Book-My Korean 1-Young a.cho
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My Korean
1
Young-A Cho
In-Jung Cho
Douglas Ling
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To our parents
This book and its accompanying audio files are licensed under a Creative
Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.5 Australia License.
To view a copy of this license, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/au/.
This book and its accompanying audio files are available online at
http://www.arts.monash.edu.au/korean/klec.
Help us improve!
First edition: August 2009
Second edition, First print run: February 2010
Second edition, Online release: July 2010
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i
CONTENTS ์ฐจ๋ก
PREFACE ix
TO THE TEACHER AND THE LEARNER xiii UNIT 1 ์๋ ํ์ธ์? 1
Situation Dialogue 1 3
Greetings 5
Introducing Yourself 7
Introducing Others 8
+ye-yo/i-e-yo โamโ; โareโ; โisโ 9
Situation Dialogue 2 13
Korean Names 14
Addressing People at the Office: Titles 16
Addressing Peers at School: โseonbaeโ and โhubaeโ 18
Addressing Unknown People at the Shops 19
Situation Dialogue 3 23
Saying Goodbye 24
Greetings, Thanks and Other Expressions 27
UNIT 2 ํ๊ธ 31
Hangeul (Korean Alphabet) 32
Basic Consonants ใฑ ใด ใท ใน ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ 33
The Pure Vowel ใ 35
Aspirated Consonants ใ ใ ใ ใ 39
Other Pure Vowels (ใ ) ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ฃ ใ ใ ก ใ 42
Writing Syllables 46
Tensed Consonants ใฒ ใธ ใ ใ ใ 49
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ii
Pronouncing Final Consonants 51
Combined Vowels 53
Sound Shifts 58
Classroom Expressions 66
24 Basic Consonants and Vowels (Table) 69
Expanded Consonants and Vowels (Table) 70
UNIT 3 ํผ์ ์ข์ํ์ธ์? 73
Discussing likes and dislikes
Situation Dialogue 1 75
Style of Speech 77
Situation Dialogue 2 79
Word Order 80
Yes/No Questions 82
Saying โYesโ and โNoโ 83
Vocabulary: Food ์์ 84
Situation Dialogue 3 89
Negative Question Usage 90
Spaces Between Words 91
UNIT 4 ์ด๋ ๊ฐ์ธ์? 95
Asking people where they are going
Situation Dialogue 1 97
Vocabulary: Places 98
์ด๋ ๊ฐ(์ธ์)? as a Greeting 99
Situation Dialogue 2 103
Destination Particle +์ โtoโ 105
Topic Particle +์/๋ 108
Situation Dialogue 3 111
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iii
Coming & Going: ์์, ๊ฐ์, ๋ค๋ ์ 112
UNIT 5 ์ด๋ฒ ํ ์์ผ์ ๋ญ ํ์ธ์? 115
Talking about your daily routine
Talking about what you are doing
Situation Dialogue 1 117
Verb (Doing Words) and their Endings
+์/์ด, +์/์ด์, +(์ผ)์ธ์
120
Verb Table: Present Tense Endings 122
Casual Question Verb Endings +๋/๋? 126
๋ญ โWhatโ 127
Situation Dialogue 2 131
Vocabulary: Time Words ์๊ฐ 134
Time Particle +์ โinโ or โatโ or โonโ 135
Location Particle +์์ โinโ or โatโ 137
Situation Dialogue 3 143
Asking Opinions โโฆ์ด๋(์)?โ 145
Adjective (Describing Words) and Their Endings
+์/์ด, +์/์ด์, +(์ผ)์ธ์
147
Adjective Table: Present Tense Endings 150
Vocabulary: Transitional Words 152
UNIT 6 ๋ช ์์ ๋ง๋ ๊น์? 155
Talking about the time
Making appointments
Talking about class timetables
Situation Dialogue 1 157
Spaces Between Words Revisited 159
๋ฌด์จ: โWhich..?โ; โWhat kind of ..?โ; โWhat..?โ 160
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Vocabulary: Question Words 161
Vocabulary: Study Words 161
Telling the Time: # oโclock 162
๋ช: โHow many..?โ; โWhat..?โ; โHow (old)..?โ 163
Suggestions 1: +์ โLetโsโฆโ 168
Situation Dialogue 2 171
โฆ+๋ถํฐ โฆ+๊น์ง: โfromโฆ tillโฆโ 174
Suggestions 2: +(์ผ)ใน๊น์? โShall weโฆ?โ 178
Situation Dialogue 3 183
UNIT 7 ์ด์ ๋ญ ํ์ จ์ด์? 191
Talking about past events
Situation Dialogue 1 193
Verb and Adjectives: Past Tense Endings 195
Situation Dialogue 2 205
๋ชป โcan notโ or โdid notโ because of inability -
unintentionally
208
+๊ฑฐ๋ ์ โIt's because...โ 210
Situation Dialogue 3 213
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ and +๊ณ โandโ; โand thenโ 216
Three โandsโ: +ํ๊ณ , +๊ณ and ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 218
UNIT 8 ๋น๋น๋ฐฅ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์ 225
Ordering in a cafรฉ or restaurant
Situation Dialogue 1 227
Asking for Something in a Shop 229
Situation Dialogue 2 235
+(์ผ)ใน๋์ โI wantโฆโ; โI willโฆโ 238
Counting Nouns 242
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Situation Dialogue 3 251
Restaurant Related Expressions 255
Pure Korean Numbers 256
Noun +ํ๊ณ , +(์ด)๋, +๊ณผ/์ โandโ 262
UNIT 9 ์ผ๋ง์์? 265
Asking for and giving prices
Asking for a discount
Situation Dialogue 1 267
์๋์์ โam/are/is notโ 270
์ผ๋ง โHow much?โ 273
Sino-Korean Numbers 274
Telling the Time: # minutes 286
Situation Dialogue 2 289
Rate and Ratio Particle +์ โperโ 292
Delimiter Particle +๋ง โonlyโ 293
Situation Dialogue 3 299
Demonstrative Pronouns:
์ด (this), ๊ทธ (that) , ์ (that over there) and ์ด๋ (which)
301
Vocabulary: Colour Terms ์ 302
Vocabulary: Consumer Items 304
UNIT 10 ์ ๊ณต์ด ๋ญ์์? 313
Talking about yourself and your family
Situation Dialogue 1 315
Expressing Your Age 318
Addressing Peers at School: ๋ณตํ์ 319
Education System in Korea 320
Situation Dialogue 2 323
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Vocabulary: Faculties and Departments 326
Word Contractions 328
Situation Dialogue 3 331
Vocabulary: Family๊ฐ์กฑ 334
Honorific Subject and Topic Particles 338
Possessive Pronouns 340
Vocabulary: Occupations์ง์ 342
โฆ์ด/๊ฐ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์? โWould you mind telling me โฆ?โ 344
Sending a Text Message 350
TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 355
APPENDIX
Notes for Verb and Adjective Tables 374
Special Conjugation Rules of Verb and Adjective 376
Appendix 1: Copular โbeโ 378
Appendix 2: Verb Present Tense Endings 380
Appendix 3: Verb Past Tense Endings 384
Appendix 4: Verb Future Tense Endings 388
Appendix 5: Verbs with
+(์ผ)ใน๊น(์)?; +(์ผ)ใน๋(์), +(์ผ)์ค๋(์)?,
+(์ผ)์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น?; +(์ผ)ใน๊ฒ(์), +๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
392
Appendix 6: Verbs with + ์; +๊ณ 396
Appendix 7: Verbs with
+๋๋ฐ(์), +์/์๋๋ฐ(์) & +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
398
Appendix 8: Verbs with
+๊ฑฐ๋ (์), +์/์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) & +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
400
Appendix 9: Casual Verb Endings
+์/์ด, +์/์์ด, +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ์ผ;
+(์ผ)ใน๊น?; +(์ผ)ใน๋; +(์ผ)ใน๊ฒ
402
Appendix 10: Adjective Present Tense Endings 406
Appendix 11: Adjective Past Tense Endings 414
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Appendix 12: Adjective Future Tense Endings 422
Appendix 13: Adjectives with +๊ณ ; +๋ค(์) 430
Appendix 14: Adjectives with
+(์ผ)ใด๋ฐ(์), +์/์๋๋ฐ(์) & (์ผ)ใน ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
434
Appendix 15: Adjectives with
+๊ฑฐ๋ (์), +์/์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) & +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
438
Appendix 16: Casual Adjective Endings
+์/์ด, +์/์์ด, +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ์ผ
442
Appendix 17: Particles and Suffixes 446
Appendix 18: Korean Editing Symbols and Handwriting Sheet 448
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Preface
This textbook began its life as a personal collection of language activities
which complemented the textbook Learning Korean: New Directions 1,
(Pilot Edition 1) used in some Australian universities including Monash
University where we started teaching Korean in 1992. In 1995, this meagre
collection grew into a textbook of its own entitled Letโs Speak Korean. The
following year the book went through a major change when Douglas Ling, a
former student of ours and a lecturer in Film Studies at RMIT University (as a
matter of fact, he is happily retired now), started helping us to rephrase the
grammar explanations to be more suitable for Australian learners. The book
title also changed to Talking to Koreans and we started to build a Korean
language learning web site based on the book and kept all the materials on the
site open to the public.
This open access policy was part of our efforts to promote Korean
language in Australia as well as around the world and to help other Korean
language educators who strove to provide a better learning environment
because of a dearth of Korean language learning materials. During the
following years, we kept modifying the book based on studentsโ feedback and
needs, added more learning materials to the web, as well as making another
title change into the current My Korean in 1998. However, in late 2006, we
lost a significant amount of our on-line materials when our university
introduced a new university-wide content management system. Only the
small amount but most important materials, have been migrated into the new
system with generous assistance from the Faculty of Arts. This situation was
somewhat disastrous, however, it gave us a chance to rethink not only the
whole project but also about our approach to teaching, resulting in another
major rewrite for the book.
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We have changed all the situation dialogues to make them more
authentic. In particular, we have broken away from the conventional method
of using mainly polite styles of speech throughout the entire book, because
this method tends to create highly unauthentic situations. For example, this
method created a very unlikely situation where two close friends used the
polite style of speech to each other. Therefore, we have used different styles
of speech which are appropriate to each situation, resulting in the use of close
friend style of speech in most cases. This style of speech is also more
appropriate for our students because they can immediately use it when they
talk to one another or when they talk to their Korean friends.
Another major change is the use of comics for every situation
dialogue to provide more extra-linguistic cues. When we communicate, we
use all kind of extra-linguistic cues available to make sense out of each
otherโs speech. However, text-only dialogues lack these extra-linguistic cues
and make a studentโs job of making sense out of an already foreign language a
lot harder. In order to solve this problem, we have used comics alongside the
recording of each situation dialogue, turning the dialogue multimodal and as
close as to that of a real situation. This multimodal dialogue allows learners
make meaning by using a crucial combination of words, graphics and sound.
Now, we should like to thank all those who have contributed in
different ways to this book:
To the Korea Foundation for the 2008 grant which made it possible to
include the comics for the situation dialogues and gave us the last push
into finishing this book;
To Ju Han Lee from Yeundoo Studio in Korea (http://yeundoo.com) for
the front cover design and the comics for the situation dialogues, and
Lae-Young Lee for her assistance with comic storyboard descriptions;
To Hye-Jung Kim for most of the illustrations other than the situation
dialogue comics;
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xi
To Joel Atkinson, Erin Fitzgerald, Stephen Gartlan and Vicky Ryan for
formatting and editing;
To Youngsam Moon for providing invaluable information about
contemporary Korean expressions used by young people and for various
administrative works including organising a recording party and taking
part in it himself;
To Jihee Jung, Youngsun Hwang, Seongin Choi, Moon Chung and
Seonghwan Ahn for volunteering to do the recording;
To all the past and current students for their valuable feedback and
insights which they have let us gain through the collaborative exploration
of learning the language;
To Jung Sim Kim, Korean studies subject librarian at Monash University
for her hard work in building up the great Korean collection which was
invaluable in writing this book;
To our colleagues at the School of Languages, Cultures and Linguistics at
Monash University, in particular, Robert Irving, Bruce Jacobs, Helen
Marriott, Gloria Davies and Alison Tokita for their support and
encouragement;
And last but not least to our good friends, Lendriani and Nigel Thursfield,
Vicky and William Quek, Janet and Jim Murray, and Douglas and Helena
Ling for their love and support.
Following our open access policy, this book and its accompanying
audio files are licensed under the Creative Commons
Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.5 Australia License in the hope
that this book will make a small contribution to the development of Korean
language education throughout the world. As one of Less Commonly Taught
Languages, Korean still suffers from a dearth of learning materials. Korean
teachers often have to design their courses and develop learning materials that
suit their students on top of their normal teaching duties, let alone their fight
to keep the Korean program alive. We have met many marvelous teachers
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xii
over the years and they have been our inspiration. We hope this book will
help those teachers in their efforts of creating a better learning environment
for their students.
To all, many thanks again for your assistance and encouragement.
Melbourne
10 July, 2009
Young-A Cho
In-Jung Cho
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xiii
To the teacher and the learner
This book is primarily written for a Korean language university course for
beginners, but it may be used in other settings including self-study. The
guidelines, therefore, are focused on teaching or learning in a university
setting, but we suggest that all the users of the book read them regardless of
whether you are a teacher or a student enrolled in a course or you are using it
on your own for independent study.
Objectives
This book is an introduction to contemporary Korean, with special emphasis
on spoken usage for everyday situations. It introduces learners to the Korean
alphabet and everyday situations in Korean culture to help them acquire
โsurvivalโ Korean.
Basic Approach
Our experiences of teaching Korean for more than two decades and the
results of language learning research tell us that a good foundation of
language structures is essential for learners to be successful. This book,
therefore, concentrates on giving learners a good working knowledge of the
basic structure and grammar of the Korean language with a limited number of
vocabulary items that are frequently used in everyday situations. Once they
acquire this knowledge, they can expand their vocabulary quite easily on their
own as need arises. This approach can also maximise small contact hours
(usually four to five hours a week) available in many university settings.
Structure of the book
This book is organised into ten units and is basically taught one unit per week
in one semester. Each unit is composed of three situation dialogues, grammar
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xiv
explanations and various tasks such as role plays, listening, writing and
reading.
The first two units are essentially about some Korean sounds and the
Korean alphabet. Unit One presents usual greetings and introductions
through which learners familiarize themselves with the sounds of the Korean
language. Unit Two deals with the Korean alphabet and is the only unit
without any situation dialogues. Once the students learn the Korean
alphabetic symbols and how these are put together to create meaningful
sounds, they should be able to improve their skills of reading aloud Korean
writing over the course of the rest of the book.
Unit Three and Four introduce the basic Korean sentence structure,
which is in the order of Subject-Object-Verb, compared to the English order
of Subject-Verb-Object. You should not try to understand all of the
expressions in the situation dialogues in Unit Three. We have tried to make
the situation dialogues as natural as possible and this has resulted in the
inclusion of a few expressions that are a bit challenging at this early stage of
learning.
Unit Five is a crucial one which deals with verb conjugations for the
first time. It shows how to attach present tense endings to verb stems, which
are one of many to follow. It is, therefore, vital that students fully grasp this
grammar point.
Unit Six deals with how to make simple suggestions and also
introduces pure Korean numbers one to twelve in the form of telling the time.
This is done deliberately to prepare the learners for the counting nouns to be
introduced in Unit Eight, and also to expose them to the forms of pure Korean
numbers one to four used in conjunction with counting nouns before they
learn the full forms of these numbers.
Unit Seven deals with the past tense verb endings. Once the students
learn these, they can virtually talk about the events of all three tenses, that is,
past, present and future time because the present tense endings in Korean can
be used for many future events as well. Unit Eight and Nine are essentially
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xv
about buying things that involves the learning of pure Korean numbers and
Sino-Korean numbers. Unit Ten presents how to talk about yourself and your
family.
There are eighteen appendices. Appendices One to Sixteen have verb
and adjective conjugation tables. Appendix Seventeen is a list of the particles
and suffixes covered in the book. Appendix Eighteen is a list of basic Korean
editing symbols and a handwriting sheet, which can be used for writing
practice or writing assignments.
Situation dialogues, role plays and listening tasks
As mentioned above, each unit is composed of three situation dialogues,
grammar explanations and various tasks such as role plays, listening, writing
and reading. The situation dialogues, role plays and listening tasks require
some explanation.
The situation dialogues are presented in two modes: comics and
text-only mode. Comics are used to provide extra-linguistic cues which are
normally available when we communicate. The comics and the recording of
each situation dialogue provide multimodal language input to help studentsโ
job of making meaning. There are also some differences in spellings used in
the comics and the corresponding text-only dialogue. We use the colloquial
version in the comics to show how some words are pronounced differently
from their standard spellings.
The situation dialogues are also presented in two settings: the Korean
setting and the Australian setting. The first setting involves mainly two
Korean university students, Minseo Kim and Jihun Park. The second setting
revolves around three university students, Minjun Kim, Paul Smith and
Hyeonu Lee, who are studying in Australia. The presence of any of these
characters will tell you in which setting each dialogue is taking place.
The role plays are somewhat mechanical and different from those
based on communicative methods. They are to provide a more interesting
setting for the practice of speaking and listening. They can, however, be used
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xvi
as a basis for the more communicative nature of role plays by encouraging the
students to be more creative and to play with the language.
The listening tasks are from our old out-of-print listening book
Elementary Task-Centered Listening Comprehension of Korean 1, which was
published in 1994 and later changed its title into Korean Through Active
Listening 1. The listening book was always used alongside the textbook until
it became out of print in early 2008. This development has allowed the
incorporation of the listening tasks into the textbook, resulting in the more
rounded and user-friendly textbook. We have to admit that the expressions in
the listening tasks are not as natural as they should be, but they still provide
good input via listening, which is very important in language learning. The
listening tasks do not have answer keys. It has only the transcript at the end of
the book and the learners are required to find the answers themselves first by
listening and then by reading.
Romanisation
This book has used the Korean government romanisation system.
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1 ์๋ ํ์ธ์? Unit Focus:
Greetings and Introductions
o Greetings
o Introducing Yourself
o Introducing Others
o +ye-yo/i-e-yo โamโ; โareโ; โisโ
o Korean Names
o Addressing People at the Office: Titles
o Addressing Peers at School: โseonbaeโ and
โhubaeโ
o Addressing Unknown People at the Shops
o Saying Goodbye
o Greeting, Thanks and Other Expressions
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UNIT 1 ์๋ ํ์ธ์?
2
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UNIT 1 ์๋ ํ์ธ์?
3
Situation Dialogue 1 Paul, Minseo, Minjun and Jihun are introducing themselves.
Kim
Minseo:
Annyeonghaseyo?
Jeoneun โKim Minseoโyeyo.
Yeonse daehakgyoeseo
yeongmunhak
jeongonghaeyo.
Uri oppayeyo.
Hello,
Iโm ๏ผญinseo Kim.
Iโm majoring in English
Literature at Yonsei
University.
This is my older brother.
(Lit. our older brother)
Kim
Minjun:
Annyeonghaseyo?
โKim Minjunโimnida.
Hoju โMonashโ daehakgyo
gyohwanhaksaengimnida.
Je chingu โPaulโimnida.
Hello,
Iโm Minjun Kim.
Iโm an exchange student from
Monash University in
Australia.
This is my friend, Paul.
Paul
Smith:
Annyeonghaseyo?
โPaul Smithโimnida.
Jeodo โMonashโ daehak
haksaengimnida.
Hangugeohago gyeongjehak
gongbuhamnida.
Hello.
Iโm Paul Smith.
Iโm also a student from
Monash University.
I study Korean language and
economics.
Park
Jihun:
Jeoneun minseo namja chingu
โPark Jihunโirago hamnida.
Iโm Minseoโs boyfriend, Jihun
Park.
(Mineso squints at Jihun.) (Mineso squints at Jihun.)
Kim
Minseo:
Namja chingu aniyeyo. Heโs not my boyfriend.
The romanization used in this textbook is the official Korean language
romanization system in the Republic of Korea.
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Vocabulary
Annyeonghaseyo? Hello; How do you do?
gyohwan haksaeng
exchange student
jeoneun jeo I /me +neun topic particle
chingu friend
+yeyo am/are/is {polite}
jeodo jeo I/me +do also/too
yeonse daehakgyo Yonsei University
daehak university
+eseo at; in haksaeng student
yeongmunhak English literature
hangugeo Korean (language)
jeongonghaeyo major in hago and; with
je my gyeongjehak economics
oppa older brother (term used by females)
gongbu hamnida
study{formal}
+ieyo am/are/is {polite}
namja chingu
Boyfriend
+imnida am/are/is {formal}
+irago hamnida
am/is called {formal}
hoju Australia aniyeyo am/are/is not
monaesi daehakgyo
Monash University
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Greetings
There are three basic ways to greet someone in Korean, depending on what
degree of politeness and/or formality the situation requires:
์๋ ? (Very casual โ not used among adults)
An-nyeong?
์๋ ํ์ธ์? (Honorific)
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
์๋ ํ์ญ๋๊น? (Honorific, formal)
An-nyeong-ha-sim-ni-kka?
1) Generally, you should use the honorific form:
Jack: ์๋ ํ์ธ์?
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
Olivia: ์๋ ํ์ธ์?
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
2) However, when a student greets a teacher, the formal expression can be
used:
Student: ์ ์๋,1 ์๋ ํ์ญ๋๊น?
Seon-saeng-nim, an-nyeong-ha-sim-ni-kka?
Teacher: ์๋ ํ์ธ์?
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
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3) And when two young people bump into each other on the street, they can
just say ์๋ ? (An-nyeong?). Or they might say:
Note 1: The student addresses the teacher by the title โ์ ์๋ (Seon-saeng-
nim)โ, which is respectful. On the other hand, Amanda just addresses her
close friend by name. (There will be more on titles later).
Amanda: Susan,1 ์ด๋ ๊ฐ๋?
Susan, eo-di ga-ni? (Susan, are you going somewhere?)
Susan: ์, ์ด๋ ๊ฐ.
Eung, eo-di ga. (Yeah, I am. Lit. I am going somewhere.)
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Introducing Yourself
After greeting somebody for the first time, you can say:
๋ง๋์ ๋ฐ๊ฐ์ต๋๋ค. Itโs nice to meet you.
Man-na-seo ban-gap-seum-ni-da.
OR
์ฒ์ ๋ต๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค. Iโm pleased to meet you.
Cheo-eum boep-get-seum-ni-da.
And then introduce yourself:
Robert ์ ๋๋ค. (I) am Robert.
Robert-im-ni-da.
Robert ๋ผ๊ณ ํฉ๋๋ค. (I) am Robert. (Lit. I am called โRobertโ.)
Robert-ra-go ham--ni-da.
You may have noticed that the pronoun โIโ is omitted, as is normally the
case in Korean sentences where the subject is obvious.
When referring to the person you are addressing, the Korean pronoun for
โyouโ is almost never used:
Robert ๋? Are (you) Robert?
Robert-ni? (Casual)
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Introducing Others
When introducing somebody, you can use:
(์ด๋ถ์) ๊น ์ ์๋์ด์ธ์. (Honorific)
I-bun-eun Kim Seon-saeng-nim-i-se-yo
This (distinguished person) is Mr. Kim.
(์ด์ชฝ์) John ์ด์์. (Polite)
I-tchog-eun John-i-e-yo.
This (person) is John.
์ ์น๊ตฌ Paul ์ ๋๋ค. (Formal)
Je chin-gu โPaulโ-im-n-ida.
This is my friend, Paul.
Paul ์ด์ผ. (Casual)
โPaulโ-i-ya.
This is Paul.
You will notice that the term for โthis (person)โ is different in each sentence,
and so is the final ending. The term and ending used in the first sentence
show a greater level of respect, and are termed โhonorificโ. (์ด๋ถ์ literally
means โthis distinguished personโ, whereas ์ด์ชฝ์ literally means โover
hereโ.) You can also introduce someone without saying โThis isโ in casual
speech. The use of different verb endings will be introduced in the next unit.
