

3. Thermodynamics: (5)

First law, thermochemical laws, isothermic and adiabetic processes, reversible

processes, work of expansion, heat content, enthalpy, heat capacity.

4. Phase rule : (9)

One, two and three component systems, and their applications, solid-solid,

solid-liquid and liquid-liquid systems.

Distillation of binary systems, azeotropic mixtures, steam distillation, vacuum

distillation, fractional distillation.

5. Refractive index, specific refractivity, molar refractivity, refractometers. (4)

Optical rotation: theory, measurement and applications.

6. Solutions : Solubility, factors affecting solubility, solubility curves (10)

types of solutions, effect of co-solvency, pH and other factors on solubility. Solubility

of gases in liquids, liquids in liquids and solids in liquids,critical solution temperature,

law of partitioning and its applications.Solute solvent interactions. Expression of

concentration of pharmaceutical solutions and calculations, molarity, molality, mole

fraction and percentage expressions.

7. Electro-chemistry : Properties of electrolyte solutions, electrolysis, (5)

Faraday’s law of electrolysis, electron transport, single electrode potential,

concentration cells.

8. Ionic equilibrum : Theory of conductivity, conductometric titrations and (2)

applications.

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PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (PRACTICALS) Minimum 100 Hr./Yr.

Experiments based on topics specified in theory syllabus will include the

following: 1) Introduction to GLP, introduction to apparatus, equipment and instruments.

2) Determination of specific gravity of liquid solutions.

3) Standardization of acid/ base solutions.

4) Preparation of normal and molar solutions.

5) Determination of critical solution temperature of phenol-water system.

6) Determination of critical solution temperature of triethylamine-water

system.

7) Determination of partition co-efficient of benzoic acid in toluene water system.

8) Determination of partition coefficient: , Iodine in carbon tetrachloride water.

9) Determination of specific refractivity and molar refractivity using

refractometer.

10) Determination of optical rotation of an optically active substance using

polarimeter.

11) Determination of molecular weight by Rast’s camphor method.

12) Determination of heat of solubilization of benzoic acid in water.

13) Potentiometer: Determination of buffer capacity of a solution of a weak

acid and its salt.

14) Determination of normality of acid solution.

15) Study of mutual solubility of ternary systems: benzene acetone-water,

16) Toluene-acetone-water.

17) Conductometric titrations: strong acid and strong base,

18) Strong acid and weak base.

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RECOMMENDED BOOKS :

Latest editions of the following books. 1. Martin, A.N., ‘Physical Pharmacy’, B.I. Waverley New Delhi.

2. Glasstone, Samuel, ‘Textbook of Physical Chemistry’, McMilan. India.

3. Subramanyam, CVS, ‘Essentials of Physical Pharmacy’ Vallabh

Prakashan, Delhi.

4. Hadkar, CB., Vasudevan, T.N., and Laddha, K.S., ‘Practical Physical

Pharmacy, Yucca Publishing House, Dombivli.

5. Bahl S.S., Tuli, G.D., Bahl Arun Finally’s Practical Physical Chemistry ;

S. Chand and Co.

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FIRST YEAR B.PHARM ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I (THEORY) Minimum 50 Hr./Yr.

1. Classification and sources of organic compounds. Sigma and ∏ bonds,

Sp3, Sp2 and Sp hybridization. Bond lengths, bond angles and bond

energies. Bond polarization and inductive effects. Fission of a covalent

bond. Concept of resonance and hyperconjugation. Acidity and

basicity. Calculations for determining empirical and molecular formula.

2. Nomenclature of organic compounds based on IUPAC system (2)

(to be covered while discussing each class of compounds).

3. The following classes of compounds will be discussed in details regarding

their- (3)

(a) General methods of preparation,

(b) Physical properties and

(c) Chemical reactions, including their mechanisms. (The stereochemical

aspects of these reactions should be dealt with appropriately wherever

applicable).

i) Alkanes (3), ii) Alkenes (3), iii) Alkynes (2),

iv) Aliphatic halogen compounds (4), v) Aliphatic hydroxy compounds (3),

vi) Ethers (2), vii) Aldehydes and Ketones (2), vii i) Carboxylic acids (5),

ix) Acid chlorides and acid anhydrides (3), x) Esters (2),

xi) Aliphatic amines (4) xii i) Amides (2).

4 Aromaticity, Huckel’s rule and criteria for determining aromaticity

of a compound. Structure and aromatic character of benzene. (2)

5 The following classes of compounds should be covered in details regarding

their a) general methods of preparations, b) physical properties and

c) chemical reactions, giving emphasis on the mechanism of the reaction:

i) Benzene and aromatic hydrocarbons (3)

ii Aromatic nitro compounds. (2)

iii) Aromatic amines. (2)

iv) Diazonium salts. (2)

v) Aromatic halides and (2) vi) Aromatic hydroxy compounds. (2)

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FIRST YEAR B.PHARM ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – I (PRACTICALS) Minimum 100 Hr./Yr.

I] Qualitative organic tests for identification of organic compounds such as:

1) Determination of physical constants

2) Preliminary tests

3) Determination of elements

4) Determination of functional groups.

5) Preparation of derivatives

Compounds identification such as :Acids :benzoic acid, salicylic acid, oxalic

acid, phthalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, nitroacids, aminoacids, sulphanilic

acid etc.

Phenols: and β naphthol, cresols, nitrophenols, aminophenols, etc.

Bases: aniline, toluidines, nitroanilines, etc.

Natural compounds: hydrocarbons, esters, amides, anilides, carbohydrates etc.

II] Synthesis of some organic compounds involving following one-step reactions:-

Acetylation :acetanilide from aniline Nitration :p-nitrosalicylic acid from salicylic acid.

Bromination :p-bromoacetanilide from acetanilide.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS :


1) Morrison, R.T. Boyd, D. J. and Hammond. G.S., Organic Chemistry,

Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi – 110001.

2) Hendrickson J. B., Cram, D. J. and Hammond, G.S., Organic Chemistry’,

McGraw Hill, Kogakusha Ltd., New Delhi, International Students edition.

3) Eliel, E. L. ‘Stereochemistry of carbon compounds’, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.

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FIRST YEAR B.PHARM PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-I (THEORY) Minimum 50 Hr./Yr.

1. Impurities in pharmaceutical substances, sources of impurities, types and (6)

effects of impurities. Limit tests of Chlorides, Sulphates, Iron, Heavy metals,

Lead, Arsenic, Mercury as per I.P.

2. Calibration of weights, glassware (pipettes) instruments (balance, pH meter). (2)

3. Monograph and its importance, various tests included in monographs as per (4)

I.P. such as :

Loss on drying, Ash values, Extractive values, Moisture content, Identification

tests, Acidity, Alkalinity, Tests for purity, Assay etc.

4. A study of following compounds with respect to methods of preparation, assay

and pharmaceutical use : (4)

Sodium citrate, Silver nitrate, Copper sulphate, light and heavy Kaolin,

Ammonium chloride, Ferrous gluconate.

5. Radioisotopes - (4)

Iodine - 131, Iodine-125, Phosphorus–32, Chromium-51, Cobalt-60, Gold-198,

Radium-226, Iron-59, Technitium-99M. Radiopharmaceuticals and their

application to Pharmacy and medicine.

6. Importance of pH, pka and their effect on the absorption and excretion of (2)

drugs, Henderson Hasselbalch equation.

7. Physicochemical properties of drugs and their relation to drug action. (3)

8. Receptor site theory with simple examples. (2)

9. Study of the following classes of drugs with regard to their biological activity,

Mode of action, structure activity relationship and simple synthesis.

(a) General anaesthetics : (3)

Chloroform*, Ether*, Halothane, Paraldehyde, Thiopental Sodium,

Cyclopropane, Ketamine HCl.

(b) Local anesthetics:

(2)

Procaine*, Lidocaine*, Benzocaine*

(c) Antiseptics and disinfectants (3)

Hexachlorophene, Ethyl alcohol.

(d) Upper respiratory tract drugs :

(4)

Ephedrine*, Guiacol, Acetylcysteine, Phenyl propanolamine*

(e) CNS stimulants and hallucinogens (3)

Imipramine, Nikethemide, Pentylene tetrazole,

(f) Purgatives, laxatives, antidiarrhoeal agents.

(3)

25 | P a g e

(g) Diagnostic agents

(2)

(h) Coagulants, anticoagulants and plasma expanders.

(3)

( * = Synthesis of compounds)

RECOMMENDED BOOKS :


1) Foye. W.O., ‘Principles of Medicinal Chemistry’, K.E.Varghese and

Company,Mumbai – 31.

2) Wilson, C., Gisvold. O., and Doerge, J.B., Textbook of Organic Medical and

Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J. B. Lippincot Company, Toronto.

3) Burger, A.B., Part I, II & III, Medicinal Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.N.

York.

4) Indian Pharmacopoeia, Vol. I & II, 1996.

5) Block, J. H., Roche F.B., Soine, T. I., and Wilson, C.O. Inorganic Medicinal&

Pharmaceutical Chemistry’. Varghese Publishing House Mumbai-14.

IndianEdition.

6) Atherden, L. M., ‘Bentley and Drivers Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry’,Oxford

Medical Publications.

26 | P a g e

FIRST YEAR B.PHARM PHARMACEUTICS – I (THEORY) Minimum 50 Hr./Yr.

1) History of Pharmacy (6)

a) Origin and early history of pharmacy

b) Development of Profession of Pharmacy and pharmaceutical industry in

India.

c) Scope of Pharmacy practice

d) Ethics of pharmacy

2) Introduction to sources of pharmaceutical l iterature and publications.

(2)

Development of I.P., B.P., U.S.P. and International Pharmacopoeia.

Pharmaceutical organizations and regulatory authorities.

3) a) Classification and definitions of pharmaceutical products. (5)

b) Introduction to Formulation of Dosage forms

4) Principles, processes and equipment involved in the formulation, manufacture

(15)

and quality control of monophasic liquid dosage forms including Waters,

Aromatic waters, Solutions (oral and topical), syrups, elixirs, paediatric drops,

glycerites and spirits.

5) a) Principles, methods and equipments involved in the extraction of crude

(12)

drugs for the preparation of Tinctures, Extracts, Infusions, Decoctions,

Resins and Oleoresins, illustrated with suitable examples.

b) Processes of extraction, such as decoction, maceration, infusion,

percolations and modifications thereof for large scale extractions.

6) Unit operations used in making of the above formulations, size reduction, mixing, clarification and filtration. (10)

27 | P a g e

PHARMACEUTICS – I ( PRACTICALS ) Minimum 100 Hr./Yr.

1. Quality Control tests for Purified Water. I.P.

2 . Preparation of Dilute acids ammonia and alcohol from concentrated solutions.

Hydrocholoric acid

10% w/w B.P., Acetic acid 6% w/w B.P. Ammonia Solution 4% w/w

Ammonia Solution 4% w/v Alcohol 70% v/v, Alcohol 40% v/v.

3. Preparation of Aromatic Waters :

Camphor Water I. P., Chloroform Water B. P.,

Cinnamon Water B. P., Peppermint Water B. P

Dill Water I. P., Gripe Water.

4. Preparation of Solutions :

Benzoic acid solution I. P., Sodium Phosphate solution N F

Lugol’s solution I P 66 (5% I2 w/v), Strong Solution of Iodine I P 66

Compound Sodium Chloride solution I P., Strong solution of ammonium

acetate I P 66, Aluminum acetate solution, Strong B P C., Magnesium Citrate

Solution N F., Concentrated Solution of Vit A, and Vit- D (I.P. 1966),

Surgical Chlorinated Soda Solution BPC. Solution of Tolu, BPC.,

Coal tar solution I.P., Solution of Cresol with soap B P.,

Ferrous iodide solution BPC.

5. Preparation of Syrups:

Simple Syrup U.S.P. 85% w/v., Simple Syrup IP 66% v/v.,

Artificial Syrup BPC., Artificial Syrup E P, Ferrous Iodide Syrup B.P.C.,

Citric Acid Syrup N.F., Lemon Syrup.,BPC

Codeine Phosphate Syrup BPC., Vasaka Syrup I P.,

Ephedrine Sulphate syrup N.F., Chloral Hydrate syrup U.S.P,

Ferrous Sulphate Syrup N.F.

6. Preparation of Elixirs :-

Compound Benzaldehyde Elixir NF, Three Bromides Elixir NF,

Piperazine citrate Elixir BPC., Aromatic Elixir N.F. Paedratic Paracetamol Elixir BPC.

7. Preparation of Glycerites :

Glycerine of Borax I P., Starch Glycerite BPC., Glycerotannic acid IP., Compound thymol glycorine BPC.

8. Preparation of Infusions, Decoction, Tinctures:

Infusion of Quassia Recenes I P, Infusion of Chirata I.P,

Decoctum Aloes Compositac BPC, Vinegar of Squill B.P,

28 | P a g e

Lemon Tincture, Orange Tincture, Compound Cardamom Tincture BPC, Compound Benzoin Tincture., Conc. Senna Infusion BPC. 9. Preparation of Liquid Extracts:

Liquid Extract of Vasaka I.P., Liquid Extract of Ashoka I.P.,

Liquid Extract of Nuxvomica I.P., Liquid Extract of Glycerrhiza I.P.,

Bael Liquid Extract I.P.

10. Preparation of Spirits : Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia

11. Preparation of Linctus : Simple linctus BPC., Codeine Linctus BPC

12. Determination of Alcohol content

13. Demonstration of machines/equipment used in manufacture of above products. 14. Industry visit Report.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS :


1. Ansel, H.C. Popovich, Allen, Jr., ‘Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug

Delivery Systems’, B.I. Waverly Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

2. Carter, S.J.(ed) Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial Pharmacy, CBS Publishers and

Distributors, Delhi.

3. Lachman, L., Liberman; H.A., ‘The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy’,

Varghese Publishing House, Mumbai.

4. Osol (ed) Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishers,

Pennsylvania.

5. E.A.Rawlins, Bentley’s Textbook of Pharmaceutics, Bailliere Tindall, London; All

India Traveller Books seller, Delhi.

6. H. C. Ansel, Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage forms, Lea & Febiger,

Philadelphia.

7. Aulton, M.E. Pharmaceutics, The science of dosage, form design Churchill

Living-stone, London.

8. Extra Pharmacopoeia IP, BP, USP current editions.

29 | P a g e

SECOND YEAR B. PHARM PHARM. ENGINEERING (THEORY) Minimum 50 Hrs/Yr.

1) Concept of materials and energy balance (3)

2) Flow of fluids : Types of fluids, properties of fluids, statics. Laminar and (3) turbulent flow. Bernoulli equation. Transporation of fluids. Pipe fittings. 3) Heat transfer : Modes of heat transfer. Overall heat transfer coefficient, Heat (4) transfer media Shell and tube plate, finned tube heat exchangers. Introduction to refrigeration, size reduction equipment.

4) Evaporation : Types of evaporators. (2)

5) Size reduction : Theory of size reduction, size reduction equipment. (4)

6) Mixing fundamentals, Mixers for solid-solid, l iquid-liquid and solid-liquid (4) and solid-liquid systems. Selection of mixers. 7) Materials of construction for pharmaceutical plants : Iron and its alloys, (5) Copper and its alloys, aluminum and its alloys, Nickel and its alloys, rubber, plastic, enamel, glass etc.

