Book of Ruth PDF

8/3/2019 Book of Ruth PDF

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OEPRL@^GPOLE Pmn bllk li R~pm ow c wplr li gmlognw ce` pmn glewns~negnw li pmlwn gmlognw% Lipne pmnwnglewns~negnw crn ynr oiinrnep irlh pmlwn cepogovcpn`% Mlqnynr* qn crn elp pmn vrl`~gp li

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GMCVPNR LENPrcaog Glewns~negnw -R~pm 343(>/

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Al` mcw enynr vrlhown` Mow vnlvjn pmcp join ql~j` cjqcw bn c bn` li rlwnw% Hcppmnq

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~eole brl~amp c arncp g~rwn le pmn ecpole li D~`cm ce` cjhlwp `nwprln` pmn Hnwwoceog joencan

li Dnmlwmcvmcpw cegnwplrw -2 Gmrleogjnw 22/%

Hcmjle ce` Gmojole* `l~bpjnww qopenwwoea pmn jlq yonq pmnor vcrnepw mc` ilr Al`w Qlr`*

iljjlqn` w~op ce` nepnrn` oepl ilrbo``ne hcrrocanw% Njohnjngm wnnhw pl mcyn òn` wlle cipnrpmn gchn pl Hlcb% Oi pmcp ow wl* pmne Eclho h~wp mcyn nopmnr crrcean` pmnwn hcrrocanw pl pmnwn

Hlcbopn qlhne* lr wmn vcwwoynj cggnvpn` pmnh% Nyne oi wmn qcw cacoewp pmnh* pmnrn qcw joppjn

wmn gl~j` wc* cw mnr join qcw mcr`j c bncgle li glewowpneg%

Wlhn mcyn pron` pl cra~n pmcp pmn Hlcbopnw qnrn elp le pmn vrnwgrobn` jowp li ecpolew pmcp

Owrcnj qcw vrlmobopn` pl hcrr oe @n~pnrlelh 1% Mlqnynr* Wgrovp~rn ow gjncr pmrl~aml~p pmcp

Al` ow cacoewp ~ens~cj lkoea li bnjonynrw qopm ~ebnjonynrw* Bn n elp ~ens~cjj lkn` planpmnr qopm

~ebnjonynrw-2 Glroepmocew 9430c/% Enmnhocm gnrpcoej oepnrvrnpn c hcrrocan pl c Hlcbopn qlhce

cw ilrbo``ne -Enmnhocm 3743* 27(2>; gi% Ntrc ?43(2* 32/%

Pmow ichoj mcw elq mnc`n` `lqe pmow bcgkwjo``ne vcpm ilr pne ncrw% Op wnnhw pmn crn

`roipoea pmrl~am join qopm el v~rvlwn lr vjce% El hnepole li wnnkoea pmn qojj li Al` ow wnne oe

ce li pmnor `ngowolew li pmow `ngc`n oe Hlcb% Woe wvrnc`w ce` opw glewns~negnw crn qo`n%

Ce` Hcmjle ce` Gmo j o le ò n` c j wl bl pm l i pmnh; ce` pmn qlhce qcw j n i p l i mn r pql wlew ce` mn r m~wbce`%-y>/

Oe pmn wvcgn li c ynrwn* Eclhow qlrj` glhnw grcwmoea `lqe% Pmrnn plhbw oe Hlcb

pnwpoi pl pmn iljj li pmnor `ngowolew% Qn gce lej b~p ohcaoen pmn vcoe ce` nhvpoenww oe

Eclhow mncrp% Wmn elq mcw el wlew* el jce`* el hlen* ce` el vrlwvngpw% Cw ce cjone oe c

wprcean jce`* wmn mcw joppjn b qc li c i~p~rn% Pmn wc` orle qcw pmcp pmn gchn pl Hlcb pl wcyn


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pmnor joynw ce` pl ijl~rowm* b~p cjj mnr ichoj òn` qmojwp pmnor al`j rnjcpoynw oe Bnpmjnmnh

ijl~rowmn`% Ilrbo``ne ir~op jllkw wqnnp* b~p cw Nyn òwglynrn` op p~rew wl~r oe l~r wplhcgm#

Pmow oego`nep wml~j` cjwl qcre ~w cjj pmcp l~pm ow el vrlpngpole cacoewp `ncpm% Icpmnrw ce`

wlew gce bn gcrron` l~p oepl npnreop cp ce hlhnep% Mlqnynr* Eclho ow elp glhvjnpnj qopml~p

mlvn% Pmnrn ow cjqcw Al` qcopoea ilr mnr pl glhn bcgk irlh mnr bcgkwjoòeaw% Arcgn jokn cwojynr joeoea oe pmn gjl~` mc` jnip mnr qopm c rnhecep oe R~pm pmcp ql~j` vrlyn pmn arncpnwp

bjnwwoea li cjj pl pmn join li Eclho ce` cjj li hcekoe % @nwvopn pmn icoj~rnw li hne* Al` gce

p~re nynrpmoea crl~e` ce` ~pojown pmow prcan` cw vcrp li Mow arce` rn`nhvpoyn vjce pmcp Mn mc`

v~rvlwn` oe npnreop%

S^NWPOLEW ILR @OWG^WWOLE

3% Qmcp ow pmn woaeoiogcegn li Bnpmjnmnh mcyoea c ichoen/% Bncroea oe hoe` pmn cvvcjjoea gr~njp ce` ohhlrcjop li pmn Hlcbopn qlrwmov* qmogm

oegj~`n` gmoj` wcgroiognw* pmow `lnw elp rnijngp qnjj le Eclho% Op vrlynw cw Jjn wcw* Opw

`ceanrl~w pl jowpne pl pmn c`yogn li c bcgkwjo``ne bnjonynr% Oe icgp* c bcgkwjo``ne bnjonynr gce `l

hlrn `chcan pmce ce ~ewcyn` vnrwle%

_nw op ow pr~n irlh c m~hce vnrwvngpoyn pmcp pmnwn l~ea qlhne mc` bnppnr hcrrocan

vrlwvngpw oe Hlcb* b~p qn crn elp pl yonq gorg~hwpcegnw hnrnj irlh c mlrotlepcj vnrwvngpoyn%

Ilr w~rnj c qo`lq oe Owrcnj n}vlwn` pl pmn qroppne Jcq li Al` ce` pmn vnlvjn li Al` ow cjqcw

bnppnr wvorop~cjj pmce hcrron` pl c vcace oe ce ohhlrcj ce` o`ljcprl~w jce` jokn Hlcb% Qn

wml~j` `royn vnlvjn pl pmn Jlr` elp cqc irlh Moh% Eclho ow wpojj d~àoea gorg~hwpcegnw oe pmnqow`lh li pmn ijnwm o%n% qmcp ow bnwp hcpnrocjj% Pmow pmoekoea ow qmcp alp mnr qmljn ichoj oe pmn

hnww pmn iorwp pohn# Arcep vloepw l~p cbl~p Eclho*

B~p wmn qcw jokn wl hce bnjonynrw qml anp cqc irlh pmn Jlr`% Pmn `l elp negl~rcan

lpmnrw pl glhn pl qmnrn pmn Jlr` ow bngc~wn pmn pmoek pmnrn ow elpmoea pmnrn pl cpprcgp

pmnh# Pmn crn pmoekoea li pmn gorg~hwpcegnw rcpmnr pmce li pmn Jlr` Mohwnji% @o` wmn

pmoek wmn h~wp bn pmnor lej rnwl~rgn oe Owrcnj< B~p icopm bnglhnw n}prnhnj qnck qmne

len mcw bcgkwjo``ne%

Eclho ow ynr òrngp b c`yowoea al b~p wmn `lnw cp jncwp c`` c bjnwwoea ilr pmnor koeènww

pl mnr* pmn JLR@ `ncj koe`j qopm l~* cw n mcyn `ncjp qopm pmn `nc`* ce` qopm hn% -y=/ Op ow all` pl

cgkelqjnàn pmn arcgn lpmnrw mcyn wmlqe l~% Pmnwn qnrn gjncrj mlel~rcbjn l~ea qlhne oe

hce qcw nyne Anepojnw mcyn pmn jcq li Al` qroppne le pmnor mncrpw -Rlhcew 243>(39/%

Eclho wnnhw pl pr~j mcyn ane~oen ciingpole ilr pmnwn aorjw ce` pmn ilr mnr cw pmn qnnv h~gm

cp pmn vrlvlwn` vcrpoea% Wmn vrcw c bjnwwoea li celpmnr ichoj ilr pmnh* Pmn JLR@ arcep l~

pmcp n hc ioe` rnwp* ncgm li l~ oe pmn ml~wn li mnr m~wbce`% -y?/ Wc`j* pmnrn ow el hnepole li vrcoea

ilr pmnor wcjycpole b~p mnr vrcnr d~wp glegnrew hcpnrocj rnwp qopm c enq m~wbce`% Mnr cppop~`n

wml~j` mcyn bnne pmcp li Hlwnw pl mow rnjcpoynw* Ce` Hlwnw wco` ~epl Mlbcb* pmn wle li Rca~nj pmn

Hoòceopn* Hlwnw! icpmnr(oe(jcq* Qn crn dl~renoea ~epl pmn vjcgn li qmogm pmn JLR@ wco`* O qojj aoyn op l~4

glhn pml~ qopm ~w* ce` qn qojj `l pmnn all`4 ilr pmn JLR@ mcpm wvlkne all` glegnreoea Owrcnj% -E~hbnrw

3642?/I~rpmnrhlrn* op ow elp pr~n pmcp pmnrn qcw el mlvn ilr wprceanrw joyoea oe Owrcnj% Eclho


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gjncrj kenq Dnmlycm b mnr gleynrwcpolew qopm mnr `c~ampnrw(oe(jcq ce` mnr jcpnr gle`~gp

`nhlewprcpn` pmcp wmn kenq pmn Hlwcog jcq oe rnwvngp li pmn koewhce rn`nnhnr% Wmn h~wp

pmnrnilrn mcyn kelqe pmcp Hlwnw glhhce`n` Owrcnj pl wmlq glhvcwwole pl ilrnoaenrw jokn R~pm

ce` Lrvcm* pmn wprceanr* ce` pmn icpmnrjnww* ce` pmn qo`lq* qmogm crn qopmoe pm acpnw* wmcjj glhn* ce` wmcjj

ncp ce` bn wcpowion`; pmcp pmn JLR@ pm Al` hc bjnww pmnn oe cjj pmn qlrk li pmoen mce` qmogm pml~ `lnwp

-@n~pnrlelh 3042?/%

Ce` pmn wc o` ~epl mn r * W~r n j qn qo j j r n p~re qo pm pmn n ~epl pm vnlvj n % Ce` Eclho wc o` * P~re cacoe * h`c~amp n r w 4 qm qo j j n al q o pm hn< cr n pmn r n n p ce hlr n wlew oe h qlhb* pmcp pmn hc bn l~r m~wbce`w/ Blpm gjcoh pmn crn qojjoea pl jncyn pmnor mlhnjce` ce` nhbrcgn Owrcnj cw pmnor enq mlhn%@nwvopn pmnwn wohojcroponw pmnrn crn woaeoiogcep òiinrnegnw% Pmow qojj ~jpohcpnj jnc` pmnh pl c

òiinrnep `ngowole* qmogm ciingpw blpm pmnor ncrpmj `nwpoecpolew ce` npnrecj `nwpoecpolew% Len

qrlea wpnv ~eilj`w ce cqi~j gmcoe li glewns~negnw% H~gm lipne mceaw le wnnhoeaj

oewoaeoiogcep ngowolew%


>% Mlq ow pmn wop~cpole ilr Eclho `nwvnrcpn elq/

Pmow ow pmn pmor` pohn Eclho niingpoynj glhhce`w R~pm pl rnp~re pl mnr vnlvjn# W~gm c

wpcpnhnep `njoencpnw pmn bcgkwjo``ne wpcpn li Eclho% Wmn qcw i~jj glaeowcep pmcp wneòea pmnwn

pql l~ea qlhne bcgk pl Hlcb qcw niingpoynj c wvorop~cj `ncpm wnepnegn% Ilr op ql~j` bn

wneòea pmnh bcgk pl pmn vljpmnowpog vcaceowh cwwlgocpn` qopm `nhleog gmoj` wcgroiognw -Vwcjh

369471/% _np wmn negl~rcan` blpm li pmnh pl `l wl% Op cjwl vrlynw pmcp Eclho kenq pmcp pmn

lroaoecj `ngowole pl hlyn pl Hlcb qcw oeògcpoyn li wvorop~cj glhvrlhown% Wmn kenq pmn jce`

ce` pmn vnlvjn qnrn pon` ~v qopm lenw icopm%

R~pm* b gleprcwp* h~wp bn wnne oe c òiinrnep joamp% Wmn ow oe pmn ho`wp li c arncp wvorop~cj

wpr~aajn oe mnr hoe` qopm c e~hbnr li lvvlrp~eoponw pl rnp~re bcgk% Il~r pohnw wmn mcw bnnenegl~rcan` pl `l wl b qlr`w ce` gorg~hwpcegnw -y1* y=* y33* y3>/% Pnhvpcpole ow nwvngocjj

òiiog~jp pl rnwowp qmne op glhnw rnvncpn`j ce` irlh pmn jovw li len l~ jlyn ce` rnwvngp% Pmn

jcwp pnhvpcpole qcw pmn wprleanwp* cw op gchn ohhn ocpnj cipnr Lrvcmw n}chvjn% Vnnr vrnww~rn

b l~r glepnhvlrcronw ow nwvngocjj mcr` pl rnwowp%

Ce` R~pm wc o` * Oe p r ncp hn el p p l j ncy n pmn n * l r p l r n p~re i r lh il j jlqoea c i p n r pmn n 4 i l r qmo pmn r pml~ al n w p * Oq o j j al ; ce` qmnr n pml~ jlàn w p * O q o j j j làn 4 pm vnlvj n wmcj j bn h vnlvj n * ce` pm Al` h Al`4 Qmnr n pml~

ò n w p * q o j j O ` o n * ce` pmn r n q o j j O bn b~r o n` 4 pmn JLR@ `l wl p l hn * ce` hlr n c j wl * o i l~amp b~p `ncpm vcr ppmn n ce` hn % -y39(31/

Pmow ow len li pmn arncpnwp wpcpnhnepw li icopm oe Wgrovp~rn% R~pm `lnw elp gleprcògp

Eclhow ecp~rcjowpog vrnhownw cbl~p pmn bjnckenww li mnr i~p~rn oe Owrcnj% Op ow qle`nri~j pl elpn

pmcp R~pm mcw bnne i~jj qcren` b Eclho cw pl pmn `ceanrw ce` procjw cmnc` wml~j` wmn al pl

Owrcnj* np wmn qcepw pmn Al` li Owrcnj hlrn% Wmn qcw cgpoea jokn pmn pr~n rnvnepcegn li pmn

Pmnwwcjleogcew* %n p~ren` pl Al` irlh o`ljw pl wnryn pmn joyoea ce` pr~n Al` -3 Pmnwwcjleocew 34?/%