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+i-e-yo/ye-yo โamโ; โareโ; โisโ
We use ending +์ด์์ (i-e-yo) or +์์ (ye-yo) when we want to say
who someone is. In English, you have to change the verb โto beโ depending
on who you are talking about. For example โI am...โ, โYou are...โ, โShe is
...โ, โThey are...โ. However, in Korean, the change is dependant on the last
letter of the personโs name is a vowel or consonant.
If the noun ends in a vowel: +์์ (ye-yo)
์ ๋ ๊น๋ฏผ์์์. I am Minseo Kim.
Jeo-neun Kim Minseo-ye-yo.
If it ends in a consonant: +์ด์์ (i-e-yo)
์ ๋ ๊น๋ฏผ์ค์ด์์. I am Minjun Kim.
Jeo-neun Kim Minjun-i-e-yo.
This structure has the general form โA is Bโ (when B is a noun and not an
adjective) and is therefore widely used. Note that A must be a noun,
pronoun or wh-question word, and B must be a noun and not an adjective.
For example, you cannot use this form to say โHe is stupidโ. You will study
this in more detail further on.
The very casual version of +์ด์์ (i-e-yo) or +์์ (ye-yo) is +์ด์ผ (i-ya)
or +์ผ (ya) which follow the exactly same rule explained above. The formal
version however has only one form, +์ ๋๋ค (im-ni-da).
Noun + i-e-yo/ye-yo (Polite)
Noun + i-ya/ya (Casual)
Noun + im-ni-da (Formal)
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Task 1: Role Play
Introduce yourself to the other students, using the dialogue below.
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ Example Dialogue 1]
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo? How do you do?
[Name]-im-in-da Iโm [name].
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ Example Dialogue 2]
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo? How do you do?
[Name]-( i)-e-yo Iโm [name].
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ Example Dialogue 3]
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo? How do you do?
[Name]-( i)-ra-go-ham-ni-da Iโm [name].
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ Example Dialogue 4]
An-nyeong-ha-sim-ni-kka? How do you do?
[Name]-( i)-ra-go-ham-ni-da Iโm [name].
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Situation Dialogue 2
Kim Yeongjun is meeting a businessman, Robert Irving, at the airport.
Irving: Annyeonghasimnikka?
โRobert Irvingโimnida.
How do you do?
Iโm Robert Irving.
Kim: Annyeonghasimnikka?
โKim Yeongjunโimnida. .
How do you do?
Iโm Kim Yongjun.
Irving: Mannaseo bangapseumnida. Itโs nice to meet you.
Kim: Cheoeum boepgetseumnida. Itโs a pleasure to meet you.
Note: When businessmen from different companies meet, they will
normally shake hands and exchange name cards (๋ช ํจ myeong-ham).
Vocabulary
Annyeonghasimnikka?
How do you do? {honorific, formal}
+imnida.
am/are/is {formal}
mannaseo [manna meet +seo because]
bangapseumnida feel delighted {formal}
cheoeum
the first time
boepgetseumnida meet (with pleasure) {formal}
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Korean Names
Korean names consist of a family name followed by a given name. Most
Korean given names are comprised of two syllables, though some only have
one.
The three most common family names in Korea are ๊น (Kim), ์ด (Yi, often
written Lee), and ๋ฐ (Park). Together, these three names account for around
45% of the population.
Family name groups are divided by patrilineal decent into branches or clans.
(There are about 280 such branches of Kim). Until recently, it was illegal
for people of the same branch to marry, no matter how distantly related.
Branches are usually identified by a place name where the clan is said to
have originated, such as โKyeongju Kimโ.
Common Korean family names:
๊น ์ด ๋ฐ ์ต ์ ์กฐ ์ฅ Kim Yi Pak Choe Cheong Cho Chang
์ค ์ ํ ํ ์ ๊ฐ ์ก Yun Sin Han Hong Yu Kang Song
Korean given names are typically comprised of Sino-Korean characters,
ํ์ (hanja), traditionally chosen with the help of a fortune-teller. Some
parents now give their children names that can only be written in the Korean
alphabet, ํ๊ธ (hangeul).
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Below are the top five baby names for boys and girls in 2006, often used in
television dramas:
๋จ์ (Male)
๋ฏผ์ค ๋ฏผ์ฌ ์งํ ํ์ฐ ์ค์ Minjun Minjae Jihun Hyeonu Junseo
์ฌ์ (Female)
์์ฐ ๋ฏผ์ ์๋น ์ํ ๋ฏผ์ง Seoyeon Minseo Subin Seohyeon Minji
The following are common names in 1975 and 1945 respectively. Note the
female names from 1945 end with โjaโ, equivalent to the โkoโ common in
Japanese female names. This reflects the Japanese colonial period, which
ended in that year:
1975 ๋จ์ (Male) ์ ํ ์ฑํธ ์ฑํ Jeonghun Seongho Seonghun
์ฌ์ (Female) ๋ฏธ์ ์์ ์์ฃผ Miyeong Eunjeong Eunju
1945 ๋จ์ (Male) ์์ ์ํธ ์์ Yeongsu Yeongho Yeongsik
์ฌ์ (Female) ์์ ์ ์ ์์ Yeongja Jeongja Sunja
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Addressing People at the Office: Titles
In Korea titles are very important in showing respect to someone with a
higher position than you. Therefore, if someone has a title and you know it,
you must use it. For example, if someone is a manager, you will call them
โmanagernimโ, even if they are not your manager. You will notice that that
these titles have โnimโ at the end of them, which is used to show respect to
seniors.
Other titles for superiors include:
์ค๋ฏธ์ค ๊ต์๋ Professor Smith
Smith gyo-su-nim
๊น ์ฌ์ฅ๋ Company President Kim
Kim sa-jang-nim
Examples:
(1) ๋ฐ ์ ์๋ ์์ผ์ธ์. Mr. Park, please have a seat.
Pak Seon-saeng-nim an-jeu-se-yo.
(2) (A police officer addressing a well-dressed older man.)
์ ์๋, ์ ์ชฝ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ์ญ์์ค. Sir, please move over there.
Seonsaengnim, jeojjogeuro gasipsio.
When people have no title and are of equal or lower status than you, you can
use their full name + ์จ(ssi). For example, if the lowest person in the office
is called Yeong-Jun Kim, you would refer to them as โKim Yeong-Jun ssiโ.
It is rude however to use โssiโ, if you are a junior to the person you are
addressing.
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โssiโ should also be used after someoneโs given name where there is equal
status, but it is offensive to address anyone by โtheir surname and ์จ(ssi)โ,
such as โ๊น ์จ(Kim ssi)โ, so be careful! It is also not used between people
in the same gender, so it is best to avoid this title at this stage!
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Addressing Peers at School: โseonbaeโ and
โhubaeโ
In Korea, age is very important in establishing the relationship between
speakers. Therefore, when you are at university, you will address people in
the years above or below you with special titles.
The title for someone in a year above you is โ์ ๋ฐฐ (seonbae)โ and โํ๋ฐฐ
(hubae)โ is used for someone in a lower year level. For example, if you are
a 2nd year student, you are the โseonbaeโ of a 1st year student and โhubaeโ of
a 3rd year student.
If you are not very close to a person in an older year level, you would add
the respectful โ๋ (nim)โ to the title, so that they are called โseonbae-nimโ.
However, if you are very close to someone in an older year, you may also
one of the kinship terms (hyeong, nuna, eonni, oppa ).
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Addressing Unknown People at the Shops
Although shop assistants wear name tags, they will never use their given
name to introduce themselves. (You will never have someone say โHi,
Please call me Samโ to you in Korea, even though this might be appropriate
in Australia.)
Depending on the shop, the shop assistant will use โsonnim (customer)โ or
โgogaek-nim (distinguished customer)โ for you, or sometimes a kinship term.
For example, a young clerk at the bank may address a customer with the
polite and neutral term โseonsaeng-nim (Mr/Ms/Teacher)โ or โgogaek-nim
(Dear customer)โ.
In the market, for young girls, they might use โeonniโ, for middle aged
women โajummaโ, and for middle aged men (and maybe younger men too)
โajeossi'. Elderly customers are referred to as โharabeojiโ for men and
โhalmeoniโ for women.
If you need to call out to a staff member to attract their attention, the term
you use depends on the type of business. If you are at a cafรฉ or restaurant,
you can use a kinship term, for example to a young female waitress using
"eonni" (literally older sister) if you are a female, but usually people don't
use any term but simple say "yeogiyo" (literally over here!) to catch their
attention. If you are in a shop, you can use kinship terms as described above
(i.e. eonni, ajumma, ajeossi, harabeoji, halmeoni, etc.).
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Task 2: Role Play
Move around the classroom and introduce yourself to the other students,
using the dialogue below. Write down your classmatesโ namesโ in Korean
if possible.
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ Example Dialogue]
A: An-nyeong-ha-se-yo? How do you do?
[Name]-im-ni-da Iโm [name].
Cheo-eum boep-get-seum-ni-da. Iโm pleased to meet you.
B: [Name]-im-in-da Iโm [name].
Man-na-seo pan-gap-seumnida. Glad to meet you.
์ด๋ฆ ireum (name)
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Task 3: Listening
โ ๋ฌธํ (EXPONENT)
์๋ ํ์ธ์? An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
How are you? / How do you do?
๋ง๋์ ๋ฐ๊ฐ์ต๋๋ค. Man-na-seo ban-gap-seum-ni-da
It's nice to meet you.
A์ด์์/์์. A-i-e-yo/ye-yo
I'm A.
์ฒ์ ๋ต๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค. Cheo-eum boep-get-seum-ni-da.
I'm pleased to meet you.
โ ํ์ ์ดํ (ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
(first or full name) ์จ (ssi) polite neutral title such as Mr. and Ms.
โ Listen carefully to the following dialogue in which two people are
greeting each other. Draw lines connecting pairs of people who are greeting
each other. Ready? Listen!
1.ํ ๋ง์ค Thomas a.์์ง Yeongjin (male)
2.์์ Susan b.์๋ฏธ Sumi (female)
3.ํด Paul c.์ ์ Seonyeong (female)
4.์๋ง๋ค Amanda d.๋ฏผ์ญ Minseop (male)
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Situation Dialogue 3
Robert Irving is leaving Korea and saying goodbye to Kim Yeongjun.
Irving: Gamsahamnida.
Annyeonghi gyesipsio.
Thank you.
Goodbye.
Kim: Annyeonghi gasipsio. Goodbye.
Minjunโs sister is seeing him off as he goes to Australia as an exchange
student.
Minseo: Oppa, jal ga. Bye, Minjun. (Lit. Bye, older brother)
Minjun: Jal isseo. Take care.
Minseo: Jeonhwahae. Call me.
Minjun: Arasseo. Okay.
Vocabulary
gamsahamnida
thank you
annyeonghi safely/in good health
gyesipsio
stay; be {honorific, formal}
gasipsio go {honorific, formal}
oppa older brother (term used by females)
jal well; safely; much
ga
go {casual}
isseo
stay {casual}
jeonhwahae ring; call {casual}
arasseo okay {casual}
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Saying Goodbye
When saying goodbye to one who is leaving, you can say:
์๋ ํ ๊ฐ์ธ์. An-nyeong-hi ga-se-yo. (Honorific)
์๋ ํ ๊ฐ์ญ์์ค. An-nyeong-hi ga-sip-s-io. (Honorific, formal)
์ ๊ฐ. Jal ga. (Casual)
When you are saying goodbye to one who is staying, you can say:
์๋ ํ ๊ณ์ธ์. An-nyeong-hi gye-se-yo. (Honorific)
์๋ ํ ๊ณ์ญ์์ค. An-nyeon-ghi gye-sip-si-o.(Honorific, formal)
์ ์์ด. Jal iss-eo. (Casual)
Close friends who are young will just say โ์๋ Annyeongโ in both
instances.
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Task 4: Role Play
When you leave at the end of the class, say good-bye to your teacher (who is
staying) and your classmates (who are leaving).
Task 5: Writing
How should you say goodbye in the following situations?
You areโฆ talking toโฆ atโฆ so you sayโฆ
student teacher street Annyeonghi kaseyo.
student teacher teacherโs office
student friend street
student friend friendโs home
customer pharmacist pharmacy
waitress customer restaurant
son mother home Danyeoogetseumnida 1
bank teller customer bank
businessman customer airport
Note 1: Used when you are leaving home but will be coming back later.
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Task 6: Listening
โ ๋ฌธํ (EXPONENT)
์๋ ํ ๊ฐ์ธ์/๊ฐ์ญ์์ค.
An-nyeong-hi ga-se-yo/ga-sip-s-io.
Goodbye to one who is leaving.
์๋ ํ ๊ณ์ธ์/๊ณ์ญ์์ค.
An-nyeong-hi gye-se-yo/gye-sip-s-io.
Goodbye to one who is staying.
โ ํ์ ์ดํ (ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
์ ์ seonsaeng
teacher +๋ nim
sir/madam
โ You are going to hear some dialogue in which two people are saying
goodbye to each other. As you know, Korean has different expressions for
"Goodbye" depending on whether it is directed to someone leaving or
staying. Listen carefully and write down L(eaving) in the box next to the
people who are leaving and S(taying) to the people who are staying. Ready?
Listen!
1. ํ ๋ง์ค Thomas ์๋ฏธ Sumi (female)
2. ์์ง Yeongjin (male) ์์ Susan
3. ํด Paul ์ ์๋ (teacher)
seonsaengnim
4. ๋ฏผ์ญ Minseop (male) ์๋ง๋ค Amanda
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UNIT 1 ์๋ ํ์ธ์?
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Greetings, Thanks and Other Expressions
(1) ์๋ ? An-nyeong? (Very casual โ not used among adults)
Hi!
(2) ์๋ ํ์ธ์? (Honorific) An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
How are you?
(3) ์๋ ํ์ญ๋๊น? (Honorific, formal) An-nyeong-ha-sim-ni-kka?
How are you?
(4) ๋ง๋์ ๋ฐ๊ฐ์. (Casual) Man-na-seo ban-ga-wo๏ผ
Nice to meet you.
(5) ๋ง๋์ ๋ฐ๊ฐ์ต๋๋ค. (Formal) Man-na-seo ban-gap-seum-ni-da๏ผ
Pleased to meet you.
(6) ์ฒ์ ๋ต๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค. (Formal) Cheo-eum boep-get-seum-ni-da.
Itโs a pleasure to meet you.
(Lit. First time see you)
(7) ์ค๋๊ฐ๋ง์ ๋๋ค. (Formal) O-rae-gan-man-im-ni-da.
Itโs been a long time.
(8) ์ค๋๊ฐ๋ง์ด์์. O-rae-gan-man-i-e-yo.
Long time no see.
(9) ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ์ง๋ด์ธ์? Eo-tteo-ke-ji-nae-se-yo?
How are you doing?
(10) ์ ์ง๋ด์. Jal-ji-nae-yo.
I am fine.
(11) ๊ทธ์ ๊ทธ๋์. Geu-jeo-geu-rae-yo.
So-so.
(12) ๋ ๋ต๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค. (Formal) Tto-poep-ge-sseum-ni-da.
Hope to see you again.
(13) ๋ฏธ์ํฉ๋๋ค. (Formal) Mi-an-ham-ni-da.
Iโm sorry.
(14) ๋ฆ์ด์ ๋ฏธ์ํฉ๋๋ค. (Formal) Neoj-eo-seo mi-an-ham-ni-da.
I am sorry, Iโm late.
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UNIT 1 ์๋ ํ์ธ์?
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(15) ๊ด์ฐฎ์ต๋๋ค. (Formal) Gwaen-chan-sseum-ni-da.
Itโs all right.
(16) ๊ด์ฐฎ์. (Casual) Gwaen-chan-a-yo.
Itโs O.K.
(17) ๊ฐ์ฌํฉ๋๋ค. Gam-sa-ham-ni-da.
Thank you.
(18) ๊ณ ๋ง์ต๋๋ค. Go-map-seum-ni-da.
Thank you.
(19) ๊ณ ๋ง์. (Casual) Go-ma-wo.
Thanks๏ผ
(20) ๋ญ์. Mwol-yo.
Youโre welcome.
(21) ์๋์์. A-ni-ye-yo.
Youโre welcome. (Lit. It is not.)
(22) ๋ค/์. Ne/Ye.
Yes.
(23) ์/์ด. Eung/eo.
Yeah.
(24) ์ ๊ธฐ์. Jeo-gi-yo.
Excuse me.
(25) ์ ๊น๋ง์/์ ์๋ง์. Jam-kkan-man-yo/Jam-si-man-yo.
Wait a minute, please.
(26) ์๋์/ ์๋จ. A-ni-yo/A-nyo.
No.
(27) ์๋. A-ni.
Nope./Nah.
(28) ์ ๊ฐ. (Casual) Jal ga.
Goodbye (to someone leaving)
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UNIT 1 ์๋ ํ์ธ์?
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(29) ์๋ ํ ๊ฐ์ธ์. (Honorific) An-nyeong-hi ga-se-yo.
Goodbye (to someone leaving)
(30) ์๋ ํ ๊ฐ์ญ์์ค.(Honorific, formal) An-nyeong-hi ga-sip-si-o.
Goodbye (to someone leaving)
(31) ์ ์์ด. (Casual) Jal iss-eo.
Goodbye (to someone staying)
(32) ์๋ ํ ๊ณ์ธ์. (Honorific) An-nyeong-hi gye-se-yo.
Goodbye (to someone staying)
(33) ์๋ ํ ๊ณ์ญ์์ค.(Honorific, formal) An-nyeong-hi gye-sip-si-o.
Goodbye (to someone staying)
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UNIT 1 ์๋ ํ์ธ์?
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2 ํ๊ธ
Unit Focus:
Reading Hangeul
Writing Hangeul
Sound Shifts
Classroom Expressions
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UNIT 2 ํ๊ธ
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์บ
Hangeul
We write English by stringing individual letters together. But when using the
Korean writing system Hangeul, we have to think in terms of syllables. A
simple example is the word โCanadaโ - Ca-na-da. In Korean this becomes
์บ๋๋ค. Every Korean syllable occupies the same amount of space, no matter
how many characters are in the syllable, and are written to fit into a square
box. Like English, Hangeul is comprised of consonants and vowels.
Camera Ca-me-ra ์นด ๋ฉ ๋ผ
ka me Ra
Peter Pe-ter ํผ ํฐ
pi teo
Mary Ma-ry ๋ฉ ๋ฆฌ
me ri
Banana Ba-na-na ๋ฐ ๋ ๋
ba na na
Radio Ra-di-o ๋ผ ๋ ์ค
ra di o
kae na da
๋ ๋ค
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UNIT 2 ํ๊ธ
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Basic Consonants
(1) ใฑ k/g (as in kid or game)
(2) ใท t/d (as in tiger or dog)
(3) ใ p/b (as in pig or bed)
(4) ใ ch/j (as in charming or jungle)
(5) ใ s (as in speech)
(6) ใ m (as in mother)
(7) ใด n (as in noise)
(8) ใน r/l (as in rain or lily)
(9) ใ h (as in high)
(10) ใ 1 ng (as in ring) This sound only applies when ใ is the
final consonant of a syllable. When the same symbol
is used at the start of a syllable it has no sound, and
acts as a dummy consonant for syllables that begin
with a vowel.
Note: According to the original Hunmin Jeongeum text:
ใฑ depicts the root of the tongue blocking the throat;
ใด depicts the outline of the tongue touching the upper palate;
ใ depicts the outline of the mouth;
ใ depicts the outline of the incisors (the teeth at the front);
ใ depicts the outline of the throat.
The other symbols were derived by adding strokes to the basic ones.
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UNIT 2 ํ๊ธ
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Practise writing the consonants, paying attention to the stroke order shown
below.
Symbol Sound Name
g/k giyeok ใฑ ใฑ ใฑ ใฑ ใฑ ใฑ
n nieun ใดใด ใด ใด ใด ใด
d/t digeut ใท ใท ใท ใท ใท ใท
r/l rieul ใน ใน ใน ใน ใน ใน
m mieum ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ
b/p biup ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ
s/t siot ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ
ร/ng ieung ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ
j/t jieut ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ
h/t hieut ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ
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UNIT 2 ํ๊ธ
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The Pure Vowel
The vowel ใ is equivalent to the second and last โaโ in Canada. Practise
writing the consonants on the left with ใ to form syllables.
ใฑ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ
ใด ๋ ๋ ๋ ๋ ๋ ๋ ๋ ๋
ใท ๋ค ๋ค ๋ค ๋ค ๋ค ๋ค ๋ค ๋ค
ใน ๋ผ ๋ผ ๋ผ ๋ผ ๋ผ ๋ผ ๋ผ ๋ผ
ใ ๋ง ๋ง ๋ง ๋ง ๋ง ๋ง ๋ง ๋ง
ใ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ
ใ ์ฌ ์ฌ ์ฌ ์ฌ ์ฌ ์ฌ ์ฌ ์ฌ
ใ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์
ใ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์
ใ ํ ํ ํ ํ ํ ํ ํ ํ
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UNIT 2 ํ๊ธ
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With these syllables we can now create some Korean words:
(1) ๊ฐ๋ ka-na Ghana (African country)
(2) ๋๋ผ na-ra country
(3) ๋ค๋ฆฌ ta-ri leg; bridge
(4) ๋ผ๋์ค ra-di-o radio
(5) ๋ง์ฐจ ma-cha carriage
(6) ๋ฐ๋ค pa-da ocean
(7) ์ฌ์ sa-ja lion
(8) ์ ja ruler
(9) ํ๋ ha-na one
Each word above is made up of syllables containing an initial consonant and a
vowel. This is a basic rule - every written Korean syllable must contain an
initial consonant and a vowel.
(10) ์๊ธฐ a-gi baby
(11) ์๋ด a-nae wife
(12) ์๋ a-rae under; below
(13) ์๋ง a-ma perhaps
(14) ์์์ a-si-a Asia
(15) ์๋ฆฌ์ a-ri-a aria
In this group, there are syllables that begin with the dummy consonant ใ ,
which has no sound. Remember, there has to be a consonant at the beginning
of the syllable!
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UNIT 2 ํ๊ธ
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(16) ์ฌ๋ sa-rang love
(17) ์ฐ san mountain
(18) ์ฌ๋ sa-ram person
(19) ๊ฐ kang river
(20) ์ฅ๋ง chang-ma long rain
This last group includes syllables that also have a final consonant. These
syllables must still fit into the โsquare boxโ even though there is an extra
letter. The space occupied by the initial consonant and the vowel is reduced to
allow room underneath for the final consonant.
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UNIT 2 ํ๊ธ
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Task 1: Listen and Write
Listen and fill in the missing first consonant in the space in each box. The first
and second ones have been done for you.
1. ๊ฐ ๋ Ghana
2. ๊ฐ river
3. ใ ๋ผ country
4. ใ ๋น butterfly
5. ใ ๋ฆฌ .... leg; bridge
6. ใ ๋ ์ค radio
7. ใ ์ค ํฌ mask
8. ใ ์ hearts and minds
9. ใ ๋ ๋ banana
10. ใ ๋ค ocean
11. ใ ๋ person
12. ใ ๋ love
13. ใ ์ lion
14. ใ ๊ธฐ baby
15. ใ ์ ์ Asia
16. ใ ruler
17. ใ ๊ธฐ oneself; you
18. ํ ใ one (in number)
19. ใ ๋ง hippopotamus
20. ใ ์ง ๋ง but
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UNIT 2 ํ๊ธ
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Aspirated Consonants
(1) ใ k (as in kite)
(2) ใ t (as in tank)
(3) ใ p (as in punk)
(4) ใ ch (as in cheese)
Practise writing these aspirated consonants.
Symbol Sound Name
k kieuk ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ
t tieut ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ
p pieup ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ
ch/t chieut
To understand what an aspirated consonant is, put your hand in front of your
lips while saying kite. You can feel a burst of air. The difference between ใ
(an aspirated consonant) and ใฑ (a simple consonant) is the amount of air you
exhale when you make the sound. When you pronounce ใฑ, the amount of air
you expel is quite small. This difference is similar to that between
โใ and ใทโ, โใ and ใ โ and โใ and ใ โ.