8) Corrosion : Types of corrosion. Methods for corrosion prevention. (3)

9) Material handling : Equipments for material handling such as belt conveyors, (2) apron conveyors etc. 10) Distillation : Vapour-liquid equilibrium, Flash distillation, fractional (3) distillation, Azeotropes and their separation, Steam distil lation. Distil lation under vacuum, distillation equipment, Sublimation. 11) Crystallization : Temperature – solubility relationship crystallization from (3) solutions and melts, Crystallizers. 12) Extraction and leaching : Selection of solvents, equipments for extraction. (3) 13) Drying : Purpose of drying, moisture contents, drying curves, various types (3) including, spray drying, freeze drying, dryers. 14) Filtration : Theory of filtration, filter media, filter aids.Filtration equipments, (3) Centrifugal filtration.

15) Industrial plant hazards : occupational, mechanical, electrical and fire hazards. (1)

16) Instruments for measurement of pressure, temperature, flow etc. (2)

30 | P a g e

17) Process engineering and preventive maintenance. (1)

18) Introduction to Integrated automated production lines and robotics. (1)

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:


1. David Gandertion, “Unit Processes in Pharmacy”.

2. Roussal Gackenback, “Material selection for process plants”.

3. Stainer, “Plant Engineering Handbook”, Macmillan Publications.

4. Perry and Chilton, “Chemical Engineers Handbook”, McGraw Hill, Delhi.

5. Lachman L., Libberman H. A. “Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy”.

Varghese Publishing House.

6. K. Samabamurthy, “Pharmaceutical Engineering”, New age Intermational (P) Ltd.,

Publishers, New Delhi. 1997.

7. W. L. Badger, Banchero J.T., “Indroduction to Chemical Engineering”,

Tata Mcgraw Hill, Delhi, 1998.

31 | P a g e

SECOND YEAR B. PHARM PHARMACOGNOSY-I (THEORY) Minimum 50 Hrs/Yr

1) General Introduction : Definition, history, development and scope of (1)

pharmacognosy, export potential of medicinal plants.

2) General Pharmacognosy : Classification of crude drugs – alphabetical, morphological,

taxonomical, chemical and biological.Chemotaxonomy and chemical races. Systematic description of crude drugs. Organised and unorganized drugs. Commerce in

crude drugs – cultivation, collection, processing & storage of crude drugs. (5)

3) Evaluation of crude drugs : Different methods of evaluation – organolepic, microscopic, physiochemical, chemical and biological. Extractive values, ash values, determination of foreign organic matter, moisture content, quantitative microscopy including lycopodium spore method and leafconstants. Adulteration of crude drugs and its detection. Preliminary phytochemical screening (5) WHO guidelines for quality control of medicinal plants.

4) Nature, occurrence, chemistry, biogenesis, extraction, isolation of the classes of chemical constituents mentioned in (5) to (9). The systematic study of crude drugs including biological source, geographical source, morphology histology, cultivation, collection and preparation, active constituents, chemical tests,

substitutes and adulterants, therapeutic uses etc.; underlined in (5) to (18). (1)

5) Carbohydrates : Simple and polysaccharides including gums and Mucilages, (3)

Honey, commercial starches, agar, tragacanth, Indian tragacanth, guar gum,

acacia, isapghula seeds, linseed seeds, psyllium seeds, carrageenan, bael

fruits, alginates, TKP, cellulose and its derivatives.

6) Tannins : Pale catechu, black catechu, kinos, galls, ashoka bark, arjuna bark,

(2) myroblans (harda & beharda).

7) Anthraquinone glycosides : Senna leaves & pods, cascara bark, rhubarb (2)

roots, aloes, frangula back, cochineal etc.

8) Cardiac glycosides : Digitalis leaves, stphanthus seeds, squill bulb etc. (2)

9) Saponin glycosides : Dioscorea corns, ginseng, sisal, sarsaparilla, Solanum (2) spp., shatavari roots, gokharu fruits, quillaia barck, glycyrrhiza roots and stolons, senega roots etc.

10) Cynogenetic glycosides: Almonds seeds, wild cherry bark etc. (3)

11) Isothiocyanate glycosides : Mustard seeds. (2)

32 | P a g e

12) Flavonoid glycosides : Citrus fruits, hesperidin, rutin etc. (2)

13) Coumarin glycosides : Tonco beans, Visnaga fruits, psoralea fruits etc.

(3)

14) Simple phenolic glycosides : Male fern roots, vanilla pods, (3)

capsicum fruits 15) Bitter glycosides : Chirata herb, picrorrhiza roots, Kalmegh herb, (3) quassia wood, gentian roots.

16) Resins & resin combinations : Colophony, balsam of Tolu, balsam of Peru, (3) benzoin, storax, copaiba, asafoetida, myrrh, gamboges, vidang fruits, Indian

podophyllum roots, cannabis, kaladana seeds, jalap roots, Brazilian and Indian jalap roots, colocynth fruits, turmeric rhizomes, galang rhizomes etc.

17) Fixed oils, fats & waxes : Castor oil, cod-liver oil, shark liver oil, olive oil, (1) coconut oil, mustard oil, neem oil, arachis oil, chaulmoogra oil, wheat germ oil, cotton seed oil, sesame oil, kokum oil, lanolin, bees wax, wool fat, spermasceti wax

etc.

18) Plant acids : Citrus, tamarind, garcinia, amla. (2)

19) Proteins : Gelatin (2)

20) Drugs of mineral origin : Bentonite, chalk, kieselghur, talc. (2)

33 | P a g e

SECOND YEAR B. PHARM PHARMACOGNOSY-I - (PRACTICALS) Minimum 75 Hrs/Yr

1. Measurement of cell contents : Calcium oxalate crystals, starch grains,

fibres, trichomes, stone cells etc.

2. Lycopodium spore method

3. Leaf constants, ash values, extractive values.

4. Study of commercial starches.

5. Study of detailed histology including powder characteristics of Senna,

Glycerhiza, Cascara, Linseed, Quassia, Ispaghula.

6. Gross morphological identification of drugs mentioned in theory.

7. Morophological and chemical identification of unorganized drugs.

8. Extraction of any two chemical constituents from those mentioned in the theory.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS :


1) Trease and Evans Pharmanosy, 15th edition W.B. Souders Co. Ltd.,

2) Wallis T.E., Texbook of Pharmacognosy, T. E. Wallis,

CBS Publishers & Distributors, 5th edition.

3) Shah C.S., and Quadri J. S., Textbook of Pharmacognosy,.

B. S. Shah Prakashan, Ahmedabad, 7th edition, 1989-90.

4) Brady L. R., Tyler V. E., Robbers J. E., Pharmacognosy,

K.M. Varghese Company, 9th edition 1988.

5) Kokate C. K., Purohit A. P., Gokhale S. B.,

Textbook of Pharmacognosy, Nirali Prakashan, Pune, 1998.

6) Turner T. D. & Brain K.R., Practical Evaluation of Phytopharmaceuticals,

Wright-scient chnica, Bristol, 1975.

7) Khandelwal K. R. Practical Pharmacognosy,

Nirali Prakashan, Pune, 2000.

8) Ayurvedic formulary of India, Part Ist & IInd Government of India Ministry of Health Family

Welfare .

34 | P a g e

SECOND YEAR B. PHARM PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY-II (THEORY) Minimum 50 Hrs/Yr

1. Control of Microorganisms a. Sterilization. (5) Principles, Physical methods of sterilization like thermal methods, nonthermal methods, their applications to Pharmaceuticals, operation of sterilizers like autoclaves, hot air ovens, membrane filters. Biological Indicators. Validation of hot air oven and autoclave. b. Chemical Sterilization (4) Disinfectants Antisepetics Sanitizers Bactericides Fungicides Preservatives, their mode of action, classification, evaluation, factors governing their efficiency. c. Aseptic techniques and their applications Hepa filter validation. (5)

d. Sterility tests : Methodology and interpretation, sterility tests for

typical Pharmaceutical products.

2. Microbial limit tests (3) Pharmacopoeial standards for microbial contamination of various raw materials used in Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic industry.

3.Medical Microbiology (10) Study of common pathogenic micro organisms like Staphylococci, Salmonella, Shigella, Mycobacterium, Klebshiella, Pseudomonas, Clostridium, Treponema, Escherchia, Proteus with respect to their morphological, cultural, biochemical characteristics and diseases caused by them, Fungi and yeast causing skin infections.

4. Medical Parasitology:

Protozoa and infections, Entamoeba histolytica, Treponemal parasites,

Malarial Parasites, Leishmanial parasites.

5. Introduction to mycotoxins like ergot, nephrotoxins (2)

6. Introduction to microbial drug resistance Aflatoxins – organisms producing (3) them, inactivation, prevention, removal of aflatoxins.

Immunology (8)

35 | P a g e

T cell biology

B cell biology

Antigen-Antibody reactions.

Hypersensitivity reactions.

HLA System

Complement System

8. Preparation and standardization of vaccines, sera, diagnostic biologicals. (10)

9. Microbial assays of antibiotics and vitamins (4) Interpretation of results.

36 | P a g e

SECOND YEAR B. PHARM PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY-II (PRACTICALS) Minimum 75 Hrs/Yr

1. Laboratory Rules of operating some common equipments.

2. Determination of MIC of antimicrobial agents.

3. Determination of efficiency of preservatives.

4. Microbial assay of antimicrobial agents like penicill in, crystal violet.

5. Study of a gram positive, gram negative bacteria with respect to their

cultural, morphological, biochemical characteristics.

6. Comparison of different antibiotics or antimicrobial agents by cup plate

method, paper disc, ditchplate method and gradient plate technique.

7. Immunodiffusion in agar gel.

8. Microbial Limit Test as per I.P. on selected samples like starch, gelatin, talc.

9. Steril ity test of selected sterile products.

10. Experimentation on sterilization.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS : Latest editions of the following books.

1. Michael J.P., Chan E.C., Noel R.K., Microbiology, Tata Mc Graw-Hill, Inc,5th edition. 1986.

2. Prescott H.K., Microbiology, International edition, Mc Graw Hill Inc., 5th edition 2002.

37 | P a g e

SECOND YEAR B. PHARM PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND HEALTH EDUCATION (THEORY) Minimum 50 Hrs/Yr.

1. A general introduction of diseases and their causes (2)

Disease etiology:

Genetic, Congenital, Acquired, Idiopathic.

Cell injury and origin of diseases (2)

i) Cellular deficiencies

ii) Cellular intoxication

a) Exogenous toxins

b) Endogenous toxins

2. Infections and parasitic diseases (3) a) Viral b) Bacterial, c) Caused by Spirochetes d) Rickettsia e) Chlamydia f) Systemic fungal g) Parasitic infections i) Protozoal and intestinal

j) Sexually transmitted diseases

3. Immunology: (2)

Allergic disorders, biology of immune system, immunodeficiency diseases,

Hypersensitivity reactions and their disorders, Transplantation-HLA system,

and Tumor immunology

4. Hematological disorders: (2)

Anemia, Its causes, hematological disorders, such as vascular platelet,

heredity, acquired coagulation disorder, Leukemia and Lymphoma

5. Cardiovascular disorders: (4)

i) Hypertension

ii) Cardiac arrhythmias

iii) Congenital, heart diseases

iv) Myocardial disorders

v) Rheumatic heart diseases

vi) Extra cardiac influence on heart, Coronary Artery Diseases

(Angina, atherosclerosis, stroke, peripheral vascular diseases)

6. Pulmonary disorders: (2) Haemoptysis, bronchial asthma, occupational lung diseases, Pneumothorax disorders and acid base disorders 7. Renal and urologic disorders: (3) i) Acid-base disorders, ii) Renal failure, iii) Dialysis, iv) Bacterial infections, v) Obstructive uropathy vi) Urinary incontinence, vii) Urinary calculi and viii) Kidney transplantation 8. Gastrointestinal disorders: (2) Hiatus, hernia, gas, gastritis, peptic ulcer, appendicitis, pancreatitis,

38 | P a g e

constipation, hemorrhoids, anal fissure, fitula and peritonitis, 9. Hepatic and biliary disorders: (2) Jaundice, hepatitis, cirrhosis and fibrosis of liver.

10. Nutritional and metabolic disorders:

Vitamin deficiency, toxicity and obesity

11. Endocrine glands: (4) i) Thyroid-cretinism, myxoedema, hyperthyroidism ii) parathyroid, hyper and hypo calcium metabolism iii) pancreas-diabetes mellitus. 12. Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: (4) i) Arthritis, rheumatic and osteoarthritis ii) lupus erythematosus: cutaneous and systemic iii) gout and v) myasthenia gravis. 13. Neurologic disorders: (4)

Neurological illness: i) Epilepsy and convulsive disorders ii) Meningitis and its type,encephalitis iii) multiple sclerosis iv) parkinsonism v) headache vi) pain vii) sleep disorders viii) mood disorders ix) anxiety disorders and x) narcolepsy

14. Gynaecology and obstetrics: (3)

i) Endometriosis ii) uterine bleeding disorders and their types

iii) premenstrual tension iv) dysmenorrhoea v) prenatal diagnosis and genetic

counseling vi) drugs and pregnancy with relation to duration of

pregnancy types of drugs and vii)amniocentesis.

15 Management of burns (2)

16. Psychiatric disorders: (2) Psychosomatic medicine, neurotic illness and their types, Personality disorders, insomnia, schizophrenia and child psychiatry 17. ENT (disorders of ear, nose and throat), disorders of eye corneal ulcer, (2)

cataract, retinal detachment, glaucoma, contact lenses, skin infections, and

inflammation

18. Newer procedures used in diagnosis. (1)

19. Health education (2)

a) Cause and mode of spread of infections, prevention of infections

b) establishment of clinics like childcare, hospital facilities like ambulance

services, blood centers etc c) environment hygiene and

d) outline of public health measures for prevention of disease

20. First aid measures (2)

39 | P a g e

RECOMMENDED BOOKS: Latest editions of the following books.

1. Wilson, J.D., Braunwald E., Isselbacher K.J., Petersbors R.G., Martin J.V., Fauci A.S., Root

R.K.,Harrison’s Principles of Internal medicine, Published by Mc Graw Hill, New York, U.S.A,

Vol I& II, 12th edition, 1992.

2. Cotran R.S., Kumar V., Robbin S.L., Basic Pathology, 6th edition, Published by W.B.

Saunders Company, New Delhi, India, 1997.

3. Stephen J.M., Vishwanath R.L., William F.G., Jack D.L., Pathophysiology of diseases and

clinical medicine- An introduction, 2nd edition, Published by Prentice-hall International

40 | P a g e

SECOND YEAR B. PHARM PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS-I (THEORY) Minimum 50 Hrs/Yr.