Oe niingp* wmn qcw ilrwckoea cjj pmcp wmn mc` nynr rncjj kelqe pl iljjlq pmn len pr~n Al`% R~pm

kenq op qcw bnppnr pl bn c qo`lq oe Owrcnj pmce c qncjpm qoin oe Hlcb% Pmn al`w li Hlcb el

jleanr wcpowion` mnr wl~j% Wmn cgpn` jokn Hlwnw* Nwpnnhoea pmn rnvrlcgm li Gmrowp arncpnr rogmnw pmce pmn

prncw~rnw oe Navp4 ilr mn mc` rnwvngp ~epl pmn rnglhvnewn li pmn rnqcr` -Mnbrnqw 33429/% Cw Rlwwonr

lbwnryn`*


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R~pmw gcwn ow s~opn òiinrnep% Qmcp vrngol~w icopm wmn òwvjcw4 i~jj li gnrpcoep*

rnwlj~pole* ce` `ngowole# El lbdngpole gce gmcean mnr hoe`% Mlq gjncrj icopm wnnw opw

alcj# Wmn jowpnew pl Eclhow qlr`w b~p mnr `ngowole mcw bnne hc`n* ilr wmn kelqw lej

len vcpm* qmogm ilr mnr ow pmn engnwwcr vcpm% Qmcp crn ecp~rnw ohvlwwobojoponw bnilrn

icopmw engnwwoponw< R~pm enopmnr cjjlqw mnrwnji pl bn `npnrrn` b pmn vrlwvngp li elp ioeòea

celpmnr m~wbce`* elr nyne b pmn Jlr`w mce` wprnpgmn` l~p cacoewp mnr hlpmnr(oe(jcq; oe

pmn lbwpcgjnw pmcp hl~ep ~v wmn wnnw lej wl hce enq rncwlew ilr gjoeaoea pl mnr `ngowole%

Eclho ow nynrpmoea pl R~pm* ce` R~pm gjncynw pl Eclho%

R~pm mc` i~jj pr~wpn` pmn Jlr` cw mnr Al` cw Blct jcpnr pnwpoion`* %c i~jj rnqcr` bn aoyne

pmnn li pmn JLR@ Al` li Owrcnj* ~e`nr qmlwn qoeaw pml~ crp glhn pl pr~wp% -R~pm 2432/% Qn h~wp elp

ilranp pmcp prcan`* `ncpm ce` qo`lqmll` mc` glhn ncrj pl pmn join li pmow l~ea qlhce% _np

cho`wp pmow cvvcrnep mlvnjnwwenww ow pmn ynr wop~cpole pmcp Al`w arcgn gce qlrk pmrl~am% R~pm

ow elp glegnren` qopm mnr i~p~rn oe Bnpmjnmnh qopml~p hlen lr jce` lr cw c `nwvown` Hlcbopn

qo`lq% Wmn enynr moepw pmcp wmn pml~amp pmcp Al` ql~j` vrlyo`n c m~wbce` ilr mnr oe

Bnpmjnmnh% Oe`nn`* wmn ow qojjoea pl cggnvp pmcp Eclho hc qnjj jlàn oe ~ecpprcgpoyn vjcgnw oeOwrcnj qmogm wmn ow qojjoea pl wmcrn% Pmnwn qlr`w vrlyn pmcp wmn ow glhhoppn` pl4

-3/ Enq Jce`-2/ Enq Joinwpjn-7/ Enq Vnlvjn-0/ Enq Jlr`

R~pm gmllwnw pl ilg~w le Al` pmcp wmn mcw glhn pl kelq ce` pr~wp oe% Wmn ow hlrn

glegnren` cbl~p kelqoea Moh pmce mnr hcpnrocj vrlwvngpw% Oe`nn`* mnr rnwlj~pn icopm gle`nhew

pmn jcgk li icopm oe mnr Owrcnjopn oe(jcqw% Oi c Hlcbopn aorj blre oe vcaceowh qopml~p c Bobjn ce`qopml~p pmn vroyojnanw li D~`cowh gl~j` pr~wp Al`* qm gl~j` pmow Dnqowm ichoj irlh Bnpmjnmnh

elp< Oe`nn`* qm gce qn elp oe l~r vroyojnan` gorg~hwpcegnw(39/

Pmow qcw elp R~pm wohvj wnnkoea c enq c`ynep~rn% Wmn hcknw op gjncr pmcp icopm oe

Dnmlycm ow mnr hlpoycpole* pm Al`* h Al`% -y39/ Wmn ow qojjoea pl ilrwckn mnr ichoj* mnrg~jp~rn* ce` mnr jce` pl kelq Moh% Pmow ow elp wlhn prcewonep nhlpole b~p wmn hcknw gjncr ow c

joinjlea ~egleòpolecj glhhophnep% Op ql~j` bn ~epoj `ncpm% Nyne Eclho gl~j` wnn wmn qcw

wpncìcwpj hoe`n` -y3=/ pl pmow vcpm%

R~pm jnip Hlcb qopm mnr qmljn i~p~rn pon` ~v oe Al` oe c bnppnr gl~epr% El len rncgmn`

l~p pl negl~rcan pmn wl~j li pmow bnc~poi~j l~ea Hlcbopn qo`lq le pmcp rlc` pl Bnpmjnmnh% Op

ow cjwl elpcbjn pmcp Al` ò` elp vrlhown mnr cepmoea wvngoiogcjj* wmn wcq el horcgjn* np pmow

Hlcbopn qlhce ow qojjoea pl ilrwckn cjj ce` pr~wp Al` pl pckn gcrn li mnr% Cjn}ce`nr Hcgjcrne

hcknw c all` gleprcwp*

V~p pmn wqnnp ioa~rn li pmn Hlcbopnww bnwo`n pmn mnrlnw li pmn Bllk li D~ànw* ce` qninnj pmn gleprcwp% B~p ow pmnrn cepmoea oe opw vcanw hlrn pr~j mnrlog pmce mnr `nn`* cw wmn


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p~ren` mnr bcgk le pmn bj~n mojjw li Hlcb* ce` gmlwn pmn dljnww jlp li pmn qo`lqn`

glhvceole li c qo`lq can` ce` vllr* oe c jce` li wprceanrw* pmn nenhonw li mnr gl~epr

ce` opw al`w< Op ow ncwonr icr pl r~wm le pmn wvncrw li pmn iln* cho` pmn qmorj ce` n}gopnhnep

li bcppjn* pmce pl gmllwn qopm lvne nnw wl `rncr c joinjlea vcpm%

R~pmw oe(jcqw ò` elp glewowpnepj vrcgpown icopm ce` io`njop pl Dnmlycm% Op ow chctoea pmcpR~pm ò` qopm pmnor n}chvjn% Pmn orle oe pmow wplr ow pmcp pmn Hlcbopn qlhce mcw hlrn jlyn*

ilrpop~`n* ce` io`njop pl pmn Al` li Owrcnj pmce pmnwn Bnpmjnmnhopnw blre oe pmn vroyojnanw li pmn

Glynecep ecpole% Pmow ow wpojj nyo`nep pl`c oe pmn joynw li hce enq gleynrpw qml mcyn bnne

wcyn` irlh al`jnww bcgkarl~e`w oe gleprcwp pl pmn lipne cvcpmnpog ce` oeglewowpneg wnne oe

pmlwn brl~amp ~v qopmoe Gmrowpoce ichojonw oe Bobjn(bnjonyoea gm~rgmnw% Qn enn` `npnrhoecpole

pl i~jj iljjlq pmn Jlr`% Op rns~ornw c gjnce brnck irlh pmn vcwp li Hlcb% Gmrowpoceop ow elp

wlhn mlbb pmcp l~ gce vogk ~v ce` v~p `lqe cp qojj%

Qmnrn ò` R~pm mncr cbl~p Dnmlycm pmn Glynecep Al` li Owrcnj< Wlhnqmnrn cjlea pmn

joen* Al` mc` rnyncjn` Mohwnji pl mnr cw Mn ò` pl Cbrcmch oe ^r li pmn Gmcj`nnw -Anenwow

3243/% Pohn* g~jp~rn* ce` gorg~hwpcegnw `l elp johop Al`w Wlynrnoae qlrkoeaw li arcgn% Al`

mcw el òiiog~jp rncgmoea pmn jncwp joknj vnlvjn oe pmn jncwp joknj li vjcgnw% Ilr oewpcegn* Rcmcb

ce` pmn vnlvjn li Dnrogml mc` mncr` pmn pr~pmw cbl~p Dnmlycm oe vcace Gcecce bnilrn Owrcnj mc`

crroyn` pmnrn -Dlwm~c 24?(33/%

Pmn `nyoj mc` vjcgn` nynr koe` li lbwpcgjn pl pmow l~ea qlhce bnoea gleynrpn` b~p

Al`w arcgn ow cjqcw arncpnr% R~pm gchn irlh pmn `crkenww li ohhlrcjop ce` o`ljcpr% Wmn cjwl

mc` jlwp mnr m~wbce`* brlpmnr(oe(jcq* ce` icpmnr(oe(jcq* qmogm jnip mnr c vneeojnww* jlenj qo`lq%

Mnr injjlq Hlcbopnww wowpnr(oe(jcq mc` rnp~ren` bcgk cw pmow wnnhn` pmn wnewobjn pmoea pl `l%

Pmn lej bnjonynr gjlwn pl R~pm qcw c bcgkwjo``ne ce` boppnr hlpmnr(oe(jcq% Nyne wmn qcw

cacoewp mnr nhbrcgoea Dnmlycm% _np R~pm wpojj pr~wpn` pmnor Al`% Op pr~j ow c wplr li pmnpro~hvm li Al`w arcgn* Elp b qlrkw li roampnl~wenww qmogm qn mcyn `len* b~p cgglròea pl Mow hnrg Mn

wcyn` ~w -Pop~w 74>c/%

Li gl~rwn* op ow oenyopcbjn pmcp Njohnjngmw ichoj ql~j` mcyn mc` ce oeij~negn le R~pm%

Gnrpcoej qn wnn oe y=(37 pmcp Eclho ~ecwmchn`j broeaw Dnmlycm oepl mnr gleynrwcpole% R~pm

hc cjwl mcyn mncr` pmn ichoj wcoea pmn Wmchcm li @n~pnrlelh 940 lr Eclho gl~j` mcyn

qopenwwn` pl mnr òrngpj% Op ow oepnrnwpoea pmcp R~pm wcw* pm Al`* h Al` ohvjoea pmcp cp jncwp

wlhn cwvngpw li Eclhow rnjcpolewmov qopm Al` oeij~negn` R~pmw `ngowole% Eclho hc mcyn

bnne bcgkwjo``ne b~p Al` gce nyne qlrk pmrl~am l~r icoj~rnw ilr Mow ajlr ce` pnwpohle% Pmcp

`lnw elp n}g~wn l~r icoj~rnw* b~p op vrlynw pmcp pmn `l elp johop Al`% Oe`nn`* Al` pllk c

bcgkwjo``ne vrlvmnp Dlecm ce` ~wn` pmow ohvnringp oewpr~hnep pl broea cbl~p c arncp rnyoycj oe

Eoenynm% Lipne Al`w cgpw li gmcwpownhnep le Mow gmoj rne b ciijogpole gce bn arcgn pl qoe

lpmnrw pl Gmrowp% Pmn Vwcjhowp wmlqn` mlq icr Al` gce qlrk all` pmrl~am nyoj* W~rnj pmn

qrcpm li hce wmcjj vrcown Pmnn -Vwcjh 19436c/%

Len lpmnr pml~amp h~wp bn glewo`nrn` mnrn% Eclho ce` R~pm blpm joyn` pmrl~am pmn

wchn gorg~hwpcegnw oe Hlcb% Pmnor w~iinroeaw vcrcjjnjn` len celpmnr% Blpm jlwp bnjlyn`

wvl~wnw ce` qnrn jnip qo`lqw ce` `nwpop~pn% _np* cjpml~am blpm gl~j` wnn pmn qlrkoeaw li c

Wlynrnoae Al` pmn blpm gchn pl ynr òiinrnep glegj~wolew% Eclho rnglaeotn` pmn Mce` li

Al` oe gmcwpownhnep ce` il~e` d~wp boppnrenww ce` nhvpoenww% Wmn pnwpoion` pl R~pm* d~wp bnilrn

mnr hcaeoiognep vjnàn li y39(31* li mnr boppnrenww cw pmn mce` li pmn JLR@ ow alen l~p cacoewp hn


18/54

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-y37b/% R~pm gl~j` cjwl wnn pmn Mce` li Al` ce` oepnrvrnpn` pmn gmcwpownhnep li Al` cw arcgn

pl `rcq mnr pl Owrcnj% Tonwjnr v~p op qnjj*

Eclho mc` gmlwne pl ilg~w le qmcp wmn òèp mcyn* ce` mc` arlqe cear ce` boppnr ce`

mc` cww~hn` Al` òèp jlyn mnr% R~pm mc` gmlwne pl ilg~w le qmcp wmn ò` mcyn ce` qcw

pmceki~j* bngc~wn nynrpmoea mc` gmcean`% Wmn mc` arlqe ~v cw c qlrwmovnr li c `nhlece` wmn elq kenq pmn Al` li Owrcnj% Wmn mc` arlqe ~v chlea c vnlvjn qml mc` el

i~p~rn* ce` wmn elq mc` pmn vlwwobojop li dloeoea pmn vnlvjn li Al`* pmn mnorw li pmn

vrlhown* pmn lenw pl qmlh pmn Jcq mc` bnne aoyne* pmn lenw irlh qmlh Hnwwocm ql~j`

glhn% Wmn mc` pmn lvvlrp~eop pl mcyn qmcp wmn mc` enynr mc`4 wpcp~w oe Owrcnj* oepohcg

qopm Al`* c pr~n irone % Wmn òèp mcyn c m~wbce`* b~p pmcp qcw lkc% Wmn qcw arcpni~j

ilr qmcp wmn mc`% Wmn cecjtn` join 3=6 `narnnw lvvlwopn li pmn qc Eclho cecjtn` join%

Op gnrpcoej wmlqw ~w pmcp qn wml~j` d~àn pmn qlrkoeaw li Al` b Wgrovp~rn elp

engnwwcroj b mlq lpmnrw* nwvngocjj bcgkwjo`nrw* oepnrvrnp op% Pmow oego`nep cjwl `nhlewprcpnw

pmcp Al` pcknw gcrni~j elpn li l~r rncgpolew pl procjw ce` òiiog~jponw% Prob~jcpole ce`

gmcwpownhnep gce hckn ~w lr brnck ~w%

Qmne wmn wcq pmcp wmn qcw w p n` icw p j hoe`n` p l al q o pm mn r * pmne wmn j n i p wvnckoea ~epl mn r % -y3=/_l~ ql~j` mcyn pml~amp pmcp cipnr w~gm c vlqnri~j ce` nhlpolecj glynecepcj vjnàn li

c`mnrnegn pl pmn Al` li Owrcnj ce` jlyoea `nylpole pl bn qopm mnr qo`lqn` hlpmnr(oe(jcq* pmcp

Eclho ql~j` mcyn rngovrlgcpn`% Pl`c* vnlvjn irchn pmn wpcpnhnep li R~pmw oe y39(31 le

pmnor qcjjw% _np* Eclho d~wp cbr~vpj wplvw wvnckoea pl mnr cw wmn gl~j` wnn pmcp pmow qlhce qcw

rnwlj~pn oe mnr icopm% Qcw wmn ~vwnp wpojj cp mcyoea ce n}prc b~r`ne pl knnv oe Bnpmjnmnh/% R~pmw rnp~re qopm mnr qojj cjwl

broea oe pmn joen li @cyo` ce` ~jpohcpnj pmn Hnwwocm% Lrvcm ce` R~pm hc`n gropogcj `ngowolew oe

pmow gmcvpnr% Op ò` elp cvvncr woaeoiogcep pl celen qcpgmoea pmn wgnen le pmn `~wp rlc` bcgk

pl Bnpmjnmnh b~p pohn ql~j` rnyncj opw ohvlrpcegn%

Len wmov wcojw NcwpCe` celpmnr Qnwp*B pmn wn j iwchn qoe`w pmcp bjlq;!Pow pmn wnp l i pmn wcojw *Ce` elp pmn acjnw *Pmcp pn j jw pmnh pmn qc pl al#

Jokn pmn qoe`w li pmn wncCrn pmn qcynw l i Pohn*Cw qn ylcan cjlea pmrl~am j o in ;!Pow pmn wnp l i pmn wl~jPmcp `npnrhoenw pmn alcj*Ce` elp pmn gcjh lr pmn wpr o in #


19/54

3?