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UNIT 2 ํ๊ธ
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Now make some syllables with ใ :
ใ ์นด ์นด ์นด ์นด ์นด ์นด ์นด ์นด
ใ ํ ํ ํ ํ ํ ํ ํ ํ
ใ ํ ํ ํ ํ ํ ํ ํ ํ
์ฐจ ์ฐจ ์ฐจ ์ฐจ ์ฐจ ์ฐจ ์ฐจ ์ฐจ
Examples:
(1) ์ฐจ cha tea; car
(2) ์ฐจํ cha-pyo railroad (bus, streetcar) ticket
(3) ์นด๋ ka-deu card
(4) ์นด๋ฉ๋ผ ka-me-ra camera
(5) ํ์๊ธฐ ta-ja-gi typewriter
(6) ํ์ด์ด ta-i-o tire
(7) ํ๋ pa-do wave
(8) ํ๋ฆฌ pa-ri Paris
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UNIT 2 ํ๊ธ
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Task 2: Listening
โ ํ์ ๋ฌธ์ (ESSENTIAL LETTERS: Consonants +์)
๊ฐ ๋ ๋ค ๋ผ ๋ง ๋ฐ ์ฌ ์ ์ ์ฐจ ์นด ํ ํ ํ
โ You will practise the Korean consonants with the vowel '์'. Draw lines
connecting two letters that you hear. Try to read them aloud on your own
before you begin. Ready? Listen!
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UNIT 2 ํ๊ธ
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Other Pure Vowels
In English there are five pure vowels: โaโ, โeโ, โiโ, โoโ and โuโ. There are also
many combination vowels, like โeaโ in the word wheat, โoiโ in the word noise,
and โouโ in house. The word Canada illustrates a major problem in learning to
pronounce English. The same letter, in this case โaโ, can have more than one
pronunciation. But happily, in Korean each vowel symbol always represents
the same sound. So once youโve learnt the symbols, you will always know
how to pronounce the correct sound.
There are nine pure vowels:
(1) ใ a (as in Canada)
(2) ใ ae (as in Canada)
(3) ใ eo (as in computer)
(4) ใ e (as in bed)
(5) ใ u (as in book)
(6) ใ ฃ i (as in see)
(7) ใ oe (as in wet)
The last two pure vowels are harder to pronounce as there are no direct
equivalents in English.
(8) ใ ก eu (If you say โthe cat sat on the matโ stressing โcat and
matโ, the sound of the unstressed โeโ in the โtheโ is close
to this vowel.)
(9) ใ o (This is the hardest to get right. It is somewhere between
the โoโ in hope and the โorโ in horde. The sound comes
from the front of the mouth with your lips forming a
circle.)
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UNIT 2 ํ๊ธ
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Note 1: All vowel symbols are formed by combining the following three
basic elements: โยทโ depicts heaven; โใ กโ depicts earth; and โใ ฃโ depicts
humankind.
Mouth position of vowels
As you can see from the diagram below, the vowels in Korean depend on how
open the mouth is when pronounced and whether the sound is produced from
the front of the mouth or the back near the throat. Therefore, it is hard to
distinguish between ์ and ์ as they are both pronounced from a similar
mouth position with only a very slight difference in the opening of the mouth.
Note 2: It is customary for vowels to be preceded by the dummy consonant
โใ โ when they stand independently: ์, ์ , ์ด, ์, ์ฐ, ์ด, ์ธ, ์ผ and ์ค.
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UNIT 2 ํ๊ธ
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Now practise writing them with the dummy consonant โใ โ stroke by stroke:
Symbol Sound
& Name
a ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์
eo ์ด ์ด ์ด ์ด ์ด ์ด ์ด
o ์ค ์ค ์ค ์ค ์ค ์ค ์ค
u ์ฐ ์ฐ ์ฐ ์ฐ ์ฐ ์ฐ ์ฐ
eu ์ผ ์ผ ์ผ ์ผ ์ผ ์ผ ์ผ
i ์ด ์ด ์ด ์ด ์ด ์ด ์ด
ae ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์
e ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์
oe ์ธ ์ธ ์ธ ์ธ ์ธ ์ธ ์ธ
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UNIT 2 ํ๊ธ
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Task 3: Listening
โ ํ์ ๋ฌธ์ (ESSENTIAL LETTERS: Vowels)
โ You will practise some Korean vowels. Draw lines connecting two letters
that you hear. Try to read them aloud on your own before you begin. Ready?
Listen!
์ ์ผ ์ด ์ฌ ์ค ์ ์ฐ ์ ์ผ ์ด
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UNIT 2 ํ๊ธ
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Writing Syllables
As mentioned earlier, every syllable is written to fit into the same imaginary
square boxโno matter how many characters are in the syllable. How the box
is divided up depends first on the shape of the vowel. When you look at the
pure vowels, you will see that they have a predominant shape. Thus we can
think of them as being vertical: ใ ใ ใ ฃ ใ ใ , horizontal: ใ ใ ใ ก, or
combined: ใ . Have a look at how the vowel shapes the syllable:
With vertical vowels with no end consonant, the box is divided vertically in
half, with the initial consonant on the left and the vowel on the right:
๊ฐ ์ปค ์ด ์ ํ
With vertical vowels with an end consonant, the space for the initial
consonant and vowel is reduced to allow room underneath for the final
consonant:
๊ฐ ์ปด ์ผ ์ ํ
With horizontal vowels with no end consonant, the box is divided in half
horizontally, with the initial consonant at the top and the vowel at the bottom:
๋ ์ฐ ํฌ ๊ดด
With horizontal vowels with an end consonant, again the end consonant is
placed at the bottom. The initial consonant and vowel are pushed upwards:
๋ ์ ํด ๊ต
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UNIT 2 ํ๊ธ
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Examples:
(1) ๋ ๋ชฌ lemon
(2) ๋ฒ์ค bus
(3) ์ํผ๋ง์ผ supermarket
(4) ์์ด์คํฌ๋ฆผ ice cream
(5) ์จ๋ฒ album
(6) ์ค๋ ์ง orange
(7) ์ฃผ์ค juice
(8) ์นด์ธํธ cassette
(9) ์บฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฃจ kangaroo
(10) ์ปคํผ coffee
(11) ์ปดํจํฐ computer
(12) ํ์ taxi
(13) ํ ๋์ค tennis
(14) ํ ๋ ๋น์ television
(15) ํผ์๋ ธ piano
(16) ํผ์ pizza
(17) ํ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ hamburger
(18) ํธํ hotel
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Task 4: Listening
โ ํ์ ๋ฌธ์ (ESSENTIAL LETTERS: Consonants + Vowels)
โ You will practise various combinations of Korean consonants and vowels.
Draw lines connecting two letters that you hear. Try to read them aloud on
your own before you begin. Ready? Listen!
๊ฐ ๊ณ ๋ ๋ ๋ค ๋ ๋ฃจ ๋ฌ ๋ฏธ ๋ฌด ๋ธ ๋ฒ ์ ์ ์ฃผ ์ ์น ์ด ์ปค ํฌ ํธ ํผ ํ ํธ
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Tensed Consonants
(1) ใฒ kk (as in sky)
(2) ใธ tt (as in stop)
(3) ใ pp (as in spy)
(4) ใ jj (similar to its easy)
(5) ใ ss (as in essence)
A tensed consonant such as ใฒ sounds like trying to pronounce two ใฑ at the
same time. It requires more effort and you need to tense the muscles around
your vocal chords.
Now practise writing these consonants: Symbol Sound Name
ใฒ kk ssang giyeok ใฒ ใฒ ใฒ ใฒ ใฒ ใฒ
ใธ tt ssang digeut ใธ ใธ ใธ ใธ ใธ ใธ
ใ pp ssang bieup ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ
ใ jj ssang jieut ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ
ใ ss ssang siot ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ
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Examples:
(1) ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ tail
(2) ๋ฐ๋ผ ํ์ธ์ repeat after me
(3) ๋ฐ๋น ์ (I am) busy
(4) ์ง์ (It is) salty
(5) ์ธ์ (It is) cheap
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Pronouncing Final Consonants
All the consonants except for ใธ, ใ and ใ can be final consonants.
However, there are only seven final consonant sounds when pronouncing
individual syllables. These are called Batchim (๋ฐ์นจ) and have their own
sound:
Consonant Sound Example
(1) ใฑ k ๊ทน์ฅ cinema
(2) ใด n ๋ eye; snow
(3) ใท t ๋ฃ๊ธฐ listening
(4) ใน r/ l ๋ฐ foot
(5) ใ m ์์ music
(6) ใ p ๋ฐฅ cooked rice; meal
(7) ใ ng ์ฑ๊ฐํฌ๋ฅด Singapore
Other final consonants take on one of the above seven end consonant sounds:
Consonant Sound Example
(8) ใ k (ใฑ) ๋ถ์ kitchen
(9) ใฒ k (ใฑ) ๊น๋ค cut down
(10) ใ t (ใท) ์ท clothes
(11) ใ t (ใท) ์๋ค bought
(12) ใ t (ใท) ๋ฎ daytime
(13) ใ t (ใท) ๊ฝ flower
(14) ใ t (ใท) ๋ end
(15) ใ t (ใท) ํ์ the name of Korean
letter โใ โ
(16) ใ p (ใ ) ์ front
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Task 5: Listening
โ ํ์ ๋ฌธ์(ESSENTIAL LETTERS: Consonant + Vowel +Consonant)
๊ฐ ๊ณต ๊ธธ ๊น ๋จ ๋ฌธ ๋ฏผ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ ๋ณ ์ ์ฑ ์ ์ก ์น ์ ์ฌ ์ ์ ์ ์ฐ ์ผ ์ฅ ์ค ์ ์ธ ์ ์ฅ ์ ์ ์ง ์ฒ ํ ํ ํจ ํ ํ ํ
โ You will practise Korean letters consisting of 'consonant + vowel +
consonant' and belonging to Korean Family names. Draw lines connecting
the letters in the sequence that you hear. Have a look at the letters and read
them aloud before you begin. The first pair is given as a starting point.
Ready? Listen.
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Combined Vowels
There are twelve combination vowels:
โiโ + a, eo, o, u, ae, e Examples
(1) ใ ya (as in yard) ์ผ๊ตฌ baseball
(2) ใ yeo (between yawn and young) ์ฌ์ female
(3) ใ yo (similar to yor- of New York) ์๋ฆฌ์ฌ chef
(4) ใ yu (as in new) ์ ๋ฆฌ glass
(5) ใ yae (as in yam) ์๊ธฐ story
(6) ใ ye (as in yes) ์ yes
โoโ + a, ae, i
(7) ใ wa (as in Washington) ๊ณผ์ sweets
(8) ใ wae (as in swam) ์ why
โuโ + o, e, i
(9) ใ wo (as in was) ๋ญ what
(10) ใ we (as in wet) ์จ์ดํฐ waiter
(11) ใ wi (as in weak) ๊ท ear
โeuโ + i
(12) ใ ข ui (as in โcan weโ
if you say it quickly)
์์ฌ doctor
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Now practise writing them with the dummy consonant โใ โ stroke by stroke: Symbol Sound
& Name
ya ์ผ ์ผ ์ผ ์ผ ์ผ ์ผ ์ผ
yeo ์ฌ ์ฌ ์ฌ ์ฌ ์ฌ ์ฌ ์ฌ
yo ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์
yu ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์
yae ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์
ye ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์
wa ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์
wae ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์
wo ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์
we ์จ ์จ ์จ ์จ ์จ ์จ ์จ
wi ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์
ui ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์
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Task 6: Read Street Signs
Read the following street signs. 1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
6. 7.
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Task 7: Listening
โ ํ์ ์ดํ (ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY: Country Names)
๊ฐ๋ด Gabon ๋๋ฏธ๋น์ Namibia
๋์ด์ง๋ฆฌ์ Nigeria ๋์ ๋ฅด Niger
๋ฆฌ๋น์ Libya ๋ง๋ค๊ฐ์ค์นด๋ฅด Madagascar
๋ง๋ฆฌ Mali ๋ชจ๋ก์ฝ Moroco
๋ชจ๋ฆฌํ๋ Mauritanie ๋ชจ์ ๋นํฌ Mozambique
๋ณด์ธ ์๋ Botswana ์๋ง๋ฆฌ์ Somalia
์๋จ Sudan ์์ ๋ฆฌ Algeria
์๊ณจ๋ผ Angola ์ํฐ์คํผ์ Ethiopia
์ด์งํธ Egypt ์์ด๋ฅด Zaire
์ ๋น์ Zambia ์ฐจ๋ Chad
์ผ๋ Kenya ํ์๋์ Tanzania
โ In this task, you will continue to practise the alphabet using the names of
African countries. Write down the number of the country that you hear next to
the country name on the map below. Have a look at the map and read aloud
the country names before you begin. Ready? Listen!
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Sound Shifts
1. Resyllabification
You will have noticed that some of the consonants are represented by two
roman letters, for example ใฑ:k/g, ใท: t/d and ใ :p/b. When these consonants
end an individual syllable, we use the k, t, p set of sounds but the sound is cut
off. The same thing can happen in English. Say the words pot, pop, pock very
quickly. You will find that you donโt actually make the t, p, k sounds at the
ends of the words. Your mouth goes to a position to make the sounds but
doesnโt go through with it. We say that these end consonants are โunreleasedโ.
While in English you can say these words more clearly and enunciate the end
consonants, in Korean these t, k, p end consonants are always unreleased
when we say a syllable on its own.
But when we run syllables together, the end sound can shift depending on
what follows. Again the same thing applies in English. Say the following
sentences quickly, and with a bit of a drawl:
look over there
sit on the chair
drop in some time
When you say these quickly, you always sound the k, t, and p at the end of
โlookโ, โsitโ and โdropโ. But the sound can also slide: k to g, t to d and p to b. If
you say these consonants in pairs, you will see that the way you use your
mouth to make them is very close. So when you talk quickly, it is very easy to
slide from one to the other. Another example is the phrase โsit downโ. When
you say it quickly, it naturally becomes โsiddownโ. It takes more effort to
make distinct t and d sounds and you have to talk more slowly.
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People generally like to speak quickly, and the sound shift allows that with
minimum effort. Look at the Korean word for โthinkโ:
์๊ฐํด์. Saeng-kak-hae-yo.
The romanization represents the pronunciation if you say it very slowly, one
syllable at a time. Practise these separately and then say them quickly,
running them together. You will find that the sounds shift a bit and a smooth
and natural pronunciation is saenggakaeyo.
For the same reason:
์ฑ ์ด is not chaek-i but chaegi
๋จน์ด์ is not meok-eo-yo but meogeoyo
๋ฏธ์ํฉ๋๋ค is not mi-an-hap-ni-ta but mianhamnida
ํ๊ธ is not han-keul but hangeul.
2. Consonant assimilation
The nasal consonants are ใด and ใ . To keep pronunciation easy and flowing
some consonants get changed before these two consonants as shown below:
Some p-based sounds become โmโ:
ใ , ใ ใ sound
Some t, s, ch, and h-based sounds become โnโ:
ใท, ใ , ใ , ใ , ใ , ใ , ใ ใด sound
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k/g based sounds become โngโ, like in English singer (not sin-ger)
ใฑ, ใ , ใฒ ใ sound
Examples
Spelling Pronunciation
์ ๋๋ค ์๋๋ค
์๋๋ฐ ์ธ๋๋ฐ
์ผํ๋ ์ด๋๋
ใน also has its own assimilation rules. If ใน and ใด come together, the ใน
wins (donโt say the ใด at all). It means the n BECOMES an l. If ใน comes
before an โ๏ฝโ or โyโ sound the ใน sound is doubled. More of an โlโ sound
than an โrโ sound.
ใน + ใด double ใน (l) sound
ใน + (์ด, ์ผ, ์ฌ, ์ , etc.) double ใน (l) sound
Examples
Spelling Pronunciation
์ง๋ฆฌ ์ง๋ฆฌ
๊ณค๋ ๊ณจ๋
ํ๋ ํ๋ จ
์์ธ์ญ ์์ธ๋ ฅ
These changes are made to keep pronunciation economical.
Have you ever wondered how Koreans seem to be able to speak so fast?
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3. Tensification
The following shows the difference between untensed and tensed consonants
in Korean:
Untensed
ใฑ
ใท
ใ
ใ
ใ
Tensed
ใฒ
ใธ
ใ
ใ
ใ
Sometimes itโs easier to tense a consonant when itโs before another strong
consonant, rather than assimilating it like we did with the nasal consonants
ใด and ใ .
Examples
Spelling Pronunciation
ํ๊ต ํ๊พ
์๋น ์๋
๊ตญ๋ฐฅ ๊ตญ๋นฑ
์ฑ ์ ์ฑ ์
์์ ์์ฉจ
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4. Aspiration and ใ weakening
The โhโ sound is very weak in English as well as Korean. For example, when
you pronounce โhourโ it sounds like โourโ. The โใ โ tends to become silent in
casual speech between vowels, after the nasal consonants ใด and ใ , or after
the consonant ใน.
Examples
Spelling Pronunciation
์ข์์ ์กฐ์์
์ ํ ์ ๋
๊ฐํ ๊ฐ๋ฏธ
๋งํด ๋ด ๋ง๋ ๋ด
When ใ precedes or follows immediately ใฑ, ใท, ใ or ใ , it becomes silent
but making these soft consonants harder (or aspirated):
Softer
ใฑ
ใท
ใ
ใ
Harder
ใ
ใ
ใ
ใ
Examples
Spelling Pronunciation
์ถํ ์ถ์นด
์ข๋ค ์กฐํ
์ ํ ์ดํ
๊ทธ๋ ์ง ๊ทธ๋ฌ์น
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You donโt have to think of these sound shifts as a set of rules that you must
learn. If you practise saying the syllables quickly, running them together, the
reason for the shifts will become obvious, and eventually altering your
pronunciation in this way will become natural.
Pronouncing Korean is relatively easy because, apart from these sound shifts,
Korean words sound the way they look. As you will be introduced to new
words, sentences, and the like, through printed text, it is important that you
devote some time to learning Hangeul.
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Task 8: Read and Match
Write the capital cities next to the appropriate Australian state or territory
underneath. The first one has been done for you.
Capital Cities
a.๋ค์ e. ์ ๋ค๋ ์ด๋
b. ๋ฉ๋ฒ๋ฅธ f. ํผ์ค
c. ๋ธ๋ฆฌ์ฆ๋ฒ g. ์บ๋ฒ๋ผ โ
d. ์๋๋ h. ํธ๋ฐํธ
State or Territory Capital City
1. ์ค์คํธ๋ ์ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์บํผํธ ํ ๋ฆฌํ ๋ฆฌ ์บ๋ฒ๋ผ
2. ๋ด ์ฌ์ฐ์ค ์จ์ผ์ค
3. ๋น ํ ๋ฆฌ์
4. ์ฌ์ฐ์ค ์ค์คํธ๋ ์ผ๋ฆฌ์
5. ๋ ธ๋ ํ ๋ฆฌํ ๋ฆฌ
6. ์จ์คํด ์ค์คํธ๋ ์ผ๋ฆฌ์
7. ํธ์ฆ๋๋
8. ํ์ฆ๋ฉ์ด๋์
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Task 9: Read and Match
Write the capital cities next to the appropriate country underneath. The first
one has been done for you.
Capital Cities
a. ์์ธ โ h. ์์นด๋ฅดํ
b. ์คํ์ i. ํ ํค๋
c. ์ฝธ๋ผ๋ฃธํธ๋ฅด j. ๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ
d. ๋์ฟ k. ์บ๋ฒ๋ผ
e. ์์ฑํด l. ํ๋ฆฌ (Paris)
f. ํ์ด๋ฒ ์ด m. ๋ฒ ์ด์ง
g. ๋ฐ๋
Country Capital City Country Capital City
1. ํ๊ตญ ์์ธ 8. ์ธ๋๋ค์์
2. ๋๋ง/ํ์ด์ 9. ์ผ๋ณธ (Japan)
3. ๋ ์ผ (Germany) 10. ์ค๊ตญ (China)
4. ๋ง๋ ์ด์์ 11. ์บ๋๋ค
5. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ (USA) 12. ํ๋์ค
6. ์๊ตญ (England) 13. ํธ์ฃผ /
์ค์คํธ๋ ์ผ๋ฆฌ์ 7. ์ด๋
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Classroom Expressions
(1) ์ฑ ํด์ธ์. Chaek pyeoseyo.
Open your book.
(2) ์ ๋ค์ผ์ธ์. Jal deureuseyo.
Listen carefully.
(3) ๋ฐ๋ผ ํ์ธ์. Ttara haseyo.
Repeat after me.
(4) ์ฝ์ด ๋ณด์ธ์. Ilgeo boseyo
Please read.
(5) ๋๋ตํด ๋ณด์ธ์. Daedapae boseyo.
Answer (the question).
(6) ์จ ๋ณด์ธ์. Sseo boseyo.
Please write it.
(7) ์๊ฒ ์ด์? Algesseoyo?
Do you understand?
(8) ๋ค, ์๊ฒ ์ด์. Ne, algesseoyo.
Yes, I understand.
(9) [์๋จ] ์ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋๋ฐ์. [Anyo] jal moreugenneundeyo.
No, I donโt really understandโฆ
(10) ์ง๋ฌธ ์์ด์? Jilmun isseoyo?
Do you have any questions?
(11) ๋ค, ์๋๋ฐ์. Ne, inneundeyo.
Yes, I have (a question).
(12) [์ง๋ฌธ] ์๋๋ฐ์. [Jilmun] eomneundeyo
I donโt have (any questions).
(13) ์ฒ์ฒํ [๋ง์]ํด ์ฃผ์ธ์. Cheoncheonhi [malsseum]hae juseyo.
Please speak/say it slowly.
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(14) ์์ด๋ฒ๋ ธ๋๋ฐ์. Ijeobeoryeonneundeyo.
Iโve forgotten.
(15) โTestโ ํ๊ตญ์ด๋ก ๋ญ์์? โTestโ hangugeoro mwoyeyo?
How do you say โtestโ in Korean?
(16) โ์ํโ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ํด์. โSiheomโirago haeyo.
You say โsiheomโ.
(17) ํ๊ตญ๋ง๋ก ํ์ธ์. Hangungmallo haseyo.
Please speak/say it in Korean.
(18) ๋ค์ ํ๋ฒ ํด ๋ณด์ธ์. Dasi hanbeon hae boseyo
Try it again.
(19) ๋ง์์ด์. Majasseoyo.
Thatโs correct.
(20) ํ๋ ธ๋๋ฐ์. Teullyeonneundeyo.
Thatโs not right.
(21) ์ค๋์ ์ด๋ง ํ๊ฒ ์ด์. Oneureun iman hagesseoyo.
Weโll stop here today.
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24 Basic Consonants and Vowels
ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ก ใ ฃ
a ya eo yeo o yo u yu eu i
ใฑ g ๊ฐ ๊ฐธ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒจ ๊ณ ๊ต ๊ตฌ ๊ท ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ
ใด n
ใท d
ใน r
ใ m
ใ b
ใ s
ใ ร/ng
ใ j
ใ ch
ใ k
ใ t
ใ p
ใ h
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Expanded Consonants and Vowels
ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ
a ae ya yae eo e yeo ye o wa
ใฑ g ๊ฐ ๊ฐ ๊ฐธ ๊ฑ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒ ๊ฒจ ๊ณ ๊ณ ๊ณผ
ใฒ kk
ใด n
ใท d
ใธ tt
ใน r
ใ m
ใ b
ใ pp
ใ s
ใ ss
ใ ร/ng
ใ j
ใ jj
ใ ch
ใ k
ใ t
ใ p
ใ h
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Expanded Consonants and Vowels (Continued)
ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใ ก ใ ข ใ ฃ
wae oe yo u wo we wi yu eu ui i
ใฑ g ๊ด ๊ดด ๊ต ๊ตฌ ๊ถ ๊ถค ๊ท ๊ท ๊ทธ ๊ธ ๊ธฐ
ใฒ kk
ใด n
ใท d
ใธ tt
ใน r
ใ m
ใ b
ใ pp
ใ s
ใ ss
ใ ร/ng
ใ j
ใ jj
ใ ch
ใ k
ใ t
ใ p
ใ h
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3
ํผ์ ์ข์ํ์ธ์?