1. Importance of quality control in Pharmacy (4) 2. Acid-Base titrations:- Law of mass action, acid base equillibria, pH scale, (7) use and application of pH meter, pH and hydronium ion concentration in aqueous systems, pH calculations of weak acids and weak bases. Hydrolysis of salts, Buffers, strengths of acids and bases, dissociation constant, equivalent weights and standard solutions. Theory of acid base indicators, Neutralization curves. Applications of acid-base titration in Pharmacy. 3. Buffer : concept, biological and pharmaceutical application, buffer capacity, buffered isotonic solution. (2) 4. Non-aqueous titrations : Theory, scope and limitations. Acid base equilibria in (3) non-aqueous media. Titrants, solvents and indicators used. Application of non aqueous titration in Pharmacy. 5. Oxidation reduction titrations :- Theory, preparation and standardization of (5) some redox titrants like potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, iodine, sodium thiosulfate, potassium bromide, cerric ammonium sulfate, titanous chloride, sodium 2, 6 dichlorophenol indophenol. Application of redox titration in Pharmacy. (4) 6. Precipitation titrations :- Preparation and standardization of titrants like silver (4) nitrate and ammonium thiocynate. End point determination by Volhard method, Mohrs Method, Fajan method. Titration curve method, Application of precipitation titrations. 7. Complexometric titrations: (6)

Concept of complexation and chelation. Co-ordination number and structure of complexions, stability constants, titration curves, masking and demasking agents, metal ion indicators, factors influencing the stability of complexes, application.

8. Gravimetry :- Principles of gravimetry, Applications, Factors affecting the (5) precipitation, formation and properties of precipitate, colloidal state, impurities in analytical precipitate conditions of precipitation, precipitation from homogenous solution washing and drying the precipitate Drying and ignition of precipitate. Experimental techniques of drying and ignition. 9. Extraction procedures : Liquid solid extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, (4)

separation of mixtures by extractions, distribution law, successive extraction, the Craig method of multiple extraction, continuous counter – current extractions, effect of temperature, pH, Inert solute, association ion pair formation, the emulsion problems in extraction.

41 | P a g e

10. Miscellaneous methods of Analysis (3)

Diazotization titration, Kjeldhal’s nitrogen determination, Karl Fisher titration. Determination of alcohol in Liquid galenicals, oxygen flask combustion method. 11. Electroanalytical techniques :- (4) The electrical cell, electrode potential, half cells, types of half cells, sign convention, Nerst equation, the salt bridge, activity series standard potential, SHE, measuring the relative voltage of half cells, calculation of standard potential, reference electrodes, indicator electrodes.

12. Potentiometry: Theoretical consideration, ion selective electrodes, (3) measurement of potential, redox titration curve, pH measurement, relation of pH to potential, applications to Pharmacy.

42 | P a g e

SECOND YEAR B. PHARM PHARM. ANALYSIS – I (PRACTICALS) Minimum 75 Hrs/Yr.

1. Standardization of 0.1N NaOH using KHP 2. To prepare and standardize 0.1N H2SO4.

3. To determine the percentage purity of Borax 4. To det. percentage purity of ZnO oride 5. To det. acid value of castor oil. 6. To det. Sap value of Castor oil 7. To det iodine value of given oil 8. To det. percentage purity of Lactic acid 9. To determine percentage purity of sodium benzoate 10. To determine aspirin content of given tablet 11. To determine percentage purity of antimony potassium tartarate 12. To determine percentage purity of CuSO4.

13. To determine percentage purity of sodium nitrite 14. To determine percentage purity of Magnesium sulphate 15. To determine percentage purity of Aluminium sulphate 16. To determine percentage purity of phenol 17. To determine percentage purity of Ephedrine HCl 18. To determine percentage purity of Sodium Chloride 19. To determine percentage purity of Calcium Carbonate and calcium gluconate injection 20. To determine percentage purity of Ferrous fumarate 21. To determine content of salicylic acid in compound benzoic acid ointment.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:


1) A.H. Beckett and J.B. Stenlake, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vol I & II.The Athlone Press of the University of London. .

2) K. A. Connors., A text Book of Pharmaceutical Analysis, John Wiley and Sons New York.

3) Stephen & Brewer Solving Problems in analytical chemistry by Stephen and Brewer, John Wiley and Sons, New York.

43 | P a g e

SECOND YEAR B. PHARM ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (THEORY) Minimum 50 Hrs/Yr.

1 .IUPAC nomenclature of heterocyclic ring systems, Synthesis and reactions

of three, four, five and six membered heterocycles. Synthesis of indoles by FI synthesis,

Skraup quinoline synthesis and Bishler-Napirialski synthesis.

(13)

2. Carbonyl Chemistry :

The following reactions will be covered along with their reaction echanisms. (8)

1. W.K. reduction, Huang Minlong modification

2. Reduction of arylsulfonyl hydrazines/ hydrazones to alkane.

3. Bamford Steven reaction

4. DCC oxidtion of alcohol.

5. Reverse aldol reaction

6. Michael addition, retro Micheal reaction

7. Robinson annulation

8. Mannich reaction

9. Stobbe condesation.

10. Darzen’s reaction

11. Beckmann rearragement.

12. Bayer Villeger rearrangement. 13. Methylene transfer reactions.Use of CH2N2 & Sulfurylides in the

same.

14. Formation and use of enol ethers, enamines and enol acetates .

15. Mono and dialkylations in 1,3 dicarbonyl compounds.

3. Pericyclic reactions, sigmatropic rearrangements, electrocyclic reactions (4) including allowed and disallowed, conrotatory and disrotatory cyclisation

2+2 and 4+2 cycloaddition reactions.

4. Molecular rearrangements of electron rich and electron deficient systems. (2) 5. Stereochemistry of acyclic and cyclic compounds. Enantiomerism, (6) diastereomerism, conformational and geometric isomerism. Conformations of cyclohexane. Cis-trans relationship in a cyclic system. Resolution of

racemic mixtures.

6. Synthesis and reactions of bicyclic and tricyclic fused ring systems. (Naphthalene & Anthracene). Nomenclature of bridgehead rang systems. (3) 7. Classification of terpenes, isoprene rule. (2) 8. Classification of carbohydrates, D and L nomenclature of sugars. Structure and chemical reactions of glucose. (5)

44 | P a g e

9. Amino acids, peptides and proteins. Natural amino acids and their (5) classification. Simple chemical reactions of amino acids. Isoelectric point, determination of C-and N-terminal residue of a peptide. 10. Chemical classification, test for identification and general methods of isolation of alkaloids. (2)

RECOMMENDED BOOKS


1. Morrison R. T. and Boyd R. M.., Organic Chemistry, Prentice Hall of India Pvt.

Ltd., New Delhi. 110 001.

2. Hendrickson J. B., Cram D. J. and Hammond G. S., Organic Chemistry,

International Student Edition, Mc.Graw – Hill, Kogakusha Ltd., New Delhi.

3. Eliel E.L., Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds, Tata Mc. Graw Hill

Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.

4. Finar I. L., Organic Chemistry Vol. I & II ,E.L.B.S. Longman Group Ltd.,

London.

5. House, H.O., Modern Synthetic Reactions, W.A.Benjamin,London.

45 | P a g e

SECOND YEAR B. PHARM PHARM. CHEM. II (THEORY)

Minimum 50 Hrs/Yr.

1) Introduction to metabolism of drugs based on their functional groups. (6)

2) The following classes of drugs to be covered in details with respect to their

physico chemical properties, mode of action, structure activity relationship

and synthesis of some compounds.

1. Antibacterial agents:

a) Sulpha drugs :Introduction to sulpha drugs, crystal urea formation, (3)

classification of sulpha drugs sulphoxazole*, sulphathiazol*, sulphadiazine*,

Trimethoprim*

b) Quinolone : History, chemical classification, chemistry of Quinolone, Target (3)

site, selectivity of action, activity, and synthesis ciprofloxacin*

c) Antibiotics : History, classification of antibiotics (12)

a) ß-lactam antibiotics e.g. pencill in and cephalosporin

i) Penicillin:

Detection of antibiotic producing Organisms, Biosythesis, Chemistry, acid and penicillinase degradation of penicillin.Broad spectrum penicillins such as

aminopenicillin e.g. ampicillin, amoxicillin, Hetacillin,

pivampicillin, talampicillin, bacampicillin.

ii) Cephalosporins :

Introduction to cephalosprins, chemistry, classification of cephalosporins, according to their generation. Ist, IInd IIIrd & IVth generation, other

ß lactam antibiotics such as imipenam, aztreonam., ß-lactamase inhibitors

such as clavulanic acid and sulbactam.

[Note* :- S – Synthesis of those drugs to be studied.]

b) Aminoglycoside Antibiotics :

Introduction to aminoglycosides, classification of aminoglycosides,

chemistry, mechanism of action and toxicity.

c) Tetracycline Antibiotics :

Introduction to tetracyclines, chemistry, mechanism of action.

d) Macrolide Antibiotics :

Introduction, chemistry and classification-12 membered, 14 membered,

16- membered and activity.

e) Lincomycin Antibiotics:

Introduction and chemistry, acidic or basic

f) Polypeptide Antiboitics :

Introduction, Chemistry, classification Acidic, basic and neutral.

g) Unclassified Antibiotics :

Chloramphnicol*, vancomycin. mechanism of action & toxicity.

46 | P a g e

2. Antimycobacterial Agents : (6)

Introduction to mycobacteria, Tuberculin Test, reasons for multidrug

therapy, dapson*, PAS, Isoniazid*, Ethionamide*, pyrazinamide*, clofazimine,

ethambutol, Antibiotics such as streptomycin, Kanamycin, capreomycin, viomycin, cycloserin, rifampin, Types of therapy. 3. Antifungal agents : (5) Classification of fungal infection fatty acid, propionic acid, Undecylenic acid, Triacetin, Salicylic acid, Tolnaphthale , Acrisorcin, Haloprogin, phenol and its derivatives, substituted imidazoles such as clotrimazole*, econazole, butaconazole, miconazole, ketoconazole. Antifungal antibiotics such as Amphotericin B, Nystatin. Candicidin D, Natamycin, Griseofulvin, fluconazole*, flucytosin.

4. Antiamoebic agents : (3) Introduction and classification, Diiodohydroxyquine*, Diloxanide furoate*, Paramomycin, metronidazole*, Tinidazole*, Emetine, and dihydroemetine, Arsenical pentamidine, Nifurtimox.

5. Anthelmintic agents : (4) Classification, Tetrachloroethylene, Bithinol, Pyrvinium palmoate, pyrantel

pamoate, piperazine citrate*, Diethyl carbamazine citrate*, chloroquine, Emetine, Imidazole derivatives such as Benzimidazole, mebendazole*, albenadazole*, Thiabendazole*. Niclosamide, oxamniquine, Praziquantal,

Tetramisole, suramin, lucanthone, hycanthone, Antimonial compounds such as antimony potassium tatarate, sodium antimony dimercaptosuccinate, stibofen, metrifonate, Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate.

6. Antimalarial agents : (5)

Introduction, life cycle of malaria parasite, cinchona alkaloids, 4-amino quinolines such as chloroquine* hydroxychloroquine, Amidoquine, sontaquine. Aminoquinoline, pamaquine*, primaquine*, pentaquinee and isopentaquine, 9-aminoacridine , mefloquine, pyrimidine derivatives such as pyrimethamine*, trimethoprim. Biguanide, sulphone, Halofantrine.

7. Antiviral Agents : Introduction, viral replication, types of viral diseases, Interferon inducer-poly 1:C, Poly ICLC, antiviral agents amantadine HCL, acyclovir, vidarabine, xytarabine, zidovudine, Iodoxouridine, Methisazone.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS :


1. Foye W. O., Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, B. I. Waverly Pvt. Ltd.,

2. Wilson C. O., Grisvold. Text Book of Organic, Medicinal and

3. Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Lippin Cott. Co. Philadelphia, Toronto.

47 | P a g e

4. Burger A., Medicinal Chemistry, Part I, II, & III John Wiley & Sons Inc.,

5. New York.

SECOND YEAR B. PHARM PHARMACEUTICS – II (THEORY) Minimum 50 Hrs/Yr.

1) Biphasic dispersed systems : (10) Suspensions, mucilages, mixtures, magmas, emulsions, lotions, liniments, gels and jellies – formulation, methods of preparation, stabilization and evaluation of such systems including theories of emulsification, mechanism, of controlled flocculation, reconstituted suspensions and industrial processing of suspensions and emulsions.

2) Dermatological preparations : (10)

Percutaneous absorption, formulation, methods of preparation, stabilization, manufacture

and packaging of ointments, creams, pasters, plasters, collodions and poultice. Evaluation

of drug release from dermatological preparations.

3) Suppositories : (5) Rectal absorption, formulation and preparation, manufacture and quality control of suppositories, different types of bases, drug release from suppositories.

4) Tablets : (15)

Principles, processes including direct compression, wet and dry granulation, equipment

employed in the preparation and manufacture of granules. Different types of machines used

for compression of tablets, Different types of tablets including chewable, buccal, sublingual,

effervescent, and dispersible tablets. Formulation factors including excipients and

processing. Evaluation and quality control of tablets.

5) Capsules : (10)

Principles, processes and equipment employed in the manufacture and filling of hard

gelatin capsules, manufacture of soft gelatin capsules, Excipients used in formulation of

capsules and quality control testing.

48 | P a g e

SECOND YEAR B. PHARM PHARMACEUTICS – II (PRACTICALS) Minimum 100 Hrs/Yr.

I] MIXTURES : i) Kaolin mixture BPC ii) Paediatric chalk mixture BPC iii) Paediatric Ferric ammonium citrate mixture BPC iv) Magnesium hydroxide mixture BPC v) Magnesium trisilicate mixture BPC II] SUSPENSIONS : i) Trisulfapyrimidine suspension USP ii) Paracetamol Oral Suspension III] MAGMA : i) Bentonite magma BPC IV] GEL : i) Aluminium hydroxide gel USP. V] EMULSIONS: i) Conc. peppermint emulsion BPC ii) Liquid Paraffin emulsion I P iii) Vitamin A & D emulsion iv) Castor oil emulsion VI] LOTIONS: i) Calamine Lotion BPC ii) Copper and zinc sulfate lotion BPC iii) Compound sulfur lotion BPC iv) Resorcinol and sulfur lotion Extra pharmacopoeia. v) White lotion USP vi) Benzyl benzoate lotion USP vii) Oily calamine lotion BPC viii Salicylic acid and Mercuric chloride lotion, BPC.