S^NWPOLEW ILR @OWG^WWOLE?% Qmcp njnhnepw li pr~n gleynrwole `l qn wnn oe R~pmw join< Mlq `lnw wmn nyo`negn J~kn

?4>1(92 wmn ql~j` mcyn rngcjjn` pmcp pmn arcgn li Al` wqnnpnen` pmn boppnrenww% Mn pmne vrlyo`n` oe

N}l`~w 3>421 c vjcgn gcjjn` Njoh qopm wvroeaw li qcpnr ce` vcjh prnnw% Joknqown Al` qcw

lrgmnwprcpoea nynepw pl vrlyo`n R~pm ilr mnr qml ql~j` nynep~cjj bn pmn oewpr~hnep li arcgn

pmcp ql~j` prcewilrh elp d~wp mnr i~p~rn b~p pmn i~p~rn li pmow qlrj` pmrl~am pmn Hnwwocm% Lipne

qn `l pmn wchn ce` ilranp pl gl~ep l~r bjnwwoeaw% Qn enn` pl `l qmcp Vc~j c`yown` pmn

Pmnwwcjleogcew* oe nynr pmoea aoyn pmcekw -3 Pmnwwcjleocew >43=/% Wv~ranle lbwnrynw*

Al` gce wlle gmcean l~r wqnnpw oepl boppnrw* pmnrnilrn jnp ~w bn m~hbjn; b~p Mn gce qopm

ns~cj ncwn prcewilrh l~r boppnrw oepl wqnnpw* pmnrnilrn jnp ~w bn mlvni~j% Op ow ynr ~w~cj ilr

Eclho ce` Hcrc* wqnnp ce` boppnr* pl hnnp oe pmn wchn vnrwle% Mn qml qcw gcjjn`

Bnedchoe* lr pmn wle li mow icpmnrw roamp mce`* qcw iorwp gcjjn` Bneleo* lr pmn wle li

wlrrlq% Pmn glhilrpw li Al`!w arcgn crn cjj pmn wqnnpnr qmne pmn iljjlq pmn prl~bjnw li

join%

Wl Eclho r n p~ren`* ce` R~pm pmn Hlcbo p n w w * mn r `c~amp n r oe jcq* q o pm mn r * qmo gm r n p~ren` l~p l i pmn gl~ep r l i Hlcb4 ce` pmn gchn p l Bn pm j nmnh oe pmn bna oee oea l i bcr j n mcry n w p % -y22/

Pmn ecrrcplr cp pmn ne` li pmn `crkenww ce` wlrrlq li gmcvpnr len vloepw pl c wjoynr li

mlvn ilr Eclho% Vrlyo`negn a~o`nw pmnh pl Bnpmjnmnh elp cp pmn ne` lr nyne pmn ho``jn li pmn

mcrynwp b~p oe pmn bnaoeeoea li bcrjn mcrynwp% Cw Jjn lbwnryn`*

Mc` Eclho ce` R~pm glhn bnilrn mcrynwp pmn ql~j` bnne oe òiiog~jp ilr hncew pl

w~vvlrp pmnhwnjynw% Mc` R~pm glhn cipnr mcrynwp wmn ql~j` mcyn howwn` pmn lvvlrp~eop

li hnnpoea Blct% _l~ wnn* wmn qcw oe pmn roamp vjcgn cp pmn roamp pohn ilr cjj pmn bjnwwoeaw pmcp qnrn pl

iljjlq% Al` oe Mow vrlyo`negn qcw qlrkoea ilr mnr%

Al` b pmnwn m~hbjoea vrlyo`negnw mc` hc`n el howpckn oe a~oòea pmnh mlhn d~wp cp

pmow pohn% Mow pohoea ow enynr lii% Pmn mcrynwp qcw c pohn li mlvn* cgpoyop* ce` enq bnaoeeoeaw%

Oe Eclhow n}gr~gocpoea vcoe* Al` qcw cp qlrk% Pmn rncjop qcw pmcp blpm Eclho ce` R~pm qnrn

cgp~cjj cp pmn bnaoeeoea li pmn hlwp i~jiojjoea pohnw li pmnor joynw%

D~àn elp pmn Jlr` b innbjn wnewn*

B~p pr~wp Moh ilr Mow arcgn;

Bnmoe` c irlqeoea vrlyo`negnMn mo`nw c whojoea icgn%

Mow v~rvlwnw qojj rovne icwp*

êiljòea nynr ml~r;

Pmn b~` hc mcyn c boppnr pcwpn*

B~p wqnnp qojj bn pmn ijlqnr%


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27

Cp jncwp Eclho rnglaeotn` pmcp Al` qcw bnmoe` mnr gorg~hwpcegnw% Pll hce icoj pl wnn

pmow% Qn gce enynr p~re c glrenr oe join ce` òwglynr pmcp Al` ow cbwnep% Oi qn `lep wnn pmcp

pmne join ql~j` bn glhilrpjnww% Pmlhcw vloepw l~p*

Al` ow oe nynr `npcoj ce` nynr gorg~hwpcegn* ce` nyne oe pmn vcoe* ce` nyne oe pmn m~rp*

ce` nyne oe pmn prcan`; ce` pmcp pmow cjwl ow vcrp li Mow `loea* bngc~wn Mn oepne`w pl i~jiojj cvjce pmcp ow icr arncpnr pmce qn gce nynr ohcaoen% Pmn vjce* li gl~rwn* qcw pmn borpm li Dnw~w

Gmrowp* oe pmn jlea r~e* pmrl~am pmn joencan li R~pm ce` Blct%

Lipne oe l~r procjw qn gled~rn ~v pmn qlrwp vlwwobjn oepnrvrnpcpolew oe l~r hoe`w% Qn

ilranp pmn vrlhownw li Al` jokn Rlhcew =42= cjj pll s~ogkj% Elpmoea gce pl~gm l~r joynw pmcp

Al` `lnw elp vnrhop ce` elpmoea gce pmqcrp Al`w ~jpohcpn `nwoaew ilr ~w% Qn crn elp jnip pl

pmn qoe`w li icpn% Hne hc cgp oe nyoj qcw b~p Al`w lynrr~joea mce` ow cp qlrk nynrqmnrn oe

l~r icjjne qlrj`% Mow wlynrnoaep n}pne`w pl pmn cgpw li ~ebnjonynrw* icjjne ceanjw* ce` nyne pmn

`nyoj% Pmow pr~pm enn w pl bn wnppjn` oe ncgm li l~r hoe`w% Oi qn `lep arcwv op* pmne l~r joynw qojj

bn glei~wn` ce` gmclpog%

Pmnrn crn pohnw oe join qmne nynepw wnnh pl bn l~p li gleprlj% Len li pmn arncp `ceanrw oe

l~r joynw ow pl d~àn c hcppnr irlh pmn bnaoeeoea rcpmnr pmce pmn ne % Pmnrn ow c ynr m~hce

vrlvnewop oe cjj li ~w pl d~àn qmcp qn gceelp wnn b qmcp qn gce wnn% Wl pmow ow qmnrn icopm oe

Al`w vrlhownw w~gm cw Rlhcew =42= ow wl rnjnycep% Qn gceelp cylo` arlqoea lj`* b~p qn gce cp

jncwp cylo` arlqoea glj`%

_l~ hc bn oe c icr gl~epr jokn Hlcb l~p li pmn qojj li Al` ilr hce ncrw* b~p ce gmoj`

li Al` qml pr~j rnvnepw qojj cjqcw ioe` c qnjglhn irlh Al`% Cw Mn plj` òwlbnònep Owrcnj*

Glhn elq* ce` jnp ~w rncwle planpmnr* wcopm pmn JLR@4 pml~am l~r woew bn cw wgcrjnp* pmn wmcjj bn cw qmopn cw

welq; pml~am pmn bn rn` jokn grohwle* pmn wmcjj bn cw qllj -Owcocm 343=/%

GMCVPNR PQL

Ce` Eclho mc` c koewhce l i mn r m~wbce`!w * c hoamp hce l i qncj pm * l i pmn icho j l i N j ohn j n gm ; ce` m o wechn qcw Blct% -y3/

Pmnwn iorwp inq ynrwnw li pmow wngle` gmcvpnr crn gjcwwog ojj~wprcpolew li pmn `lgproen li

vrlyo`negn oe pmow bllk% Al` ow qncyoea planpmnr ycrol~w wprce`w li gorg~hwpcegnw pmrl~am pmn

joynw li pmrnn lròecr vnlvjn4 Eclho* R~pm* ce` Blct% Qopm Al` cp pmn mnjh pmoeaw crn elpencrj cw bjnck cw Eclho w~aanwpn` le mnr crroycj%

Eclho elq wnnhw pl ic`n oe vrlhoenegn qopm R~pm bnglhoea oegrncwoeaj pmn ilgcj vloep

li pmn wplr% Hlwp li gmcvpnr pql ow pckne ~v qopm c 20 ml~r vnrol`% Cjpml~am pmn nynepw qojj

wnnh oewoaeoiogcep* cjj qojj mcyn npnrecj woaeoiogcegn% Qmne qn anp pl mncyne qn qojj wnn pmn i~jj

bolarcvmonw li l~r joynw ce` mlq Al` lrgmnwprcpn` nynr nynep ilr pmn ~jpohcpn all`%

Pmow ow pmn iorwp pohn qn crn oeprl`~gn` pl Blct% Mn cvvncrw elq cw celpmnr vongn li pmn

doawcq pmcp ow pckoea wmcvn bnilrn l~r nnw% Pmn icgp pmcp mn ow oeprl`~gn` cw c koewhce ce` c

hoamp hce li qncjpm oeilrhw ~w li c e~hbnr li pmoeaw% Op iorwpj ~e`nrjoenw pmn icgp pmcp

Njohnjngmw vjoamp qcw elp `nwvnrcpn qmne mn qnep pl Hlcb% Wngle`j* op vrlyo`nw celpmnr rcli mlvn pl Eclho ce` R~pmw wnnhoeaj `crk gorg~hwpcegnw% Pmow rc qojj anp broampnr cw pmn


24/54

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wplr ~eilj`w% Pmor`j* op oeprl`~gnw ~w pl pmow al j hce qmlh Al` qojj a~o`n pl hcrrocan qopm

c al`j l~ea qlhce irlh Hlcb%

Op ow elp kelqe qm Eclho ò` elp cvvncj pl pmow al`j ce` anenrl~w hce ilr ohhnòcpn

mnjv% Oe y26 op ow lbyol~w wmn kenq li mow rnjcpolewmov pl mnr ichoj% Qcw op vro`n lr qcw wmn wpojj

nhboppnrn` pmcp wmn qcw elp pmoekoea gjncrj< Elpqopmwpceòea* qn h~wp wnn Al` cp qlrk mnrn%Oe Mow vnringp qow`lh Mn qojj broea pmow qle`nri~j gl~vjn planpmnr qopml~p ce wgmnhnw li

hcew ohcaoecpole wl pmcp Al` anpw pmn arncpnwp ajlr% O carnn qopm HgAnnw cwwnwwhnep* Pmnrn

ow elp c hlrn qoewlhn gmcrcgpnr vrnwnepn` oe pmn Lj` Pnwpchnep pmce Blct* ce` pmnrn ow elp c

hlrn jlynj qlhce oe pmn Bobjn pmce R~pm%

Ce` R~pm pmn Hlcbo p n w w wc o` ~epl Eclho * Jn p hn elq al p l pmn i o n j` * ce` a j nce ncr w l i gl re c i p n r m oh oeqmlw n w o am p O wmcj j i oe` arcgn % Ce` wmn wc o` ~epl mn r * Al * h `c~amp n r % -y2/

R~pm `lnw elp wop crl~e` hlceoea mnr òiiog~jp gorg~hwpcegnw% Lej len `llr ow

vrlyo`nepocjj lvne pl mnr cp pmcp hlhnep% Wmn mcw icopm oe Al` ce` ~pojownw mnr Al`(aoyne

qow`lh pl joyn b mnr icopm b pckoea Al` cp Mow qlr % Wmn elq kelqw Dnmlycm qml Hlwnw

rngcjjn`* Mn `lpm n}ng~pn pmn d~àhnep li pmn icpmnrjnww ce` qo`lq* ce` jlynpm pmn wprceanr* oe aoyoea moh ill`

ce` rcohnep -@n~pnrlelh 3643=/% @o` R~pm mncr pmcp Al` mc` oewpr~gpn` Mow vnlvjn pl cjjlq

pmn vllr pl ajnce< -Jnyopog~w 3?4?(36; @n~pnrlelh 2043?(22/ Gnrpcoej wmn qcw cqcrn li cp jncwp

wlhn li pmow cw op qcw R~pm qml pllk pmn oeopocpoyn* Jnp hn elq al pl pmn ionj`* ce` ajnce ncrw li glre

cipnr moh oe qmlwn woamp O wmcjj ioe` arcgn% -y2/

Ajnceoea qcw c Al`(lr`coen` qnjicrn ilr qlrk vrlarchhn pl cwwowp pmn vllr ce` enn`

oe Owrcnj% Op rnyncjw pmn glegnre li Dnmlycm ilr pmn vllr chleawp Al`w vnlvjn% Op ow all` ilr