Unit Focus:
Discussing Likes and Dislikes
o Style of Speech
o Word Order
o Yes/No Questions
o Saying โYesโ and โNoโ
o Vocabulary: Food ์์
o Negative Question Usage
o Spaces Between Words
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Situation Dialogue 1
Minjunโs Korean friend Hyeonu is picking him up at Melbourne airport.
ํ์ฐ: ๋ฏผ์ค์, ์ฌ๊ธฐ์ผ.
๋ฏผ์ค: ์ด, ๊ทธ๋.
์ผ, ์ค๋๋ง์ด๋ค.
์ ์ง๋์ด?
ํ์ฐ: ๊ทธ๋ผ, ์ ์ง๋ด์ง.
๊ทผ๋ฐ, ๋ ์ ํผ๊ณคํด?
๋ฏผ์ค: ๊ด์ฐฎ์.
ํ์ฐ: ๊ฐ๋ฐฉ ์ค.
๋ฏผ์ค: ์๋, ์ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์.
Romanisation and Translation
Hyeonu: Minjuna, yeogiya. Hey Minjun, over here!
Minjun: Eo, geurae.
Ya, oraenmanida.
Jal jinaesseo?
Oh, right.
Hey, itโs been a while.
How ya been?
Hyeonu: Geureom, jal jinaeji.
Geunde, neo an pigonhae?
Oh, alright.
Hey arenโt you tired?
(Lit. By the way, arenโt you tired?)
Minjun: Gwaenchana. Iโm fine.
Hyeonu: Gabang jwo. Give us your bag.
(Lit. Give me the bag.)
Minjun: Anya, an mugeowo. No, itโs not heavy.
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Vocabulary
+์ casual ending for addressing a person with their first name.
+์ is used when the personโs name ends in a consonant (eg.
๋ฏผ์ค์) and+์ผ is used for a vowel (eg. ํ์ฐ์ผ).
์ฌ๊ธฐ here
์ด oh; yeah
๊ทธ๋ indeed
์ค๋๋ง์ด๋ค long time no see.
์ ์ง๋์ด been well
๊ทธ๋ผ yes; in that case
์ ์ง๋ด์ง been well; am well
๊ทผ๋ฐ by the way; but
๋ you
์ not
ํผ๊ณคํด tired
๊ด์ฐฎ์ okay
๊ฐ๋ฐฉ bag
์ค give
์๋ no/nah
๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ heavy
Note: At this stage you do not need to understand all the grammar presented
in the situation dialogues. It will be helpful to memorise expressions even
though you may not understand how they are constructed.
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Style of Speech
You have seen that Korean has different styles of speech depending on the
relationship between the speakers. The four most commonly used are:
1) ์ปคํผ ์ข์ํ์ญ๋๊น? (Honorific, formal)
2) ์ปคํผ ์ข์ํ์ธ์? (Honorific)
3) ์ปคํผ ์ข์ํด์? (Polite)
4) ์ปคํผ ์ข์ํด? (Casual)
Styles (1) and (2) are honorific and are used when you need to be polite. Style
(1) is also formal. Style (4) is used among close friends or when you speak to
younger family members. Style (3) is polite and informal. This is used when
you talk informally to people you donโt know well who are of similar status to
you. It is also used when you speak to people you feel close to, if they are a bit
older than you and their social status is higher than yours.
Korean verbs consist of a stem which carries the basic meaning โ์ข์ํ-โ
(like), and an ending such as +์ญ๋๊น as in (1), +์ธ์ as in (2), and so on,
which carries a grammatical function (past, present, or future, statement,
question, or request, politeness, etc.).
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Situation Dialogue 2
Hyeonu is showing Minjun around Melbourne and it is about lunch time.
ํ์ฐ: ๋ฐฐ ์ ๊ณ ํ?
๋ฏผ์ค: ์ด... ์ฝ๊ฐ.
ํ์ฐ: ์ ์ฌ ๋ญ ๋จน์๋? ํผ์ ์ข์ํด?
๋ฏผ์ค: ํผ์๏ผ ๊ทธ๋ผ.
ํ์ฐ: ๊ทธ๋ผ, ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํผ์ ๋จน์.
Romanisation and Translation
Hyeonu: Bae an gopa? You hungry?
(Lit. Arenโt you hungry)
Minjun: Eo... yakgan. Yeah, a bit.
Hyeonu: Jeomsim mwo meogeullae?
Pija joahae?
Whaddaya want for lunch?
Pizza ok?
Minjun: Pija๏ผ Geureom. Pizza? Alright.
Hyeonu: Geureom, uri pija meokja. Pizza it is then.
(Lit. Then letโs eat pizza.)
Vocabulary
๋ฐฐ ๊ณ ํ hungry ๋ญ what
์ not ํผ์ pizza
์ด yeah; oh ์ข์ํด like
์ฝ๊ฐ a little ๊ทธ๋ผ of course
๊ทธ๋ผ yes; in that case ์ฐ๋ฆฌ we
์ ์ฌ lunch ๋จน์ letโs eat
๋ญ ๋จน์๋? What will you eat?
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Word Order
Language has a structure. Look at the examples below:
The obvious difference between them is the order of the words. Why donโt
people say sentence (b)? English sentences follow a basic Subject-Verb-
Object pattern as in (a). The Korean pattern is Subject-Object-Verb as in (b).
The verb always comes at the end of the sentence.
Here are the Korean counterparts of โIโ, โlikeโ, and โpizzaโ:
Now, letโs say โI like pizzaโ in Korean. ์ (subject) comes first, and then
ํผ์ (object) second, and ์ข์ํด์ (verb) last. Therefore, โI like pizzaโ in
Korean is:
a) I like pizza. (Subject) (Verb) (Object)
b) I pizza like. (Subject) (Object) (Verb)
I like pizza.
์ ์ข์ํด์ ํผ์
1) ์ ํผ์ ์ข์ํด์.
I pizza like
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You may think you have learnt only one sentence, โ์ ํผ์ ์ข์ํด์โ.
However, if we replace ํผ์ with ๋ก๋ฒํธ (Robert), ์ปคํผ (coffee) or
์์ด์คํฌ๋ฆผ (ice cream) - just a few of the words you have learnt so far - you
can already make lots of Korean sentences:
2) ์ ๋ก๋ฒํธ ์ข์ํด์.
3) ์ ์ปคํผ ์ข์ํด์.
4) ์ ์์ด์คํฌ๋ฆผ ์ข์ํด์.
Before we go on any further, we have to learn one more thing about the above
sentence pattern. When we talk about ourselves, we usually add a topic
particle ๋ to ์ (I) or ์ ํฌ (we). Therefore, sentences (1) - (4) could be
changed as follows:
5) ์ ๋ ํผ์ ์ข์ํด์
๋ก๋ฒํธ
์ปคํผ
์์ด์คํฌ๋ฆผ
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Yes/No Questions
In the previous section we learnt how to make a simple statement such as
โ์ ํผ์ ์ข์ํด์โ. Turning this into a question is quite simple. You just
say โํผ์ ์ข์ํด์?โ with a rising intonation.
So if a sentence has a rising intonation at the end, it becomes a question:
a) ํผ์ ์ข์ํด์? (Do you) like pizza?
And if it has a falling intonation, it becomes a statement:
b) ์ ํผ์ ์ข์ํด์. I like pizza.
You may be asking what has happened to the pronoun โyouโ in the question
form. As mentioned in Unit 1 โIntroducing Yourselfโ, the equivalent Korean
pronouns of โIโ, โyouโ, โhe/sheโ, โitโ and โtheyโ are normally omitted when it is
obvious in context to whom or what you are referring. In particular, the
Korean pronoun for โyouโ is hardly ever used, unless the speakers are very
close. To use it in any other situation is very insulting. The most common
strategy when you are addressing someone is either to omit a subject
altogether, or to use the personโs name instead.
For example:
(1) (๋) ํผ์ ์ข์ํด? (Do you) like pizza? (Casual)
(2) ๋ก๋ฒํธ, ํผ์ ์ข์ํด? Robert, do you like pizza? (Casual)
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Saying โYesโ and โNoโ
Now, letโs learn how to say โyesโ or โnoโ to the above question.
Casual Polite
Yes ์ด or ์ ๋ค
No ์๋ ์๋์
If you like pizza, you can just say ์ด (yes), or say ์ด and repeat the verb
์ข์ํด์ as in the dialogue below. In English, we can add โI doโ as in โYes, I
doโ. But in Korean, simply repeat the verb.
(1) Friend 1: ํผ์ ์ข์ํด? Do you like pizza?
Friend 2: ์ด, ์ข์ํด. Yes, I do.
If you donโt like pizza, you can just say ์๋ (no) to your friend. You can also
add the verb, but in this case you have to use the negative of the verb (just as
in English you say โno, I donโtโ) which you can form by putting the negative
word ์ right before the verb ์ข์ํด as in the dialogue below.
(2) Friend 1: ํผ์ ์ข์ํด? Do you like pizza?
Friend 2: ์๋, ์ ์ข์ํด. No, I donโt.
However, it sounds too direct, so an indirect reply is often used, as in the
dialogue below.
(3) Friend 1: ํผ์ ์ข์ํด? Do you like pizza?
Friend 2: ๋ ๋ณ๋ก์ผ Not really. (Lit. Not particularly).
In Korean, it is considered impolite to say โnoโ directly. Instead, you would
normally give an excuse or reason without actually saying ์๋์ (no). For
example, if someone asked you if you had a spare moment to lend them a
hand, you might reply with ์ข ๋ฐ์๋ฐ์ ( I am a little bit busy).
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Vocabulary: Food ์์
๊ณผ์ผ (Fruit)
์ฌ๊ณผ apple ๋ธ๊ธฐ strawberry
์ค๋ ์ง orange ์๋ฐ watermelon
ํฌ๋ grape ์๋ชฝ grapefruit
๋ฐฐ pear ๋ณต์ญ์ peach
ํ ๋งํ tomato ๊ฐ persimmon
์ฑ์ (Vegetables)
๊ฐ์ potato ์๋ฐฐ์ถ cabbage
๋ฒ์ฏ mushroom ์ค์ด cucumber
๋น๊ทผ carrot ์ํ onion
์ฅ์์ corn ๋ฌด white radish
๋ฐฐ์ถ Korean cabbage
(wombok)
ํ spring onion
์๋ฃ์ (Beverages)
์ฝ๋ผ cola ์ธ์ผ์ฐจ ginseng tea
ํ์ฐจ black tea ๋ณด๋ฆฌ์ฐจ barley tea
์ฐ์ milk ํ์ฐ์๋ฃ soft drinks
์ค๋ ์ง ์ฃผ์ค orange juice ๋ น์ฐจ green tea
์ปคํผ coffee ๋งฅ์ฃผ beer
์ฐจ tea ๋ธ๋๋ brandy
๋ฌผ water ์์คํค whisky
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๊ณ ๊ธฐ/ํด์ฐ๋ฌผ (Meat/Seafood)
์์ fish ์๊ณ ๊ธฐ beef
๊ฒ crab ์๊ณ ๊ธฐ lamb/mutton
๋ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ chicken ๋ผ์ง๊ณ ๊ธฐ pork
๊ธฐํ (Other)
์น์ฆ cheese ๋น์คํท/๊ณผ์ biscuit
๋นต bread ๋๋ doughnut
์ผ์ดํฌ cake ์ rice
์ด์ฝ๋ฆฟ chocolate ๋ฐฅ cooked rice; meal
์๋์์น sandwich ๋ฌ๊ฑ egg
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ํ๊ตญ์ธ์ด ์ข์ํ๋ ์๋ฃ๋?
What are Koreansโ favourite drinks?
Drink Response
์ปคํผ 65.7 %
์ฐ์ 29.5 %
์ฃผ์ค 21.2 %
์๊ตฌ๋ฅดํธ 17.7 %
์ฝ๋ผ 13.5 %
์ฐจ 9.7 %
ํ์ฐ์๋ฃ (Soft Drinks) 8.6 %
๋๋งํฌ์ (Energy Drinks) 6.6 %
์คํฌ์ธ ์๋ฃ (Sports Drinks) 6.2 %
ํ๊ตญ์ธ์ด ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ข์ํ๋ ์์์?
What are Koreansโ favourite foods?
Food Response
๋์ฅ์ฐ๊ฐ 22.7 %
๊น์น์ฐ๊ฐ 17.5 %
๊น์น 16.2 %
๋ถ๊ณ ๊ธฐ 8.2 %
๋น๋น๋ฐฅ 5.4 %
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Task 1: Word Check
Select the odd one out in each row of words below. The first one has been
done for you.
1. ๋ฐฐ์ถ โจ ์ฌ๊ณผ ํฌ๋ ๋ฐฐ
2. ์ฌ๊ณผ ์ค๋ ์ง ํฌ๋ ์ํ
3. ๊ฐ์ ๋ธ๊ธฐ ๋น๊ทผ ์ฅ์์
4. ์น์ฆ ์ผ์ดํฌ ๋นต ์ด์ฝ๋ฆฟ ์ผ์ดํฌ ๊ฒ
5. ๋ฌ๊ฑ ๋ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์๊ณ ๊ธฐ
6. ์์ ์ฐ์ ๋ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์๊ณ ๊ธฐ
7. ์ฃผ์ค ๋งฅ์ฃผ ์์คํค ๋ธ๋๋
8. ์ฐ์ ์ฝ๋ผ ์ฃผ์ค ๋งฅ์ฃผ
9. ํ์ฐจ ์ธ์ผ์ฐจ ์ปคํผ ํฌ๋์ฃผ
10. ๋น๊ทผ ์ฅ์์ ์๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์
Task 2: Word Check
Match the list of items with where you can buy them. The first one is done for
you.
์ฌ๊ณผ โ ๋ฐฐ์ถ ์ค๋ ์ง ์ํ
ํฌ๋ ๋ผ์ง๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๋นต ์ผ์ดํฌ
๋ฌ๊ฑ ์๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๋ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฐ
์๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฒ์ฏ ๋น๊ทผ
๊ณผ์ผ ๊ฐ๊ฒ (fruit shop): ์ฌ๊ณผ,
์ฑ์ ๊ฐ๊ฒ (vegetable shop):
์ ๊ณผ์ (bakery):
์ ์ก์ (butcher):
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Situation Dialogue 3
Hyeonu and Minjun go to a pizza shop.
ํ์ฐ: ๋ค์ด๊ฐ์.
Minjun sees Hyeonu eating an olive.
๋ฏผ์ค: ๋ ์ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ธ ์ข์ํด?
ํ์ฐ: ์, ์? ๋ ์ซ์ด?
๋ฏผ์ค: ์ด. ๋ ๋ณ๋ก์ผ.
Romanisation and Translation
Hyeonu: Deureogaja. Letโs go in here.
(Minjun sees Hyeonu eating an olive.)
Minjun: Neo ollibeu joahae? You like olives?
Hyeonu: Eung, wae? Neon sireo? Yep, why? Donโt you like โem?
(Lit. You dislike them?)
Minjun: Eo.
Nan byeolloya.
Nah. (Lit. Yeah)
Not really. (Lit. I donโt particularly.)
Vocabulary
๋ค์ด๊ฐ์ Letโs go in. ๋ [๋+ใด] you
๋ you ์ซ์ด dislike
์ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ธ olive(s) ์ด yeah; oh
์ข์ํด like ๋ [๋+ใด] I
์ yeah/yep ๋ณ๋ก์ผ not really
์ why
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Negative Question Usage
When asking questions in Korean, people use the negative form very often.
For example, in Situation Dialogue 2, โ๋ฐฐ ์ ๊ณ ํ?โ (Are you not hungry?) is
used where in English we would ask Are you hungry? (โ๋ฐฐ ๊ณ ํ?โ). When
this is used, you should think of the question as if it were not in the negative
form. Negative questions are used often because they are indirect and
therefore less intimidating. Using the negative form often will make your
Korean sound more natural.
Another aspect of negative questions that can be very confusing to non-native
speakers of Korean is that when answering, the opposite occurs from what
happens in English. If in English someone asks you Arenโt you hungry? you
can respond by saying No, Iโm not hungry but in Korean you would have to
reply with Yes, Iโm not hungry (์ด, ๋ฐฐ ์ ๊ณ ํ) because you are agreeing
with the negation, i.e. agreeing that you are indeed not hungry. On the other
hand, if you are hungry then you can reply with No, Iโm hungry (์๋, ๋ฐฐ
๊ณ ํ) which may sound very strange in English, but it is a correct and natural
way to respond in Korean.
A good strategy for avoiding the โyes/noโ problem is to just answer the
question with a straight statement. For example, ๋ฐฐ ์ ๊ณ ํ (Iโm hungry).
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Spaces Between Words
As in English, there are spaces between words in Korean sentences. The
difference is, postpositional words (what are prepositions in English) and
sentence endings in Korean are attached to the end of the word, without a
space in between. Therefore when we type or write Korean we need to leave a
space after words unless they have a postposition or sentence ending
attached:
(1) ์ ํผ์ ์ข์ํด์. I like pizza.
(2) ์ ํผ์์ข์ํด์. Ilikepizza.
(3) ์ ํผ ์ ์ข ์ ํด ์. I l i k e p i z z a.
As you can see above, sentences are harder to read with no spaces between
the words. The spacing is made more obvious on the hand writing sheet
shown below.
์ ํผ ์ ์ข ์ ํด ์ . ์
๋ฏธ ์จ ๋ ํผ ์ ์ข ์ ํ ์ธ
์ ?
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Task 3: ํผ์ ์ข์ํด?
Move around the classroom asking your classmates if they like the foods
below.
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ Example Dialogue]
A: ํผ์ ์ข์ํด?
B: ์, [ ์ข์ํด. ]
A: ์๋์์น๋?
B: ๋ณ๋ก [ ์ ์ข์ํด. ]
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
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Task 4: Writing
You are being asked about what foods you like and dislike. Write your
answers to the following questions according to the preferences provided
below. Use the examples 1, 2 and 7 as a model.
You like a lot: apple, coffee, beef.
You like: pear, pork, milk, lamb, wine.
You donโt like much: fish, beer.
1. ๋ฐฐ ์ข์ํ์ธ์? ๋ค, ์ข์ํด์.
2. ์ฌ๊ณผ๋์? ์์ฃผ ์ข์ํด์.
3. ์ฐ์ ์ข์ํ์ธ์?
4. ์ปคํผ๋์?
5. ์๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์ข์ํ์ธ์?
6. ์๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋์?
7. ์์ ์ข์ํ์ธ์? ๋ณ๋ก ์ ์ข์ํด์.
8. ๋ผ์ง๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋์?
9. ํฌ๋์ฃผ ์ข์ํ์ธ์?
10. ๋งฅ์ฃผ๋์?
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Task 5: Listening
โ ๋ฌธํ (EXPONENT)
A ์ข์ํด์? Do you like A?
๋ค, (A) ์ข์ํด์. Yes, I like (A).
์๋์ค, (A) ์ ์ข์ํด์. No, I don't like (A).
โ ํ์ ์ดํ (ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
์์ด child ๋ค yes ์๋์ค no
์ข์ํด์ like ์ not ๊ทธ๋ผ then
ํผ์ pizza ์์ฃผ very much ์คํ๊ฒํฐ spaghetti
ํ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ hamburger ๋ถ๊ณ ๊ธฐ Korean beef barbecue
๊น์น Kimchi(pickled Korean cabbage)
์ง์ฅ๋ฉด Korean version of Hokkiean mee noodle
โ You will hear a teacher asking what sort of food Korean children like these
days. Put a mark 'O' next to the food they like and a mark 'X' next to the food
they do not like. Ready? Listen!
์์ด 1 ์์ด 2 ์์ด 3
๋ถ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ
๊น ์น
์ง ์ฅ ๋ฉด
ํ ๋ฒ ๊ฑฐ
ํผ ์
์คํ๊ฒํฐ
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4 ์ด๋ ๊ฐ์ธ์?
Unit Focus:
Asking People Where They Are Going
o Vocabulary: Places
o ์ด๋ ๊ฐ(์ธ์)? as a Greeting
o Destination Particle +์ โtoโ
o Topic Particle +์/๋
o Coming & Going: ์์, ๊ฐ์, ๋ค๋ ์
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Situation Dialogue 1
Jihun and Mineo are on campus at university.
์งํ: ๋ฏผ์์ผ, ์ด๋ ๊ฐ?
๋ฏผ์: ๋์๊ด.
์งํ: ์, ๊ทธ๋? ๋๋๋ฐ. ๊ฐ์ด ๊ฐ์.
๋ฏผ์: ๊ทธ๋, ๊ทธ๋ผ.
Romanisation and Translation
Jihun: Minseoยทya, eodi ga? Hey, Minseo, where ya going?
Minjun: Doseogwan. Library.
Jihun: A, geurae?
Nadonde.
Gachi gaja.
Oh yeah?
Me too.
Iโll come with you.
(Lit. Letโs go together.)
Minjun: Geurae, geureom. Yeah, alright.
Vocabulary
์ผ/์ casual ending for addressing a person with their first name
์ด๋ where
๊ฐ [๊ฐ go+์(casual present tense ending)] go
๋์๊ด library
๋๋๋ฐ [๋ me +๋/๋ too+ใด๋ฐ(casual soft ending)] me, too. (๋ is often pronounced as ๋ so in comics ๋ is used to show the casual nature of the conversation.)
๊ฐ์ด together (๊ฐ์ด is pronounced ga-chi, not ga-ti.)
๊ฐ์ [๊ฐ go +์ letโs] letโs go
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Vocabulary: Places
์ง home ๋์๊ด library
ํ๊ต school ๋ณ์ hospital
์ํ bank ์๋ด the city
์๋น restaurant ์์ฅ market
์ฐ์ฒด๊ตญ post office ์์ bookshop
๊ฐ๊ฒ shop ์ํผ(๋ง์ผ) supermarket
๊ณตํญ airport ๋ฐฑํ์ department store
ํ์ฅ์ค toilet ํ์ฌ office
์ปคํผ์ coffee shop ์ ์ง/ํธํ์ง pub
๊ทน์ฅ theatre; cinema ๋งํธ mart
์ฝ๊ตญ pharmacy ์ํ๊ด cinema
ํธ์์ convenience store ๊ณต์ park
๋ฏธ์ฉ์ค hairdresserโs ์ด๋ฐ์ barberโs
๋ชฉ์ํ public bathhouse ์ฐ์ง๋ฐฉ public sauna
๋ ธ๋๋ฐฉ kareoke room ๋น๋์ค๋ฐฉ video room
๋ฉํฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ ธ๋๋ฐฉ+PC ๋ฐฉ+
DVD ๋ฐฉ+๊ฒ์๋ฐฉ
PC ๋ฐฉ/
๊ฒ์๋ฐฉ
Internet cafe
ํ์ meeting (formal) ๋ฏธํ meeting / date
์์ class
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์ด๋ ๊ฐ(์ธ์)? as a Greeting
In Australian English we often say โHow are you goingโ as a greeting, but itโs
not a very serious question and a simple โgoodโ or โnot badโ is enough to reply
politely, even if youโve had a really bad day. Similarly, Koreans use ์ด๋ ๊ฐ?
(Are you going somewhere?) as a greeting. You donโt need to give a specific
answer and can just say ์, ์ด๋ ์ข... (Yeah, just somewhere...)
์ด๋ ๊ฐ? (Casual)
์ด๋ ๊ฐ์? (Polite)
์ด๋ ๊ฐ์ธ์? (Honorific)
Note that the intonation pattern changes for ์ด๋ depending on whether you
are using it as โwhere?โ or โsomewhereโ as shown in the diagram below:
Where are you going? Are you going somewhere?
