BOT 3:Fungi

8/7/2019 BOT 3:Fungi

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Nutrition Heterotrophic eukaryote

Absorptive mode of nutrition: hydrolyticenzymes

Saprobic fungi- feed on dead/ non-livingorganisms

Parasitic fungi- feed on nutrients from livinghosts

Mutualistic fungi- food from other organismsbut reciprocate with functionsbeneficial toothers


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Form Unicellular: yeast Filamentous: molds Complex multicellular: mushrooms

Structure Cell wall: chitin Hyphae (filaments): can beseptate hyphae or

coenocytic hyphae Mycelium (network ofseveral hyphae) Haustoria (nutrient absorbing hyphal tips that

penetrate tissue of hosts)


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Reproduction

Asexual: binary fission/ budding as in yeast

Sexual: spore formation Syngamy: sexual union of 2 cells from different

individual ; with 2 stages: plasmogamy andkaryogamy

Haplontic life cycle: adult: haploid


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DIVISION CLASS REPRESENTATIVE

Chytridiomycota Chytridiomycetes Nowakoskiella

Allomyces

Zygomycota Zygomycetes Rhizopus stolonifer

Ascomycota Ascomycetes Saccharomyces

Xylaria

Cookeina

Deuteromycetes Aspergillus

Penicillium

TrichodermaBasidiomycota Basidiomycetes Volvariella

Ganoderma

Auricularia

Puccinia


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The chytrids are the most primitive of the

fungi and are mostly saprobic (degrading

chitin and keratin).

Many chytrids are aquatic (mostly found infresh water).


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Allomyces


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Terrestrial, thrive on soil with decaying

plant and animal materials

Hyphae: coenocytic; reproductivestructure: septated

Asexual reproduction: spores

(sporangium and sporangiophore) Sexual reproduction: zygospores

Rhizopus stolonifer(black bread mold)


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Hyphae/ mycelium: septated

Sexual reproduction: ascospores(ascocarp)

Asexual reproduction: conidia

(conidiophore)


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Ascomycetes- with a

known sexual mode of

reproduction

ascospores


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Deuteromycetes


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Also known as the club fungi Ecological importance: decomposition of

plant litter Asexual reproduction: basidiospores (n)

Outside the club-shaped spore producing:basidia within thebasidiocarp

Complex fungi: jelly fungus (Auricularia),pore fungus (Dictyophora, Fomes), gillfungus (Polyporus), puff ball fungi(Lycoperdon, Calvatia)


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basidiospore

basidia

Cap/ pileus

Annulus/

ring

gill


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Puccinia wheat rust


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Mycorrhizae

Fungus roots

Mutualistic relationship between soil fungiand roots of most plants

Plantswith mycorrhizae growmoresuccessfully in poor soils the relationshiphelps plants to acquire more mineralnutrients, in turn, the fungi get somecarbohydrates


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SYMBIOTIC relationship between a fungi

and an algae(cyanobacteria) or green

alga Efficient in acquiring nutrientseven at

low moisture or low temperature; also

good in abrorbing pollutants, andtherefore cannot survive polluted areas---

bio-indicator of pollution


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FOLIOSE LICHENS- leaf-like


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FRUTICOSE LICHENS- shrub-like


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CRUSTOSE LICHENS- flaky or crust-like


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Life:The Science of Biology 7th Edition

end

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