Al`w vnlvjn pl glewo`nr pmlwn qml crn jnww qnjj lii pmce pmnh% Cipnr cjj nynr all` aoip ce` nynrvnringp aoip ow irlh cblyn* ce` glhnpm `lqe irlh pmn Icpmnr% -Dchnw 3431/ Pmn Cvlwpjn oewpr~gpn` pmn

Acjcpocew* Cw qn mcyn pmnrnilrn lvvlrp~eop* jnp ~w `l all` ~epl cjj hne* nwvngocjj ~epl pmnh qml crn li pmn

ml~wnmlj` li icopm -Acjcpocew 9436/% Oe l~r nglelh pmn gleynepolecj qow`lh ow elp pl g~p glrenrw

ce` w~ryoycj li pmn ioppnwp ow pmn hc}oh% Pmow wml~j` elp bn pmn pmoekoea li Gmrowpocew%

Ajnceoea qcw elp pmn hlwp cpprcgpoyn lvpole% Op qcw m~hojocpoea* òiiog~jp* ce` poroea qlrk

oe pmn mlp Ho``jn Ncwpnre w~ewmoen% Bnjonynrw crn enynr negl~rcan` pl bn jct oe pmn Bobjn%

Pmn crn pl wnryn* qmnrnynr vrlyo`negn vjcgnw pmnh pl pmn ajlr li Al`% Dlwnvm il~e` mohwnji c

l~ea hce newjcyn` oe c ilrnoae jce` qopm c òiinrnep jcea~can* g~jp~rn* ce` qlrk vrcgpognw irlh

mow rnjcpoynj vchvnrn` n}owpnegn cw c rogm hcew icyl~rn` wle oe Gcecce% Mlqnynr* rcpmnr pmce

w~jk ce` bnglhn nhboppnrn` cp mow gorg~hwpcegnw mn wnotn` pmn lvvlrp~eop pl wnryn ilr pmn ajlr

li Al`% Qopmoe c `ngc`n mn qcw vrlhlpn` pl bnglhn mnc` li Vlpovmcrw nwpcpn%

Ajnceoea qcw nwvngocjj `ceanrl~w ilr ce cpprcgpoyn l~ea qlhce oe pmn pohnw li pmn

D~ànw qmne hne pllk qmcp pmn jokn` ce` o` qmcp pmn jokn`% Qn rnc` oe pmn bllk li D~ànw

li hne oe Aobncm cgpoea jokn pmn hne li Wl`lh ce` li Jnyopnw qml mc` gleg~boenw ce`

b~pgmnrn` pmnh% B~p R~pm bnjonyn` pmcp pmow qcw mnr Icpmnrw qlrj` wl oi Al` òrngpn` mnr pl

pmow qlrk pmne Mn gl~j` bn pr~wpn` pl pckn gcrn li mnr% @l~bpjnww* wmn vrcn` bnilrn wmn jnip

mlhn ilr Al`w òrngpole ce` vrlpngpole%

Op ow elp nepornj gjncr qm Eclho ò` elp al qopm mnr% Gnrpcoej pql ql~j` bn wcinr ce`

Eclho kelqw pmn jlgcj crnc bnppnr% Wmn cjwl mcw pmn c`ycepcan li bnoea qnjj kelqe% Wlhn pmoek


25/54

2>

pmcp wmn ow pll lj` cw wmn pnwpoion` oe 3432* O ch pll lj` pl mcyn ce m~wbce` b~p wmn qcw cbjn pl

hckn pmn dl~ren irlh Hlcb wl wmn gceelp bn pmcp nj`nrj lr ircoj% Op ow joknj pmcp wmn ow wpojj

`nvrnwwn` ce` glew~hn` b wnji% Wmn hcknw el rninrnegn pl pmn `ceanrw oe pmn ionj`w pmcp Blct

qcw cqcrn cbl~p%

Elpqopmwpceòea* R~pm `lnw elp glhvjcoe b~p arcgol~wj liinrw pl al ce` qlrk ilr blpmpmnor qnjjbnoea% Wmn qcepn` pl bn qopm Eclho ce` `lnwep hoe` wcgroiogoea ilr mnr bnjlyn`

hlpmnr(oe(jcqw bneniop% Mnr icopm ow c joyoea icopm li all` qlrkw cw Dchnw jcpnr n}vjcoen`* V~rn

rnjoaole ce` ~e`niojn` bnilrn Al` ce` pmn Icpmnr ow pmow* Pl yowop pmn icpmnrjnww ce` qo`lqw oe pmnor ciijogpole* ce`

pl knnv mohwnji ~ewvlppn` irlh pmn qlrj` -Dchnw 3421/% êwnne b mnr* Al` iorwp elpn` mnr wnjijnww

jcbl~r% Ynr wlle Mn ql~j` òrngp pmn cppnepole li c hce echn` Blct pl op%

R~pm `lnw elp r~wm oepl pmow jcbl~r% Qownj ce` hnnkj wmn wnnkw pmn gl~ewnj li len

qmlh Al` mcw vjcgn` lynr mnr oe c~pmlrop* Jnp hn elq al% Pmn ionj`w qnrn elp wcin vjcgnw pl

r~wm l~p oepl qopml~p pmn c`yogn li n}vnronegn% Cw ce cpprcgpoyn Hlcbopn qo`lq* qopm el m~hce

hncew li `ninegn* R~pm ql~j` bn c y~jenrcbjn pcranp ilr ce ~ewgr~v~jl~w vnrwle oe pmlwn

jcqjnww `cw% Mnr `nworn qcw pl bn b~w b~p lej cw wlle cw vrlyo`negn vnrhoppn`% Wmn ow elp

v~wm lr vrnw~hvp~l~w% Eclho rnwvle`w koe`j qopm Al* h `c~ampnr% -y2/

R~pm ow m~hbjn ce` pcknw pmn oeopocpoyn b cgkelqjnàoea Al` ce` cjjlqoea Moh pl òrngp

mnr vcpm% Wmn `lnw mnr `~p pl mlel~r mnr hlpmnr(oe(jcq ce` pmne jncynw Al` pl pckn gcrn li

pmn glewns~negnw% Op ow oepnrnwpoea pmcp wmn ~wnw pmn qlr` arcgn% R~pm mc` n}vnronegn` pmn

arcgn li Al` pl wcyn mnr ce` elq wmn ow qojjoea pl cjjlq pmn wchn arcgn pl a~o`n mnr nynr wpnv%

Oi wmn `lnw pmcp* Al` qojj enynr jnp mnr `lqe* cw Mn `njoampw pl rnqcr` w~gm icopm%


32% Qm `l qn pmoek hlrn cbl~p pmn Jlr` oe òiiog~jp pohnw(1/

Qmne R~pm wnp l~p ilr pmn ionj`w pmcp hlreoea wmn `nworn` pmcp wmn ql~j` ioe` arcgn -y2b/%

Wmn qcw qcjkoea cjlea oe glhh~eole qopm mnr Wcyol~r vrcoea pmcp wmn ql~j` ioe` nel~am arcgn

wl pmcp wmn ce` Eclho gl~j` ncp ilr pmcp `c% êbnkelqe pl mnr* Al` ql~j` ~wn Blct cw pmn

oewpr~hnep li arcgn pl c hncw~rn wmn gl~j` elp mcyn ohcaoen`% Cjj li l~r joynw crn hc`n ~v li

w~vvlwn` wohvjn gmlognw pmcp Al` ~wnw ilr vrlil~e` glewns~negnw%

Blct qcw elp c hce qml qcw glew~hn` qopm b~woenww b~p mn elpn` ce` gcrn` ilr vnlvjn*

oegj~òea mow qlrknrw% I~rpmnr nyo`negn li pmow ow mow oepnrnwp oe pmn m~hbjn ajncenr qlrkoea oe

mow ionj`% R~pm hc bn c Hlcbopn qo`lq ce` pmn lvvlwopn ne` pl Blct oe pmn wlgocj wvngpr~h oe

Bnpmjnmnh b~p pmcp ò` elp hckn moh oeòiinrnep pl mnr% Elr qcw mn mlwpojn pl celpmnr ajncenr

lbpcoeoea bneniop irlh mow w~bwpcegn% Op ow lipne lbwnryn` pmcp vnlvjn `lep gcrn mlq h~gm l~kelq ~epoj pmn wnn mlq h~gm l~ gcrn% @l l~ ane~oenj mcyn oepnrnwp oe lpmnr vnrwlew< @l

l~ elpogn wprceanrw glhoea oepl pmn Gm~rgm lr `l pmn `nvcrp ~eelpogn` ce` ~eqnjglhn% Qmcp `lnw pmow vcwwcan pncgm l~ cbl~p pmn qlrkoeaw li Al`w vrlyo`negn/

Qn joyn oe c `c qmne vnlvjn* nyne bnjonynrw* `nhce` qmcp pmn innj crn pmnor roampw%

Vovnr vloepw l~p*Wmn ow ynr òiinrnep irlh hlwp vnlvjn pl`c% Qn n}vngp koeènww ce` crn cwpleowmn` ce`

rnwnepi~j oi qn `lep anp l~r roampw% B~p R~pm n}vrnwwnw mnr wnewn li ~eqlrpmoenww b

icjjoea le mnr icgn ce` blqoea pl pmn arl~e`% Vrl~` vnlvjn `lep wc pmcekw% M~hbjn

vnlvjn crn hc`n nyne hlrn m~hbjn b bnoea prncpn` arcgol~wj% Arcgn ow elp oepne`n` pl

joip ~w l~p li jlqjoenww% Opw oepne`n` pl hckn ~w mcvv oe Al`%

Op ow qlrpm lbwnryoea cp pmow vloep pmn arncp qow`lh li Al`w vrlyo`negn% Blct qcw pmn

wle li Rcmcb pmn mcrjlp% Wmn qcw c Anepojn vrlwnjpn irlh Dnrogml% Irlh w~gm c joencan* pmow

hce ow joknj pl bn nwvngocjj icyl~rcbjn pl pmn enn`w li celpmnr Anepojn vrlwnjpn jokn R~pm% Oe c

pohn qmne Owrcnjopn hne ql~j` joknj bn cynrwn pl hcrroea c Anepojn qo`lq* Blct ql~j` elpengnwwcroj mcyn pmn wchn oep~opoyn rndngpole%


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Oe mnr iorwp negl~epnr qopm Blct* R~pm ioe`w arcgn ce` koeènww irlh pmow al`j hce% Wmn

oe p~re rnwvle`w oe hnnkenww ce` m~hojop% Op ow oepnrnwpoea pl elpn oe vcwwoea pmcp Blctw arncp

arce`wle* @cyo` qcw cjwl c koe` ce` anenrl~w hce -2 Wch~nj ?/% Mn cjwl vrlyn` pl bn c hnnk

ce` m~hbjn hce -2 Wch~nj 143=(3?/% Pmnwn s~cjoponw gce mcyn c glepoe~oea jnacg oe glynecep

ichojonw%

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jce` l i pm ecp oy o p * ce` cr p glhn ~epl c vnlvj n qmo gm pml~ kenqnw p el p mn r n p l il r n % Pmn JLR@ rn glhvnew npm qlrk* ce` c i~ j j r nqcr` bn a oy ne pmn n l i pmn JLR@ Al` l i O w rcn j * ~e`nr qmlw n q oeaw pml~ cr p glhn p l

p r~w p % -y33(32/Blctw rnvj elp lej `nhlewprcpnw pmcp mn ow ichojocr qopm R~pmw mowplr* b~p pmcp mn

~e`nrwpce`w pmn wvorop~cj woaeoiogcegn li pmow wpnv li icopm oe jncyoea Hlcb oeyljyn` icopm oe

Dnmlycm* ~e`nr qmlwn qoeaw pml~ crp glhn pl pr~wp% Pmow hnpcvmlr vogp~rnw bnc~poi~jj pmn pne`nrgcrn li pmn Cjhoamp ilr Mow gmoj`rne% Ecp~rcjj* cw pmn wle li celpmnr Anepojn vrlwnjpn Blct

ql~j` bn glaeowcep li pmcp icgp pmcp mnr hoarcpole qcw hlrn pmce iojocj koeènww pl Eclho%

Blct ow c hce qml jllkw l~p ilr ce mn gce bjnww blpm oe qlr` ce` oe `nn`% Mn wnnw

mohwnji cw vroyojnan` pl bn c bjnwwoea pl lpmnrw oe Al`w koea`lh% Mow qlr`w crn i~jj li arcgn

ce` negl~rcanhnep ilr lpmnrw% Qn pne` pl ilranp mlq vlqnri~j qlr`w gce bn nyne oe l~r `coj

joynw%

Qn gceelp mnjv b~p elpogoea cacoe mlq Blct qncynw oe pmn echn li pmn Jlr` oepl pmow

gmcegn gleynrwcpole qopm c mnjvjnww qo`lq oe mow ionj` li b~woenww% Mow wpcpnhnep ow oe niingp c

vrcnr li bjnwwoea ~vle mnr* Pmn JLR@ rnglhvnewn pm qlrk% Mlqnynr* qmcp Blct `lnw elpkelq ow pmcp mn qojj bn Al`w oewpr~hnep pl niingp c arncp vcrp li pmow bjnwwoea ~vle pmow qlhce%

Qmne qn vrc* qn enn` pl rnhnhbnr pl bn qojjoea pl bn pmn cewqnr%

@nwvopn pmn icgp pmcp R~pm mcw d~wp crroyn`* qopml~p c VR canep* mnr pnwpohle ow cjrnc`

elpogncbjn% Gmcrcgpnr ohvrnwwnw vnlvjn ce` qlr` prcynjjn` icwp oe c vjcgn jokn Bnpmjnmnh% Cw

len qropnr wco`* Vnlvjn jllk cp hn wo} `cw c qnnk pl wnn qmcp O hnce le pmn wnynepm `c%

Nynrbl` crl~e` R~pm mcw c moam lvoeole li mnr* n}gnvp wmn mnrwnji% R~pm ce` Blct wnp

oegrnòbj moam wpce`cr`w ilr ~w mnrn oe pmow gmcvpnr% Pmn Bnpmjnmnhopnw li pmow qlrj` mcyn

pmnor nnw le pmn gmoj rne li pmn Koea% Qmcp ql~j` pmn rnvlrp li l~ pmow qnnkb/

Eclho gl~j` `n`~gn irlh pmn s~cepop pmcp wlhnlen mc` `njobnrcpnj wl~amp pl bn c

bjnwwoea b cwwowpoea mnr% Qopml~p nyne kelqoea pmn echn li pmn vnrwle* wmn oewpoegpoynj vrcw c

bjnwwoea le Blct% Pmcp ow c all` cppop~`n pl mcyn% Pmow ow pmn iorwp oeògcpole pmcp Eclhow mncrp

ow elq gmceaoea% Pmn boppnrenww li Hcrcm ow aloea pl bn wqnnpnen` oe mnr wl~j% Rcw li joampbnaoe pl wmoen le mnr vrnyol~wj aronyn` mncrp%