When we use ์ด๋ ๊ฐ? as โWhere are you going?โ, the intonation of the last
syllable โ๊ฐโ rises slightly and then falls. On the other hand, when we use
์ด๋ ๊ฐ? as โAre you going somewhere?โ, the intonation of the last syllable
โ๊ฐโ rises steeply.
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If you canโt differentiate between these two questions, the best strategy is to
just reply ์ด๋ ์ข... (Just somewhere...) because someone who is not very
close to you will not ask โWhere are you going?โ in Korean.
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Task 1: Role Play
Choose 3-5 places that you would like to go from the locations given below.
Write them down in Korean beside the place where you are going. Talk about
them with a partner using the following dialogue as an example.
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ Example Dialogue]
A: [ name ], ์ด๋ ๊ฐ?
B: [ place ].
A: ์, ๊ทธ๋? ๋๋๋ฐ/๋๋๋ฐ. ๊ฐ์ด ๊ฐ์.
B: ๊ทธ๋, ๊ทธ๋ผ.
home library
school hospital
bank the city
restaurant market
post office bookshop
shop supermarket
airport department store
toilet office
coffee shop pub
theatre; cinema mart
pharmacy cinema
kareoke room video room
convenience store class
meeting (formal) meeting / date
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Situation Dialogue 2
Minseo and Jihun are at a bus stop near university.
์งํ: ๋ฏผ์์ผ, ์ด๋ ๊ฐ?
๋ฏผ์: ๊ฐ๋จ์ญ์.
์งํ: ์, ๊ทธ๋?
๋ฏผ์: ๋?
์งํ: ๋ ์ง์ ๊ฐ.
๋ฏผ์: ์ ๊ฐ.
์งํ: ๋๋.
Romanisation and Translation
Jihun: Minseoยทya, eodi ga? Hey Minseo, where ya going?
Minseo: Gangnamyeoge. Gangnam station.
Jihun: A, geurae? Yeah? (Lit. Oh, is that so?)
Minseo: Neon? You?
Jihun: Nan jibe ga. Going home.
Minseo: Jal ga. See ya. (Lit. Go well.)
Jihun: Neodo. Bye. (Lit. You too.)
Vocabulary
์ด๋ where
๊ฐ [๊ฐ go+์(casual present tense ending)] go
๊ฐ๋จ์ญ Gangnam station: major Seoul subway station
+์ to
๋ [๋ you +ใด(topic particle)] you
๋ [๋ I +ใด(topic particle)] I
์ ๊ฐ [ ์ well/carefully/properly/a lot ๊ฐ go] goodbye
๋๋ [๋ you +๋/๋ too ] you too.
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Note: In Korean, โWhere are you going?โ is not always answered with the
location of the place youโre going to, but sometimes also the purpose. For
example, instead of saying โto the poolโ, when someone asks where you are
going, you might just say โto swimโ:
A: ์ด๋ ๊ฐ? Where are you going?
B: ์์ํ๋ฌ. (Instead of โ์์์ฅ์โ) To swim.
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Destination Particle +์ โtoโ
When you want to say that you are going somewhere, you can use:
Place +์ ๊ฐ (Casual)
Place +์ ๊ฐ์ (Polite)
+์ is equivalent to the English โtoโ. However, in English the โtoโ in โIโm
going to schoolโ comes before the place โschoolโ. In Korean, +์ is added at
the end of the place word. Since +์ is a postposition, there is no space
between it and the place word, as explained previously. (See โSpaces
Between Wordsโ in Unit 3.):
(1) ํ๊ต์ ๊ฐ์. Iโm going to school.
(2) A: ์ด๋ ๊ฐ์? Where are you going?
B: ์ง์ ๊ฐ์. Iโm going home.
(3) A: ์ด๋(์)1 ๊ฐ์ธ์? Where are you going?
B: ํ๊ต(์) ๊ฐ์. Iโm going to school.
Note 1: +์ is also different from the English โtoโ in that it can be omitted in
colloquial speech as long as the context does not make the meaning less clear.
However, +์ cannot be omitted when the word to which +์ is attached
consists of a single syllable, for example: ์ง, ๊ฐ, ์ฐ, and so on.
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Task 2: Role Play
Suppose that you are on the way to one of the places below. (Write down the
place you are going in Korean beside the English.) Now, go around the
classroom and ask your classmates where they are going, using the example
dialogue below. Write their names beside the places where they are going.
When you are asked, reply that you are going to the place you selected.
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ Example Dialogue]
A: [ name ], ์ด๋ ๊ฐ?
B: [ place ]์.
A: ์, ๊ทธ๋?
B: ๋?
A: ๋ [ place ]์ ๊ฐ.
B: ์ ๊ฐ.
A: ๋๋/๋๋.
1. home 12. library
2. school 13. hospital
3. bank 14. city
4. restaurant 15. market
5. post office 16. bookshop
6. shop 17. supermarket
7. airport 18. department store
8. toilet 19. office
9. coffee shop 20. pub
10. theatre 21. mart
11. pharmacy 22. cinema
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Task 3: Listening
โ ๋ฌธํ (EXPONENT)
์ด๋ ๊ฐ์? Where are you going?
A(place)์ ๊ฐ์. I'm going to A.
Verb stem + ใ ์๋ค/์์๋ค Let's (verb)
โ ํ์ ์ดํ (ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
ํ๊ต school ์ํ bank
์๋น restaurant ์ฐ์ฒด๊ตญ post office
์ง home ๊ฐ๊ฒ shop
ํ์ฅ์ค toilet ์ปคํผ์ coffee shop
+๋ also ๊ฐ์ด together
โ Listen carefully to the following dialogue and draw lines connecting
people with the places where they are going. Ready? Listen!
1. ํ ๋ง์ค(Thomas) a.ํ๊ต school
2. ์์(Susan) b.์๋น restaurant
3. ํด(Paul) c.์ฐ์ฒด๊ตญ post office
4. ์๋ง๋ค(Amanda) d.์ง home
5. ์ ์(female) e.ํ์ฅ์ค rest room
6. ๋ฏผ์ญ(male) f.๊ฐ๊ฒ shop
7. ์์ง(male) g.์ํ bank
8. ์๋ฏธ(female) h.์ปคํผ์ coffee shop
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Topic Particle +์/๋
When the topic particle +์/๋ is added to a noun, its general meaning is like
the English โas for (noun)โ or โwith regard to (noun)โ. +์/๋ can be used in
many ways. In this section we will use it to describe what one person (or one
subject) is doing in contrast to another.
Rules:
If the noun ends in a vowel, add +๋.
์ + ๋ โ ์ ๋ (writing) or
์ + ใด โ ์ (speaking)
If the noun ends in a consonant, add +์.
ํด + ์ โ ํด์
Examples:
(1) ํด์ ํ๊ตญ์ด ๊ณต๋ถํด์. Paul is studying Korean.
์ ๋ ์ฌํํ ๊ณต๋ถํด์. I am studying sociology.
(2) ํด์ ์๋์์น ์ข์ํด์. Paul likes sandwiches.
ํ์ง๋ง ์๋ฏธ๋ ์ ์ข์ํด์. But Sumi doesnโt.
(3) ํด์ ํธ์ฃผ ์ฌ๋์ด์์. Paul is an Australian.
์๋ฏธ๋ ํ๊ตญ ์ฌ๋์ด์์. Sumi is a Korean.
(4) ํด์ ์์ ์ ๊ฐ์. Paul is going to the bookshop.
์๋ฏธ๋ ์ํ์ ๊ฐ์. Sumi is going to the bank.
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Situation Dialogue 3
Paul sees Hyeonu on campus.
ํด: ํ์ฐ์ผ, ์ด๋ ๊ฐ๋?
ํ์ฐ: ํด์ด๊ตฌ๋! ์์์ฅ์ ๊ฐ. ๋?
ํด: ํ๊ตญ์ด ์์ .
ํ์ฐ: ๊ทธ๋? ์ด์ฌํ ํด!
Romanisation and Translation
Paul: Hyeonuya, eodi ganya? Hey Hyeonu, where ya goinโ?
Hyeonu: Poriguna!
Suyeongjange ga.
Neon?
Oh, itโs you, Paul!
Iโm goinโ to the swimming pool.
You?
Paul: Hangugeo sueop. Korean class.
Hyeonu: Geurae? Yeolsimhi hae! Yeah? Donโt work too hard!
(Lit. Work hard!)
Vocabulary
๊ฐ๋? [๊ฐ go +๋(very casual question ending often used among boys)]
๊ฐ๋? [๊ฐ go +๋(very casual question ending often used among girls)]
์ด๊ตฌ๋! [์ด am/are/is +๊ตฌ๋(verb ending indicating surprise; an
exclamation)]
์์์ฅ [์์ swimming ์ฅ place] swimming pool
ํ๊ตญ์ด [ํ๊ตญ Korean ์ด language] the Korean language
์์ class (the time spent being taught, not a group of students)
์ด์ฌํ hard โ as in โworking hardโ
ํด do (refers to something mentioned earlier)
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Coming & Going ์์, ๊ฐ์, ๋ค๋ ์
In Korean the words ์์ (come), ๊ฐ์ (go), and ๋ค๋ ์ (go to and from
regularly) are used differently from their English equivalents.
If you meet some classmates in the street and they ask where you are going,
you reply โ์ง์ ๊ฐ์โ (I am going home). However if speaking on the phone
to someone who is at home, a Korean will say โ์ง๊ธ ์ง์ ๊ฐ์โ (I am going
home), whereas in English you would say, โI am coming home now.โ This is
because in Korean the use of ์์ and ๊ฐ์ depends on your location (the
speakerโs location), rather than the location of the person to whom you are
speaking.
Finally, in English we might ask, โWhich university do you go to?โ However,
in Korean this would be, โ์ด๋ ํ๊ต์ ๋ค๋ ์?โ The verb ๋ค๋ ์ is used
when you go somewhere on a regular basis. It implies a process of going to
and from that place repeatedly. So if someone asks you โ์ด๋ ๋ณ์์
๋ค๋ ์?โ (Which hospital do you go to?), you must be a doctor or nurse - or
very sick! The sentence โ์ด๋ ๋ณ์์ ๊ฐ์?โ (Which hospital are you going
to?) is used to refer to a single trip. It implies that at present you are on your
way to the hospital.
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Task 4: Word Check
Write down the Korean words next to the English equivalent. The first one is
done for you.
1. shop ๊ฐ๊ฒ 10. pharmacy
2. school 11. library
3. bank 12. hospital
4. restaurant 13. market
5. post office 14. bookshop
6. home 15. supermarket
7. toilet 16. department store
8. coffee shop 17. airport
9. cinema 18. theatre
a. ๊ฐ๊ฒ โจ g. ๊ณตํญ m. ๊ทน์ฅ
b. ๋์๊ด h. ๋ฐฑํ์ n. ๋ณ์
c. ์์ i. ์ํผ๋ง์ผ o. ์์ฅ
d. ์๋น j. ์ฝ๊ตญ p. ์ฐ์ฒด๊ตญ
e. ์ํ k. ์ง q. ์ปคํผ์
f. ํ๊ต l. ํ์ฅ์ค r. ์ํ๊ด
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Task 5: Writing
Here is a list of items you need to find. Underneath is a list of useful telephone
numbers from a Korean community information booklet. Write down where
you can obtain the items. The first one is done for you.
Item Place where you can obtain it
1. ์ฌ์ (dictionary) ์ ์ผ ์์ or ๋์๊ด
2. ๋น๋์ค
3. ๊น์น (Korean pickled cabbage)
4. ์ปคํผ
5. ์์คํผ๋ฆฐ
6. ์ผ์ต
7. ๋ถ๊ณ ๊ธฐ (Korean BBQ dish)
8. ์ฐํ (stamp)
9. ํ๊ตญ ์ ๋ฌธ (newspaper)
10. ํ๊ตญ ์ํ
a. ํ๊ธ ํ๊ต โ 9405-2230 h. ํ๋ณต ๋นต์ง โ 2327-3479
b. ์ธํ ์ํ โ 4432-1110 i. ํ๊ตญ๋ณ์ โ 3457-5531
c. ์์ธ ์๋น โ 8623-2743 j. ์์ธ์ฝ๊ตญ โ 2348-8624
d. ๋์๊ด โ 3464-1336 k. ์์ธ์ํ๊ด โ 3469-1128
e. ์ฐ์ฒด๊ตญ โ 2393-2010 l. 88 ์ปคํผ์ โ 8862-7736
f. ๋ญํค ์ํผ โ 3437-2766 m. ํ๊ตญ ๋น๋์ค โ 8905-9230
g. ์ ์ผ ์์ โ 9815-4340 n. ์์ธ๋งํธ โ 2326-3092
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5 ์ด๋ฒ ํ ์์ผ์ ๋ญ ํ์ธ์?
Unit Focus:
Talking About What You Are Doing
Talking About Your Daily Routine
o Verbs (Doing Words) and their Endings
o ๋ญ โwhatโ
o Vocabulary: Time Words
o Time Particle +์ โinโ, โatโ or โonโ
o Location Particle +์์ โinโ or โatโ
o Asking Opinions
โฆ ์ด๋(์)? โHow is โฆ?โ
o Adjectives (Describing Words) and their Endings
o Vocabulary: Transitional Words
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Situation Dialogue 1
Minseo is at the library when she receives a call from Jihun.
์งํ: ์ง๊ธ ๋ญ ํ๋?
๋ฏผ์: ๋ฆฌํฌํธ ์จ. ๊ทผ๋ฐ, ์?
์งํ: ๊ทธ๋ฅ.
๋ฏผ์: ๋ ๋ฐ๋น . ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋งํด.
์งํ: ์๋, ๊ทธ๋ฅ. ๋ฆฌํฌํธ ๋ง์ ํด.
Romanisation and Translation
Jihun: Jigeum mwo hanya? Whatcha doinโ?
Minseo: Ripoteu sseo.
Geunde, wae?
Writing an assignment.
Why? (Lit. Anyway/but, why?)
Jihun: Geunyang. No reason.
Minseo: Na bappa. Ppalli malhae. Iโm busy. Just say it.
(Lit. Quickly say it.)
Jihun: Anya, geunyang.
Ripoteu majeo hae.
Nah, I was just asking.
Finish the assignment.
(Lit. do the rest of the assignment).
Vocabulary
์ง๊ธ now
๋ญ ํ๋? [๋ญ what ํ do +๋?(very casual question ending often used
among boys)] Whatcha doinโ?
๋ฆฌํฌํธ report (often pronounced as ๋ ํฌํธ)
์จ [์ฐ write+์ด(casual present tense ending)] write
๊ทผ๋ฐ by the way; but
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์ why
๊ทธ๋ฅ no reason
๋ฐ๋น [๋ฐ์ busy+์(casual present tense ending)] busy
๋นจ๋ฆฌ quickly
๋งํด [๋งํ speak ๋งํด (casual present tense form)] say; speak
์๋ nah
๋ง์ ํด [๋ง์ rest of + ํด do] finish
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Verb (Doing Words) and their Endings
+์/์ด, +์/์ด์, +(์ผ)์ธ์
In unit three you have learned the different styles of speech used in Korean
depending on the relationship between speakers. Here we will focus on three
types: 1) casual form, 2) polite form, and 3) honorific form.
Verb Stem +์/์ด (Casual)
Verb Stem +์/์ด์ (Polite)
Verb Stem +(์ผ)์ธ์ (Honorific)
Verb endings are quite similar to the English present tense, as in โI studyโ or
โshe studiesโ. However, it is also used to indicate an action that is going on at
present, as in โI am studying at the momentโ (as well as โI am studying at
Monash University this yearโ).
1) Casual form
If the last vowel of the stem is ใ (ใ ) or ใ (ใ ): +์
์ด + ์ ์ด์ live/lives/is living, etc
๊ฐ + ์ ๊ฐ go/goes/ is going, etc
(๊ฐ already hasใ and no final consonant,
so you donโt need to add ์)
If the last vowel is not ใ (ใ ) or ใ (ใ ): +์ด
๋จน + ์ด ๋จน์ด eat/eats/is eating, etc
์ฝ + ์ด ์ฝ์ด read/reads/is reading, etc
์ฐ + ์ด ์จ write/writes/is writing, etc (When the stem
ends in the vowel โใ กโ, it is dropped.)
When there is no final consonant, the vowels are usually combined into
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one syllable:
์ค + ์ ์ come/comes/is coming, etc
์ฃผ + ์ด ์ค give/gives/is giving, etc
If the stem ends in ํ: ํ โ ํด
ํ ํด do/does/am doing, etc.
๊ณต๋ถํ ๊ณต๋ถํด study/studies/am studying, etc.
์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํด talk/talks/am talking, etc.
This rule is useful when you look up unknown words in the dictionary. Donโt
worry too much about having to remember these rules. The best way at this
stage is to memorize both stem and ending together.
2) Polite form
Polite form is constructed in the same way as casual form except that you
add ์ at the end.
์ด + ์ ์ด์ + ์ ์ด์์ live/lives/is living, etc
๋จน + ์ด ๋จน์ด + ์ ๋จน์ด์ eat/eats/is eating, etc
3) Honorific form
There are rules for forming honorific form depending on whether the verb
stem ends in a consonant or vowel.
If the verb stem ends in a vowel: +์ธ์
๊ฐ +์ธ์ ๊ฐ์ธ์ go/goes/ is going, etc
If the verb stem ends in a consonant: +์ผ์ธ์
์ +์ผ์ธ์ ์์ผ์ธ์ sit/sits/is sitting, etc
Refer to the verb table on the following pages to see the three different forms
for a range of verbs.
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Verb Table: Present Tense Endings
English Stem Casual Form Ending
+์/์ด
borrow (books) (์ฑ ) ๋น๋ฆฌ +์ด (์ฑ ) ๋น๋ ค
buy (shoes) (๊ตฌ๋) ์ฌ (+์) (๊ตฌ๋) ์ฌ
clean (house) (์ง) ์ฒญ์ํ ํ โ ํด (์ง) ์ฒญ์ํด
dance (์ถค) ์ถ +์ด (์ถค) ์ถฐ
dislike ์ซ์ดํ ํ โ ํด ์ซ์ดํด
draw (drawing) (๊ทธ๋ฆผ) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ +์ด (๊ทธ๋ฆผ) ๊ทธ๋ ค
drink (juice) (์ฃผ์ค) ๋ง์ +์ด (์ฃผ์ค) ๋ง์
do (homework) (์์ ) ํ ํ โ ํด (์์ ) ํด
eat (an apple) (์ฌ๊ณผ) ๋จน +์ด (์ฌ๊ณผ) ๋จน์ด
get married ๊ฒฐํผํ ํ โ ํด ๊ฒฐํผํด
give ์ฃผ +์ด ์ค
have (money) (๋) ์ +์ด (๋) ์์ด
not have (time) (์๊ฐ) ์ +์ด (์๊ฐ) ์์ด
kiss ํค์คํ ํ โ ํด ํค์คํด
like ์ข์ํ ํ โ ํด ์ข์ํด
listen to (music) (์์ ) ๋ฃ ๋ฃ โ ๋ค+์ด (์์ ) ๋ค์ด*
love ์ฌ๋ํ ํ โ ํด ์ฌ๋ํด
make (phone call) ์ ํํ ํ โ ํด ์ ํํด
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Polite Form +์/์ด์
Honorific Form +(์ผ)์ธ์
Question Ending +๋?
Question Ending +๋?
(์ฑ ) ๋น๋ ค์ (์ฑ ) ๋น๋ฆฌ์ธ์ (์ฑ ) ๋น๋ฆฌ๋? (์ฑ ) ๋น๋ฆฌ๋?
(๊ตฌ๋) ์ฌ์ (๊ตฌ๋) ์ฌ์ธ์ (๊ตฌ๋) ์ฌ๋? (๊ตฌ๋) ์ฌ๋?
(์ง) ์ฒญ์ํด์ (์ง) ์ฒญ์ํ์ธ์ (์ง) ์ฒญ์ํ๋? (์ง) ์ฒญ์ํ๋?
(์ถค) ์ถฐ์ (์ถค) ์ถ์ธ์ (์ถค) ์ถ๋? (์ถค) ์ถ๋?
์ซ์ดํด์ ์ซ์ดํ์ธ์ ์ซ์ดํ๋? ์ซ์ดํ๋?
(๊ทธ๋ฆผ) ๊ทธ๋ ค์ (๊ทธ๋ฆผ) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์ธ์ (๊ทธ๋ฆผ) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋? (๊ทธ๋ฆผ) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋?
(์ฃผ์ค) ๋ง์ ์ (์ฃผ์ค) ๋์ธ์* (์ฃผ์ค) ๋ง์๋? (์ฃผ์ค) ๋ง์๋?
(์์ ) ํด์ (์์ ) ํ์ธ์ (์์ )ํ๋? (์์ )ํ๋?
(์ฌ๊ณผ) ๋จน์ด์ (์ฌ๊ณผ) ๋์ธ์* (์ฌ๊ณผ) ๋จน๋? (์ฌ๊ณผ) ๋จน๋?
๊ฒฐํผํด์ ๊ฒฐํผํ์ธ์ ๊ฒฐํผํ๋? ๊ฒฐํผํ๋?
์ค์ ์ฃผ์ธ์ ์ฃผ๋? ์ฃผ๋?
(๋) ์์ด์ (๋) ์์ผ์ธ์ (๋) ์๋? (๋) ์๋?
(์๊ฐ) ์์ด์ (์๊ฐ) ์์ผ์ธ์ (์๊ฐ) ์๋? (์๊ฐ) ์๋?
ํค์คํด์ ํค์คํ์ธ์ ํค์คํ๋? ํค์คํ๋?
์ข์ํด์ ์ข์ํ์ธ์ ์ข์ํ๋? ์ข์ํ๋?
(์์ ) ๋ค์ด์* (์์ ) ๋ค์ผ์ธ์* (์์ ) ๋ฃ๋? (์์ ) ๋ฃ๋?
์ฌ๋ํด์ ์ฌ๋ํ์ธ์ ์ฌ๋ํ๋? ์ฌ๋ํ๋?
์ ํํด์ ์ ํํ์ธ์ ์ ํํ๋? ์ ํํ๋?
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English Stem Casual Form Ending
+์/์ด
meet (friend) (์น๊ตฌ) ๋ง๋ (+์) (์น๊ตฌ) ๋ง๋
play tennis ํ ๋์ค ์น +์ด ํ ๋์ค ์ณ
put on (clothes) (์ท) ์ +์ด (์ท) ์ ์ด
read (book) (์ฑ ) ์ฝ +์ด (์ฑ ) ์ฝ์ด
rest ์ฌ +์ด ์ฌ์ด
ride (bike) (์์ ๊ฑฐ) ํ (+์) (์์ ๊ฑฐ) ํ
shop ์ผํํ ํ โ ํด ์ผํํด
sing ๋ ธ๋ํ ํ โ ํด ๋ ธ๋ํด
sleep (์ ) ์ (+์) (์ ) ์
smoke (cigarettes) (๋ด๋ฐฐ) ํผ์ฐ +์ด (๋ด๋ฐฐ) ํผ์
study ๊ณต๋ถํ ํ โ ํด ๊ณต๋ถํด
take a photo ์ฌ์ง ์ฐ +์ด ์ฌ์ง ์ฐ์ด
text a message ๋ฌธ์ ๋ณด๋ด (+์ด) ๋ฌธ์ ๋ณด๋ด
wait for (bus) (๋ฒ์ค) ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ +์ด (๋ฒ์ค) ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ ค
watch (television) (ํ ๋ ๋น์ ) ๋ณด +์ (ํ ๋ ๋น์ ) ๋ด
write (letter) (ํธ์ง) ์ฐ drop โใ กโ +์ด (ํธ์ง) ์จ*
withdraw (money) (๋) ์ฐพ +์ (๋) ์ฐพ์
work ์ผํ ํ โ ํด ์ผํด
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Polite Form +์/์ด์
Honorific Form +(์ผ)์ธ์
Question Ending +๋?
Question Ending +๋?