VII] LINIMENTS: i) Soap liniment BPC ii) Ammoniated camphor liniment iii) Compound methyl salicylate liniment, Extra Pharmacopoeia. iv) Turpentine limiment BPC. v) White liniment BPC. vi) Benzyl benzoate application BPC vii) Compound calamine application BPC. VIII] JELLYS : i) Ephedrine sulphate jelly ii) Sodium CMC jelly iii) Zinc gelatin

49 | P a g e

IX] OINTMENTS: i) Paraffin ointment IP ii) Simple ointment IP iii) Sulphur ointment BPC iv) Emulsifying ointment BPC v) Compound Benzoic acid ointment BPC vi) Hydrophillic ointment vii) Polyethylene glycol ointment USP viii) Nitrofurazone ointment USP ix) Non-staining Iodine ointment BPC X] CREAMS : i) Aqueous cream (hydrous emulsifying ointment) ii) Oily cream iii) Cetrimide Cream BPC iv) Proflavin Cream BPC

XI] PASTES: i) Titanium dioxide paste BPC ii) Mangnesium sulphate paste BPC iii) Zinc and salicylic acid paste BPC XII] POULTICES i) Kaolin poultice BPC. XIII] SUPPOSITORIES: i) Monograph of Suppositories ii) Polyethylene glycol suppositories USP iii) Soap glycerine Suppositories USP iv) Glycerol suppositories BP v) Compound bismuth subgallate suppositories. vi) Zinc oxide suppositories. XIV] TABLETS : i) Monograph of tablets ii) Preparation and evaluation of granules and / or tablets of the following. a) Paracetamol tablets I P b Paediatric aspirin tablets BPC c) Calcium carbonate tablets BPC d) Compound ferrous sulphate tablets e) Riboflavin tablets

XV] CAPSULES : i) Demonstration of capsule filling machine. ii) Preparation of capsules of one model drug.

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RECOMMENDED BOOKS :


1. Ansel; ‘Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms’, and drug delivery systems’,

B.I.Waverly Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 6th Ed, (1999).

2. L. Lachman, H.A. Liberman and J.L. Kanig; ‘Theory and Practice of Industrial

Pharmacy’, Varghese Publishing House, Bombay, 2nd Ed., (1987).

3. Osol, ed. ‘Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences’, Vol. I & II, Mach Publishing

Company, Easton, Perisylvania.

4. A.N. Martin et. a, ‘Physical Pharmacy’, B. I. Waverly Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 4th Ed.

(1993).

5. Miceel E. Aulton, ‘Pharmaceutics : The science of Dosage Form Design’, 2nd ed.,

Churchill Livingstone, New York,

6. Rawlin, ‘Bentley’s Text book of Pharmaceutics’, 8th Ed., Bailliere and Tindall and

ELBS, New York, (1979).

7. S. J. Carter, ed., ‘Cooper and Gunn’s Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students’,

CBS Publishers & distributors, Delhi (1987).

8. Lachman et. a., ‘Pharmaceutical Dosage forms : Tablets : vol. 1-3, Marcel Dekker

Inc. New York (1990).

9. Banker & Rhodes., ‘Modern Pharmaceutics’ 3rd Ed., Marcel Dekker Inc., New York,.

(1996).

10. IP 1996, BP 2003, USP & NF 2005, Matindale extra Pharmacopoeia 29th Ed.The

Pharmaceutical Press London (Current editions).

51 | P a g e

SECOND YEAR B. PHARM PHYSICAL PHARMACY (THEORY) Minimum 50 Hrs/Yr.

Thermodynamics : Second and third law of thermodynamics, entropy, free (4)

energy functions and applications, maximum net work, criteria for equilibrium,

Classius-clapeyron equation, Vant Hoff equation.

Colloids: Colloidal state, type & applications of colloids, optical, kinetic (8)

and electrical properties, preparation and stability, sensitization and protective

action. Gels and syneresis, Kraft point and cloud point.

Surfactants: Surface tension & interfacial tension: concept, measurement (8)

and applications; characteristics of surface active agents, HLB system, micellization,

wetting and spreading agents, foaming and antifoaming agents, solubilizing

agents, detergents, adsorption on solid or liquid surfaces, adsorption isotherms.

Micromeritics : Particle size measurement, size distribution, statistical (7) diameters; microscopy, sieving and sedimentation methods of particle size determination, particle number, particle shape, surface area and volume, porosity, packaging arrangements, densities of particles, bulkiness, flow properties and cohesiveness, compaction of powders. Rheology : Types of flow, measurement of rheological characteristics, effect (7) of temperature, phase volume ratio on viscosity of dispersion, thixotropy and its measurement, antithixotropy, bulges and spurs, rheology of semisolids, application of rheology in pharmacy. Crystalline state : Structure of crystalline solids, X-ray diffraction, melting (6) point and heat of fusion melting point and intermolecular forces, polymorphism, dilatometric analysis. Differential Scanning Calorimetry DSC), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). Chemical equilibria and kinetics : Law of mass action, effect of temperature (10) and pressure on equilibrium rates, order of reaction : zero, first and second order reactions. Determination of order of reaction. Comparison of zero, first and second order reactions. Complex reactions catalysis, biological half life. Decomposition of medicinal agents and protection from degradation: hydrolysis, oxidation and reduction. Accelerated stability testing:

Introduction to kinetics of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination.

52 | P a g e

SECOND YEAR B. PHARM PHYSICAL PHARMACY - (PRACTICALS) Minimum 100 Hrs/Yr.

Experiments based on the topics covered in theory.

They should include (but not restrict to) the followings:

1. Preparation and stability of colloids. Effect of electrolytes on stability of

colloids.

2. Determination of surface tension by drop number method

3. Determination of viscosity using Ostwald’s viscometer.

4. Determination of critical Micelle concentration [cmc] using S.T. Method.

5. Determination of cloud point, effect of electrolyte concentration on cloud point.

6. Determination of particle size by microscopy sieving, sedimentation.

7. Angle of repose : Effect of granule size, fine, gladiants, glidant concentration.

8. Study of sedimentation : Behaviour of suspensions, flcoulated v/s defloculated

suspensions, effect of different concentrations of flocculating agents,

e.g. electrolytes and surfactants.

9. Order of reaction : First order, pseudofirst order and second order reactions.

10. Determination of critical HLB of emulsion by phase inversion method.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS: Latest editions of the following books.

1) Martin, A. N., ‘Physical Pharmacy’, B. I. Waverley, IVth ed, New Delhi, 1994 2) Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, ed. osol. (Mack), Easton, Penn, 1995. 3) Lachman, L., Liberman, H. A., and Kanig, J. L., ‘The theory and Practice of

Industrial Pharmacy’, IInd ed, Varghese Publishing House, Mumbai, 1987

53 | P a g e

THIRD YEAR B. PHARM PHARMACEUTICAL JURISPRUDENCE (THEORY) Minimum 50 Hrs./Yr

1. Legislation to regulate profession of Pharmacy. The Pharmacy Act. 1948 (5)

2. Legislation to regulate the import, manufacture, distribution and sale of drugs.

Drugs and Cosmetics Act. 1950 and Rules 1945 and amendments there of.(15)

3. Legislations to control the advertisements, excise-duty and prices of drugs. (5)

a) The Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act 1954.

b) Medicinal & Toilet Preparations Excise Duty Act. 1955.

c) Drug Prices and Control Order 1979.

4. Legislations to control the operations relating to Dangerous Drugs. (6)

a) Dangerous Drugs Act 1930.

b) Poisons Act 1919

c) Opium Act 1978.

5. Legislations affecting pharmaceutical & food industry. (4)

a) Industries (Development & Regulations) Act. 1951.

b) Prevention of Food Adulteration Act 1954.

c) Shops Establishment Act of Maharashtra State

6. Miscellaneous Acts (5)

a) Consumer Protection Act.

b) Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act.

c) Insecticides Act.

d) Code of Pharmaceutical Ethics framed by Pharmacy Council of India.

7. Introduction to various drug regulatory authorities vis., FDA, WHO, ISO. (5)

8. Introduction to Indian Patent Regulations, WTO and FDA, Drug Import Export

Policy. (5)

54 | P a g e

RECOMMENED BOOKS :


1) Mithal B.M. ‘Text Book of Forensic Pharmacy’, 7th ed, National Book

Centure, Calculta, 1985.

2) Jain N.K., ‘A Text Book of Forensic Pharmacy (Pharmaceutical

Jurisprudence)’, Vallabh Prakashan, Pune, 1989.

3) Kuchekar B.S. & Khandatare A.M., Forensic Pharmacy including

Industrial and Labour Laws. Nirali Publication, Pune, 1989.

4) ‘Code of Pharmaceutical Ethics’, Pharmacy Council of India (P. B. No.

337), New Delhi Year.

5) Current Government of India Publications of all Drugs Acts and Rules.

6) Bharti, ‘Manual of Drugs and Pharmacy Laws in India’, Paramount Law

Publications Year 1987.

7) Mehta, “Hand book of Drug Laws”, University Book Agency, Allahabad.

8) “Laws of Drugs and Medicines”, Beotr Law Book Co. Allahabad.

55 | P a g e

THIRD YEAR B. PHARM PHARMACOGNOSY-II (THEORY) Minimum 50 Hrs/Yr.

1. Nature, occurrence, chemistry, biognesis, extraction, and isolation of the classes of

chemical constitutents mentioned in (2) to (7). The systematic study including biological

source, geographical source, morphology, histology, cultivation, collection and preparation,

active constituents, chemical tests, substitutes and adulterants, therapeutic uses etc.of the

drugs underlined in (2) to (7).

2. Alkaloids: Areca nuts, aconite roots, cinchona bark, stramonium herb (17)

hyoscymus herb, belladonna herb, datura herb, coca leaves, tobacco leaves, lobelia herb,

pepper fruits, ephedra stems, opium, ipecac roots, colchicum corms, ergot, calabar beans,

nux-vomica seeds, rauwolfia roots, jaborandi leaves, veratrum roots, kurchi bark, vinca

leaves, withania roots, punarnava roots, pilocarpus leaves, shankhapushpi.

3. Volatile oils: terpentine oil, mentha oil, peppermint oil, cinnamon bark, (18)

cassia bark, umbelliferous fruits – fennel, coriander, Indian dill, European dill, anise,

caraway, cumin, orange & lemon peels, camphor, jatamansi roots, banafsa leaves, buchu

leaves, clove buds, cardamom fruits, ocimum leaves, valerian roots, garlic bulbs, sassurea

roots, nutmeg seeds, mace of nutmeg, acorus roots, eucalyptus leaves, musk,

chenopodium oil, saffron.

4. Miscellaneous: Pyrethrum flowers, mylabris, cantharides (2) 5. Enzymes: Their classification; Detailed study of papain, malt extract, pepsin, (3) bromelain, trypsin, chymotrypsin & other pharmaceutically useful enzymes & their applications. 6. Commercial fibres of vegetable, animal, mineral & synthetic origin : Cotton, (3) hemp, jute, flax, silk, wool, regenerated fibres-rayon, acetate rayon, nylon, orlon, terylene, polythene, asbestos, glass wool. 7. Plant growth regulators : Auxins, gibberellines, cytokinins, abscisic acid & (3)

others. Applications of plant harmones.

8. Introduction to Ayurvedic Pharmacy: Brief account of basic principles of ayurveda. Drugs

& dosage forms of ayurvedic medicines. Some aspects of standardization of

ayurvedic formulations. (4)

56 | P a g e

THIRD YEAR B. PHARM PHARMACOGNOSY-II – (PRACTICALS) Minimum 50 Hrs/Yr.

Practicals will be based upon the theory mentioned in the syllabus. 1. Study of detailed histology including powder characteristics of Nux-vomica, Rauwolfia, Cinchona, Kurchi, Vasaka, Datura. 2. Study of detailed histology including powder characteristics of Fennel, Coriander, Clove, Cardammom, Eucalyptus, Ginger. 3. Identification of adulterants in powdered crude drugs by microscopy. 4. Identification of fibres by microchemical tests. 5. Gross morphological identification of drugs mentioned in theory. 6. Extraction of alkaloids and volatile oils. 7. Study of the components of alkaloids &volatile oils by TLC.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS :


1) Trease and Evans, Pharmacognosy, 15th edition, W.B. Sounders Co. Ltd. 2) Wallis T.E., Textbook of Pharmacognosy , CBS Publishers & Distributors. 3) Shah C.S., and Quadri J.S., Textbook of Pharmacognosy, B.S. Shah Prakashan, Ahmedabad. 4) Brady L.R., Tyler V.E., Robbers J.E., Pharmacognosy, K.M. Varghese Company. 5) Kokate C.K., Purohit A.P.,Gokhale S.B., Textbook of Pharmacognosy, Nirali Prakashan, Pune. 6) Turner T. D. & Brain K.R., Practical Evaluation of Phytopharmaceuticals Wright- scientechnica, Bristol, 1975. 7) Kokate C.K., Practical Pharmacognosy, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi. 8) Khandelwal K. R, Practical Pharmacognosy, Nirali Prakashan, Pune. 9) Ayurvedic formulary of India, Part I & II, Government of India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. 10) Wagner H., Bladt.S., and Zganiski E.M., Plant Drug Analysis. - A TLC Atlas translated by A.Scott., Springer Verlag, Berlin, Hedelberg, N.Y. Tokyo.

57 | P a g e

THIRD YEAR B. PHARM CLINICAL PHARMACY & DRUG INTERACTIONS (THEORY) Minimum 25 Hrs/Yr.

1. Objective and scope of clinical pharmacy, present status. Clinical pharmacy practice opportunities in hospital and community pharmacy practice. (1)

2. Role of pharmacist in patient care in hospitals from time of admission to discharge and follow up, pharmacist conducted patient interviews and presentation of medication history. Patient drug profiles. Discharge interviews. Patient counseling and assessment of compliance (4)

3. Long term care facilities, care of neonates, pediatric, geriatric patients. (1) 4. Monitoring the patients in health and illness. Monitoring of patients with chronic diseases. Therapeutic drug monitoring, using clinical pharmacokinetics for dosage individualization. (2) 5. Adverse drug reactions, Factors predisposing ADR’s, different manifestations, detection and reporting. (2) 6. Drug Interactions, mechanisms, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions, examples, interactions of drugs with food, alcohol, tobacco and during

pregnancy. Clinical significance and evaluation. (5) 7. Drug interference with diagnostic tests, physical, clinical and biological, significance of selected pathological tests. (3)

8. Intravenous admixtures, preparation and administration. Incompatibilities in I.V. admixtures, total parenteral nutrition. (1)

9. Drug Information Services and Centres, activities, elements of drug literature utilization, selection, evaluation and communication, abstracting services, computer applications. ‘ (2) 10. Investigational drugs and clinical research, phases, pharmacist’s role in clinical trials, statistical methods of interpretation, legal and ethical considerations (2) 11. Prevention of Drug abuse and Drug Toxicity. (1) 12. Essential Drugs & Rational Drug use. (1)

58 | P a g e

RECOMMENED BOOKS:


1. Blissit C. W., Webb L, Stanaszek W.F. (Editors) Clinical Pharmacy Practice., Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1972.

2. Hamilton, Preceptives in Clinical Pharmacy Ed. (Whitney), Drug Intelligence

Publications.

3. Kabat Hugh, and Lea Febriger, Clinical Pharmacy Handbook.

4. Lawson & Richards, Clinical Pharmacy & Hospital Drug Management by

Chapman & Halls Publication, 1982.

5. E.V. Klejiin & Jonders J. R., ‘Clinical Pharmacy’, Elsevier / North Holland

Biomedical Press New York 1977.

6. Herfindal E. T. Hirschman J. L.. ‘Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics’

The Williams and Willkins Company Baltimore 1977.

7. ‘Hanstens’ Text book of Drug interactions, Clinical significance of Drug-

Drug interaction, 5th edition Philadeiphia Lea Febiger 1985.

