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SEED BEARING

VASCULAR PLANTS:GYMNOSPERMS

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SPERMATOPHYTES/ PHANEROGAMS

General characteristics:

reproduce by seeds

gametophyte dependent onsporophyte

HETEROSPOROUS

ENDOSPORIC

unisexual gametophyte

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GYMNOSPERMS

NO OVARY

EXPOSED OVULE

NAKED SEEDSDividedinto 4 divisions

Pinophyta, Cycadophyta,Gnetophyta, Ginkgophyta

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PINOPHYTA

monoecious

staminate cone/ androstrobilus Microspores

winged pollen grains

ovulate cone/ gynostrobilus ovuliferous scales

ovules (seeds)

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PINOPHYTA

Staminatecone

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Ovulatecone

PINOPHYTA

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Araucaria

Thuja

Agathis Sequoia

PINOPHYTA

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CYCADOPHYTA

dioecious

megasporophyll loose clusters microsporophyll strobilus

microsporangia with pollen grains

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Cycas circinalis

Cycas revoluta

CYCADOPHYTA

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CYCADOPHYTA

Male strobilusMegasporophylls

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GINKGOPHYTA

Onlyextant representative:

G

inkgo biloba Alsoknownasthemaidenhair tree

Dioecious

Withamedicinalvalue:enhancesmemory

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GINKGOPHYTA

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GNETOPHYTA

Most advancedgroupofgymnosperms

Most relatedtotheangiosperms Havevesselelementsasxylem

component

Gnetum gnemon Ephedra

Welwitschia

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GNETOPHYTA

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GNETOPHYTA

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the endthe end

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