(์น๊ตฌ) ๋ง๋์ (์น๊ตฌ) ๋ง๋์ธ์ (์น๊ตฌ) ๋ง๋๋? (์น๊ตฌ) ๋ง๋๋?
ํ ๋์ค ์ณ์ ํ ๋์ค ์น์ธ์ ํ ๋์ค ์น๋? ํ ๋์ค ์น๋?
(์ท) ์ ์ด์ (์ท) ์ ์ผ์ธ์ (์ท) ์ ๋? (์ท) ์ ๋?
(์ฑ ) ์ฝ์ด์ (์ฑ ) ์ฝ์ผ์ธ์ (์ฑ ) ์ฝ๋? (์ฑ ) ์ฝ๋?
์ฌ์ด์ ์ฌ์ธ์ ์ฌ๋? ์ฌ๋?
(์์ ๊ฑฐ) ํ์ (์์ ๊ฑฐ) ํ์ธ์ (์์ ๊ฑฐ) ํ๋? (์์ ๊ฑฐ) ํ๋?
์ผํํด์ ์ผํํ์ธ์ ์ผํํ๋? ์ผํํ๋?
๋ ธ๋ํด์ ๋ ธ๋ํ์ธ์ ๋ ธ๋ํ๋? ๋ ธ๋ํ๋?
(์ ) ์์ (์ ) ์์ธ์ (์ ) ์๋? (์ ) ์๋?
(๋ด๋ฐฐ) ํผ์์ (๋ด๋ฐฐ) ํผ์ฐ์ธ์ (๋ด๋ฐฐ) ํผ์ฐ๋? (๋ด๋ฐฐ) ํผ์ฐ๋?
๊ณต๋ถํด์ ๊ณต๋ถํ์ธ์ ๊ณต๋ถํ๋? ๊ณต๋ถํ๋?
์ฌ์ง ์ฐ์ด์ ์ฌ์ง ์ฐ์ผ์ธ์ ์ฌ์ง ์ฐ๋? ์ฌ์ง ์ฐ๋?
๋ฌธ์ ๋ณด๋ด์ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ณด๋ด์ธ์ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ณด๋ด๋? ๋ฌธ์ ๋ณด๋ด๋?
(๋ฒ์ค) ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ ค์
(๋ฒ์ค) ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ์ธ์
(๋ฒ์ค) ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ๋?
(๋ฒ์ค) ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ๋?
(ํ ๋ ๋น์ ) ๋ด์
(ํ ๋ ๋น์ ) ๋ณด์ธ์
(ํ ๋ ๋น์ ) ๋ณด๋?
(ํ ๋ ๋น์ ) ๋ณด๋?
(ํธ์ง) ์จ์ (ํธ์ง) ์ฐ์ธ์ (ํธ์ง) ์ฐ๋? (ํธ์ง) ์ฐ๋?
(๋) ์ฐพ์์ (๋) ์ฐพ์ผ์ธ์ (๋) ์ฐพ๋? (๋) ์ฐพ๋?
์ผํด์ ์ผํ์ธ์ ์ผํ๋? ์ผํ๋?
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Casual Question Verb Endings +๋?/+๋?
The verb forms you studied previously in this unit can also be used for
making questions. However, in casual form the following is an alternative
question style:
Verb Stem +๋? (less blunt)
Verb Stem +๋? (more blunt)
The +๋? ending is more blunt and tends to be used more by males and the
less blunt +๋? form is used more by females. The rule for constructing these
forms is quite simple: Verb Stem +๋?/+๋? as shown in the verb table in the
previous pages.
Examples:
(1) ์์ ๋ฃ๋?
์์ ๋ฃ๋?
Are you listing to music?
(2) ์ง์ ๊ฐ๋?
์ง์ ๊ฐ๋?
Are you going home?
(3) ์ ์ฌ ๋จน๋?
์ ์ฌ ๋จน๋?
Are you having lunch?
(4) ๋ฌธ์ ํ๋?
๋ฌธ์ ํ๋?
Are you texting (on the mobile phone)?
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๋ญ โwhatโ
Asking questions such as โWhat do you like?โ or โWhat are you doing now?โ
is very simple in Korean. The counterpart of โwhatโ is ๋ญ. But you have to
remember that in Korean the pronoun โyouโ is usually omitted when it is
obvious who you are referring to. Therefore, we just put ์ข์ํ์ธ์? after
๋ญ as follows:
(1) ๋ญ ์ข์ํด? What do you like? (Casual)
(2) ๋ญ ์ข์ํ๋? What do you like? (Casual)
(3) ๋ญ ์ข์ํ๋? What do you like? (Casual)
(4) ๋ญ ์ข์ํด์? What do you like? (Polite)
(5) ๋ญ ์ข์ํ์ธ์? What do you like? (Honorific)
You can ask โWhat are you doing now?โ in the same way. The counterpart of
โare doingโ in Korean is ํด์. But to be polite to your classmates weโll use
ํ์ธ์.
(6) ๋ญ ํ์ธ์? What are you doing?
If we add ์ง๊ธ (now) to the beginning of the sentence it becomes:
(7) A: ์ง๊ธ ๋ญ ํ์ธ์? What are you doing now?
B: ์๋ฌด ๊ฒ๋ ์ ํด์. Iโm not doing anything.
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Task 1: Role Play
Choose one of the following activities. Now, go around the classroom and
practise the dialogue with your classmates.
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ Example Dialogue]
A: ์ง๊ธ ๋ญ ํ๋?
B: [ ๋ ํฌํธ ์จ. ] ๊ทผ๋ฐ, ์?
A: ๊ทธ๋ฅ.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
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Task 2: Listening
โ ๋ฌธํ (EXPONENT)
์ง๊ธ ๋ญ ํด์? What are you doing now?
(Something) Verb stem + ์/์ด์. I'm (verb)ing (something).
Noun + ํด์. I'm doing Noun .
โ ํ์ ์ดํ (ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
๊ณต๋ถํด์ study ์ ํํด์ telephone
๋จน์ด์ eat ๋ค์ด์ listen
์ฝ์ด์ read ์ ์์ sleep
๋ง์ ์ drink ์ ์ด์ put on
๋ง๋์ meet ๋ถ๋ฌ์ sing
์ถค ์ถฐ์ dance ๋ด์ see or watch
๋ ธ๋ song ํ ๋ ๋น์ television
์น๊ตฌ friend ์ท clothes
์ฃผ์ค juice ์ฑ book
์์ music ์ฌ๊ณผ apple โ You are going to hear a dialogue that describes various activities. Write
down the letter of the picture that describes what you hear. Ready? Listen!
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
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Situation Dialogue 2
Minjun and Hyeonu are on campus talking about plans for the coming
Saturday.
๋ฏผ์ค: ์ด๋ฒ ํ ์์ผ์ ๋ญ ํด?
ํ์ฐ: ํ ์์ผ?1 ํ ์์ผ์ ์๋ฐํด.
๋ฏผ์ค: ๋ฌด์จ ์๋ฐ? 2
ํ์ฐ: ์๋น์์ ์๋น.
๋ฏผ์ค: ๊ทธ๋ผ ์ผ์์ผ์?
ํ์ฐ: ์์ง ๊ณํ ์์ด.
Romanisation and Translation
Minjun: Ibeon toyoire mwo hae? What are you up to this Saturday?
Hyeonu: Toyoil? Toyoiren albahae. Saturday? Iโm working (my casual
job) on Saturday.
Minjun: Museun alba? What job?
Hyeonu: Sikdangeseo seobing. Waiter in a restaurant.
(Lit. Waiting tables in a restaurant.)
Minjun: Geureom iryoireun? What about Sunday then?
Hyeonu: Ajik gyehoek eopseo. No plans yet.
Vocabulary
์ด๋ฒ this
ํ ์์ผ Saturday
+์ on
๋ญ what
ํด [ํ doํด(casual present tense form)] do; are doing
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+์ [+์ on/at/to +ใด(emphasis)]
์๋ฐํด [์๋ฐํ do casual work ์๋ฐํด(casual present tense form)]
doing casual work
๋ฌด์จ what (kind of)
์๋น restaurant
+์์ in; at
์๋น waiting tables (serving)
๊ทธ๋ผ well then
์ผ์์ผ Sunday
์์ง yet; still
๊ณํ plan
์์ด [์ there isnโt; not have +์ด(casual present tense ending)]
there isnโt any; do not have any
Note 1: Echo questions, like โํ ์์ผ?โ in the dialogue above, are
frequently used to confirm what someone else has just said and
show that you are listening. They support the conversation and
show your active interest.
Note 2: ๋ฌด์จ is used in front of the noun that you are asking about and
means โwhat (movie)?โ, โwhat kind of (person)?โ, โwhich
(colour)?โ.
You need to be very careful not to use ๋ญ (what) in these cases
because โwhatโ and โwhat somethingโ in Korean are different.
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โHowever, instead of โ๋ฌด์จ Noun?โ, you can also use the form
โNoun ๋ญ?โ for the same effect as shown in the dialogue below:
A: ์ด๋ฒ ํ ์์ผ์ ๋ญ ํด? What are you up to this Saturday?
B: ์๋ฐํด. Iโm working (my casual job).
A: ์๋ฐ ๋ญ?
(instead of โ๋ฌด์จ ์๋ฐ?โ)
What job?
B: ์๋น์์ ์๋น. Waiter in a restaurant.
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Vocabulary: Time Words (์๊ฐ)
์ค์ am
์คํ pm
์์นจ morning
์ ์ฌ midday
์ ๋ evening
๋ฐค night
์ฃผ์ค weekdays
์ฃผ๋ง weekend
ํ์ผ weekday workday
ํด์ผ public holiday
์ง๋ ์ฃผ last week
์ด๋ฒ ์ฃผ this week
๋ค์ ์ฃผ next week
์ง๋ ํ๊ธฐ last semester
์ด๋ฒ ํ๊ธฐ this semester
๋ค์ ํ๊ธฐ next semester
์๋ / ์ง๋ ํด last year
๊ธ๋ / ์ฌํด this year
๋ด๋ / ๋ค์ ํด next year
์์์ผ Monday
ํ์์ผ Tuesday
์์์ผ Wednesday
๋ชฉ์์ผ Thursday
๊ธ์์ผ Friday
ํ ์์ผ Saturday
์ผ์์ผ Sunday
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Time Particle +์ โinโ, โatโ or โonโ
When you want to indicate that something has happened at a particular time,
you attach the particle +์ to a time word.
Time Word +์
(1) ์์นจ์ ํ๊ต์ ๊ฐ์. I go to school in the morning.
(2) ์คํ์ ์์์ฅ์ ๊ฐ์. I go to a swimming pool in the afternoon.
(3) ์ฌ๋ ์์ ์ง์ ์์. Iโm coming home at 8 oโclock.
(4) ์ฃผ๋ง์ ์๋๋์ ๊ฐ์. Iโm going to Sydney at the weekend.
However, there are a few time words that are used without +์:
์ค๋ (today) ์ง๊ธ (now)
์ด์ (yesterday) ์ฌํด (this year)
๋ด์ผ (tomorrow)
(5) ๋ด์ผ ๊ทน์ฅ์ ๊ฐ์ Iโm going to a cinema tomorrow.
(6) ์ง๊ธ ์ข ๋ฐ๋น ์. Iโm a bit busy at the moment.
When two or more time words are used together, the time particle +์ is
attached to the last one only:
(7) ์์นจ ์ฌ๋ ์์
ํ๊ต์ ๊ฐ์.
I go to school at 8 oโclock in the morning.
(You would not say ์์นจ์ ์ฌ๋ ์์)
(8) ๋ด์ผ ์์นจ ์ผ๊ณฑ ์์
ํ๊ต์ ๊ฐ์.
I am going to school at 7 oโclock
tomorrow morning.
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Task 3: Writing
Write your answers to the following questions according to the information
below. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 have been done for you.
morning: go to university, play tennis, swim, drink coffee, eat breakfast
afternoon: come home, listen to music, drink tea
evening: read the newspaper, study Korean,
night: watch TV, write a letter, go to a night club
weekend: clean the house, do shopping, meet a friend, go to the cinema
1. ์ ๋ ์์นจ์ ํ๊ต์ ๊ฐ์.
2. ์ ๋ ์คํ์ ์ง์ ์์.
3. ์ ๋ ์ ๋ ์ ์ ๋ฌธ ์ฝ์ด์.
4. ์ ๋ ๋ฐค์ ํ ๋ ๋น์ ๋ด์.
5. ์ ๋ ์ฃผ๋ง์ ์ง ์ฒญ์ํด์.
6. ์ ๋ ํ ๋์ค ์ณ์.
7. ์ ๋ ์ปคํผ ๋ง์ ์.
8. ์ ๋ ์์ ๋ค์ด์.
9. ์ ๋ ํ๊ตญ์ด ๊ณต๋ถํด์.
10. ์ ๋ ํธ์ง ์จ์.
11. ์ ๋ ์ผํํด์.
12. ์ ๋ ์์ํด์.
13. ์ ๋ ์ฐจ ๋ง์ ์.
14. ์ ๋ ๊ทน์ฅ์ ๊ฐ์.
15. ์ ๋ ๋์ดํธ ํด๋ฝ์ ๊ฐ์.
16. ์ ๋ ์์นจ ๋จน์ด์.
17. ์ ๋ ์น๊ตฌ ๋ง๋์.
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Location Particle +์์ โinโ or โatโ
+์์ is used to indicate where an activity takes place. It is equivalent to the
English โinโ or โatโ when used in relation to an activity. This is a distinction
that English does not make, so try to remember that when an activity is
involved, use +์์, not +์.
Location +์์
Examples:
(1) ๋ฐฑํ์ ์์ ๋ฐ์ง ์ฌ์. I am buying a pair of trousers
in the department store.
(2) ๋ชจ๋ด์ ๋ํ๊ต์์
ํ๊ตญ์ด ๊ณต๋ถํด์.
I am studying Korean
at Monash University.
(3) ์ํ์์ ๋ ์ฐพ์์. Iโm withdrawing money at a bank.
(4) ์์ ์์ ์ฑ ์ฌ์. Iโm buying a book at a bookshop.
(5) ํ์ฌ์์ ์ผ ํด์. Iโm working at the office.
(6) ๋์๊ด์์ ์ฑ ๋น๋ ค์. I am borrowing a book at the library.
(7) ์๋น์์ ์ ์ฌ ๋จน์ด์. I am having lunch at a restaurant.
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Task 4: Writing
Fill in an appropriate place name for the activities below.
1. ๋ฐฑํ์ ์์ ๋ฐ์ง ์ฌ์.
2. ๋ชจ๋ด์ ๋ํ๊ต์์ ํ๊ตญ์ด ๊ณต๋ถํด์.
3. ๋ ์ฐพ์์.
4. ์ฑ ์ฌ์.
5. ์ผํด์.
6. ์ฑ ๋น๋ ค์.
7. ์ ์ฌ ๋จน์ด์.
8. ์์ ๊ฑฐ ํ์.
9. ํ ๋์ค ์ณ์.
10. ์์ ๋ค์ด์.
11. ์ผํํด์.
12. ์น๊ตฌ ๋ง๋์.
13. ์ฒญ์ํด์.
14. ์ ๋ง์ ์.
15. ์ถค ์ถฐ์.
16. ๋ ธ๋ ๋ถ๋ฌ์.
17. ์์ ๋ง๋ค์ด์.
18. ์ปคํผ ๋ง์ ์.
19. ํ๊ตญ ์์ ๋จน์ด์.
20. ํ ๋ ๋น์ ๋ด์.
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Task 5: Role Play
Choose two of the activities below that you usually do on the weekend. Move
around the classroom and discuss your weekend activities with your
classmates.
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ Example Dialogue]
A: ์ฃผ๋ง์ ๋ณดํต(usually) ๋ญ ํด?
B: ํ ์์ผ์ [ ๋์๊ด์์ ๊ณต๋ถํด. ]
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ผ์์ผ์ [ ์ง์์ ์ฒญ์ํด. ]
๋?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. 6.
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Task 6: Writing
Complete the dialogues using the pictures.
1. ์๋ฏธ: ํ ์์ผ์ ๋ณดํต(usually) ๋ญ ํด?
ํด: ์ค์ ์๋ ๋์๊ด์์ ๊ณต๋ถํด.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์คํ์๋ ์ง์์ ์ฒญ์ํด.
๋?
์๋ฏธ: ์ค์ ์๋ .
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์คํ์๋ .
2. ๋ฏผ์ญ: ํ ์์ผ์ ๋ณดํต ๋ญ ํด?
์๋ง๋ค: ์ค์ ์๋ ์ํผ๋ง์ผ์์ ์๋ฐํด.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์คํ์๋ ์ง์์ ์ฒญ์ํด.
๋?
๋ฏผ์ญ: ์ค์ ์๋ .
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์คํ์๋ .
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3. ์์ค: ์ฃผ๋ง์ ๋ณดํต ๋ญ ํด?
๋ก๋ฒํธ: ํ ์์ผ์๋ .
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ผ์์ผ์๋ .
4. ์ฑ์ฐฌ: ์ฃผ๋ง์ ๋ณดํต ๋ญ ํด?
์ค๋๋ฅ: ํ ์์ผ์๋ .
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ผ์์ผ์๋ .
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Situation Dialogue 3
Minjun sees Hyeonu talking to Paul and asks who Paul is.
๋ฏผ์ค: ํ๊ตญ์ด ์ํ๋๋ฐ. ๋๊ตฌ์ผ?
ํ์ฐ: ํด์ด์ผ. ๋๋ ๊ฒฝ์ ํ ๊ฐ์ด ๋ค์ด.
๋ฏผ์ค: ๊ทธ๋? ๊ฒฝ์ ํ ์์ ์ด๋?
์ ํ๋ค์ด?
ํ์ฐ: ํ๋ค์ด.
ํ ์คํธ๋ ๋ง์.
๋ฏผ์ค: ๊ณผ์ ๋?
ํ์ฐ: ๊ณผ์ ๋ ์์ด.
Romanisation and Translation
Minjun: Hangugeo jal haneunde.
Nuguya?
His Koreanโs good.
Who is โe?
Hyeonu: Poriya. Narang gyeongjehak
gachi deureo.
Paul. Heโs in my economics class
(Lit. with me).
Minjun: Geurae?
Gyeongjehak sueop eottae?
An himdeureo?
Yeah?
Howโs the class?
Is it hard? (Lit. Is it not hard?)
Hyeonu: Himdeureo.
Teseuteudo mana.
Itโs hard.
Lotโs of tests too.
Minjun: Gwajeneun? What about the homework?
Hyeonu: Gwajeneun eopseo. No homework.
Vocabulary
ํ๊ตญ์ด Korean language
์ํ๋๋ฐ good at (Lit. do well)
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๋๊ตฌ who
+์ผ +์ผ/์ด์ผ is the casual form of +์์/์ด์์(am/are/is).
๋ I; me
+๋ with; +(์ด)๋
๊ฒฝ์ ํ economics
๊ฐ์ด together
๋ค์ด [๋ฃ listen to๋ค+์ด(casual present tense ending)]
take (a class)
๊ทธ๋? yeah?
์์ class
์ด๋? What is it like?
์ not
ํ๋ค์ด [ํ๋ค hard+์ด(casual present tense ending)] hard (hard work)
ํ ์คํธ test
+๋ too
๋ง์ [๋ง ample+์ด(casual present tense ending)]
there are lots of; have lots of
๊ณผ์ homework
์์ด [์ there isnโt; not have +์ด(casual present tense ending)]
there isnโt any; do not have any
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Asking Opinions โฆ ์ด๋(์)? โHow is โฆ?โ
Noun ์ด๋? (Casual)
Noun ์ด๋์? (Polite)
Noun ์ด๋ ์ธ์? (Honorific)
When you want to ask an opinion about something (the topic), you can say
โโฆ ์ด๋์? (How is ...?)โ as in โHowโs the class?โ (or โWhat is โฆ like?โ as
in โWhat is Korean food like?โ). The answer will be like โIt (the class) is
hard.โ In English, question words like โwhat, when, where, who, why, howโ
appear at the beginning of the sentence, but Korean sentence order is the same
as the answer, which means the topic comes first whether it is a question or
not . There is no โisโ when you use these verbs. They all include โisโ in their
meaning.
A: ์์ ์ด๋์?
class how is?
How is class?
B: (์์ ) ํ๋ค์ด์.
class is hard
It is hard.
Examples:
(1) A: ํ๊ตญ์ด ์์ ์ด๋์? Howโs the Korean class?
B: ๊ด์ฐฎ์์. Itโs all right.
(2) A: ์ปคํผ ์ด๋? Howโs the coffee?
B: ์ด, ์์ฃผ ์ข์. Uh, itโs very good.
(3) A: ํ๊ตญ ์์ ์ด๋์? What is Korean food like?
B: ์์ฃผ ๋งค์์. Itโs very chilly hot.
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Task 7: Role Play
Practise the dialogue with a partner, using the adjectives given below. You
may ask about classes.
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ Example Dialogue]
A: [ ๊ฒฝ์ ํ ์์ ] ์ด๋?
B: [ ํ๋ค์ด. ].
A: [ ํ๊ตญ์ด ]๋? / [ ๊ฒฝ์ํ ]์?
B: [ ์ฌ๋ฐ์ด / ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ด. ] .
์ด๋ ค์ difficult
ํ๋ค์ด hard
์ฌ์ easy
์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ด interesting
์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ด not interesting
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Adjectives (Describing Words) and their Endings
+์/์ด, +์/์ด์, +(์ผ)์ธ์
Unlike in English where adjectives are used with the verb โisโ, adjectives in
Korean are used by themselves and come where the verb would go in the
sentence. They are formed according to the same rules for verbs and also have
three main speech styles: 1) casual form, 2) polite form, and 3) honorific
form.
Adjective Stem +์/์ด (Casual)
Adjective Stem +์/์ด์ (Polite)
Adjective Stem +(์ผ)์ธ์ (Honorific)
1) Casual form
If the last vowel of the stem is ใ (ใ ) or ใ (ใ ): +์
๋ง + ์ ๋ง์ fine (weather)
์ธ + ์ ์ธ inexpensive (์ธ already has ใ and
no final consonant, so you donโt need
to add ์)
๋์ + ์ ๋๋น bad (When the stem ends in the
vowel โใ กโ, it is dropped. This makes
์ in ๋ใ the last vowel.)
If the last vowel is not ใ (ใ ) or ใ (ใ ): +์ด
์ฌ๋ฏธ์ + ์ด ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ด interesting/funy
๋ง์ + ์ด ๋ง์์ด delicious
ํฌ + ์ด ์ปค big (When the stem ends in the
vowel โใ กโ, it is dropped.)
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When there is no final consonant, the vowels are usually combined into
one syllable:
ํ๋ฆฌ + ์ด ํ๋ ค cloudy
๋๋ฆฌ + ์ด ๋๋ ค slow
If the stem ends in ํ: ํ โ ํด
๊นจ๋ํ ๊นจ๋ํด clean
๋๋ํ ๋๋ํด smart
So far, the rule is the exactly same to that for verbs. However, here you will
learn an irregular ending used more frequently in adjectives, which is used
when the stem ends inใ .
If the last vowel of the stem is ใ and stem ends in ใ :
deleteใ +์
๊ณฑ deleteใ +์ ๊ณ ์ (an old fashioned word
for pretty like โfairโ)
If the last vowel of the stem is not ใ and stem ends in ใ : deleteใ
+์
๋ฅ deleteใ + ์ ๋์ (temperature) hot
์ด๋ ต deleteใ +์ ์ด๋ ค์ difficult
Note: +์ is much more common than +์, so at this stage you only need to
focus on+์.
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2) Polite form
Polite form is constructed in the same way as casual form except that you
add ์ at the end.
์ธ + ์ ์ธ + ์ ์ธ์ inexpensive
๋ง์ + ์ด ๋ง์์ด + ์ ๋ง์์ด์ delicious
3) Honorific form
There are rules for forming honorific form depending on whether the verb
stem ends in a consonant or vowel.