8. Dr. Tipnis, H. P., Bajaj A. N. ‘Clinical Pharmacy’ Career Publications, India

2003.

59 | P a g e

THIRD YEAR B. PHARM PHARMACOLOGY-I (THEORY) Minimum 50 Hrs./Yr

1. The need for Therapeutic Intervention (3)

A) Therapeutic modalities : i) Surgery, ii) Radiation, iii) Genetic

iv) Immunological v) Pharmacological

B) Pharmacotherapy : i) Therapeutic goals, ii) Rational design

iii) Use of drugs

2. Descriptive Pharmacokinetics:

A) Absorption/ Administration: (15)

a) Alimentary canal:

i) Enteral, ii) Oral mucosa: sublingual, buccal, iii) rectal mucosa

b) Injection (parenteral)

c) Pulmonary

d) Integumentary: i) Topical, ii) Transdermal iii) Intraocular

e) Other routes of administration

f) Merits and demerits of various routes

g) Mechanism of absorption into vascular or lymphatic system

B) Distribution :

a) Factors influencing drug distribution.

b) Volume of distribution.

c) Binding of drugs to plasma proteins.

d) Selective accumulation of drugs.

e) Physiological barriers to drug distribution viz, blood brain barrier,

blood CSF barrier, and placental barrier.

C) Biotransformation of drugs :

a) Pathways of drug metabolism.

b) Inhibition and induction of drug metabolism.

c) Factors affecting drug metabolism.

D) Excretion of drugs :

a) Renal, fecal, biliary and pulmonary excretion of drugs. b) Excretion through other body fluids.

3. Pharmacodynamics:

60 | P a g e

a) Quantitative aspects of drug action and receptors.

b) Enzyme selectivity.

c) Quantitative aspects of drug action.

d) Drug response, potency, therapeutic efficacy and tolerance

Factors modifying the effects of the drug :

a) Age

b) Pharmacogenetics,

c) Drug resistance,

d) Drug allergy,

e) Drug tolerance

4. Autocoids :

a) Histamine and histamine antagonist (6)

b) Serotonin and serotonin antagonist

c) Kinins, and angiotensin

d) Lipid derived autocoids: Prostaglandins, leukotrienes

and platelet activating factor.

5. Anti-inflammatory drugs : NSAID drugs used in the treatment of musculo

skeletal disorders: rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and gout.

6. Drugs used for Cough and Asthma (4)

7. Drugs acting on Endocrine systems (6)

Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones,

Thyroid and antithyroid drugs

Adrenocorticosteroids and adrenocortical antagonist

Gonadal hormone and inhibitors,

Pancreatic hormones

Antidiabetic drugs

Parathyroid hormones

8. Drugs used in Gastrointestinal system (2)

Hyperacidity and peptic ulcer.

Emetics, antiemetics, laxatives and antidiarrhoeals

Drugs for inflammatory bowel diseases.

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THIRD YEAR B. PHARM PHARMACOLOGY-I (PRACTICALS) Minimum 50 Hrs./Yr

1) Effect of Acetylcholine on frog rectus abdominus muscle preparation

2) Dose response curve of acetylcholine using frog rectus abdominus muscle.

3) Dose response curve of histamine using guinea pig ileum

4) Effect of acetylcholine on rat intestine

5) Competitive antagonism between acetylcholine and atropine on rat ileum

6) Competitive antagonism between histamine and diphenhydramine on guinea pig

ileum

7) Effect of Phytostigmine on acetylcholine induced responses using rectus abdominus

muscle of frog

8) Effect of adrenaline and acetylcholine on frog heart preparation.

9) Effect of atropine on acetylcholine and potassium induced responses using perfused frog

heart

10) Effect of adrenergic and cholinergic drugs on mean blood pressure, heart rate,

respiratory rate of dog.

11) Effect of myotics and mydriatics on rabbit’s eye 12) Demonstration of routes of administration

62 | P a g e

THIRD YEAR B. PHARM PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS - II (THEORY)

Minimum 50 Hrs/Yr.

1) General Principles of Spectroscopy: (2)

Wave-particle duality, wave properties, particulate properties, line spectrum, band spectrum, absorption spectroscopy, emission spectroscopy, electromagnetic spectrum, meaning of various terms like absorbance,

transmittance, absorptivity, molar absorptivity, E1cm1% and max, effect of

solvents and pH on max.

2) Ultraviolet – Visible Spectroscopy: (6)

Beer-Lambert’s law, its derivation, deviations in Beer’s law, various electronic

transitions, auxochromes, auxochromic effect, bathochromic and hypsochromic

shifts. Instrumentation with sources, monochromators-prisms and gratings, filters- absorption and interference, detectors-Barrier cell, photocell,

photomultiplier tube, refractive index detector, single and double beam UV

spectrometers. Applications of UV spectroscopy. Problems based on Beer

Lambert’s law, transmittance, absorbance etc.

3) Infrared Spectroscopy: (5) Principle, stretching and bending vibrations, instrumentation, sample

preparation techniques, applications, various regions in IR spectrum and their

use for characterization of functional groups. Problems based on functional

group characterization and structure elucidation based on wave numbers.

4) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy : (5)

Principle, nuclear spin and spin quantum numbers, magnetogyric constant,

radio-frequency. Flipping of the nucleus, chemical shifts, Standards used in NMR spectroscopy-TMS, magnetic shielding, shielding constant. Fine structure of NMR spectrum-multiplicity of peaks, coupling constant, relaxation processes, solvents used, instrumentation, saturation and ringing

effect. Applications.

5) Spectrofluorimetry : (6)

Principle, definition and types of luminescence. Resonance fluorescence and

Stokes’ effect. Mechanism of fluorescence and phosphorescence, singlet and triplet states, quenching of fluorescence, factors affecting fluorescence, structure of a molecule and fluorescence, instrumentation and applications.

6. Flame Photometry / Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy : (4) Principle, flame absorption, emission and fluorescence spectroscopy. Fuels and oxidants, detail explanation of transitions involved in flame spectroscopy

of Na metal, Mg+1 ion and A1+2 ion. Explanation of singlet, doublet and

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triplet states. Temperature profiles, flame absorption and flame emission profiles. Atomizers and burners, flame and non-flame atomizers. Applications.

7. Polarography : (5)

Principle, instrumentation - dropping mercury electrode. saturated calomel

electrode, liquid - liquid junction potential, polarographic cell, explanation of

origin of S-shaped C-V curve. Ilkovic equation (no derivation) – importance of factors in

it. Applications. Amperometric titrations- principle, different types,

instrumentation and applications.

8. Mass Spectroscopy : (4)

Principle, instrumentation - Single and double focusing mass spectrometers.

Magnetic field deflection, electric field deflection, Time of flight, m/z ratio

and its derivation, fragmentations, rearrangements and applications.

9. Nephelometry and Turbidimetry : (3)

Principle, Tyndall effect, Dubosque turbidimeter and Eeel’s nephelometer.

Applications.

10.Chromatography: (10) Principle, linear elution chromatography, different kinds of chromatographic techniques.

Theories of chromatography - plate and rate theory. Optimization of column parameters - column efficiency, selectivity factor & capacity factor. Van Deemter equation (No derivation) and factors responsible for bandbroadening. Methodology and applications of adsorption, partition, ion-exchange and gel chromatography.

HPLC -Principle, instrumentation, qualitative and quantitative estimation,

normalization technique, internal and external standards, applications.

TLC - Principle, various ways of development of a plate using mobile phase,

locating compounds using various methods, identification of compounds on plates from Rf va lues and other methods, applications.

Paper Chromatography - Principle, methodology and applications.

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THIRD YEAR B. PHARM PHARM. ANALYSIS - II (PRACTICALS) Minimum 100 Hrs/Yr.

1) Experiments based on U.V. spectroscopy, 5-7 different types of formulations

such as tablets, injections, capsules, suspensions, gels etc.

2) Iodometric titrations :

Resorcinol, Methyl paraben, Isoniazid (tablets).

3) Iodi metry :

Analgin (tablets), ascorbic acid (powder and tablets)

4) EDTA titrations :

Milk of Magnesia, Aluminium hydroxide (gel and tablets),

Calcium gluconate (injection), Mercuric chloride.

5) Acid-base titrations : Milk of magnesia, Borax and boric acid mixture, Borax and Na2C03 mixture,

orthophosphoric acid.

6) Chromatography – Determination of ion-exchange capacity of resins.

7) Iodate titrations:

Ascorbic acid (powder), weak iodine solution

8) Argentimetry:

Thiourea, Sodium chloride, Ammonium chloride.

9) Cerimetry:

Paracetamol (Tablets), Ferrous gluconate (injection, tablets).

10)Permanganate titrations:

Hydrogen peroxide (solution), Calcium gluconate (tablets/ injection).

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1) Beckett, A. H. and Stenlake J. B., Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry,

Part I & II , Athlone Press, London.

2) K. A. Conners, A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis, John Wiley & Sons,

New York, U.S.A.

3) Skoog, Holler, Niemen, Eds, Principles of Instrumental Analysis,

Harcourt Publishers, U. S. A.

4) Vogel, A I. Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Longman Group, London.

5) John R. yer, Applications of Absorption Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds,

Englewood, U.S.A.

6) Silverstein, R. M., Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, U.S.A.

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THIRD YEAR B. PHARM DISPENSING AND HOSPITAL PHARMACY (THEORY) Minimum 50 Hrs./Yr

Part - I : Dispensing Pharmacy :

1. Pharmaceutical Arithmatic : Different systems of weights and measures, calculation of

doses, percentage solutions, allegations, proof strengths, dilution and

concentration of solutions, solids and alcohol. (4)

2. Principles of dispensing and prescription handling, prescriptions, description,

various parts of a prescription, prescription refills, prescription pricing. (4)

3. Posology : Factors affecting dosage, pediatric doses, calculation of doses for

renally impaired patients. (2)

4. Powders : Importance, simple powders, methods of weighing, wrapping, packaging of powders containing volatile, hygroscopic, vegetable extracts, potent substances, liquids, liquefying substances, saline substances and explosive mixtures. Compound powders, bulk, powders, Effervescent powders and granules. Tablet triturates (3)

5. Mixtures:Definitions, importance, classification, vehicles, dispensing of (2) mixtures.

6. Incompatibility: Definition, various types, chemical, physical or

therapeutic.Intentional and unintentional, tolerated and adjusted

incompatibil ity. (4)

i) Inorganic incompatibilities including those of metals and their salts, non

metals, acids, alkalies.

ii) Organic incompatibilit ies including acids, alkaloids, barbiturates, tannins,

quaternary ammonium compounds, correction of incompatibilit ies.

7. Pills : Definition, advantages, disadvantages essential requirements of a good

pill. Preparation, excipients and coating. Pills containing small doses of oxidizing

substances, oily substances, extracts and water soluble drugs. (2)

8. Pastil les : Bases and Moulds. (1)

9. Lozenges : Base and apparatus for preparation. (1)

10.ENT Preparation :Ear drops, nasal drops, mouth washes, gargles, throat paints

and pigments. (2)

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Part – II : Hospital Pharmacy:

1. Definition, development and responsibility of the hospital pharmacy department. (2)

2. Organization and administration of Hospitals, Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee :

Personnel, Location of the Pharmacy unit in relation to other hospital departments, space

and physical plant requirements in relation to the size of hospital. (3)

3. Purchase and supply : Inventory control, policy and procedure of purchase of drugs,

storage of drugs. (2)

4. Manufacturing in hospital pharmacy : Bulk compounding and pre-packaging. (2)

5. Drug distribution systems in the hospitals : Floor stock systems, inpatient and

outpatientdispensing and control procedures, dispensing of ancillary supplies, controlled

substances; emergency Drug Cabinet. (3)

6. Hospital Formulary, Pharmacy Procedural Manual and its preparation.

(2)

7. Central supply service department : Its location plan and activities. (2)

8. Sterilization and quality control testing of surgical dressings, instruments, syringes and

needles, rubber gloves and catheters, tubings, utensils, mattresses and other surgical

products. (6)

9. Infection control in hospitals : Nosocomial infections. (1)

10. Safe use of medications in the hospital, medication errors and safety practices. (2)

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THIRD YEAR B. PHARM -DISPENSING AND HOSPITAL PHARMACY (PRACTICALS) Minimum 75 Hrs./Yr

Part I : Dispensing Pharmacy : (i) Latin terms and abbreviations (ii) Different types of mixtures including the following. Simple mixtures Mixtures containing diffusible solids, Indiffusible solids Precipitate forming substances, Effervescent mixtures Slightly soluble substances.

(ii i) Emulsions containing different proportions of oil, water and gums. Emulsions containing insoluble substances.

(iv) Powders : Simple powders, Powders Containing Volatile, hygroscopic substances, Vegetable extracts, Potent substances, Liquefying

substances, Effervescent powders, Compound powders, Bulk powders (v) Tablet triturates and displacement value calculation. (vi) Pills : Copper Sulphate & Phenolphthalein (vii) Lozenges : Bismuth carbonate, Glycyrrhizin (viii) Pastilles : Menthol, Ammonium Chloride (ix) Miscellaneous Preparations : Insufflations Inhalation Mouthwash Gargles (x) Incompatibilit ies in mixtures, correction thereof and mixtures containing

incompatibility related to acids, alkaloids, tannins, quaternary ammonium compounds.

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Part II : Hospital Pharmacy 1) Bulk Compounding i) Sodium, Salicylate mixture- KEM Hospital formulary. ii) Outpatient Electrolyte Pediatric Mixture (Extra Pharmacopoeia) iii) Oral Dehydration Solution – WHO 1) Preparation and monographic evaluation of pediatric chalk mixture BPC. 2) Monographic evaluation of i) Absorbent Cotton Wool ( I P)

ii) Absorbent Cotton Gauze (BP)

3) Preparation of surgical supplies like eyepads, Eyeswabsticks, cottonbuds, Eye swabs, Gamgee pads, theatre gauze, roller gauze ward gauze, etc. 4) Steril ization & sterility testing of hospital supplies like i) Surgical instruments ii) Syringes and needles, iii) Absorbent cotton and gauze iv) Rubber tubings 5) Preparation of anticoagulant solution (I P) 6) Preparation of anticoagulant bulb (KEM Hospital formulary) 7) Preparation of dialysis solutions : i) Intraperitoneal Dialysis Solution (I P) ii) Haemodialysis Solution (B P) 8) Preparation of transfusion fluids and electrolyte replenisher solutions, Calculations of milliequivalent concentrations of salts and conversion into

percentage concentration. 10) Miscellaneous preparations commonly used in Hospital Pharmacy such as i) Lubricating jelly, ii) Starch enema, iii) Neurological solution 11)Demonstration of IV admixture incompatibility in parenteral fluids like diazepam injection

and Dextrose saline solution. 12) Patient case presentation 13) Computer applications in Hospital Pharmacy 14) Hospital visits.

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RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

Latest edition of the following books. 1. Cooper & Gunn’s ‘Dispensing for Pharmaceutical students’ Ed. Cartr,Pitman

Medical, CBS Publishers, 12th edition, 1975.