Ce` Eclho wc o` ~epl mn r `c~amp n r ( oe ( jcq* Bjn w w n` bn mn l i pmn JLR@* qml mcpm el p j n i p l i i m o w koeènw w p lpmn j o y oea ce` p l pmn `nc`% Ce` Eclho wc o` ~epl mn r * Pmn hce o w encr l i k oe ~epl ~w * len l i l~r en}p

koewhne% -y26/Cgpw li koeènww gce lipne mcyn c icr arncpnr bneniop pmce qn gce ohcaoen% Al` qojj ~wn

Blctw anenrlwop pl wlipne pmn boppnr mncrp li Eclho% Wmn bnaoew pl òwgnre pmn arcgol~w Mce`

li vrlyo`negn* Bjnwwn` bn mn li pmn JLR@* qml mcpm elp jnip lii mow koeènww pl pmn joyoea ce` pl pmn `nc`%

D~wp c wmlrp pohn bnilrn* Eclho boppnrj rnijngpn`* Gcjj hn elp Eclho* gcjj hn Hcrc4 ilr pmn Cjhoamp

mcpm `ncjp ynr boppnrj qopm hn% -3426/

Al` mc` elp gmcean`* b~p Eclhow vnrwvngpoyn mc`% Wmn elq wnnw Mow cpprob~pnw li jlyn

ce` hnrg% Al` ow cjqcw icopmi~j oe pckoea gcrn li Mow gmoj`rne% Pmow qlr` koeènww mnrn ow

pmn Mnbrnq mnwn`* qmogm ow c glynecepcj qlr` nhvmcwotoea pmn jlyoea icopmi~jenww li Al`%

Eclho ow bnaaoea pl rnhnhbnr pmcp Al` vrlhownw* nc* O mcyn jlyn` pmnn qopm ce nynrjcwpoea

jlyn% Pmn qmljn bllk li R~pm ow ce ojj~wprcpole li pmn mnwn`li Al % Wlhnpohnw qn hc elp

innj pmow* b~p cw Vc~j rnhoe`n` ~w* B~p h Al` wmcjj w~vvj cjj l~r enn` cgglròea pl Mow rogmnw oe ajlr

b Gmrowp Dnw~w -Vmojovvocew 043?/%

Op ow nwvngocjj all` qmne lpmnr vnlvjn gce wnn ~w cw Al`w oewpr~hnep li arcgn oe pmnor


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joynw% Al` qcw ~woea blpm Blct ce` R~pm pl p~re Eclhow boppnrenww oepl arcpop~`n ce` mlvn%

Pmow rninrnegn pl pmn encr koewmov li Blct hc bn ce oeògcpole pmcp c pml~amp ow bnaoeeoea pl

ilrh~jcpn oe Eclhow hoe`* cw pl c vlwwobjn hcpgm%

Ce` R~pm pmn Hlcbo p n w w wc o` * Mn wco` ~epl hn c j wl * Pml~ wmcj p kn nv icw p b h l~ea hne * ~ep o j pmn mcynne`n` c j j h mcry n w p % Ce` Eclho wc o` ~epl R~pm mn r `c~amp n r ( oe ( jcq* O p o w all`* h `c~amp n r * pmcp pml~ al

l~p q o pm m o w hco`new * pmcp pmn hnn p pmn n el p oe ce l pmn r i o n j` % -y23(22/R~pm qcw wpojj gjncrj pl~gmn` b pmn hce cgpw li koeènww b Blct% Wmn c``w celpmnr

pmcp li mow glegnre ilr mnr wcinp% Eclho ohhnòcpnj rnglaeotn` pmn qow`lh oe pmow liinr ce`

gleg~rw% Vrnyol~wj wmn mc` oaelrn` pmn jncòeaw li vrlyo`negn oe mnr join b wnnkoea ilr arnnenr

arcww oe Hlcb* b~p elq wmn ow qown nel~am elp pl pr~wp mnr lqe qow`lh mnrn%

Wl wmn knvp icw p b pmn hco`new l i Blct p l a j nce ~epl pmn ne` l i bcr j n mcry n w p ce` l i qmncp mcry n w p ; ce``qn j p q o pm mn r hl pmn r ( oe ( jcq% -y27/Qn wnn celpmnr s~cjop wmoeoea ilrpm oe R~pm mnr w~bhowwole pl mnr nj`nrw ce` pmlwn qopm

arncpnr n}vnronegn% Wmn ò` elp pmoek pmcp wmn kenq bnwp d~wp bngc~wn Al` mc` aoyne mnr

wvorop~cj oewoamp ce` mc` bjnwwn` mnr qlrk%

Oe c`òpole* R~pm vrlynw pmcp wmn mcw vnrwnynrcegn cw wmn jcbl~rw* ~epl pmn ne` li bcrjn

mcrynwp ce` li qmncp mcrynwp% Pmow vnrol` ow crl~e` 7 hlepmw irlh jcpn Hcrgm ~epoj pmn ho``jn li

D~en% Blct cjwl `nhlewprcpnw mow icopmi~jenww oe vnrhoppoea mnr pl ajnce irnnj cp mow lqe

n}vnewn% Hce bnjonynrw oe ce nhlpolecj moam gce jcbl~r inrynepj ilr pmn Jlr` lr gce n}mobop

wvlrcòg cgpw li koeènww% Wc`j* pmow lipne jcwpw d~wp c inq `cw% B~p pmn Gmrowpoce join ow chcrcpmle elp c wvroep#

R~pmw vjnàn pl bn qopm Eclho qcw el prcewonep nhlpole% Elq wmn mcw wlhn vrlwvngpw*

wmn `lnw elp r~e crl~e` wnnkoea c m~wbce` lr c hlrn n}gopoea wlgocj join% Icopmi~jj ce` wnjijnwwj

wmn jcbl~rn` oe pmn mncp li pmn mcrynwp ilr Eclho% Pmn ecrrcplr c``w pmn ioecj wnepnegn pl

`nhlewprcpn mnr glewowpneg* ce` `qnjp qopm mnr hlpmnr(oe(jcq% Blpm Blct ce` R~pm wmlq len

celpmnr pmcp pmn crn glewowpnep oe pmnor glhhophnepw ce` gmcrcgpnrw%

Pmn ioecj vmrcwn cjwl `rcqw pmn rnc`nrw cppnepole pmcp R~pm ow wpojj qopml~p c m~wbce`% B~p

d~wp cw Al` mc` vrlyn` Mow icopmi~jenww oe vrlyoòea w~wpnecegn* wl Mn ql~j` vrlyn icopmi~j oe

pmow en}p wpnv% Eclho ce` R~pm gl~j` pr~wp Moh pl jnc` oe Mow vnringp pohoea oe pmn en}p wpnv%


3=% Qmcp `lnw pmow vcwwcan pncgm l~ cbl~p Al`w icopmi~jenww(

9/

Elp lej gl~j` Blct vlpnepocjj rn`nnh pmn echn b~p cjwl pmn jce` -Jnyopog~w 2>42>/% Blpm

pmnwn pql jcqw ql~j glhn planpmnr oe pmow vjce li Eclhow% Pmn pmrnwmoea ijllrw qnrn 2>(06

innp oe òchnpnr ce` glewpr~gpn` oe n}vlwn` v~bjog vjcgnw pl anp pmn i~jj bneniop li pmn qoe`%

Pmow ql~j` elrhcjj mcyn bnne ~w~cjj jlgcpn` l~pwo`n c plqe% Cp mcrynwp pohn pmn ql~j` bny~jenrcbjn pl cppcgk irlh oeyc`nrw -gi% 3 Wch~nj 2743/% Qn h~wp wnn pmn qc Eclho pml~amp pmow

pmrl~am4

-3/ Op ql~j` bn cipnr Blct mc` mcrynwpn`* ncpne* ce` `r~ek* cw mn ql~j` joknj bn hlrnchnecbjn pl w~gm c vrlvlwopole pmne%

-2/ R~pm qcw pl qcwm mnrwnji ce` celoep wl wmn ql~j` bn irnn irlh pmn whnjjw li pmn mcrynwpjcbl~r% @l~bpjnww pmnwn qnrn pmn ircarcep lojw li pmn Ncwp* qmogm hc`n pmn qncrnr vjncwcep pl

lpmnrw%

-7/ R~pm qcw pl gmcean mnr rcohnep% Nyne pml~am wmn hc elp mcyn c jcran qcr`rlbn* wmnwml~j` jllk mnr bnwp ilr pmow lggcwole% Pmow qcw c gr~gocj negl~epnr%

-0/ R~pm qcw pl jon cp pmn innp li Blct -elp mow wo`n/ ce` cqcop mow oewpr~gpolew% Pmow oeògcpn`mnr hl`nwp ce` w~bhowwole% Cw mn qcw h~gm lj`nr ce` wnnhn` pl bnjonyn wmn ql~j` elp bn

oepnrnwpn` oe moh -7436/* Eclho qcw gleio`nep pmcp Blct ql~j` anp pmn hnwwcan ce` wnotn pmn

oeopocpoyn* ce` mn qojj pnjj pmnn qmcp pml~ wmcjp `l%

QCW ECLHO ROAMP OE PMOW WÂANWPOLE pncgmnw pmcp cp jncwp vcrp li pmow jnyorcpn jcq qcw pl bn

gcrron` l~p oe c v~bjog hceenr bnilrn pmn nj`nrw li pmn gop% Op ow oepnrnwpoea pmcp Blct* qml qcw c

hce li qow`lh ce` oepnarop* `lnw pmcp w~bwns~nepj% Pmow ow w~aanwpoyn pmcp Eclho wml~j` mcyn

w~aanwpn` pmn wchn hnpml` pl R~pm% Oe icgp* Blct wnnhw pl ohvj pmcp ilr R~pm pl bn pmnrn cp

eoamp qcw ~eqown cw mn crrceanw ilr mnr pl jncyn òwgrnnpj pl vrlpngp mnr pnwpohle cw mn wco`*

Jnp op elp bn kelqe pmcp c qlhce gchn oepl pmn ijllr% -y30/ @niioeabc~am vloepw l~p*

Oi pmow qnrn c wpce`cr` hnpml` li vrlvlwoea hcrrocan* pmne qm ql~jèp nynrlen

~e`nrwpce` R~pmw vrnwnegn ce` mnr cgpolew< Qm ql~j` R~pmw bnoea pmnrn pmrncpne pmn

rnv~pcpole li Blct* lr li R~pm(1/Op ow òiiog~jp pl vloep h~gm gropogowh li R~pm ilr pmow% @l~bpjnww* wmn qcw oaelrcep li pmn


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jlgcj g~wplhw ce` mnr mcbop qcw pl w~bhop pl Eclho qopml~p s~nwpole% Hcbn ce `l~bpw wmn

mc` ò` elp incp~rn vrlhoenepj cw wmn qcw gleio`nep li pmn oepnarop li Blct% Qn gce lej

ohcaoen mnr n}gopnhnep ce` pmn pnewole cw wmn iljjlqn` pmnwn oewpr~gpolew pl pmn ynr jnppnr%

Pmnrn wmn vcponepj qcopn` ilr pmn nynepw pl ~eilj`* qmogm h~wp mcyn hc`n mnr v~jwn rcgn pmn

hlrn% Op h~wp bn vloepn` l~p pmcp R~pm hcknw el cppnhvp pl wn`~gn Blct ce` pmn oewvorn`

c~pmlr gmllwnw Mow qlr`w gcrni~jj pl rnhlyn ce prcgn li ohvrlvronp% Ilr oewpcegn* pmrnn

pohnw op ow nhvmcwotn` pmcp R~pm qcw cp pmn innp li Blct%

Pmn wpcpnhnep pmcp Blct qcw hnrr `lnw elp oeògcpn pmcp mn qcw `r~ek lr R~pm qcw

proea pl pckn c`ycepcan li moh% Pmn Mnbrnq qlr` d~wp wohvj hncew dli~j* qmogm ql~j` bn

pmn gcwn qmne mn wcq mlq Al` mc` bjnwwn` moh% Elq cipnr c poroea `c li qlrk ce` i~jj hncj

mn ow glepnep% Mcrynwp pohn qcw len li dl ilr al`j Dnqw -@n~pnrlelh 3943>* Owcocm ?47*

39436/% Gnrpcoej Blctw gjncr pmoekoea qmne mn qlkn ~v `lnw elp oeògcpn pmcp mn qcw `r~ek oe

ce qc% A~cròea pmn mcrynwp oe pmn `ceanrl~w `cw li pmn D~ànw ql~j` bn illjowm oi mn qcw

`r~ek%

Ce` o p gchn p l vcw w cp hoèoamp * pmcp pmn hce qcw c i rc o` * ce` p~ren` m ohwn j i 4 ce`* bnml j` * c qlhce jc cpm o w i n n p % Ce` mn wc o` * Qml cr p pml~< Ce` wmn cewqnr n` * O ch R~pm pm oen mce`hco`4 wvr nc` pmn r n il r n pm

wkor p l y n r pm oen mce`hco`; il r pml~ cr p c encr koewhce% -y=(?/Op hc mcyn bnne pmn cgpole li R~pm pmcp n}vlwn` mow innp pl pmn glj` pmcp cqlkn Blct% Lr

op hc mcyn bnne pmn Jlr` vrlyo`nepocjj cqcknen` moh% Oe pmn `crkenww li hoèoamp* mn hc

mcyn incrn` pmcp mn qcw cbl~p pl bn cppcgkn`% Qonrwbn wcw*

Join ow i~jj li r~`n cqckneoeaw* ce` hlrn pmce len Bobjogcj gmcrcgpnr ql~j` carnn%

C`ch qnep pl wjnnv ce` qlkn ~v pl òwglynr pmcp mn mc` bnne pmrl~am w~ranr ce` mn qcwelq c hcrron` hce% Dcglb qlkn ~v pl owglynr pmcp mn qcw hcrron` pl pmn qrlea qlhce%

Oe pmn n}gopnhnep li pmn hlhnep* R~pm `lnw elp ilranp mnr vlwopole% Wmn vrnwnepw mnrwnji

elp cw Blctw ns~cj b~p qopm gmcrcgpnrowpog w~bhowwole ce` m~hojop wmn rnvjonw* O ch R~pm pmoen

mce`hco`% Mlqnynr* oe pmn pnewole ce` `rchc R~pm wnnhoeaj ilranpw lr oaelrnw qmcp Eclho

mc` plj` mnr pml~ wmcjp al oe* ce` ~eglynr mow innp* ce` jc pmnn `lqe; ce` mn qojj pnjj pmnn qmcp pml~ wmcjp `l

ce` ohhnòcpnj hc`n mnr lbdngpoyn gjncr* wvrnc` pmnrnilrn pm wkorp lynr pmoen mce`hco`; ilr pml~ crp c

encr koewhce%Pmnwn qlr`w qnrn ce Ncwpnre o`lh ilr rns~nwpoea Blct pl hckn R~pm mow qoin* cw

wvrncòea c acrhnep crl~e` c qlhce whbljotn` vrlpngpole cw qnjj cw injjlqwmov%

Pmn qlr`w hc mcyn bnne ce oòlh b~p pmn icgp pmcp R~pm wnotn` pmn oeopocpoyn ce` ~ppnrn`pmnh ow w~aanwpoyn pmcp wmn qcepn` pmn hnwwcan li mnr glhoea pl bn ~echboa~l~w ce` elp

howoepnrvrnpn`% Wmn qcw el wn`~gprnww% Ilr b pmnwn qlr`w R~pm rnhoe`n` Blct elp lej li mow

wpcp~w cw c koewhce ~e`nr Al`w jcq b~p li pmn vrnyol~w bjnwwoea mn vrcn`* c i~jj rnqcr` bn aoyne

pmnn li pmn JLR@ Al` li Owrcnj* ~e`nr qmlwn qoeaw pml~ crp glhn pl pr~wp -2432/% Oepnrnwpoeaj* pmn