If the adjective stem ends in a vowel: +์ธ์
๋ฐ์ + ์ธ์ ๋ฐ์์ธ์ busy
If the adjective stem ends in a consonant except ใ : +์ผ์ธ์
์ฌ๋ฏธ์ + ์ผ์ธ์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ธ์ interesting/funy
If the adjective stem ends in the consonant ใ : deleteใ +์ฐ์ธ์
์๋ฆ๋ต deleteใ +์ฐ์ธ์ ์๋ฆ๋ค์ฐ์ธ์ beautiful
Donโt worry too much about having to remember these rules. The best way at
this stage is to memorize both stem and ending together, as mentioned earlier.
Refer to the adjective table on the following pages to see the three different
forms for a range of adjectives.
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Adjective Table: Present Tense Endings
English Stem Casual Form Ending
+์/์ด
bad ๋์ drop โใ กโ +์ ๋๋น
beautiful ์๋ฆ๋ต drop โใ โ +์ ์๋ฆ๋ค์
boring ์ฌ๋ฏธ์ +์ด ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ด
busy ๋ฐ์ drop โใ กโ +์ ๋ฐ๋น
inexpensive ์ธ +์ ์ธ
cold ์ถฅ drop โใ โ +์ ์ถ์
cute ๊ท์ฝ drop โใ โ +์ ๊ท์ฌ์
delicious ๋ง์ +์ด ๋ง์์ด
difficult ์ด๋ ต drop โใ โ +์ ์ด๋ ค์
easy ์ฝ drop โใ โ +์ ์ฌ์
expensive ๋น์ธ +์ ๋น์ธ
fun (enjoyable) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์ +์ด ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ด
good ์ข +์ ์ข์
good-looking ์์๊ธฐ +์์ด* ์์๊ฒผ์ด
hate/dislike ์ซ +์ด ์ซ์ด
hot (spicy) ๋งต drop โใ โ +์ ๋งค์
numerous ๋ง +์ ๋ง์
pretty ์์ drop โใ กโ +์ด ์๋ป
sick ์ํ drop โใ กโ +์ ์ํ
tasteless ๋ง์ +์ด ๋ง์์ด
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Polite Form +์/์ด์
Honorific Form +(์ผ)์ธ์
Question Ending +๋?
Question Ending +๋?
๋๋น ์ ๋์์ธ์ ๋์๋? ๋์๋?
์๋ฆ๋ค์์ ์๋ฆ๋ค์ฐ์ธ์ ์๋ฆ๋ต๋? ์๋ฆ๋ต๋?
์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ด์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ธ์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋? ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋?
๋ฐ๋น ์ ๋ฐ์์ธ์ ๋ฐ์๋? ๋ฐ์๋?
์ธ์ ์ธ์ธ์? ์ธ๋? ์ธ๋?
์ถ์์ ์ถ์ฐ์ธ์? ์ถฅ๋? ์ถฅ๋?
๊ท์ฌ์์ ๊ท์ฌ์ฐ์ธ์ ๊ท์ฝ๋? ๊ท์ฝ๋?
๋ง์์ด์ ๋ง์์ผ์ธ์? ๋ง์๋? ๋ง์๋?
์ด๋ ค์์ ์ด๋ ค์ฐ์ธ์ ์ด๋ ต๋? ์ด๋ ต๋?
์ฌ์์ ์ฌ์ฐ์ธ์? ์ฝ๋? ์ฝ๋?
๋น์ธ์ ๋น์ธ์ธ์? ๋น์ธ๋? ๋น์ธ๋?
์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ด์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ธ์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋? ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋?
์ข์์ ์ข์ผ์ธ์ ์ข๋? ์ข๋?
์์๊ฒผ์ด์ ์์๊ธฐ์ จ์ด์ ์์๊ฒผ๋? ์์๊ฒผ๋?
์ซ์ด์ ์ซ์ผ์ธ์? ์ซ๋? ์ซ๋?
๋งค์์ ๋งค์ฐ์ธ์? ๋งต๋? ๋งต๋?
๋ง์์ ๋ง์ผ์ธ์ ๋ง๋? ๋ง๋?
์๋ป์ ์์์ธ์ ์์๋? ์์๋?
์ํ์ ์ํ์ธ์ ์ํ๋? ์ํ๋?
๋ง์์ด์ ๋ง์์ผ์ธ์? ๋ง์๋? ๋ง์๋?
Note: Those with the question mark โ?โ are used only in questions.
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Vocabulary: Transitional Words
๊ทผ๋ฐ/๊ทธ๋ฐ๋ฐ by the way; but; and yet
ํ์ง๋ง/๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ but; however
๊ทธ๋ผ/๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด then; in that case
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ and (joining sentences)
๊ทธ๋์ so; therefore
Examples:
(1) A: ์ง๊ธ ๋ญ ํ๋? Whatcha doing?
B: ๋ฆฌํฌํธ ์จ. ๊ทผ๋ฐ ์? Writing an assignment. Why?
(2) A: ํ๊ตญ ์์ ์ข์ํด? Do you like Korean food?
B: ์ด, ํ์ง๋ง ์ข ๋งค์. Yeah, but itโs a bit spicy.
(3) A: ๋ ์ค๋ ์์ ์ผ์ฐ ๋๋. My class finishes early today.
B: ๊ทธ๋ผ, ์ผ์ฐ ์ง์ ์. Then, come home early.
(4) A: ์ด๋ฒ ํ ์์ผ์ ๋ญ ํด? What are you up to this Saturday?
B: ์ค์ ์๋ ์๋ฐํด. I will be doing casual work
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์คํ์๋ ๊ณต๋ถํด. in the morning. And in the
afternoon I will be studying.
(5) ์์ ๊ฐ ๋ง์์. I have many assignments to do.
๊ทธ๋์ ์ ๋ง ๋ฐ๋น ์. So I am really busy.
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Task 8: Writing
You are conducting market research. Make your own questionnaire about
what people do on weekends. The first two are done for you.
์ค๋ฌธ์ง (Questionnaire)
๋์ด (age):
์ฑ๋ณ (sex) ์ฌ์ (female) ๋จ์ (male)
์ง์ (occupation):
1. ์ฃผ๋ง์ ํ ๋ ๋น์ ๋ณด์ธ์? ๋ค ์๋์
2. ์ฃผ๋ง์ ์ฑ ์ฝ์ผ์ธ์? ๋ค ์๋์
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
๊ฐ์ฌํฉ๋๋ค!
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6
๋ช ์์ ๋ง๋ ๊น์?
Unit Focus:
Talking About the Time
Making Appointments
Talking About Class Timetables
o Spaces Between Words Revisited
o ๋ฌด์จ โWhichโฆ?โ; โWhat kind of โฆ?โ; โWhatโฆ?โ
o Vocabulary: Question Words
o Vocabulary: Study Words
o Telling the Time: # oโclock
o ๋ช โHow many...?โ; โWhat...?โ; โHow (old)โฆ?โ
o Suggestions 1
+์ โLet'sโฆโ
o โฆ+๋ถํฐ โฆ+๊น์ง โfromโฆ tillโฆโ
o Suggestions 2
+(์ผ)ใน๊น์? โShall weโฆ?โ
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Situation Dialogue 1
Minjun asks Hyeonu if he wants to have lunch after class.
๋ฏผ์ค: ์ค๋ ์ค์ ์ ์์ ์๋?
ํ์ฐ: ์ด.
๋ฏผ์ค: ๋ฌด์จ ์์ ?
ํ์ฐ: ์ค๊ตญ์ด.
๋ฏผ์ค: ๋ช ์์ ๋๋๋๋ฐ?
ํ์ฐ: ์ด๋ ์.
๋ฏผ์ค: ์ ๋๋ค.
๊ทธ๋ผ ๊ฐ์ด ์ ์ฌ ๋จน์.
ํ์ฐ: ๊ทธ๋. ๊ทธ๋ฌ์.
Romanisation and Translation
Minjun: Oneul ojeone sueop innya? Dโyou have a class this
morning?
Hyeonu: Eo. Yep.
Minjun: Museun sueop? What class?
Hyeonu: Junggugeo Chinese.
Minjun: Myeot sie kkeunnaneunde? Whenโs it finish?
Hyeonu: Yeol dusi. Twelve.
Minjun: Jal dwaetda.
Geureom gachi jeomsim meokja.
Good.
Letโs have lunch together then.
Hyeonu: Geurae. Geureoja Yeah, letโs do that.
Vocabulary
์ค๋ today
์ค์ ์ [์ค์ morning; a.m. +์ in] in the morning
์์ class
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โฆ ์๋? [์ have; there is +๋(very casual ending often used among boys)]
Dโ you haveโฆ?
์ด yep
๋ฌด์จ what (kind of)
์ค๊ตญ์ด [์ค๊ตญ China ์ด language] Chinese (the language)
๋ช ์์ [๋ช ์ what time +์(time particle)] at what time
๋๋๋๋ฐ [๋๋ finish +๋๋ฐ (casual soft ending)] finish
์๋๋ค Good! (Lit. it worked out well).
์ด๋ ์ twelve oโclock
๊ทธ๋ผ in that case; well then; yes indeed
๊ฐ์ด together
์ ์ฌ lunch
๋จน์ [๋จน eat +์ letโs] letโs eat
๊ทธ๋ yeah; really
๊ทธ๋ฌ์ [๊ทธ๋ฌ like that +์ letโs] letโs do that
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Spaces Between Words Revisited
We have already learnt that there are spaces between words in Korean. The
basic rule is that there is a space between words unless there is a particle such
as โ+์ toโ, โ+์์ atโ, โ+๋ถํฐ fromโ, etc. In English these are regarded
prepositions and considered separate words, but in Korean they are attached
to the noun.
The particles we have learned so far are as follows:
Destination particle +์
ํ๊ต์ ๊ฐ์. Iโm going to uni.
Location particle +์์
๋ชจ๋ด์์์ ํ๊ตญ์ด ๊ณต๋ถํด์. Iโm studying Korean
at Monash.
Time Particle +์
๋ด์ผ ์์นจ์ ์ํ ์์ด์. I have an exam
tomorrow morning.
Topic particle +์/๋
๋๋ ๋ชจ๋ด์ ํ์์ด์์. Iโm a Monash student.
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๋ฌด์จ โWhich...?โ; โWhat kind of ...?โ; โWhat...?โ
When you want to ask a question that corresponds to the English โwhich ...?โ
or โwhat kind of ...?โ, you can use the question word ๋ฌด์จ in front of the noun
that you are asking about. Strictly speaking, ๋ฌด์จ is equivalent to โwhat kind
ofโฆ?โ and should be answered by stating a type. (E.g. โWhat kind of food did
you eat?โ โI had Italian food.โ) However, in common usage, ๋ฌด์จ is also used
to correspond to questions like โWhat food did you eat?โ and can be answered
with โI ate pastaโ.
Examples:
(1) A: ๋ฌด์จ ์ํ ์ข์ํด? What type of movie do you like?
B: ์ก์ ์ํ. Action movies.
(2) A: ๋ฌด์จ ์ฑ ์ฝ์ด์? What kind of book are you reading?
B: ์์ค์ฑ ์ด์. A novel.
(3) A: ๋์ด ๋ฌด์จ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ ํด? What are you two talking about?
B: ์ด, ์๋ฌด ๊ฒ๋ ์๋์ผ. Uh, itโs nothing.
(4) A: ๋ฌด์จ ์ผ์ด์์? Whatโs the matter with you?
B: ์๋ฌด ๊ฒ๋ ์๋์์. Itโs nothing.
Note that ๋ฌด์จ can also mean โanyโ depending on its context as in (5).
(5) A: ๋ด์ผ ๋ฌด์จ ๊ณํ ์์ด? Do you have any plan for tomorrow?
B: ์๋, ์? No, why?
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Vocabulary: Question Words
๋ญ what
๋ช what; howโฆ (numerical quantity)
e.g. what time ๋ช์, how old ๋ช ์ด
๋ฌด์จ which; what kind of; what
์ด๋(์) where
์ธ์ when
์ผ๋ง how much (when asking about prices)
๋๊ตฌ who
๋๊ฐ who (when used as the subject)
Vocabulary: Study Words
(ํ)๊ตญ์ด Korean ํ๊ณํ accounting
์ค๊ตญ์ด Chinese ๊ฒฝ์ํ business management
์์ด English ๊ฒฝ์ ํ economics
๋ถ์ด French (or ํ๋์ค์ด) ๊ต์กํ education
๋ ์ผ์ด German ๊ธ์ตํ finance
์ธ๋๋ค์์์ด Indonesian ์ง๋ฆฌํ geography
์ผ๋ณธ์ด Japanese ๋ฒํ law
๋ผํด์ด Latin ์ธ์ดํ linguistics
ํ์ผ๋๋์ด Thai (or ํ๊ตญ์ด) ์ํ mathematics
๋ฒ ํธ๋จ์ด Vietnamese ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ physics
์ํ examination ์ ์นํ politics
์์ homework ๊ณผํ science
๋ฆฌํฌํธ
essay (often pronounced
as ๋ ํฌํธ)
ํ๊ตญ์ญ์ฌ Korean history
(or ๊ตญ์ฌ)
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Telling the Time: # oโclock
We have learnt that Pure Korean numbers and Sino-Korean numbers are used
in different situations. However, when telling the time, both sets of numbers
have to be used. Here we will learn how to say 1 oโclock, 2 oโclock, etc. Later
we will introduce how to use minutes (and Sino Korean numbers).
Pure Korean numbers are used for the hour:
ํ ์ one oโclock
๋ ์ two oโclock
์ธ ์ three oโclock
๋ค ์ four oโclock
๋ค์ฏ ์ five oโclock
์ฌ์ฏ ์ six oโclock
์ผ๊ณฑ ์ seven oโclock
์ฌ๋ ์ eight oโclock
์ํ ์ nine oโclock
์ด ์ ten oโclock
์ดํ ์ eleven oโclock
์ด๋ ์ twelve oโclock
Pure Korean numbers are also used to express a duration of a certain number
of hours:
๋ ์๊ฐ two hours
๋ค ์๊ฐ ๋ฐ four and a half hours
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๋ช โHow many...?โ; โWhat...?โ; โHow (old)...?โ
We use ๋ช when we want to ask a question regarding a numerical quantity. In
English, we often start such questions with โhow manyโ but there are also
cases where we use โwhatโ (e.g. What is the time?) or โhowโ (e.g. How old is
she?). Korean uses the word ๋ช for all of these cases.
(1) A: ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์? What time is it?
B: ๋ ์์์. Itโs two oโclock.
(2) A: ํ๋ฃจ์ ๋ช ์๊ฐ ๊ณต๋ถํด์? How many hours a day do you
study?
B: ํ ์๊ฐ ํด์. One hour.
(3) A: ํ๋ฃจ์ ์ปคํผ๋ฅผ ๋ช ์ ๋ง์ ์? How many cups of coffee do you
drink a day?
B: ์ธ ์ ๋ง์ ์. I drink three a day.
(4) A: ์ฌ๋์์ด ๋ช ์ด์ด์์? How old is your younger sister?
B: ์ด ์ฌ์ฏ ์ด์ด์์. Sheโs sixteen.
(5) A: ํ์์ด ๋ชจ๋ ๋ช ๋ช ์ด์์?* How many students are there
altogether?
B: ๋ค ๋ช ์ด์์. There are four.
(๋ช ๋ช ์ด์์ is pronounced myeon-myeong-i-e-yo.)
(6) A: ์ฌ๋ฌด์ค์ด ๋ช ์ธต์ ์์ด์? What floor is the office on?
B: ์ค ์ธต์ ์์ด์. Itโs on the fifth floor.
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(7) A: ์ค๋ ๋ช ์ ๋ฉฐ์น ์ด์์?* Whatโs the date today?
B: ๊ตฌ ์ ์ญ์ฌ ์ผ์ด์์. Itโs the 14th of September.
(๋ช ์ is pronounced myeo-dweol.)
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Task 1: Listening
โ ๋ฌธํ (EXPONENT)
์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์? What time is it now?
A(Pure Korean Number) ์์์. It's A o'clock.
โ ํ์ ์ดํ (ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
Pure Korean numbers up to 12
โ You are going to hear a dialogue on the time. "์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?"
"5์์์" Find the clock that shows the time you hear. Put a mark ' ' in that
clock. Ready? Listen!
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Task 2: Word Check
Match the Korean words with their English equivalents. The first one has
been done for you.
a. ํ๊ตญ์ด โ h. ์ํ o. ์์ด
b. ์ง๋ฆฌํ i. ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ p. ํ๊ตญ์ญ์ฌ
c. ๊ธ์ตํ j. ๊ต์กํ q. ๋ฒ ํธ๋จ์ด
d. ํ๊ณํ k. ๋ ์ผ์ด r. ์ผ๋ณธ์ด
e. ๋ฒํ l. ๊ฒฝ์ ํ s. ์ ์นํ
f. ๊ณผํ m. ํธ์ฃผ์ญ์ฌ t. ์ค๊ตญ์ด
g. ์ธ๋๋ค์์์ด n. ์ธ์ดํ
1. Korean ํ๊ตญ์ด 11. economics
2. English 12. linguistics
3. Germa n 13. Chinese
4. Japanese 14. Korean history
5. mathematics 15. politics
6. physics 16. geography
7. accounting 17. Vietnamese
8. finance 18. Australian history
9. science 19. Indonesian
10. education 20. law
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Task 3: Role Play
Find out the timetables of the other students in your class using the following
dialogue to complete the table below.
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ Example Dialogue]
๋ฏผ์ค: ์ค๋ (์ค์ ์) [ ์์ /์๋ฐ ] ์์ด/์๋?
ํ์ฐ: ์ด.
๋ฏผ์ค: ๋ฌด์จ [ ์์ /์๋ฐ ]?
ํ์ฐ: [ ์ค๊ตญ์ด/์ปคํผ์์์ ์๋น ].
๋ฏผ์ค: ๋ช ์์ ๋๋๋๋ฐ?
ํ์ฐ: [ ์ด ๋์ ].
์๊ฐ ์ด๋ฆ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ/ ์๋ฐ
Time Name Subject/Type of Work
8:00 - 9:00
9:00 -10:00
10:00 -11:00
11:00 -12:00
12:00 - 1:00
1:00 - 2:00
2:00 - 3:00
3:00 - 4:00
4:00 - 5:00
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Suggestions 1: +์ โLetโsโฆโ
When you want to make a suggestion that involves both you and the person you are talking to in a casual style, add the ending +์ to the verb stem:
(1) ๊ฐ์ด ๊ฐ์. Letโs go together.
(2) ๊ฐ์ด ์ ์ฌ ๋จน์. Letโs have lunch together.
(3) ๊ฐ์ด ๊ณต๋ถํ์. Letโs study together.
(4) ์์ ๊ฑฐ ํ์. Letโs ride bike.
(5) ์ด๋ฒ ์ฃผ๋ง์ ์ผํ ๊ฐ์. Letโs go shopping this weekend.
(6) ๋ฐฅ ๋จน์. Letโs eat.
(7) ํ ๋ ๋น์ ๋ณด์. Letโs watch TV.
(8) ํ๊ตญ ์์ ๋ฃ์. Letโs listen to Korean Music.
(9) ์ปคํผ์์์ ๋ ์์ ๋ง๋์. Letโs meet at the coffee shop at two.
Refer to the verb table in the appendices.
Verb Stem + ์ (Casual)
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Situation Dialogue 2
Jihun asks Minseo whether she wants to go hagwon after class.
์งํ: ์ค๋ ์คํ์ ์์ ์์ด?
๋ฏผ์: ์ด.
์งํ: ๋ช ์์ ์๋๋ฐ?
๋ฏผ์: ์ธ ์๋ถํฐ ๋ค์ฏ ์๊น์ง.
์งํ: ๋๋ ๋ค์ฏ ์์ ๋๋๋๋ฐ.
๋๋๊ณ ํ์ ๊ฐ์ด ๊ฐ๊น?
๋ฏผ์: ๊ทธ๋, ๊ทธ๋ผ.
Romanisation and Translation
Jihun: Oneul ohue sueop isseo? Dโyou have a class this afternoon?
Minseo: Eo. Yep.
Jihun: Myeot sie inneunde? When?
Minseo: Se sibuteo daseot sikkaji Three til five.
Jihun: Nado daseot sie
kkeunnaneunde.
Kkeunnago hagwon gachi
galkka?
I finish at five too. Wanna come
with me to the hagwon?
(Lit. Shall we go to the hagwon
together?)
Minseo: Geurae, geureom. Yeah, alright.
Vocabulary
์ค๋ today
์คํ์ [์คํ afternoon; p.m. +์ in] in the afternoon
์์ class
์์ด [์ have; there is +์ด(casual present tense ending)] have
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๋ช ์ what time
์๋๋ฐ [์ have +๋๋ฐ(soft ending)] have
์ธ ์ three oโclock
+๋ถํฐ from
๋ค์ฏ ์ five oโclock
+๊น์ง until
๋๋ [๋ me +๋ too] me too
๋๋๋๋ฐ [๋๋ finish +๋๋ฐ (soft ending)] finish
๋๋๊ณ [๋๋ finish +๊ณ and then] after that
ํ์ hagwon (a private educational institution/cram school)
A hagwon is a private school where children are taught subjects
such as English and mathematics after regular school hours.
Most Korean children attend these expensive schools in order to
keep up in the extremely competitive educational system. There
are also hagwon where adults go to learn foreign languages or
prepare for the various professional exams.
๊ฐ์ด together
๊ฐ๊น? [๊ฐ go+ใน๊น?shall we?] Shall we goโฆ?
๊ทธ๋ yeah; indeed
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โฆ+๋ถํฐ โฆ+๊น์ง โfromโฆ tillโฆโ
When we want to show a starting point in time, we add the particle +๋ถํฐ to
the starting time. For the finishing time we add +๊น์ง.
Time Word+๋ถํฐ Time Word+๊น์ง
(1) A: ์ค๋ ์คํ์ ์์ ์์ด์? Do you have a class this afternoon?
B: ๋ค. ๋ ์๋ถํฐ ๋ค ์๊น์ง
ํ๊ตญ์ด ์์ ์์ด์.
Yes. Iโve a Korean class from 2
until 4.
(2) A: ์ํ ์ธ์ ์์ด์? When do you have exams?
B: ๋ด์ผ๋ถํฐ ๋ชจ๋ ๊น์ง ์์ด์. From tomorrow till the day after
tomorrow.
(3) A: ์ด์ ๋ญ ํ์ด์? What did you do yesterday?
B: ์์นจ๋ถํฐ ์ ๋ ๊น์ง
ํ๋ฃจ์ข ์ผ ํ ๋ ๋น ๋ดค์ด์.*
I watched TV all day from the
morning till the evening.
(The standard word for television is ํ ๋ ๋น์ but often in conversation
ํ ๋ ๋น or ํฐ๋น is used. ๋ดค์ด์ is the past tense form of ๋ด์.)
(4) A: ํ์ถค ๊ณต์ฐ ์ธ์ ์์ด์? When are the mask dance
performances on?
B: ๋ค์ ์ฃผ ์์์ผ๋ถํฐ
์์์ผ๊น์ง์์.
Theyโre on next week from
Monday till Wednesday.
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Task 4: Role Play
Practise the dialogue with a partner, using the timetable given below. You
may ask about classes or work.
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ Example Dialogue]
A: ์ค๋ ์คํ์ [ ์์ /์๋ฐ ] ์์ด?
B: ์/์ด.
A: ๋ช ์์ ์๋๋ฐ?
B: [ ์ธ ์ ]๋ถํฐ [ ๋ค์ฏ ์ ]๊น์ง.
1.
1 โ 2
2.
2 โ 3
3.
4 โ 5
4.
5 โ 6
5.
7 โ 11
6.
8 โ 10
7.
9 โ 12
8.
10 โ 12
Extended Role Play
Repeat the above role play, but this time ask what subject your partner is
doing as well.
A: ์ค๋ ์คํ์ [ ์์ /์๋ฐ ] ์์ด?
B: ์/์ด.
A: ๋ฌด์จ ์์ ?