2. ‘Husa’s Pharmaceutical Dispensing’ Ed. Martin (Mac Publication.)

3. Sprowl “Prescription Pharmacy”., J. B. Lippincott. 2nd edition 1970.

4. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences-20th edition Year 2000. Martin (Mac

Publication)

5. W. F. Hassan, ‘Hospital Pharmacy’, 5th edition 1986, Lea & Febiger Publications.

6. M C Allwood & J. T .Fell Blackwell “Textbook of Hospital Pharmacy” Scientific

Publications Oxford London 1980.

7. J. J. Perkins “Principles and Methods of Sterilization in Health Sciences, Charles

Thomas publication.

8. Kenneth & Michael J. Aberson ‘Sterile preparations for the hospital pharmacists

and procedures ‘ANN’ Arbor science publisher.

9. Tipnis, H. P., Bajaj A. N. ‘Hospital Pharmacy’, Career Publications, Nashik, India,

2007.

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THIRD YEAR B. PHARM PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-III (THEORY) Minimum 50 hrs/Yr.

Study of the following classes of drugs with respect to classification, physico-chemical properties, mode of action, structure activity relationship and synthesis of few important drugs :

1) Sedatives and hypnotics : Amobarbital, pentobarbital, phenobarbital,

gluthetimide, trichloroethanol, chloral hydrate, oxazepam. (5)

2) Psychotropic drugs: Neuroleptics, anti-anxiety agents. Diazepam,

1-4-benzodiazepine-4-oxides, chlorpromazine, haloperidol. (7)

3) Antiepileptic agents. Mephenytoin, phensuximide, phenytoin, hydantoins,

succinimides. (6)

4) Hypoglycemic agents : (or Antidiabetic agents) Chlorpropamide,

Metformin HCl, tobutamide, Glyburide. (3)

5) Thyroid and Antithyroid agents Biosynthesis of thyroid hormones. (4)

6) Antiallergic agents (or Antihistaminic agents) Chlorpheniramire,

diphenhydramine, mepyramine, promethazine. (6)

7) Antiulcer agents : Ranitidine, Cimetidine (2)

8) Diuretics : (4)

Chlorthiazide, hydrochlorthiazide, acetazolamide, furosemide, chlorthalidone, Ethacrynic

acid.

9) Anticancer Agents : Carboplatin, Cisplatin. (4)

10) Corticosteroids and anti inflammatory steroids (2)

11) Sex steroids, anabolic steroids and their antagonists, testosterone,

estradiol, estrone, progesterone. (4)

12) Oral contraceptives : DES, Hexestrol (3)

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THIRD YEAR B. PHARM PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-III (PRACTICALS) Minimum 100 hrs/Yr.

I] Recrystallization of Organic Compounds

II] Organic separation and analysis of mixtures containing two organic

compounds. (10-12 mixture s)

Some of the following combinations will be analysed.

A) Strong acid + neutral

Strong base + neutral

Strong acid + weak acid

Weak acid + base

Weak acid + neutral

B) Solid + Solid

Solid + Liquid

Liquid + Liquid

Watersoluble solids

Eutectic mixtures

III] Synthesis of some of the following compounds : (at least 6)

i) 2-napthyl benzoate

ii) Cyclohexanone from cyclohexanol

iii) 1-Phenyl-2-azonaphthol

iv) Methyl salicylate

v) Aspirin

vi) S-Methyl thiourea

vii) Vitronaphthalene

viii) Benzoic acid RECOMMENDED BOOKS :


1) Foye, W.O. Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, K. E. Varghese and Company,

Mumbai-31, Fourth Edition, 1999.

2) Wilson, C. Gisvold, O., and Doerge, J. B., Textbook of Organic Medicinal and

Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J. B. Lippincot Company, Toronto, Tenth Edition.

3) Burger, A. B. Medicinal Chemistry Part I, II and III , John Wiley & Sons. Inc.

New York.

4) Medicinal Chemistry by Ashutosh Kar.

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THIRD YEAR B. PHARM PHARMACEUTICS-III (THEORY) Minimum 50 hrs/Yr.

1) Parenteral Products: Product Development, formulation factors, vehicles and additives, adjustment of isotonicity, containers and closures, production facilities, aseptic processing, environmental controls, air handling systems, sterilization processes,equipment employed and quality control. (16)

2) Ophthalmic Products : Ocular absorption, eye drops, lotions, and ointments, formulation,

additives and vehicles thereof Production, packaging and qualitycontrol, contact lens solutions. (5)

3) Blood Products : Historical background, collection and storage of blood, wholehuman

blood, fractionation of plasma and monographs of different plasma fractions, Fibrinogen, Thrombin, Albumin, Concentrate of factor VIII and IX Quality control of blood products

and anticoagulant solutions. Plasma Volume Expanders, Dextran, Large scale processing of Dextran. (5) 4) Surgical Dressings, Fibres and Fabrics , Plasters, Sutures and Ligatures of different types.

Preparation and Quality control testing. (5)

5) Coating of solid dosage forms: Principles, processes and equipment involved in the coating of granules, tablets and capsules with sugar, film formers and enteric materials. Aqueous film coating and quality control of coated dosage forms (5)

6) Radiopharmaceuticals : Radioisotope Generators, formulation, application, andling and

quality control. (4)

7) Packaging of Pharmaceutical Products: Containers and Closures, requirements and quality control of packaging materials used in pharmaceutical packaging including glass, plastics, paper, paperboard, metals, and ancillary materials, Labels & Labeling. Product package compatibility. Introduction to machines used in packaging, strip, blister and FFS packaging. (10)

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THIRD YEAR B. PHARM PHARMACEUTICS-III (PRACTICALS) Minimum 100 hrs/Yr.

A] INJECTIONS :

1) Monograph on injections.

2) Filling & sealing of ampoules.

3) Large Volume Parenterals

4) Sodium Chloride injection.

5) Dextrose injection.

6) Compound sodium lactate injection.

Small volume parenterals

7) Adrenaline tartarate injection.

8) Emetine injection.

9) Calcium gluconate injection.

10)Ascorbic acid injection.

11)Morphine Injection.

12)Digoxin injection

13)Riboflavine injection.

14)Ethanolamine oleate injection

15)Trisodium edetate injection . B] Aseptic processing of Parenterals 16)Tetracyline injection.

17)Thiamine injection.

18)Cortisone acetate injection. Oily Injections 19)Test for oily vehicles.

20)Oily phenol injection.

21)Calciferol injection.

22)Deoxycortisone acetate injection. DISSOLUTION TEST FOR TABLETS:

23)Dissolution test for ibuprofen tablet.

24)Dissolution test for tolbutamide tablet.

C) FILM COATING OF TABLETS :

25)Coating of tablets using enteric polymers.

26 Coating of tablets using non-enteric polymers. 27) Disintegration test of enteric coated tablets.

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D) OPTHALMIC PREPARATIONS : Eye drops.

28) Chloramphenicol eye drops.

29) Atropine sulphate eye drops.

30) Hypromellose eye drops.

31) Pilocarpine hydrocloride eye drops.

32) Prednisolone eye drops.

33) Homatropine eye drops.

34) Zinc sulphate & adrenaline eye drops.

35) Sulphacetamide eye drops.

36) Physostigmine eye drops.

37) Phenylephrine eye drops.

Ophthalmic Suspensions

38) Dexamethasone ophthalmic suspension

39) Tetracycline ophthalmic suspension.

40) Hydrocortisone acetate and Neomycin sulphate ophthalmic suspension.

Eye Ointment

1) Atropine Sulphate eye ointment

2) Tetracycline eye ointment

3) Mercuric oxide eye ointment

4) Sulphacetamide eye ointment

Eye Lotion

5) Zinc sulphate eye lotion

6) Sodium Chloride eye lotion.

Contact Lens Solution

7) Wetting solution for hard contact lens

8) Soaking and cleansing solution for hard contact lens

9) Cushioning solution for soft contact lens

E) TESTING OF PACKAGING MATERIALS

10) Test for hydrolytic Resistance of Glass I.P.

11) Rubber closure for container for Injectiable preparation. I.P.

12) Test on plastic container I.P.

13) Test on paper, paper board and demonstration of packaging machines.

F) STERILITY TESTING OF INJECTABLE AND OPHTHALMIC PREPARATIONS, I.P.

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RECOMMENDED BOOKS:


1. L. Lachman, H.Liberman, J.Kanig, ‘The Theory and Practice of Industrial

Pharmacy’, Varghese Publishinng House, Mumbai.

2. E.A. Rawlins, Bentley’s Textbook of Pharmaceutics, All India Traveller Book

Seller, Delhi.

3. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osmol Mack Publishers, Pennsylvania.

4. M.E.Aulton, ‘Pharmaceutics – The Science of Dosage form design’, Churchill

Livingstone, London, 1st Edition, 1988.

5. S.J. Cater, ‘Cooper and Gunn’s Dispensing for Pharmaceutical students’,CBS

Publishers and Distributors, Delhi.

6. K.E. Avis, L. Lachman, H.A.Lieberman, ‘Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms–

Parenteral Medications’, Vol. 1, Marcel Dekker Inc; New York.

7. Indian Pharmacopoeia, 1996.

8. British Pharmacopoeia, 2002

9. United States Pharmacopoeia, 2000

10. British Pharmaceutical Codex, 1973.

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FINAL YEAR B.PHARM. INDUSTRIAL ORGANISATION, DRUG STORE MANAGEMENT AND INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY (THEORY) Minimum 50 Hrs/Yr.

A. Industrial Administration: Principles of Industrial Management in relation to the Pharmaceutical Industry. 1. Introduction to forms of business organization: (3) 2. Introduction to the concepts of management. (a) Managerial work, function of management. (5) (b) Managerial planning – long term and short term plans. (c) Management by objectives, by results, by exception. (d) Decision making process

(e) Management control systems.

3. Production management : goals and organization, plant location, factory (6) building layout etc., production planning and development and materials management, operating problems, policies, purchasing and inventory controls. 4. Organization of distribution and marketing : The pharmaceutical market, market behaviour, influence, market analysis, market research. (2) 5. The pharmaceutical product : market considerations in product development, product classification, planning product differentiation, limitations, modifications of existing products (3)

6. Marketing organization : the manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer. (2)

7. Competitive practices in pharmaceutical industry : product differentiation,

patents and trade marks, price competition,. non-price competition-through

research and development, through quality control. (2) 8. Marketing communication : a) Media for communication : advertising and sales promotion methods. b) Pharmaceutical detailing 9. a) Indian pharmaceutical industry : Pharmaceutical industry in India, its (2) role in national economy and national health. b) Structure of the industry : organized sector, small scale sector, public sector, development council (Drug and Pharmaceuticals) c) Progress in the manufacturing of bulk drugs and formulations.

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d) Export and import of drugs and pharmaceuticals. B. Drug Store Management : a) Factors influencing the starting and running of a drug store. (9) b) Different types and forms of drug-store. c) Location. d) Purchasing of an existing store. e) Store building and its construction, furniture and fixtures. f) Internal planning and layout.

11. Policies in a drug store : (6)

Purchase and its record, sales and its record, credit and cash sales, suitable

pricing, sales promotion and advertisement, drug-store employees and their

treatment, losses and insurance including fire, thefts etc.

12. Accounting and Correspondence : (10) Elementary knowledge of different kind of accounts, ratio and their

application, books of accounts, journal and ledger, cash book, balance sheet,

profit and loss account, principles of costing and estimating elements of

double entry.


1. Koontz and O’Donnell., ‘Principles of Management’ by International Student

edition of McGraw Hill. 2. Reddin. W. J., ‘Effective Management’, New Delhi, Tata M. C. Graw

Hill,Publishing Co. Ltd., 3. Peter Drucker, ‘ Practice of Management’ Allied Publishers, New Delhi. 4. Nolen and Maynard, ‘Drug Stores Management’, McGaw Hill 5. Lassers J. K. , ‘How to run a small business’ Prerau. 6. O’ Connor , ‘Treatise on Commercial Pharmacy’. (J. B. Lippincott) 7. Olsen, ‘Marketing Drug Products’, (Rutgersuni Press), U.S.A. 8. Burley, Fisher and Cox , ‘Drug Store Operating Costs and Profits’, Mc Graw

Publishing Co. Ltd., N.Y., U.S.A.

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FINAL YEAR B.PHARM COSMETICOLOGY (THEORY) Minimum 50 Hrs/Yr.

1) Introduction to cosmetics, their applications, origin and development of (2) cosmetic science. 2) Basic knowledge of skin, role of hormones and vitamins in skin nutrition. (1) 3) Dermatitis and allergy, primary irritants, photosensitisaion, allergy and (2) antihistaminics in cosmetics.

4) Preservation, performance and evaluation of cosmetic materials. (1)

5) Cosmetic colours : natural and synthetic colours including plant and animal origin colours, lakes, pigments and inorganic colours. (4) 6) Perfumes in cosmetics : Synthetic,natural and artificial perfumes, types of perfumes, (4) classification of perfumes, manufacturing and blending of perfumes. 7) Formulation, manufacturing and equipment used for following types of cosmetic preparations. i) Skin creams and lotions, classification of skin creams, cold, vanishing, all purpose and emollient creams, cleansing creams, foundation creams,

hand creams, protective and barrier creams (3)

ii) Hair preparations : Shampoos, hair setting lotions, conditioners, hair tonics, hair bleaches, hair colouring dyes, permanent waving, hair straightners, antidandruff preparations. (3)

iii) Face powders and makeup : Face powders, compact powder, cake make

up, makeup cream, Liquid make up, stick make up and liquids, powder, beauty masks. (5)

iv) Coloured make up : Lipsticks, rouges and eye make up. (5)

v) Manicure preparations : Cuticle remover, nail bleach, nail whites, nail (3) creams, nail lacquer and enamel remover.

vi) Dental Products : Dentifrices and mouth washes. (2) vii) Astringents and skin tonics. (1) viii) Body cosmetics : Antiperspirants and deodorants, sun screen, suntan and antiburn preparations, skin lighteners and bleaches. (5)

ix) Bath preparations : Foam baths, bath salts, bath oil and after bath products. (2)

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x) Shaving preparations : Shaving creams lather and brushless, aerosol (5) shaving foams, dry shaving preparations and after shave preparations. xi) Baby cosmetics : Baby powders, oils, lotions, shampoos and soaps. (1)

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FINAL YEAR B.PHARM COSMETICOLOGY – (PRACTICALS) Minimum 100 Hrs/Yr.

Preparation of following types of cosmetic preparations based on the theory I) Creams : i) Cold Cream ii) Vanishing Ceam, iii) Cleansing cream iv) Emollient cream, v) All purpose cream vi) Foundation cream. II) Face powders and make–up: i) Face powder, ii) Dusting powder, iii) Compact powder iv) Liquid make up, v) Stick make up, vi) Cake make up, vii) Face mask, viii) All purpose mask. III) Body Cosmetics: i) Hand & body lotion, ii) Hand protective cream iii) Peeling lotion, iv) Corn callus preparation v) Foot cream, vi) Sunscreen lotion.