Mnbrnq qlr` ilr wkorp ce` qoeaw ow pmn wchn% Pmnwn qlr`w wvlkne il~r hlepmw bnilrn wnnh

pl mcyn wpcn` oe mnr mncrp% Op oeògcpnw pmcp wmn mc` pml~amp pmrl~am pmow vrlwvngpoyn ~eole

irlh c wvorop~cj vnrwvngpoyn% R~pm `lnw elp qcep Blct pl wnn pmow cw ce ojjogop pnhvpcpole% Wmn

qcepw Blct pl bn Al`w oewpr~hnep li vrlpngpole ce` jlyn ilr mnr% Cjrnc` mn mc` `len pmow oe

vcrp b mow gcrn ce` koeènww pl mnr oe pmn ionj`w%


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Ce` mn wc o` * Bjn w w n` b n pml~ l i pmn JLR@* h `c~amp n r 4 i l r pml~ mcw p wmnqn` hlr n koeènw w oe pmn jc p p n rne` pmce cp pmn bna oee oea * oecwh~gm cw pml~ il j jlqn`w p el p l~ea hne * qmn pmn r vll r l r r o gm % Ce` elq* h

`c~amp n r * i ncr el p ; O q o j j `l p l pmn n c j j pmcp pml~ r ns~or n w p 4 i l r c j j pmn g o p l i h vnlvj n `l pm kelq pmcp pml~cr p c y o r p~l~w qlhce% -y36(33/

êpoj pmow vloep pmn rnc`nr hc qle`nr qm Blct mc` elp cvvrlcgmn` pmn w~bdngp* cw mn

gjncrj qcw cpprcgpn` pl R~pm% Mlqnynr* mnrn mn hcknw op gjncr pmcp mn bnjonyn` pmcp mn qcw pll

lj` ilr mnr% Cjwl mn kenq pmcp pmnrn qcw celpmnr koewhce -y32/ qml mc` pmn roamp pl hcrr

R~pm lynr moh% Cw c hce li oepnarop* mn ql~j` elp ~wn pmn jcqjnwwenww li pmn D~ànw cw ce

n}g~wn ilr moh pl wnp cwo`n Al`w jcq%

Cacoe qn h~wp elpn pmn koe` ce` al`j gmcrcgpnr li Blct% Mn pr~j ow c rnhcrkcbjn hce%

@nwvopn pmn icgp pmcp mn mc` bnne qlkne l~p li mow wjnnv oe c hlhnep li pnewole* mow rncgpole ow

pl vrc c bjnwwoea le pmn join li R~pm irlh pmn Jlr`* Bjnwwn` bn pml~ li pmn JLR@% Mn pmne alnw

le pl ilg~w le mnr gmcrcgpnr ce` pnwpohle gjncrj* mn mc` bnne pmoekoea cbl~p pmow bnilrn%

D~wp pl rncww~rn mnr pmcp mnr cgpolew `l elp rcown ce s~nwpolew oe mow hoe`* Blct pnwpoionwli R~pm* ilr cjj pmn gop li h vnlvjn `lpm kelq pmcp pml~ crp c yorp~l~w qlhce% Blct kenq pmcp wmn qcw

c Vrlynrbw 73 qlhce% Gjncrj pmow s~cjop ow qmcp cpprcgpn` moh% Oe`nn`* mn hcknw el rninrnegn

pl mnr vmwogcj cpprcgpoynenww%

Pmow pnwpohle ow nwvngocjj ohvrnwwoyn* cw R~pm ow irlh pmn elplrol~wj ohhlrcj Hlcb ce`

gl~j` elp bn oe Bnpmjnmnh hlrn pmce c inq hlepmw% Op wmlqw pmcp vnlvjn qcpgm ~w ce` elpn l~r

gmcrcgpnr% Wmn qcw elp c yorp~l~w qlhce b ecp~rn* b~p arcgn prcewilrhn` mnr wl -3 Glroepmocew

94?(33/% Hcppmnq Mner elpnw*

R~pm qcw c vllr qlhce* ce` vlynrp lipne lbwg~rnw pmn j~wpnr li yorp~n; np R~pm!w

yorp~nw* nyne oe c hnce gleòpole* qnrn anenrcjj pckne elpogn li ce` gl~j` elp bn mo`; ec*mnr yorp~nw pllk cqc pmn rnvrlcgm li mnr vlynrp% Oi vllr vnlvjn bn b~p all` vnlvjn*

pmn wmcjj mcyn mlel~r irlh Al` ce` hce% R~pm mc` bnne rnhcrkcbjn ilr mnr m~hojop*

qmogm vcyn` pmn qc pl pmow mlel~r -gi% Vrlynrbw 3>477* 2?427/% Pmn jnww wmn vrlgjcohn`

mnr lqe allènww pmn hlrn ò` mnr enoambl~rw pckn elpogn li op%

Bnilrn Blct mcw pl pnjj mnr li pmn encrnr koewhce mn ohhnòcpnj wnnkw pl rncww~rn R~pm li

mow jlyn ilr mnr qmogm ql~j` gcjh mnr incrw* h `c~ampnr* incr elp; O qojj `l pl pmnn cjj pmcp pml~

rns~ornwp% Wmn hc elp bn cbjn pl wnn moh oe pmn `crkenww b~p mow koe` qlr`w h~wp mcyn wpojjn`

mnr mncrp irlh ce `l~bp pmcp wmn hc mcyn cgpn` vrnw~hvp~l~wj lr liine`n` moh b mnr

òrngpenww% Pmnwn qlr`w cjwl qojj cww~can ce glegnre R~pm hc mcyn cbl~p Blctw hlpoyn oe

broeaoea ~v en}p pmn oww~n li pmn encrnr koewhce%


23% Mcyn l~ nynr `len wlhnpmoea qopm pmn roamp hlpoyn b~p qopm pmn qrlea hnpml`/Pmn Bobjn ow ynr gjncr pmcp elpmoea ohvrlvnr qnep le bnpqnne pmow al`j gl~vjn* wmn jc cp

mow innp ~epoj pmn hlreoea% Pmn blpm cgpn` mlel~rcbj ce` wl~amp pl cylo` pnhvpcpole% Al` ow

ajlroion` b pmn gmlognw gl~vjnw hckn vroycpnj ce` v~bjogj% Pmn pr~n pnwp li c hce lr c

qlhcew gmcrcgpnr ow qmcp pmn crn qmne el len njwn lbwnrynw% Pmn qlrj` wcw w~gm vonp ce`

v~rop ow lj`(icwmolen` b~p Vovnr hcknw c all` cvvjogcpole pl bnjonynrw*

B~p O wc pl l~* oi pmn wpcrw crn wmoeoea oe pmnor bnc~p ce` l~r bjll` ow pm~`òea jokn cmchhnr ce` l~ crn wcin oe pmn vroycg li l~r vjcgn* wplv % % % ilr pmn wckn li

roampnl~wenww% Jnp pmn hlreoea `cqe le l~r v~rop% @lep bn jokn pmn qlrj`% Bn jokn

Blct% Bn jokn R~pm% Vrlil~e`j oe jlyn% W~bpjn ce` vnrgnvpoyn oe glhh~eogcpole%

Vlqnri~j oe wnji(gleprlj% Glhhoppn` pl roampnl~wenww%

R~pm wmlqw mnrwnji pl bn w~bhowwoyn b lbnoea pmow glhhce` li Blct% Wmn `lnw elp

cra~n qopm Blct lr h~rh~r cacoewp Eclho lr Al` ilr mnr òiiog~jp vrn ogchnep% Vrlyo`negn

mcw opw wqnnp ce` boppnr hlhnepw ce` qn h~wp rncgp vrlvnrj oe blpm% Op wml~j` bn elpn` pmcp

blpm Blct ce` R~pm icgn` pmn vlwwobojop li jlwoea nynrpmoea pmn `nworn` ilr b `loea qmcp qcw

roamp% _np* pmn wpojj ò` wl%

Pmow aoip li bcrjn gl~j` mcyn qnoamn` cw h~gm cw 96 vl~e`w% Cjpml~am R~pm `lnw elp

wljogop cepmoea* Blctw mncrp ow hlyn` pl mnjv% B pmow cgpole* Blct `nhlewprcpnw mow anenrl~w

glegnre ilr R~pm ce` Eclho% Oe mow n}gopnhnep cbl~p c vlpnepocj hcrrocan* mn `lnw elp jlwn mow

glegnre ilr pmn enn`w li lpmnrw% Pmow ow c ynr vrcgpogcj neacanhnep roea# Op ow c all`

ojj~wprcpole licacvnjlyn* qmogm ow c wcgroiogocj ~egleòpolecj jlyn pmcp `lnw elp jllk ilr cepmoea

oe rnp~re%

Ce` qmne wmn gchn p l mn r hl pmn r ( oe ( jcq* wmn wc o` * Qml cr p pml~ * h `c~amp n r< Ce` wmn p l j` mn r c j j pmcp pmnhce mc` `len p l mn r % Ce` wmn wc o` * Pmnw n w o} hncw~r n w l i bcr j n acy n mn hn ; il r mn wc o` p l hn * Al el p nhvp~epl pm hl pmn r ( oe ( jcq% -y39(31/


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Gmcvpnr pmrnn ne`w oe c wohojcr qc pl gmcvpnr pql qopm R~pm rnp~reoea mlhn pl oeilrh

Eclho li qmcp mcw mcvvnen` oe pmn vrnyol~w ml~rw% Pmn s~nwpole* Qml crp pml~* h `c~ampnr


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B~p wlhnpohnw lej Al w mce` gce `l pmn dlb% Wlhnpohnw l~r mce`w anp oe pmn qc

bngc~wn qn crn hceov~jcpoea* vjlppoea lr wgmnhoea% C irone` li hoen ~wn` pl rnhoe` hn*

Icopm ow joyoea qopml~p wgmnhoea% Qmnenynr O òwglynr hwnji v~wmoea ce` vrl`òea*

Al` wcw pl hn* Pckn l~r mce`w lii% Bn wpojj* ce` kelq pmcp O ch Al`% Pmn òiinrnegn

ow wohvj pmow% Oi qn vjc Al` oe l~r joynw* nynrpmoea ow aloea pl icjj cvcrp% B~p oi qn jnp

Moh pr~j bn Al` oe l~r joynw* Mn qojj bn n}cjpn`* Mn qojj bn qopm ~w* ce` Mn qojj anp pmn

dlb len%

Dlwnvm wvnep 37 ncrw cw c wjcyn ce` vrowlenr oe Navp bnilrn Al` njnycpn` moh pl bn

vrohn hoeowpnr% @cyo` vrlbcbj wvnep c wohojcr pohn cw c i~aopoyn cipnr mow oeopocj celoepoea b

Wch~nj bnilrn Al` hc`n moh koea% Pll lipne pmn mhe pmcp `nwgrobnw l~r joynw ow*

O!j j mcyn h lqe qc* Jlr`* O! j j mcyn h lqe qc*

O! j j bn pmn vlppnr * _l~ bn pmn g jc; O! j j hlj` _l~ ce` hckn _l~ cipnr h qoj j * Qmojn l~ crn qcopoea* on j`n` ce` wp o j j %

GMCVPNR IL^R

Pmn vrnyol~w gmcvpnr jnip ~w oe w~wvnewn qopm c gjoii(mceanr wgnecrol% Blct* cw vrnògpn`

b Eclho* `lnw elp mnwopcpn pl n}vnòpn pmn hcppnr% Op ow elp d~wp c hcppnr li oepnarop b~p mow

arncpnr hlpoycpole ow jlyn* qmogm `roynw moh pl hckn mcwpn% Cw Blct wpnvw l~p oe icopm le pmn

Qlr` li Al`* qn qojj wnn vrlyo`negn qlrkoea pl cwwowp moh%

Pmne qnep Blct ~v p l pmn acp n * ce` wcp m oh `lqe pmn r n 4 ce`* bnml j` * pmn koewhce l i qmlh Blct wvckn gchnb ; ~epl qmlh mn wc o` * Ml * w~gm c len # p~re cw o`n * w o p `lqe mn r n % Ce` mn p~ren` cw o`n * ce` wcp `lqe% Ce`

mn p llk p ne hne l i pmn n j`n r w l i pmn g o p * ce` wc o` * Wo p n `lqe mn r n % Ce` pmn wcp `lqe% -y3(2/Pmn gop acpn qcw ce ohvlrpcep vjcgn oe pmn LP pohnw% Op qcw oe niingp pmn jlgcj jcq gl~rp

qmnrn prcewcgpolew ce` jnacj b~woenww qnrn gcrron` l~p% Cw pmn plqewiljk jnip pmn gop oe pmn

hlreoea ilr pmn ionj`w w~rrl~eòea* pmow ql~j` bn pmn hlwp wprcpnaog vjcgn pl negl~epnr pmn

encrnr koewhce ce` rnwljyn pmn oww~n% Pmn woppoea `lqe pmnrn li Blct oeògcpn` pmcp mn qowmn`

pl gle`~gp wlhn wnrol~w b~woenww%

Cw mn wopw vcponepj pmnrn pmn oewvorn` qropnr elpnw* bnmlj`* pmn koewhce li qmlh Blct wvckn

gchn% Pmow ow elp hnrn gloego`negn* cw vrlyo`negn ow qlrkoea bnmoe` pmow pl co` Blct% C gmcoe

li wnnhoeaj h~e`cen vrlyo negnw icgojopcpnw hce arncp ciicorw% Pmnrn crn wlhn qlr`w pmcp crn

elp oe Al`w ylgcb~jcr w~gm cw gmcegn lr gloego`negn% Pmn Bobjn pncgmnw pmcp pmn wpnvw li cjj

Al`w vnlvjn crn lr`nrn` li pmn Jlr`% Ilr cw pmn Vwcjhowp elpn`* H pohnw crn oe Pm mce`

-Vwcjh 7343>c/% Hlrace elpnw*

Dnw~w wco` pmcp pmn mcorw li l~r mnc`w crn cjj e~hbnrn`% Pmoek li pmcp# Al` ow hlrn

glegnren` cbl~p ~w pmce qn crn glegnren` cbl~p l~rwnjynw* hlrn glegnren` cbl~p ~w pmce

c hlpmnr lr icpmnr ow cbl~p mow lr mnr gmoj`% N}vnrpw pnjj ~w pmcp pmn cynrcan vnrwle mcwlynr 366*666 mcorw arlqoea le mow mnc`% B~p qml chlea ~w mcw nynr gcrn` nel~am pl pr


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pl gl~ep nynr mcor< Qmcp hlpmnr oe cjj mowplr mcw nynr jlyn` mnr gmoj` nel~am pl gl~ep

pmn mcorw le mow lr mnr mnc 6 ncrw -Jnyopog~w 2>433(70/% Pmow `nhlewprcpnw pmn qow`lh li Al` cw4

-3/ Vrnynepn` n}gnww cgg~h~jcpole li jce` b c inq%-2/ Vrnynepn` ce ohvlynrowmn` ~e`nrgjcww nhnraoea%-7/ Acyn ncgm anenrcpole c irnwm wpcrp%-0/ Vrnynepn` jlea pnrh newjcynhnep lr wnryop~`n%->/ Wmlqn` pmcp pmn jce` qcw ~jpohcpnj pmn Jlr`w ce` gceelp bn aoyne cqc pl lpmnrw-Jnyopog~w 2>427/

Blct ow nepornj lvne oe mow n}gmcean mnrn% Mn `o` elp wnnk pl mo`n cepmoea irlh pmn

encrnwp koewhce% Oi R~pm ow pl bn mow qoin* pmne Blct pr~wpn` Al` gl~j` qlrk l~p pmn `npcojw

vnringpj qnjj -Vrlynrbw 74>(9/% Blct s~ogkj glhnw pl pmn gr~} ce` nyne hcknw op gjncr pmcp mnqojj bn qojjoea pl cgp cw pmn koewhce oi pmn lpmnr hce `ngjoenw pl `l wl% Mlqnynr* pmoeaw `l elp


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wnnh pl bn aloea pmn qc mn mc` mlvn` cw pmn encrnr koewhce s~ogkj wnotnw pmn lvvlrp~eop pl

rn`nnh* Ce` mn wco`* O qojj rn`nnh op% Cjpml~am mow mncrp h~wp mcyn w~ek c joppjn* qn crn elp plj`

pmcp Blct acyn ce nyo`negn li op l~pqcr`j% Qojj mow cgp li roampnl~wenww mnrn bn ~ernqcr`n`6

qoin glhn ~epl moh oe pmn vrnwnegn li pmn nj`nrw* ce` jllwn mow wmln irlh lii mow illp* ce` wvop oe mow icgn* ce` wmcjj

cewqnr ce` wc* Wl wmcjj op bn `len ~epl pmcp hce pmcp qojj elp b~oj` ~v mow brlpmnrw ml~wn% -@n~pnrlelh

2>41(?/

Pmn rncwlew qm pmow `rchc ow pl bn cgpn` l~p pmow qc ow elp nepornj gjncr oe

@n~pnrlelh* b~p op lbyol~wj qcw pl wmlq wlhn `narnn li wmchn le pmn gmcrcgpnr li pmn hceqml rni~wn` pl cgp cw c koewhce% Oe pmn glepn}p li pmn bllk li R~pm* qn `l elp rnc` wmn pcknw

pmn encrnr koewhcew wmln elr `lnw wmn wvop oe mow icgn ce` wc* Wl wmcjj op bn `len ~epl pmcp hce

pmcp qojj elp b~oj` ~v mow brlpmnrw ml~wn%

Op wnnhw mnrn wohvj pmcp pmn encrnr koewhce pllk lii mow wmln ce` acyn op pl Blct% Pmnrn

ow h~gm gledngp~rn b glhhnepcplrw cw pl qm pmn wmln ow rnhlyn` mnrn% Gjncrj pmn rnhlycj li

pmn wmln whbljown` c rne~egocpole li jnacj roampw ce` c prcewinr li pmn lqenrwmov li pmnwn roampw

pl celpmnr% Op hc cjwl qnjj whbljown pmcp pmn hce ow aoyoea ~v pmn roamp pl qcjk le pmn ichoj

vjlp* qmogm qcw Al`(aoyne -Anenwow 37431; @n~pnrlelh 33420; Dlwm~c 347/%

Ce` Blct wco` ~epl pmn n j`nrw * ce` ~epl cjj pmn vnlvjn * _n crn qopenwwnw pmow `c* pmcp Omcyn bl~amp cj j pmcp qcw Njohnjngm!w * ce` cjj pmcp qcw Gmojole!w ce` Hcmjle!w * l i pmnmce` li Eclho% Hlrnlynr R~pm pmn Hlcbopnww * pmn qoin l i Hcmjle* mcyn O v~rgmcwn` pl bnh qoin * pl rcown ~v pmn echn li pmn `nc` ~vle mow oemnropcegn* pmcp pmn echn li pmn `nc`bn elp g~p l i i irlh chlea mow brnpmrne* ce` irlh pmn acpn l i mow vjcgn 4 n crn qopenwwnw pmow

`c% -y?(36/Blct elq mc` pmn jce` ce` R~pm# Mn qcw mcvv pl hcrr pmn Hlcbopnww% Mow hlpoyn ow

jlyn ce` mn ow elp glegnren` cbl~p pmn bcaacan li pmn ioecegocj lr wlgocj glwpw li hcrroea

R~pm% Pll lipne pl`c* vnlvjn crn gc~amp ~v oe pmoekoea oe ~ebobjogcj qcw cbl~p rnjcpolewmovw%Pmn d~àn pmn vrlwvngp li hcrrocan b wng~jcr rncwleoea w~gm cw jllkw* s~cjoiogcpolew* wpcp~w*

oeglhn* ce` ichoj rnwvlewobojoponw% Mlqnynr* oi c rnjcpolewmov ow òrngpn` b Al`* pmne qn

wml~j` elp mnwopcpn pl nepnr oe b icopm%

Ce` cjj pmn vnlvjn pmcp qnrn oe pmn acpn * ce` pmn n j`nrw * wco`* Qn crn qopenwwnw % PmnJLR@ hckn pmn qlhce pmcp ow glhn oepl pmoen ml~wn j okn Rcgmnj ce` j okn Jncm* qmogmpql ò` b~oj` pmn ml~wn l i Owrcnj 4 ce` `l pml~ qlrpmoj oe Nvmrcpcm* ce` bn ichl~w oeBnpmjnmnh4 Ce` jnp pm ml~wn bn j okn pmn ml~wn l i Vmcrnt* qmlh Pchcr bcrn ~epl D~`cm*

li pmn wnn` qmogm pmn JLR@ wmcjj a oyn pmnn l i pmow l~ea qlhce% -y33(32/Blct anpw ce ohhnòcpn bjnwwoea ilr pmow wpnv li icopm% Pmow Al`(gneprn` bjnwwoea ow

ohvlrpcep pl elpn oe pmn `cw li pmn D~ànw qmne cvlwpcw qcw vrnycjnep% Pmn Jlr` cjqcw

vrnwnrynw c rnhecep li Mow vnlvjn ~epl Mohwnji oe nynr anenrcpole% Joknj pmn pnwpohle li pmow

al`j gl~vjn mc` ce oeij~negn li pmn pml~ampw ce` pmn qlr`w li pmn jlgcjw% Blct ce` R~pm

cgkelqjnàn` Dnmlycm oe nynr crnc li pmnor joynw wl pmow bjnwwoea ce` vrcnr qcw vcrpog~jcrj cvp%

Op ow oepnrnwpoea pl lbwnryn mlq lipne vrcnr ow joekn` pl hcrrocan oe pmow bllk% Oe`nn`* pmow whcjj

bllk mcw cp jncwp wo} vrcnrw li bjnwwoea pmrl~aml~p -R~pm 34=(?* 240* 32* 26* 7436* 0433(32/%

@nwvopn pmn gjcohw li pmn wng~jcr qlrj * pmn hcrrocan li c gl~vjn ow elp c vroycpn hcppnr% Op

ow c glynecep pl bn v~bjogj qopenwwn` ilr pmn ajlr li Al`% Pmn ynr bnwp vjcgn ilr c hcrrocan owoe pmn Jlr` ce` chlea Al`w vnlvjn% Nynr gl~vjn wml~j` cwvorn pl mcyn pmn ciiorhcpole ce`


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bjnwwoea li pmn vnlvjn li Al` le pmnor hcrrocan% Pmn n}vrnwwole pmn ml~wn li Vmcrnt hc wnnh c

joppjn wprcean b~p mn qcw ce cegnwplr li Blct ce` wvrcea irlh ce ohvrlvnr Jnyorcpn(pvn

rnjcpolewmov pmrl~am Dcglb ce` mow `c~ampnroe(jcq%

Op ow oepnrnwpoea pmcp pmnwn vnlvjn rnglaeown pmcp Dnmlycm ow pmn Len qml aoynw gmoj`rne%

R~pm hc mcyn bnne hcrron` pl mnr iorwp m~wbce` ilr cw h~gm cw c `ngc`n ce` pmn vnlvjn hcmcyn bnne cqcrn pmcp wmn qcw bcrrne oe pmcp ~eole% Pmn Bobjn vrnwnepw gmoj`rne cw c bjnwwoea

irlh pmn Jlr`* Jl* gmoj`rne crn ce mnropcan li pmn JLR@4 ce` pmn ir~op li pmn qlhb ow Mow rnqcr` -Vwcjh

32147/% Elqmnrn oe Wgrovp~rn crn gmoj`rne rnvrnwnepn` cw c g~rwn lr c moe`rcegn pl c Gmrowpoce

mlhn% Op qcw l~r Hcwpnr qml `ngjcrn`* W~iinr joppjn gmoj`rne pl glhn ~epl hn* ce` ilrbo` pmnh elp4 ilr li

w~gm ow pmn koea`lh li Al` -J~kn 3=439/%

Pmn vnlvjn vrcn` pmcp pmnor ichoj ql~j` bn ichl~w* qmogm jopnrcjj hncew pl vrlgjcoh

c echn% Al` pr~j cewqnrn` pmcp vrcnr cw pmn @cyo og ichoj ql~j` wvroea irlh pmnh ce`

~jpohcpnj ql~j` glhn* Qmnrnilrn Al` cjwl mcpm moamj n}cjpn` Moh* ce` aoyne Moh c echn qmogm ow

cblyn nynr echn -Vmojovvocew 24?/%

Wl Blct pllk R~pm* ce` wmn qcw mow qoin 4 ce` qmne mn qnep oe ~epl mnr* pmn JLR@ acynmnr glegnvpole* ce` wmn bcrn c wle% -y37/Pmn Bobjn ow ynr gjncr mnrn* pmn JLR@ acyn mnr glegnvpole% Wgonegn gceelp grncpn join op ow

irlh Al` cjlen -gi% Anenwow 2?473/% Pmn Jlr` ow wlynrnoae nyne lynr pmn glegnvpole li c gmoj`%

Nynr Gmrowpoce gl~vjn wml~j` vrc bnilrn hcrrocan ce` cipnr hcrrocan cbl~p Al`w v~rvlwn ilr

pmnh oe rnwvngp li gmoj`rne%

Op wml~j` cjwl bn elpn` pmcp pmn vrlgrncpole li gmoj`rne ow cjqcw qopmoe pmn glepn}p li

hcrrocan oe Al`w lr`nr ilr hcekoe`% Pmcp hc elp bn c qo`nj mnj` yonq oe pmn 23wp gnep~r*

b~p Al`w qlr` enynr gmceanw% Pmow ow wpojj Al`w qc ce` nynr wmcjj bn% Mow qc ow cjqcw bnwp#

Ce` pmn qlhne wco` ~epl Eclho* Bjnwwn` bn pmn JLR@* qmogm mcpm elp jn i p pmnn pmow `cqopml~p c koewhce* pmcp mow echn hc bn ichl~w oe Owrcnj % Ce` mn wmcjj bn ~epl pmnn crnwplrnr l i pm j o in * ce` c el~rowmnr l i pmoen lj` can4 ilr pm `c~ampnr( oe(jcq* qmogm jlynpmpmnn* qmogm ow bnppnr pl pmnn pmce wnyne wlew* mcpm blre moh% Ce` Eclho pllk pmn gmoj`*

ce` jco` op oe mnr blwlh* ce` bngchn e~rwn ~epl op % -y30(39/Pmn borpm li ce gmoj` broeaw dl* b~p wl h~gm pmn hlrn c arce`gmoj` oe pmn irchnqlrk li

pmow wplr% Pmnwn jlgcj qlhne qnrn qcjkoea roamp wvorop~cjj cw pmn gl~j` rnglaeown pmcp pmow qcw

cjj li Al`w arcgn* Bjnwwn` bn pmn JLR@* qmogm mcpm elp jnip pmnn pmow `c qopml~p c koewhce% Pmn

lbnn` qmcp Vc~j glhhce`n`* Rndlogn qopm pmnh pmcp `l rndlogn* ce` qnnv qopm pmnh pmcp qnnv

-Rlhcew 3243>/% Lbn` ql~j` bn c bjnwwoea pl mow arce`hlpmnr oe pmn dl mow borpm brl~amp cw c*

c rnwplrnr li pm join* ce` c el~rowmnr li pmoen lj` can%

R~pmw pnwpohle mc` ciingpn` c qmljn gop% Jokn pmn yorp~l~w qlhce oe Vrlynrbw 73* mnr

echn ow vrcown` oe pmn gop% Cjj pmn vnlvjn li Bnpmjnmnh gl~j` wnn pmcp wmn qcw c jlyoea iojocj

`c~ampnr qml qcw qlrpm hlrn pmce pmn vrlynrbocj wnyne wlew% Cjpml~am wmn mc` el jnacj

lbjoacpole pl Eclho* wmn joyn` l~p pmn lbjoacpole li jlyn% Wlew qnrn vcrpog~jcrj ycj~n` oe pmnNcwpnre g~jp~rn% Eclho mc` aoyne ~v le pmn arcgn li Al` oe Hlcb -gi% R~pm 3426(23/* b~p mc`


52/54

>2

bnace pl rnglaeown op cacoe qlrkoea ilr mnr oe R~pm 2426% Elq* wmn gl~j` elp icoj pl wnn op

pmrl~am pmow hcrrocan% Ilr lipne pmn qlrwp procjw qn mcyn pl ne`~rn crn pmn qoe`lqw pmrl~am

qmogm Al` qojj vl~r pmrl~am pmn arncpnwp bjnwwoea%

Pmnrn qnrn boppnr vrlyo`negnw Eclho mc` pl ne`~rn b~p qopm pmn bneniop li moe`woamp wmn

gl~j` elq wnn pmcp Al` qcw qlrkoea nynrpmoea planpmnr ilr all` oe mnr join -Rlhcew =42=/%@nwvopn mnr hce icoj~rnw* mnr boppnr Hcrcm mc` bnglhn vjncwcep Eclho b pmn oepnrynepole

li Al`% Oe Eclhow n}gr~gocpoea vcoe* Al` qcw cp qlrk% Ilr op qcw Al` qml acyn mnr R~pm

qmne wmn jlwp mnr wvl~wn ce` wle; op qcw Al` qml acyn Blct pl hcrr R~pm pl pckn gcrn li pmnh

blpm; ce` op qcw Al` qml acyn mnr c arce`gmoj`% Pmow pr~pm ow ns~cjj cvvjogcbjn ilr ~w pl`c%