IV) Baby Cosmetics :

i) Baby lotion, ii) Baby Cream, iii) Baby powder V) Hair Prgarations: i) Liquid Shampoo, ii) Cream Shampoo iii) Gel Shampoo, iv) Brilliantine VI) Shaving Preparations: i) Lather shaving cream, ii) Brushless shaving cream iii) After shave lotion, iv) After shave cream, v) After shave powder VII) Coloured make-up : i) Lipstick ii) Lipsalve iii) Pressed Rouge iv) Wax based rouge, v) Cake Mascara, vi) Cream Mascara vii) Eye shadow stick, viii) Cream eye shadow, ix) Liquid Eye liner VIII) Manicure Preparations:

i) Nail Lacquer ii) Nail Enamel remover IX) Dental Product : i) Mouth Wash, ii) Tooth paste X) Astringent and skin tonics : i) Astringent stick ii) Astringent cream iii) Skin toner X) Miscellaneous :

Insect Repellant Cream

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Recommended Books : Latest editions of the following books.

1) J.B. Wilkinson, R.J.More; ‘Harry Cosmeticology’, Longman Singapore Publishers Pvt.Ltd., Singapore; Eight edition.

2) Balsam M.S. and Sagarin Edward, ‘Cosmetics Science and Technology’ (Vol. I & II, III) Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida; second Edition, 1974. Reprint edition-1992.

3) Sharma, P. P., ‘Cosmetics-Formulation, manufacturing and Quality Control:’ Vandana Publications, Delhi; Second Edition. 2002.

4) E.G. Thomson, ‘Modern Cosmetics’; Universal Publishing Corporation, Bombay, First Edition-1951, Reprint-1985.

5) Louis Appell, ‘Cosmetics Fragrances and Flavours;’ Micelle press-England, United Book and Periodicals, Bombay, India, Revised edition – 1994.

6) Pouchers, ‘Perfumes, cosmetics and soaps’, Chapman & Hall London, London, UK; Ninth

edition,1994.

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FINAL YEAR B.PHARM BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACECOKINETICS (THEORY)

Minimum 25 Hrs/Yr.

1. Introduction to Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, basic definitions, (2) concepts, applications. 2. Pharmacokinetic considerations of drug concentrations in plasma, rate (8)

Processes, concept of compartmental models, one compartment model.

Determination of various pharmacokinetic parameters of drug after intravenous bolus and infusion and after single dose oral administration, calculation of absorption rate constant and elimination rate constants and other parameters using residual method and Wagner Nelson method. Monitoring drug concentrations in Urine. (6) 3. Factors affecting drug absorption, route of administration, intravascular and (6) extravascular routes, drug absorption, gastrointestinal absorption, biological considerations, physico-chemical considerations, role of dosage form. 4. Drug Dispostion, distribution, drug-protein binding in blood and tissue, volume of distribution. 5. Drug metabolism, disposition of metabolites, first pass effect, non-linear

metabolism, hepatic clearance. (2) 6. Drug elimination, renal excretion, renal clearance, creatinine clearance, extraction ratio. (2)

7. Bioavailability studies, absolute and comparative bioavailability, bioequivalence of pharmaceutical formulations, methods and limitations of such studies. (3) 8. in-vivo-in-vitro correlations. (1) 9. Drug dosing regimens : Individualization and optimization in some disease (1) states.


1. Wellig P.G., Tse F.L.S. ‘Pharmacokinetics, Regulatory Industrial Academic

Perspectives’, Marcel Dekker Inc. Newyork, 2nd ed, 1995.

2. Gibaldi M, Perrier D, ‘Pharmacokinetics’, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 2nd ed.,Year 1987.

3. Tozer T. N., Rowland M, ‘Clinical Pharmacokinetics’, Lea and Febiger B.I.

Waverly Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, 1995. 4. Swarbrick, ‘clinical pharmacokinetics’.

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5. Tipnis H. P., Bajaj A. N., ‘Textbook of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics’, Career publications, Nashik, 2001.

6. Brahmankar D. M. & Jaiswal Sunil, ‘Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics’,

Vallabh Prakashan, 1st edition ,1995. 7. Swarbrick, James., ‘Current concepts in the Pharmaceutical Sciences:

Biopharmaceutics’, Lea & Febiger, ed., Philadelphia.

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FINAL YEAR B.PHARM PHARMACOLOGY-II (THEORY) Minimum 50 Hrs/Yr.

1. Drugs used in cardiovascular disorders:

Antihypertensive agents (15)

Vasodilators

Treatment of angina pectoris,

Cardiac glycosides and drugs used in congestive heart failure,

Agents used in cardiac arrhythmias.

Drugs used in blood disorders: Agents used to treat anemias,

Drugs affecting coagulation, bleeding and clotting time

Drugs used in hyperlipidemia and plasma expanders.

2. Chemotherapy:

Principles of chemotherapy, (10)

Antibacterials penicillins, cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines,

macrolides, clindamycin, aminoglycosides, polymyxins, vancomycin,

sulfonamides, trimethoprim,

Antifungals,

Antivirals,

Antimycobacterial drugs,

Anthelmintic drugs (5)

Antiprotozoal agents

Pharmacotherapy of septic shock

Pharmacotherapy of sexually transmitted diseases

Pharmacotherapy of urinary tract infections

Pharmacotherapy of HIV

Drugs for cancer chemotherapy (antineoplastic agents)

3. Drugs for Immunomodulation and gene therapy (5)

4. Toxicology (5)

Introduction to toxicology

General measures taken in the treatment of poisoning

Specific antidotal treatment of poisoning produced by:

a) Metals like Pb, As and Fe

b) Opioids

c) Solanaceous drugs

d) Barbiturates and

e) Salicylates

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5. Drugs acting on the Central Nervous system: (10)

General anesthetics and local anesthetics

Sedatives hypnotics and anxiolytics

Drugs used in psychiatric disorders

CNS stimulants

Antiepileptics

Skeletal muscle relaxants

Opioid analgesics and antagonist

Antipyretics

Drugs used for Parkinsonism and other neuro degenerative disorders

Drugs for cognitive dysfunction.

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FINAL YEAR B.PHARM PHARMACOLOGY-II-(PRACTICALS) Minimum 100 Hrs/Yr.

1. Effect of drugs on isolated frog’s heart.

2. Bioassay of histamine using guinea pig ileum by interpolation method

3. Bioassay of histamine using guinea pig ileum by bracketing method

4. Four point bioassay of acetylcholine on rectus abdominus muscle of frog

5. Bioassay of the antagonist d- tubocurarine using frog’s rectus muscle preparation.

6. Effect of Phenobarbitone on righting reflex of mice

7. Effect of diazepam on muscle relaxant of mice on rota rod apparatus

8. Determination of analgesic response of pentazocine

9. Determination of analgesic response of aspirin

10. Determination of anticonvulsant activity of phenobarbitone

11. Determination of anticonvulsant activity of diazepam

12. Determination of anticonvulsant activity of phenytoin

13. Effect of diazepam on locomotor activity

14. Effect of barbiturates on sleeping time in mice.

15. Chlorpromazine induced catatonia in rats.

16. Effect of calcium and potassium ions on furog heart

17. Effect of Propranolol on calcium and adrenaline induced responses using perfused frog

heart

18. Effect of digitalis on failing heart

19. Identification of test substances with the help of suitable blockers using perfused frog

Heart 20. Tutorials in Pharmacology

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50% of the Practicals will be computer-simulated experiments.

20. Determination of explanatory behavior by using Hole board apparatus in rats.

21. Determination of contancity activity of diazepam by using elevated plus more in mice.

22. Determination of passive avoidance by using cook’s Pole climbing Apparatus.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS : Latest editions of the following books :

1 Tripathi K.D., ‘Essentials of Medical Pharmacology’, Published by Jaypee brothers,New

Delhi, India, 4th edition, 1999. 2 Sheth S.D., ‘Textbook of Pharmacology’, Published by Churchill Livingstone Pvt. Ltd.,New

Delhi, India, 2nd edition, 1999. 3 Goodman and Gilman, ‘The Pharmacological basis of therapeutics’, Published by Mc Graw-

Hill, International edition, New York, U.S.A, 9th edition, 1999. 4 Satoskar R.S., Bhand arkar S.D., Ainapure S.S., ‘Pharmacology and

Pharmacotherapeutics’, Published by Popular Prakashan, Mumbai, India, 18th edition, 2003.

5 Wilson and Gisvold’s Textbook of ‘Organic, Medicinal and Pharmacological chemistry’,

Published by Lippincott-Raven publishers, Philadelphia, 10th edition, 1998. 6 Goyal R. K., ‘Practicals in Pharmacology’, published by B.S.Shah Prakashan, Ahmedabad,

India, 2nd edition, 2000. 7 Kulkarni S. K., ‘Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology’, Published by Vallabh

Prakashan, New Delhi, India, 3rd edition, 1999.

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FINAL YEAR B.PHARM BIOCHEMISTRY (THEORY) Minimum 50 Hrs/Yr.

1. Applications of biochemical principles to Pharmacy Ultrastructure of a cell, Functions of cellular constituents. (2)

2. Carbohydrates-Types digestion and absorption of carbohydrates with examples Anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis with energy transactions, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, Hexose monophosphate shut and energetics. Diseases associated with carbohydrate metabolism. (6)

3. Proteins-Types, structure-primary secondary tertiary, quaternary structure, digestion,

absorption Amino acids- type, metabolism and absorption of proteins, sequence determination methods, formation of urea, creatine, urea cycle. Diseases associated with protein metabolism. (6)

4. Lipids : Types, digestion and absorption of lipids, β-oxidation of fatty acids, Biosynthesis of cholesterol, bile acids, adrenocorticoids Progesterone, estrogens and testosterone, Ketone bodies, Diseases associated with lipid metabolism. (7)

5. Vitamins : classifications of Vitamins, biochemical role, sources, daily requirements,

deficiency symptoms of vitamins and other growth factors. (6)

6. Biological oxidations : electron transport chain, Its significance, cytochromes, oxidative phosphorylation. (3)

7. Enzymes : classification of enzymes, conenzymes, Enzyme kinetics Michaelis- Menten

equation and its transformations : double reciprocal plot, factors affecting enzyme action, Enzyme inhibition and kinetics.(6)

8. Nucleic acids: Purine & pyrimidine bases, nucleotides, nucleosides (12)

and their biosynthesis. DNA-Waston and Crick model, B from, Replication of DNA, DNA as the Carrier of genetic information. RNA-m-RNA, t-RNA, r-RNA [as carriers of genetic information] functions and structure of RNAS, Transcription and Protein synthesis.

9. Hereditory diseases. (2)

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FINAL YEAR B.PHARM BIOCHEMISTRY (PRACTICALS) Minimum 75 Hrs/Yr.

Qualitative Analysis of Carbohydrates Qualitative Analysis of Proteins Qualitative Analysis of Amino acids Quantitative Analysis of Carbohydrates I. Lane Eynon’s method for estimation of Glucose II. Wilstaters method for estimation of Glucose III. Benedicts method for estimation of Glucose IV. Selvinoffs method for estimation of Sugars Quantitative analysis of Proteins-Biuret Method, Estimation of Casein. Quantitative estimation of Vitamin C by dye method and KIO3 method.

Estimation of Vitamin C in fruit juices, plant extracts etc. Quantitative estimation of ß-amylase

Effect of pH, temperature, ions on enzyme activity.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS :

1. Harper’s Review of Biochemistry, Harper H.A., Los Altos Large Medical

Publication, 1981. 2. Biochemistry by Conn & Stump. 3. Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger A.L., Nelson D.L. and Cox M.M.,

CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi, 2nd edition, 1993. 4. Textbook of Biochemistry by Praful Godkar. 5. A Textbook of Practical Biochemistry by Plummer.

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FINAL YEAR B.PHARM BIOTECHNOLOGY (THEORY)

Minimum 25 Hrs/Yr.

1. Development of Biotechnology; milestones, principles and methods. (1) 2. Tissue Cultures:

Animal cell & tissue culture, advantages and disadvantages, laboratory technique, primary culture, cell-lines and cloning. Disaggregation of tissue and primary culture, cultured cells and evolution of cell lines, cloning of cell lines, Large Scale Cell cultures in Biotechnology, Somatic cell fusion. Tissue and Organ culture, whole embryo culture, tissue engineering.

b) Transgenic animals. Plant Tissue Cultures: (8)

Development of plant tissue cultures, Organ cultures, callus and suspension cultures, Totipotency, Organogenesis, somatic embryo genesis, Protoplast fusion, and somatic hybridisation, somaclonal variation, germyplasm storage including cryopreservation. 3. Microbial Genetics : - Gene transformation, transduction, conjugation, plasmids and their biological significance.

A brief account of genetic phenomenon in eucaryotics. Recombinant DNA Technique. - Bacterial mutation and mutagenesis, types of mutation, mutagenes, biological significance of mutation, induced mutations, isolation of mutants, role of mutation in strain improvement, artificial chromosomes, Cloning in bacteria virus, Yeasts and other eucaryotes. - Recombinant DNA and gene cloning, cloning and expression vectors, chimaeric DNA, molecular probes and gene libraries. - Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) and gene amplification.Basic PCR & its modifications, application of PCR in biotechnology. & genetic engineering. DNA polymorphism, RAPDs, VNTRs, SSRs, gene tagging, DNA finger printing. - Isolation, sequencing and synthesis of genes. - Gene synthesis machines and human gene therapy. - Yeast artificial chromosomes. - Introduction to Clinical Genetics. - Inheritance Pattern in man - Mandelian Inheritance - Dominant - Recessive - Lethal - Sex linked - Sex influenced multifactoral and mitochondrial inheritance

- Genetic diseases of heart, lungs, kidney, Brain, Sex Organs.

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5) Fermentation Technology : (7) - Types of Fermentation, and fermentation processes. Fermentation and bioprocess monitoring. - A detailed account of industrial fermentation processes of alcoholic beverages, antibiotics. (Penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline), organic acids

(citric acid, lactic acid, gluconic acid), solvents (acetone, butanol), amino - acids (l-lysine, l-glutamate), Vitamins ( Vit. A, Vit.B2, Vit

B12 ), vinegar,enzymes (amylases, lipases, proteases).

- Microbial bioconversions (industrial hydroxylation, hydrogenation of steroids).

- Single Cell Proteins, role of genesis in fermentation. (8)

RECOMMENDED BOOKS : Latest editions of the following books. 1) Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publications, Ed. Martin. 2) Casida D.J., Industrial Microbiology. 3) Chhadda M.S. & Heble M.R., ‘Biotechnological Applications of Plant Cell & Tissue Cultures: Problems and Prospects’, BARC, 1980. 4) Kumar S.D., ‘A Textbook on Biotechnology’, Affiliated East-West Press

Private Ltd., New Delhi, 2nd ed, 1998. 5) Reinert J and Bajaj YPS, ‘Applied and Fundamental Aspects of Plant cell, Tissue, and Organ Culture’, Narosa Publishing House, 6) Rw Fr. Dr. S. Ignocimuthu, S.J., Basic Biotechnology, Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, 1995. 7) Rw Fr. Dr.S.Ignacimuthu, S.J., ‘Applied Plant Biotechnology’, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, 1996. 8) Dodds J.H. and Roberts L.W., ‘Experiments in Plant Tissue Culture’,

Cambridge University Press, 3rd ed, 1995. 9) Keshav Trehan, Biotechnology, New Age International (P) Ltd., 1990. 10) Gupta P.K. ‘Elements of Biotechnology’, Rastogi Publications, Meerut, 1998.

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FINAL YEAR B.PHARM PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-IV (THEORY)

Minimum 50 Hrs/Yr.

A study of the following topics with regard to the physico-chemical properties, mode of

action of drug molecules, structure activity relationships (SAR), synthesis of a few important drug molecules marked*, IUPAC nomenclature of drugs and their therapeutic uses.

1) Adrenergic Agents (3)

Adrenergic Neurotransmitters – their structures and physicochemical properties, adrenergic receptors alpha and beta, directly and indirectly acting sympathomimetics and agents with a mixed mechanism of action.

Alpha and Beta agonists : Phenylephrine, Epinephrine*, Norepinephrine*Isoproterenol*, Metaproterenol*, Terbutaline*, Salbutamol*, Isoetharine, Dopamine*, Dobutamine, Ephedrine*, Mephentermine*, Hydroxyamphetamine, Nylidrin, Isoxsuprine. Imidazoline Derivatives - Naphazoline* and Tetrahydrazoline.

2) Adrenergic Blocking Agents - (2) Classification of Adrenergic Blocking Agents

Neuronal Blocking Agents Bretylium tosylate and guanethidine sulphate

Alpha Blockers :

Ergot alkaloids-Ergonovine, ergotamine & Methysergide,

Prazosin*, Phentolamine*, Tolazoline, Phenoxybenzamine*.

Beta Blockers : Propranolol*, Metoprolol*, Nadolol, Practolol*, Timolol,

Labetalol. 3) Cholinergic Agents (3)

Cholinergic Neurotransmitters, Cholinergic agonists and their classification. muscarinic

and nicotinic, Directly acting cholinergic agonists and reversible and irreversible

cholinesterase inhibitors.

Acetylcholine*, Methacholine*, Carbachol*, Bethanchol*, Pilocarpine,

Physostigmine, Neostigmine*, Pyridostigmine, Ambenonium chloride. Isoflurophate, Parathion, Malathion.

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4) Cholinergic Blocking Agents (4)

Parasympathetic Postganglionic Blockers : General structure, chemical

classification. Solanaceous alkaloids-Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine,

Aminoalcohols-Cyclopentolate*, Clidinium bromide, Piperidolate, Methantheline*

Amino alcohol ethers – Benztropine*. and Orphenadrine*.

Aminoalcohols – Biperiden, Procyclidine

Aminoumides – Isoproamide

Miscellaneous – Diphemanil, Ethopropazine*.

Papaverine alkaloids – Paraverine, Ethaverine and Doxycycline.

Ganglionic Blocking Agents : Depolarizing and non-depolarizing

Trimetharphan, Mecamylamine*

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents : Classification, Curare and Curare

alkaloids, Tubocurarine, Decamethonium, Gallamine.

5) Narcotic Analgesics (5)

Morphine and its therapeutic applications

Synthetic Analgesics:

A) Peripheral Modifications –

Codeine, Dionin, Thebaine, Heroin, Hydromorphone, Hydrocodone,

Oxymorphone, Oxycodone, their alkylated analogs, and Apomorphine

B) Skeletal Modifications :

(i) Meperidine Analogs-SAR, Meperidine*, Ketobemidone*, Anilerdine*

Propionoxy and phenyl derivatives of meperidine, Proheptazine,

Ethoheptazine*, Prodilidine, Fentanyl*.

(ii) Methadone Analogs-SAR, Methadone*, Isomethadone*, LAAM,

Propoxyphen*.

(iii) Morphinan Analogs – N-methylmorphinan, Levorphanol,

Dextromethorphan, cyclorphan, butorphanol.

(iv) Benzomorphans –Pentazocine, Cyclazocine

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Narcotic Anatagonists – Nalorphine, Levallorphan, Naloxone.

6. Non-steroidal Antiinflammatory Agents (4)

Chemical classification, salicylic acid and its derivatives, salols, Aspirin*.

Mefenamic* acid* and Meclofenamate.

Indomethacin*, Ibuprofen*, Fenoprofen, Flurbiprofen, Ketoprofen,

Ketorolac, Naproxen*, Diclofenac, Piroxicam*. Phenacetin*,

Acetaminophen, Antipyrine*, Aminopyrine, Phenylbutazone*,

Oxyphenbutazone*

Drugs used in the Treatment of Neuromuscular Disorders (3)

A. Drugs used in parkinson’s disease :

Anticholinergics, Dopamine, Levodopa, Carbidopa, Decarboxylase

inhibitors.

MAO Inhibitors – selegiline,

Dopamine*, ß – hydroxylase inhibitor – Fusaric acid.

Other Dopaminergic agents – Amantadine, Apomorphine,

Norapomorphine,

Bromocriptine.

B. Muscle Relaxants – Antodyne, Mephenesin, Chlorphensin,

Methocarbamol.

7) Antihypertensives and Antianginal agents (4)

All the classes of antihypertensive drugs.

i) Drugs acting centrally : Clonidine, Methyldopa.

ii) Ganglionic blockers – Hexamethonium and Trimethorphan

iii) Drugs acting on post ganglionic nerve endings- Guanethidine, Bretyllium,

Reserpine.

iv) ß – Blockers – Phentolamine*, Phenoxybenzamine*, Prazosin, Propranolol*,

Atenolol, Acebutol, Metoprolol*.

v) Ca-channel Blockers – Nifedipine*, Nimodipine*, Nicardipine, Amlodipine .

vi) ACE Inhibitors – Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril, Rampiril, Benazepril,

Fasinopril.

vii) Drugs acting on smooth muscles-Hydrallazine, Diazoxide, Minoxidil.

viii) Antianginal agents – Organic nitrates, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, antiplatelet drugs and cytoprotectives.

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9) Nomenclature, classification and therapeutics, uses of prostaglandins. (1)

10) Introduction to QSAR (5) Need of QSAR, Use of substituent constants

such as, Es, and physic chemical parameters such as pKa, partition coefficient, Rm, Chemical shifts, molar refractivity, simple and valence molecular connectivity to indicate electronic

effects, lipophilic effects and steric effects, use of octanol in determination of partition coefficient. Indroduction, methodology advantages and disadvantages or limitations

of Hansch Analysis.

11) Introduction to asymmetric synthesis (4)

Chirality, enantiomers, diastereomers, need of chiral compounds,

Eutomers, distomers, eudismic ratio, chirality pool, kinetic resolution,

asymmetric synthesis, prochiral moiety, isomeric ballast, enantiospecificity,

enantioselectivity, diastereoselectivity.

12) Combinatorial Chemistry – basics, databases, and libraries. (4)

13) Hepatitis : Hepatitis A, B and C viruses (4)

Interferon alfa, Lamivudine, Ribivirin, Acyclovir, clevudine, Entecavir,

Emtrucutabine.

14) Cox 2 inhibitors – Eicosanoids, synthesis of prostaglandins, role of (4) cycloxygenases in prostaglandin synthesis, nonselective inhibitors of cyclooxygenases (commonly used NSAIDS)

Selective inhibitors of cox-2, Rofecoxib, Celecoxib, Etodolac, Nimesulide*,

Nabumetone, Meloxicam their advantages over nonselective

cyclooxygenase inhibitors. FINAL YEAR B.PHARM

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PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY (PRACTICALS)

Minimum 100 Hrs/Yr.

I : Long Experiments: Synthesis of drugs and drug intermediates using following reactions. At least fifteen experiments from following different classes) 1) Oxidation : Benzoin to benzil (HNO3)

(2 Expts.) : p-Nitrotoluene to p-nitrobenzoic acid (sodium dichromate) 2) Reduction : p-Nitrobenzoic acid to PABA (1 Expt) 3) Esterification : PABA to benzocaine (1 Expt.) 4) Benzilic acid : rearrangement : Benzil to Benzilic acid 5) Pinacol-Pinacolone Rearrangement : Benzil to 5,5-diphenylhydantoin (1 Expt.) 6) Fridel-Crafts alkylation and acylation Preparation of an alkylating agent, t-butyl chloride and conversion of benzene to t-butylbenzene. Benzene to acetophenone / benzophenone / triphenylmethane 7) Hoffmann bromamide reaction Phthalimide to anthranilic acid. 8) Sandmeyer Reaction (2 expts) Anthranilic acid to o-cholorbenzoic acid and Anthranilic acid to o-iodobenzoic acid. 9) Nitration (2 Expts) Acetanilide to p - nitroaniline Resorcinol to 2-nitroresorcinol 10) Grignard reaction Preparation of grignard reagent and sysnthesis of secondary alcohols using corresponding alkyl halide 11) Perkin condensation Cinnamic acid from benzaldehyde and acetic anhydride. 12) Claisen condensation Benzaldehyde to ethylcinnamate. 13) Diazotisation & Deamination - Aniline to tribromobenzene. Aniline to 2, 4, 6 – Tribromoaniline to 1, 3, 5-tribromobenzene 14) Riemer – Tiemann Reaction. Phenol to Salicylaldehyde II Small Experiments:

1) Benzamide to Benzoic acid

2) Cyclohexanone to1,2,3,4 tetrahydrocarbazole

3) Oxime of benzaldehyde.

4) Betanaphthol benzoate from benzoic acid.

5) Orthophenylenediamine to benzimidazole

6) Orthophenylene diamine to 2, 3-diphenylquinoxaline

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RECOMMENDED BOOKS :

Latest editions of the following books. 1) Wilson and Gisvold’s ‘Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry’, ed.,

Robert F. Doerge, Lippincott Company, U.S.A. 2) W.O.Foye , T.L. Lemke and D. A. Williams, ‘Principles of Medicinal chemistry’, B.I. Waverly

Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 3) Burger’s ‘Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery’, ed., D. J. Abraham, John Wiley & Sons

Inc., New York, U.S.A.

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FINAL YEAR B.PHARM PHARMACEUTICS – IV (THEORY) Minimum 50 Hrs/Yr.

1) Preformulation studies : Stages of product development, Bulk characterization,

physico chemical properties of drugs affecting formulation : particle size, physical form,

polymorphism, solubility analysis etc., Drug excipient interactions, stability testing, ICH

guidelines, shelf life determination. (5) 2) Controlled release drug delivery systems, release rate and dose considerations, mechanisms of drug release. Criterion for selection of drugs for controlled

release. (15)

Types of controlled release dosage forms. Diffusion and dissolution based

systems, polymers used. Oral and parenteral controlled release drug delivery

systems.

Introduction to novel drug delivery systems and Drug carrier systems like liposomes, microspheres, nanoparticles for ocular, nasal, transdermal, pulmonary, intra uterine routes of administration.

3. Microencapsulation : Concept, core material, coating materials, processing and equipment for microencapsulation, quality control, applications. (5)

4. Aerosols, components, formulations, propellants and loading methods. Nebulizers, MDIS, Dry powder inhalers, nasal sprays. (5)

5. Pilot Plant Scale up techniques : (5) Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, evaluation of formula, equipment, raw materials, process optimization, personnel requirements, factorial designs. 6. Total Quality Management, Good Manufacturing Practices, Controls on (15)

personnel, building design and plant layout, general facilities, environmental controls and other controls during manufacture, storage and distribution of products. Quality Assurance and quality control department, in-process controls, manufacturing documents, statistical quality control, Quality control charts, sampling method and sampling plans, Quality audits and documentation.

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FINAL YEAR B.PHARM PHARMACEUTICS – IV (PRACTICALS) Minimum 100 Hrs/Yr.

1. Preparation & Evaluation of controlled release dosage forms.

2. Preparation of sustained release granules using hydrophobic matrix (eg) salicylic

acid in stearic acid by fusion method.

3. Preparation of sustained release granules by embedding in hydrophilic matrix eg.

Ibuprofen in Guar gum matrix.

4. Preparation of sustained release granules with polymer coating eg. Chloroquine

granules coated with Ethyl cellulose.

5. Evaluation of controlled release granules by dissolution studies using dissolution

rate test apparatus I.P.

6. Dissolution rate studies on sustained release granules using pH change method (i

e) variable buffers using USP dissolution test apparatus.

7. Preparation and evaluation of controlled release pellets using Extruder pelletizer.

eg. Calcium carbonate pellets with Microcrystalline cellulose.

8. Preparation and evaluation of Ibuprofen gel prepared using carbopol.

9. Monographic Evaluation of Inhalation Aerosols (eg) Salbutamol metered dose

Inhalation aerosol.

10. Preparation and evaluation of transdermal films eg Ibuprofen TDS.

11. Study of diffusion rate from Transdermal films using diffusion cells.

12. Prepare of asprin granules by roll compaction & direct compression to tablets.

13. Filling of Hard gelatin capsules using Hand operated capsule fill ing machine and

validation of the processes.

14. Microencapulation of drugs using phase separation coacervation technique (eg)

Liquid paraffin with gelatin, phase separation induced by salt addition.

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15. Microencapulation of drugs by inducing phase separation coaceration using non

solvent (eg) ferrous fumarate by Polyvinyl alcohol and Acetone.

16. Microencapulation of drug using orifice method. eg. Calcium carbonate by

Polyvinyl alcohol and non solvent Acetone.

17. Microencapulation of drugs by phase separation coacervation induced by

complexation (eg) Activated charcoal by gelatin and gum Acacia.

18. Accelerated stability studies on Aspirin solution.

19. Effect of accelerated humidity conditions on Aspirin tablets.

20. Pharmacokinetic studies after oral administration of a sulpha drug using rabbit

as a model.

21. Determination of pharmacokinetic parameteres like tmax, cmax, Ka, Ke, and

AUC after oral or Intra venous administration.

22. Preparation of quality control charts and validation and documentation of

liquidfilling operation.

23. Demonstration of machines available for pilot plant studies. RECOMMENDED BOOKS : Latest editions of the following books.

1. L. Lachman, H.A. Lieberman & J.L. Kanig Lea, ‘Theory and Practice of Industrial

Pharmacy’, 3rd edition, Verghese Publishing house, Mumbai-1987. 2. Remington: ‘The science and Practice of Pharmacy’, A.R.Gennard, Mack

publishing company, Pennsylvania, 19th edition, 1995. 3. Chien Y.W., ‘Novel drug delivery systems’, Marcel Dekker Publication,U.S.A.,

1992. 4. Robinson, Lee V.H., Controlled drug delivery fundamentals and applications,

Marcel Dekker Publication, 1987. 5. Ansel HC, popwich NG, Allen L.V. ‘Pharmaceutical Dosage forms and Drug

Delivery Systems’, B I Waverby Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1999. 6. Banker G S, Rhoder C.T., ‘Modern Pharmaceutics’, Marcel Dekker Inc.

Publication, 3rd ed., 1996. 7. Jain N. K ed., ‘Advances in controlled and Novel drug delivery’, Vol. I & II, CBS

publisher. 8. Willig S.H. – ‘Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceuticals’ Marcel Dekker

Inc. Publication.

B.P

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