Cw Vovnr wco`* ce` oi qn gl~j` d~wp jncre pl qcop ce` pr~wp oe Al`* cjj l~r glhvjcoepw cacoewp

Al` ql~j` vrlyn ~epr~n%

Hlwnw pc~amp Owrcnj pl jlyn pmn wprceanr oe pmnor ho`wp cw pmnhwnjynw b~p pmn orle ow pmcp

pmow Hlcbopn wprceanr wmlqn` pmn vnlvjn mlq pl joyn ~v pl pmn ecpolew alj`ne r~jn4

Ce` pml~ wmcjp jlyn pmn JLR@ pm Al` qopm cjj pmoen mncrp* ce` qopm cjj pm wl~j* ce` qopm cjj pm hoamp%-@n~pnrlelh 94>/

Pml~ wmcjp elp cynean* elr bncr ce ar~`an cacoewp pmn gmoj`rne li pm vnlvjn* b~p pml~ wmcjp jlyn pm enoambl~r

cw pmwnji4 O ch pmn JLR@% -Jnyopog~w 3?43=/

Li gl~rwn* R~pmw cbojop pl wnjijnwwj jlyn mnr enoambl~r ijlqn` irlh mnr cbojop pl jlyn mnr

Al`% Pmcp lr`nr gceelp bn rnynrwn`%

Ce` pmn qlhne mnr enoambl~rw acyn op c echn* wcoea* Pmnrn ow c wle blre pl Eclho; ce`pmn gcj jn` mow echn Lbn`4 mn ow pmn icpmnr l i Dnwwn * pmn icpmnr l i @cyo`% Elq pmnwn crn pmnanenrcpolew li Vmcrnt4 Vmcrnt bnacp Mntrle* Ce` Mntrle bnacp Rch* ce` Rch bnacpChhoec`cb* Ce` Chhoec`cb bnacp Ecmwmle* ce` Ecmwmle bnacp Wcjhle* Ce` Wcjhlebnacp Blct* ce` Blct bnacp Lbn`* Ce` Lbn` bnacp Dnwwn * ce` Dnwwn bnacp @cyo`% -y31(22/

Pmn woaeoiogcegn li pmow wle Lbn` ow elp johopn` pl pmow gjohc} li pmow wplr% Pmow bllk ow

elp d~wp c mncrpqcrhoea wplr li mlq R~pm il~e` pmn hce li mnr `rnchw# Pmn c~pmlr `lnw elp

jncyn pmn wplr pmnrn b~p bnaoew pl wmoen wlhn joamp oepl pmn i~p~rn gnep~ronw b c anencjla pcbjn%

Cjpml~am qn rnc` li el elpnqlrpm cgp pmcp Lbn` `lnw oe pmn rnwp li pmn LP* mow borpm ow

ohvlrpcep bngc~wn li mow `nwgne`cepw% Mow woaeoiogcegn glhnw pmrl~am mow arce`wle @cyo` ce`

mow ~jpohcpn `nwgne`cep* Dnw~w Gmrowp% Pmn Hnwwocm ql~j` w~rvcww pmn n}vjlopw ce` joynw li Mow

cegnwplrw% Ilr irlh pmn joen li pmn koewhce(rn`nnhnr* Blct ql~j` glhn pmn Arncp Koewhce(

Rn`nnhnr qml ql~j` cjwl bn @cyo`w Arncpnr Wle* cw pmn Koea li koeaw%

Pmn ionj`w li Bnpmjnmnh qmnrn Lbn` arnq ~v ql~j` bn pmn wchn lenw pmcp @cyo` pne`n`

pmn wmnnv le ce` qmnrn Dlwnvm vcwwn` pmrl~am pl broea mow qoin pl pmn oee cipnr gnep~ronw mc`

r~e pmnor gl~rwn% Mowplr ow elp rce`lh ~egleengpn` nynepw ce` vnrwlew* b~p pr~jMow wplr ~eilj`n` b pmn qown ce` wlynrnoae v~rvlwn li Al` -Owcocm 094?(36/%

R~pm gl~j` enynr mcyn neyowcan` pmn icr(rncgmoea ohvjogcpolew li mnr `ngowole pl ilrwckn

Hlcb ce` nhbrcgn pmn join li c `nwpop~pn qo`lq oe Owrcnj% Pmrl~am pmn icopmi~jenww li len

qlhce ce` pmn vrlyo`negn ce` bjnwwoea li Al`* pmow `ngowole bngchn c bjnwwoea pl Owrcnj ce`

pmn qlrj`% Al` mcw ~wn` pmn gceycw li R~pm pl ojj~wprcpn pmcp l~r cgpolew gce ohvcgp i~p~rnanenrcpolew% B~p Al`w mce` ow cjj lynr mowplr qlrkoea l~p Mow v~rvlwnw oe oe`oyo`~cjw ce`


53/54

>7

ichojonw ( anenrcpole b anenrcpole% Cjj li ~w crn oepnrgleengpn` oe Mow vjce% Cjj li ~w mcyn

woaeoiogcegn% Vovnr vloepw l~p*

Pmn bllk li R~pm qcepw pl pncgm ~w pmcp Al`w v~rvlwn ilr pmn join li Mow vnlvjn ow pl

gleengp ~w pl wlhnpmoea icr arncpnr pmce l~rwnjynw% Al` qcepw ~w pl kelq pmcp qmne qn

iljjlq Moh* l~r joynw cjqcw hnce hlrn pmce qn pmoek pmn `l% Ilr pmn Gmrowpoce pmnrn owcjqcw c gleengpole bnpqnne pmn lròecr nynepw li join ce` pmn wp~vne`l~w qlrk li Al`

oe mowplr% Nynrpmoea qn `l oe lbnònegn pl Al`* el hcppnr mlq whcjj* ow woaeoiogcep% Op ow

vcrp li c glwhog hlwcog* qmogm Al` ow vcoepoea pl òwvjc pmn arncpenww li Mow vlqnr ce`

qow`lh pl pmn qlrj` ce` pl pmn vroegovcjoponw ce` vlqnrw oe pmn mncynej vjcgnw -Nvmnwocew

7436/% Pmn `nnv wcpowicgpole li pmn Gmrowpoce join ow pmcp op ow elp aoyne lynr pl proijnw%

Wnryoea c qo`lqn` hlpmnr(oe(jcq* ajnceoea oe c ionj`* icjjoea oe jlyn* mcyoea c bcb ( ilr pmn

Gmrowpoce pmnwn pmoeaw crn cjj gleengpn` pl npnreop% Pmn crn vcrp li wlhnpmoea wl h~gm

boaanr pmce pmn wnnh%

GLEGJ^WOLE

Pne ncrw oe Hlcb mc` bnne c òwcwpnr ilr pmow ichoj* b~p d~wp c inq hlepmw oe Bnpmjnmnh

vrlyn` pmn icopmi~jenww li Al`% Mn mc` brl~amp pro~hvm l~p li prcan`% R~pm oe mnr jlenjoenww*

`nwvcor* ce` vlynrp cw c `nwpop~pn qo`lq mc` il~e` jlyn* rnwp* qncjpm* ce` mlvn% Wmn `lnw elp

enn` pl ajnce ce hlrn cw mnr m~wbce` elq lqew pmn qmljn ionj`% Cjj pmnwn bjnwwoeaw oe mnr join

gchn pmrl~am pmn hcrynjl~w vrlyo`negn li Al` pmrl~am w~bpjn ce` oeprogcpn gleengpolew% Mow

rnqcr`w crn elp cjqcw `ninrrn`* cjpml~am pmn ~jpohcpn len qojj bn%

Al`w vrlyo`nepocj l~pqlrkoea li nynepw oe pmow wnnhoeaj oewoaeoiogcep ichoj wml~j` bn c

wl~rgn li cqn ce` qle`nr pl ~w% Pmn bllk pcknw vjcgnw oe pmn cvlwpcpn ce` nyoj `cw li pmn

D~ànw* c pohn wohojcr pl l~r lqe `c% Oi qn pr~wp Al` b icopm jokn R~pm ce` Blct ò * qn gce

wnn Mow vlqnr ce` bjnwwoea qlrkoea pmrl~am l~r joynw cjwl% Al` gce cjqcw broea all` irlh pmn`crk gjl~`w li procj ce` prcan` oi qn d~wp pr~wp Moh% Pmn bllk li R~pm ow c rnhoe`nr pmcp qn

qcjk b icopm* elp b woamp -2 Glroepmocew >41/% B ~e`nrwpceòea hlrn cbl~p mlq Al` qlrkw* qn

bnglhn bnppnr ns~ovvn` pl joyn ilr Al`% Gchvbnjj Hlrace mcw pmn iljjlqoea gjlwoea pml~ampw

li pmow bllk*

Ioecjj pmn bllk pncgmnw pmn ycj~n pl Al` li pmcp join* qmogm hcknw pmn arncp w~rrne`nr*

ce` iljjlqw Moh oe icopm% Pmn ycj~n li w~gm c join gce enynr bn kelqe ~epoj qn vcww qopmoe

pmn ynoj% Rnhnhbnr cacoe pmn wns~negn qopm qmogm pmow bllk gjlwnw; Lbn`* Dnwwn* @cyo`%

Blct ce` R~pm mc` vcwwn` oepl pmn joamp nrn @cyo` gchn* pmn koea ilr qmlh pmn ecpole qcw

qcopoea* np pmn wns~negn ò` elp ne` qopm @cyo`% C joppjn jcpnr c vrlvmnp irlh wlhn mnoamp li yowole brlkn oepl c arncp wlea% B~p pml~*

Bnpmjnmnh Nvmrcpcm* pml~am pml~ bn joppjn chlea pmn pml~wce`w li D~`cm* np l~p li pmnn

wmcjj Mn glhn ilrpm ~epl Hn pmcp ow pl bn r~jnr oe Owrcnj% -Hog >42/ Icr `lqe pmn gnep~ronw

pmnrn wmlen c joamp cp hoèoamp* ce` wleaw qnrn mncr`* ce` oe pmn òrngp joen li pmn hce li

D~`cm ce` li vroyojnan* ce` pmn qlhce li Hlcb ce` li johopcpole* pl Bnpmjnmnh gchn pmn

Koea% Pmn ò` elp wnn pmn oww~nw% Pmn ò` elp joyn pl rncv pmn ~jpohcpn mcrynwp li pmnor

io`njop* b~p AL@ il~e` illpmlj` oe pmn hce ce` qlhce li icopm* ce` oe pmnor ~eopn` joynw%

Pmcp ow pmn vroegovjn li qmogm O pmoek qn enn` pl bn rnhoe`n`* oe lr`nr pl negl~rcan l~r

mncrpw oe pmn ho`wp li qlrk%

Qn pcjk cbl~p rnw~jpw% Oi cjj pmn rnw~jpw li h hoeowpr gce bn wpcpowpogcjj wpcpn`* op ow c òrn


54/54

icoj~rn% Vc~j qcw c wcoep* grobbn`* gcboen` ce` gleioen` oe vrowle% Op ow ohvlwwobjn pl rnc`

mow jnppnrw qopml~p bnoea glewgol~w li c gnrpcoe chl~ep li rnwpjnwwenww cw mn hc`n cvvncj pl

mow jlyn` lenw* rnhnhbnr h ble`w% C hce qmlwn hlppl qcw* Pmn Rnaolew Bnle`*

qmlwn vonrgoea nn wcq pmn icr òwpcegnw* ce` qml qcw vrlil~e`j glewgol~w li pmn ycj~n

li pmn nyceanj* qml kenq ce` qrlpn O ch `nbplr % % % O ch rnc`; qcw np ohvrowlen`* ce`

mc` pl glepnep mohwnji qopm qropoea jnppnrw% Pl`c pmlwn jnppnrw crn li arncpnr ycj~n pmce cjj

mow qlrk% Mn ò` elp kelq pmcp vrnwnepj pmn ql~j` bn acpmnrn` planpmnr* ce` ql~j`

glewpop~pn pmn arncp n}vlwopole li pmn nyceanjogcj icopm ilr cjj pmn gnep~ronw%

Rnhnhbnr pmcp li pmn qlrk l~ `l pl`c l~ gceelp wnn pmn oww~n* oi op ow qlrk qrl~amp b

icopm oe AL@% Op hc bn oe pmn arncp gop li Jle`le* lr oe wlhn mo``ne mchjnp chlea pmn

mojjw pmcp l~r join qojj bn joyn`* whcjj* ~ekelqe* enynr v~bjowmn`* enynr elpogn` nopmnr oe

pmn rnjoaol~w lr orrnjoaol~w vrnww* ce` np l~ hc bn Al`w illpmlj` ilr pmoeaw li qmogm

l~ gceelp `rnch* qmogm oi plj` l~ elq l~ ql~j` elp vlwwobj bnjonyn% Pmn len gr li

h mncrp ce` li pm mncrp* glhrc`n li icopm* cgglròea pl pmow bllk* wml~j` bn c gr ilr

l~p(ce`(l~p cbce`lehnep pl Moh* oe lr`nr pmcp b l~r jlcjp Mn hc qoe pmn yogplronw liMow rlcjp%

Rnhnhbnr* Al` ow wpojj le pmn pmrlen% Ilr d~wp cw Al` ow wmcvoea* òrngpoea* ce` a~o oea

pmow ichoj pl Mow ~jpohcpn v~rvlwn ilr pmnh% Wl* pl`c Mn ow wpojj `loea pmn wchn ilr ~w% Ilr

pmlwn oe Gmrowp* nynrpmoea qojj ~jpohcpnj qlrk l~p ilr all`% Op ow aloea pl glhn l~p cjj roamp oe

pmn ne`%

Qn hc elp ~e`nrwpce` pmn glwhog qnb Mn ow qncyoea oe l~r gorg~hwpcegnw* b~p qn

wml~j` bnjonyn op% Pmow wplr ow c gmcjjnean pl ~w pl joyn cblyn l~r gorg~hwpcegnw ce` pl vjcgn l~r

pr~wp oe pmn vrlyo`negn ce` arcgn li Al`% Pmne qn wmcjj oe ajlr woea qopm pmn gmlorw li

rn`nnhn` wcoepw* Qopm hnrg ce` qopm d~ànhnepH qnb li p ohn Mn qlyn

Ce` cn pmn `nqw li wlrrlqQnrn j~wprn` b Mow jlyn

O j j bjnww pmn mce` pmcp a~o`nÒ j j bjnww pmn mncrp pmcp vjceen`

Qmne pmrlen` qmnrn a jlr `qnjjn pmOe Ohhce~njw jce`%


21% Qmcp `lnw pmow gjohc} pncgm l~ cbl~p pmn vrlyo`negn li Al`

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