B: [ ๊ฒฝ์ ํ. ]
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Task 5: Writing
It is 12 oโclock on a Thursday. Use the table of opening times below to
complete the dialogues. Write down the times in Korean. The first one is done
for you.
ํ๊ธ ํ๊ต โ 9905-2230 Sat: 9am-1pm
์ธํ์ํ โ 8432-1110 Mon-Fri: 9am-5pm; Sat.: 9am-1pm
์์ธ ์๋น โ 7823-2743 Mon.-Fri.: 12pm-9pm; Sat.-Sun: 5pm-9pm
๋์๊ด โ 6364-1336 Mon: 9am-5pm; Sat.: 9am-12pm
์ฐ์ฒด๊ตญ โ 5293-2010 Mon.-Fri: 9am-5pm; Sat.: 9am-12pm
๋ญํค ์ํผ โ 4337-2766 Mon.-Sat.:9am-9pm
์ ์ผ ์์ โ 3915-4340 Mon-Fri:9am-5pm; Sat.: 9am-12pm
ํ๊ตญ ๋น๋์ค โ 8205-9230 Mon-Sat.: 9am-7pm; Sun.: 9am-1pm
Note: โSat: 9am-1pmโ is read as โํ ์์ผ ์ค์ ์ํ์๋ถํฐ ์คํ ํ
์๊น์งโ.
1. A: ์์ธ ์๋น์ ๋๋ค. (This is Seoul Restaurant.)
B: ์ฌ๋ณด์ธ์ (Hello)?
์ค๋ (today) ๋ช ์๊น์ง (till what time) ํด์ (are you open)?
A: ์ด ๋์๋ถํฐ ์ ๋ ์ํ์ ๊น์ง์. .
B: ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค (I see). ๊ฐ์ฌํฉ๋๋ค (Thanks).
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2. A: ์ ์ผ ์์ ์ ๋๋ค.
B: ์ฌ๋ณด์ธ์? ๋ด์ผ ๋ช ์๊น์ง ํด์?
A: .
B: .
3. A: ์ธํ ์ํ์ ๋๋ค.
B: ์ฌ๋ณด์ธ์? ๋ด์ผ ๋ช ์๋ถํฐ ๋ช ์๊น์ง ํด์?
A: .
B: .
4. A: ํ๊ตญ ๋น๋์ค์ ๋๋ค.
B: ์ฌ๋ณด์ธ์?
?
A: .
B: ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค. ๊ฐ์ฌํฉ๋๋ค.
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Suggestions 2: +(์ผ)ใน๊น์? โShall weโฆ?โ
When you want to suggest doing something, add the ending +ใน๊น์?/
์๊น์?:
Verb Stem +(์ผ)ใน๊น? (Casual)
Verb Stem +(์ผ)ใน๊น์? (Polite)
Rules:
If the stem ends in a vowel: +ใน๊น(์)?
๋ง๋ + ใน๊น์? ๋ง๋ ๊น์? Shall we meet?
If the verb stem ends in a consonant: +์๊น(์)?
์ + ์๊น์? ์์๊น์? Shall we sit?
Examples
(1) A: ๊ฐ์ด ์ํ ๋ณผ๊น? Shall we see a movie together?
B: ์, ์ข์. Sounds good.
(2) A: ๋ญ ๋จน์๊น? What shall we eat?
B: ๋ถ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๋จน์. Letโs have Bulgogi.
(3) A: ์คํ์ ๋ญ ํ ๊น? What shall we do this afternoon?
B: ํ ๋์ค ์น์. Letโs play tennis.
(4) A: ์ปคํผ ๋ง์ค๊น? Shall we have a coffee?
B: ์ด๋กํ์ง?
์ฝ์ ์๋๋ฐ.
Oh, I canโt. I have something on.
(Lit. What should I do? I have an
engagement.)
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(5) A: ์ด๋ ์๋น์ ๊ฐ๊น์? Which restaurant shall we go to?
B: ์์ธ ์๋น์ ๊ฐ์. Letโs go to Seoul Restaurant.
(6) A: ๋ฌด์จ ์๋น์ ๊ฐ๊น์? What kind of restaurant shall we go to?
B: ํ๊ตญ ์๋น ์ด๋์? How about a Korean restaurant?
Refer to the verb table in the appendices.
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Task 6: Role Play
Practise making an arrangement to have a dinner with a partner. You may add
more food to the list below.
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ Example Dialogue]
A: [ ํ๊ตญ ์์ ] ์ข์ํด?
B: [ ํ๊ตญ ์์ ]?
๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ง (of course).
A: ๊ทธ๋ผ, ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ ๋ ์ [ ํ๊ตญ ์๋น ] ๊ฐ๊น?
B: ๊ทธ๋, ์ข์.
ํ๊ตญ ์์ (ํ์) Korean food
์ค๊ตญ ์์ (์ค์) Chinese food
ํ๋์ค ์์ French food
์ธ๋ ์์ Indian food
์ดํ๋ฆฌ์ ์์ Italian food
์ผ๋ณธ ์์ (์ผ์) Japanese food
๋ง๋ ์ด์์ ์์ Malaysian food
์คํ์ธ ์์ Spanish food
ํ๊ตญ/ํ์ด ์์ Thai food
๋ฒ ํธ๋จ ์์ Vietnamese food
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Task 7: Word Check
Select the odd one out in the following groups of words. The first one has
been done for you.
1. ์์์ผ ํ์์ผ ์์์ผ ์ผ์์ผโจ
2. ํ๊ตญ์ด ๋ ์ผ์ด ํ๋์ค์ด ์ญ์ฌ
3. ์๋น ์์์ ๋น๋์ค ๋ฐฑํ์
4. ์ค๋ ์ด์ ์ง๊ธ ๋ด์ผ
5. ์์ ๋์๊ด ๊ทน์ฅ ์ํ
6. ์์นจ ์ ์ฌ ์ ๋ ์ฃผ๋ง
7. ์ ์นํ ๊ฒฝ์ ํ ์ธ์ดํ ๋ํ๊ต
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Situation Dialogue 3
Paul wants Hyeonu to study with him tomorrow.
ํด: ์ค๋ ์คํ์ ์๊ฐ ์์ด?
ํ์ฐ: ์ค๋ ์คํ?
๋ฆ๊ฒ๊น์ง ์์ ์๋๋ฐ.
ํด: ๊ทธ๋ผ ๋ด์ผ์?
ํ์ฐ: ๋ด์ผ์ ๊ด์ฐฎ์.
ํด: ๊ทธ๋ผ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ด์ผ ๊ฐ์ด ๊ณต๋ถํ์.
๋ ์์ ๋์๊ด ์ด๋?
ํ์ฐ: ์ข์. ๊ทธ๋ผ ๋ด์ผ ๋ด.
Romanisation and Translation
Paul: Oneul ohue sigan isseo? You got time this afternoon?
Hyeonu: Oneul ohu?
Neutgekkaji sueop inneunde.
This afternoon?
I have a class until late.
Paul: Geureom naeireun? What about tomorrow?
Hyeonu: Naeireun gwaenchana. Tomorrowโs okay.
Paul: Geureom uri naeil gachi
gongbuhaja.
Du sie doseogwan eottae?
Then letโs study together
tomorrow.
Two oโclock at the library?
Hyeonu: Joa.
Geureom naeil bwa.
Alright. (Lit. Good.)
See ya tomorrow.
Vocabulary
์ค๋ today
์คํ์ [์คํ afternoon; p.m. +์ in] in the afternoon
์๊ฐ hours; time
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์์ด [์ have; there is +์ด(casual present tense ending)] have
๋ฆ๊ฒ๊น์ง [๋ฆ๊ฒ late +๊น์ง till] until late
์์ class
์๋๋ฐ [์ have +๋๋ฐ(soft ending)] have
๊ทธ๋ผ in that case; yeah
๋ด์ผ tomorrow
+์ topic particle
๊ด์ฐฎ์ [๊ด์ฐฎ okay +์(casual present tense ending)] okay
์ฐ๋ฆฌ we
๊ฐ์ด together
๊ณต๋ถํ์ [๊ณต๋ถํ study + ์ letโs] letโs study
๋ ์์ [๋ ์ two oโclock +์ at] at two oโclock
๋์๊ด library
์ด๋? How about โฆ?; Whatโs โฆ like?
์ข์ [์ข good; fine +์(casual present tense ending)] good; (okay)
๋ด [๋ณด see +์(casual present tense ending)] see
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Task 8: Role Play
Practise this role play with a partner.
A:
You are arranging a time to meet a friend tomorrow. First, fill in half of
the schedule below. You start the conversation.
B:
You are arranging a time to meet a friend tomorrow. First, fill in half of
the schedule below. You partner starts the conversation.
Your Schedule for Tomorrow
์ค์
6 ์ 7 ์ 8 ์ 9 ์ 10 ์ 11 ์ 12 ์
์คํ
12 ์ 1 ์ 2 ์ 3 ์ 4 ์ 5 ์ 6 ์
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ Example Dialogue]
A: ๋ด์ผ [ ๋ ] ์์ ์๊ฐ ์์ด?
B: [ ๋ ] ์? ๊ณค๋ํ๋ฐ.*
[ ์์ ์๋๋ฐ. ]
A: ๊ทธ๋ผ [ ๋ค ์ ]๋?
B: [ ๋ค ์ ]๋ ๊ด์ฐฎ์.
(*๊ณค๋ํ๋ฐ(์) means โItโs a bit difficultโ. It is a gentle way of
indicating that you cannot accept someone elseโs suggestion.
Pronunciation: kol-lan-han-de-yo.)
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Task 9: Listening
โ ๋ฌธํ (EXPONENT)
A ์์ด์? Have you got A?
๋ค, A ์์ด์. Yes I have got A.
A(the time) ์ ๊ด์ฐฎ์์? Is A(the time) o'clock O.K.?
๊ด์ฐฎ์์. It's O.K.
์ข์์. It's fine.
โ ํ์ ์ดํ (ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
์๊ฐ time ์ค๋ today ๋ด์ผ tomorrow
์ o'clock ๋ค yes Pure Korean numbers up to 12
โ You are going to hear a dialogue in which two people make an appointment to get together. Draw lines connecting people with their appointment time. Ready? Listen! 1 ์
ํ ๋ง์ค(Thomas) 2 ์ ์์ง(male)
3 ์
4 ์
์์(Susan) 5 ์ ์๋ฏธ(female)
6 ์
7 ์
ํด(Paul) 8 ์ ์ ์(female)
9 ์
10 ์
์๋ง๋ค(Amanda) 11 ์ ๋ฏผ์ญ(male)
12 ์
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Task 10: Role Play
Practise arranging to see a movie with a partner. A list of popular Korean
movies is given below.
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ Example Dialogue]
A: [ ๋ด์ผ ] ๋ฌด์จ ๊ณํ (any plan) ์์ด?
B: ์๋, ์?
A: ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์ด ์ํ ๋ณผ๊น (shall we see)?
B: ์ํ? ์ข์ง (great).
A: ๋ฌด์จ ์ํ?
B: [ movie title ] ์ด๋?
A: ์ข์. ๋ช ์์ ์ด๋์?
B: [ hour ]์ [ place ] ์์์ (in front) ์ด๋?
A: ๊ทธ๋, ๊ทธ๋ผ. [ ๋ด์ผ ] ๋ด.
Popular Korean Films
1. The Host ๊ดด๋ฌผ (2006)
2. King and the Clown ์์ ๋จ์ (2005)
3. Brotherhood ํ๊ทน๊ธฐ ํ๋ ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ (2004)
4. Haeundae ํด์ด๋ (2009)
5. Silmido ์ค๋ฏธ๋ (2003)
6. Friend ์น๊ตฌ (2001)
7. Welcome to Dongmakgol ์ฐ์ปด ํฌ ๋๋ง๊ณจ (2005)
8. May 18 ํ๋ คํ ํด๊ฐ (2007)
9. The High Rollers ํ์ง (2006)
10. The Good, The Bad, The Wierd ์ข์ ๋, ๋์ ๋, ์ด์ํ ๋ (2008)
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Task 11: Listening
โ ๋ฌธํ (EXPONENT)
A ์์ด์? Have you got A?
์๋์ค, A ์์ด์. No, I haven't got A.
A ์ด๋์? How about A?
๊ด์ฐฎ์์. It's O.K.
์ข์์. It's fine.
โ ํ์ ์ดํ (ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
์์์ผ Monday ํ์์ผ Tuesday ์์์ผ Wednesday
๋ชฉ์์ผ Thursday ๊ธ์์ผ Friday ํ ์์ผ Saturday
์ผ์์ผ Sunday ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด then ์ค๋ today
๋ด์ผ tomorrow ์๊ฐ time ๋ค yes ์๋์ค no
โ You are going to hear more dialogue on making an appointment. This
time, listen for the day and draw lines connecting people with their appointment day. Ready? Listen! ์์์ผ Monday
ํ ๋ง์ค ํ์์ผ ์์ง Tuesday
์์์ผ
์์ Wednesday
์๋ฏธ
๋ชฉ์์ผ Thursday
ํด ๊ธ์์ผ ์ ์ Friday
ํ ์์ผ
์๋ง๋ค Saturday
๋ฏผ์ญ
์ผ์์ผ Sunday
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Task 12: Word Check
Match the Korean words with their English equivalents. The first one has
been done for you.
a. ์์์ผ โ g. ํ ์์ผ m. ํ์์ผ
b. ์ผ์์ผ h. ์ด์ n. ๋ช ์
c. ๊ธ์์ผ i. ์์ o. ๋ด์ผ
d. ์ค์ j. ๋ชฉ์์ผ p. ์ค๋
e. ์ฝ์ k. ๋ช ์ q. ๋ฉฐ์น
f. ์์์ผ l. โฆ+๋ถํฐ โฆ+๊น์ง r. ์คํ
1. Monday ์์์ผ 10. afternoon
2. Tuesday 11. morning
3. Wednesday 12. today
4. Thursday 13. tomorrow
5. Friday 14. yesterday
6. Saturday 15. what month
7. Sunday 16. what day
8. appointment 17. fromโฆ tillโฆ
9. what time 18. class
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7
์ด์ ๋ญ ํ์ จ์ด์?
Unit Focus:
Talking about Past Events
o Verbs and Adjectives: Past Tense Endings
o ๋ชป โcannotโ or โdid notโ because of inability โ
unintentionally
o +๊ฑฐ๋ ์ โIt's because ...โ
o ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ and +๊ณ โandโ; โand thenโ
o Three โandsโ: +ํ๊ณ , +๊ณ and ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ
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Situation Dialogue 1
Hyeonu introduces his friend, Kim Minjun, to Paul.
ํด: ์ด, ์์ด?
ํ์ฐ: ์ค๋ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ ธ์ด?
ํด: ์๋, ๋๋ ๋ฐฉ๊ธ ์์ด.
ํ์ฐ: ์ธ์ฌํด. ๋ด ์น๊ตฌ์ผ.
์ด๋ฆ์ ๊น๋ฏผ์ค.
์ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ตํ ํ์์ผ๋ก ์์ด.
ํด: ์๋ ํ์ธ์, ํด ์ค๋ฏธ์ค์ ๋๋ค.
๋ฏผ์ค: ์๋ ํ์ธ์?
ํ์ฐํํ ์ ์๊ธฐ ๋ง์ด ๋ค์์ด์.
Romanisation and Translation
Paul: Eo, wasseo? Oh, youโre here.
Hyeonu: Orae gidaryeosseo? Been waiting long?
Paul: Ani, nado banggeum wasseo. Nup, I just got here too.
Hyeonu: Insahae.
Nae chinguya.
Ireumeun kimminjun.
Yeogi gyohwan
haksaengeuro wasseo.
You donโt know each other, do
you? (Lit. Letโs do introductions.)
This is my friend.
Nameโs Kim Minjun.
Heโs here on exchange.
Paul: Annyeonghaseyo,
Paul smithimnida.
Hello, Iโm Paul Smith.
Minjun: Annyeonghaseyo?
Hyeonuhanteseo yaegi mani
deureosseoyo.
How do you do?
I have heard a lot about you from
Hyeonu.
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Vocabulary
์ด oh; yeah
์์ด [์ค come+์์ด(casual past tense ending)] came; got here
์ค๋ a long time
๊ธฐ๋ค๋ ธ์ด [๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ wait+์์ด(casual past tense ending)] waited
์๋ nah
๋๋ [๋ I; me+๋ too] me too; I also
๋ฐฉ๊ธ a moment ago
์ธ์ฌํด [์ธ์ฌํ introduce ์ธ์ฌํด(casual present tense)]
introduce
๋ด ์น๊ตฌ my friend
+์ผ +์ผ/์ด์ผ is the casual form of +์์/์ด์์(am/are/is).
์ด๋ฆ name
์ฌ๊ธฐ here
๊ตํ ํ์์ผ๋ก [๊ตํ ํ์ exchange student +์ผ๋ก as]
as an exchange student
+์ ๋๋ค +์ ๋๋ค is the formal form of +์์/์ด์์(am/are/is).
+ํํ ์ from (a person)
์๊ธฐ story; conversation; chat (shortened form of โ์ด์ผ๊ธฐโ)
๋ง์ด a lot
๋ค์์ด์ [๋ฃ hear; listen to+์์ด์(polite past tense ending)]
heard; listened to
Note: In English we say โcome from ...โ using the present tense (์์). But in
Korean we have to use the past tense (์์ด์) since the act occurred in the
past.
์ค์คํธ๋ ์ผ๋ฆฌ์์์ ์์ด์. I come from Australia.
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Verbs and Adjectives: Past Tense Endings
Verb or Adjective Stem +์/์์ด (Casual)
Verb or Adjective Stem +์/์์ด์ (Polite)
Verb or Adjective Stem +(์ผ)์ จ์ด์ (Honorific)
1) Casual form
You have already learnt the present tense ending +์/์ด. To create a past
tense verb or adjective, simply use the past tense ending +์์ด/์์ด instead:
(Present) (Past)
+์ ์ + ใ ์ด +์์ด
+์ด ์ด + ใ ์ด +์์ด
+ํด ํด+ ใ ์ด +ํ์ด
If the last vowel of the stem is ใ (ใ ) or ใ (ใ ): +์์ด
์ด +์์ด ์ด์์ด lived
๋ง +์์ด ๋ง์์ด was/were fine (weather)
When the stem ends with the vowel ใ , only +ใ ์ด is added:
๊ฐ +ใ ์ด ๊ฐ์ด went
์ธ +ใ ์ด ์์ด was/were inexpensive
When the stem ends with the vowel ใ , it is combined with ์:
์ค +์์ด ์์ด came
When the stem ends in the vowel โใ กโ, it is dropped.
๋์ +์์ด ๋๋นด์ด was/were bad (The dropping of
โใ กโ makes ์ in ๋ใ the last
vowel.)
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If the last vowel is not ใ (ใ ) or ใ (ใ ): +์์ด
๋จน +์์ด ๋จน์์ด
์ฌ๋ฏธ์ +์์ด ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์์ด was/were interesting/funy
When the stem ends in a vowel, the vowel is usually combined with +์:
์ฃผ +์์ด ์คฌ์ด gave
ํ๋ฆฌ +์์ด ํ๋ ธ์ด was/were cloudy
When the stem ends in the vowel โใ กโ, it is dropped.
ํฌ +์์ด ์ปธ์ด was/were big
If the stem ends in ํ: ํ ํ์ด
๊ณต๋ถํ ๊ณต๋ถํ์ด studied
ํ๋ณตํ ํ๋ณตํ์ด was/were happy
If the stem ends in the consonant ใ and the last vowel is not ใ : delete
ใ +์ ์ด
์ฝ delete ใ + ์ ์ด ์ฌ์ ์ด was/were easy
If the stem ends in the consonant ใ and the last vowel is ใ : delete ใ
+์์ด
๊ณฑ delete ใ + ์์ด ๊ณ ์์ด was/were fair/pretty
2) Polite form
Polite form is constructed in the same way as casual from except that you add
์ at the end.
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์ด +์์ด ์ด์์ด +์ ์ด์์ด์
๋ง +์์ด ๋ง์์ด +์ ๋ง์์ด์
๋จน +์์ด ๋จน์์ด +์ ๋จน์์ด์
์ฌ๋ฏธ์ +์์ด ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์์ด +์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์์ด์
๊ณต๋ถํ ๊ณต๋ถํ์ด +์ ๊ณต๋ถํ์ด์
ํ๋ณตํ ํ๋ณตํ์ด +์ ํ๋ณตํ์ด์
์ฝ ์ฌ์ ์ด +์ ์ฌ์ ์ด์
๊ณฑ ๊ณ ์์ด +์ ๊ณ ์์ด์
3) Honorific form
To create the honorific past tense form, instead of the present tense form
+์ธ์/์ผ์ธ์, you add +์ จ์ด์/์ผ์ จ์ด์ to the verb stem.
If the stem ends in a vowel: +์ จ์ด์
๊ณต๋ถํ +์ จ์ด์ ๊ณต๋ถํ์ จ์ด์ studied
๋ง๋ +์ จ์ด์ ๋ง๋์ จ์ด์ met
๊ฐ +์ จ์ด์ ๊ฐ์ จ์ด์ went
์ค +์ จ์ด์ ์ค์ จ์ด์ came
๋ฐ์ +์ จ์ด์ ๋ฐ์์ จ์ด์ was busy
๋๋ํ +์ จ์ด์ ๋๋ํ์ จ์ด์ was smart
If the stem ends in a consonant except ใ : +์ผ์ จ์ด์
์ +์ผ์ จ์ด์ ์ ์ผ์ จ์ด์ put on; wore
์ฝ +์ผ์ จ์ด์ ์ฝ์ผ์ จ์ด์ read
์ฌ๋ฏธ์ +์ผ์ จ์ด์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ จ์ด์ was funy
์ข +์ผ์ จ์ด์ ์ข์ผ์ จ์ด์ was good
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If the stem ends in the consonant ใ : delete ใ +์ฐ์ จ์ด์
์๋ฆ๋ต delete ใ
+์ฐ์ จ์ด์
์๋ฆ๋ค์ฐ์ จ์ด์ was/were
beautiful
๊ท์ฝ delete ใ
+์ฐ์ จ์ด์
๊ท์ฌ์ฐ์ จ์ด์ was/were
cute
You also need to remember a special set of honorific verbs and adjectives:
๋์ธ์ ๋์ จ์ด์ took; ate; drank
์ก์์ธ์ ์ก์์ จ์ด์ ate
๊ณ์ธ์ ๊ณ์ จ์ด์ was (there)
๋ง์ํ์ธ์ ๋ง์ํ์ จ์ด์ spoke; said
์ฃผ๋ฌด์ธ์ ์ฃผ๋ฌด์ จ์ด์ slept
๋์๊ฐ์ธ์ ๋์๊ฐ์ จ์ด์ passed away
ํธ์ฐฎ์ผ์ธ์ ํธ์ฐฎ์ผ์ จ์ด์ was/were ill
Refer to the verb and adjective tables in the appendices to see the three
different forms for a range of verbs and adjectives.
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Task 1: Role Play
Form a group of three and practice introducing somebody with your group
members.
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ] A: ์ด, ์์ด?
B: ์ค๋ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ ธ์ด?
A: ์๋, ๋๋ ๋ฐฉ๊ธ ์์ด.
B: ์ธ์ฌํด. ๋ด ์น๊ตฌ์ผ. ์ด๋ฆ์ [ name ].
A: ์๋ ํ์ธ์, [ name ]์ ๋๋ค.
C: ์๋ ํ์ธ์? [ name ]ํํ ์ ์๊ธฐ ๋ง์ด ๋ค์์ด์.
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Task 2: Listening
โ ๋ฌธํ(EXPONENT)
์ด๋/์ด๋ ๋๋ผ์์ ์์ด์? Where/Which country do you come from?
A(region)์์ ์์ด์. I'm from A.
A ์ด๋์์ ์์ด์? Which area in A are you from?
โ ํ์ ์ดํ(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) ์ด๋ which ๋๋ผ country ์ด๋ where +์์ from
์์ด์ came ์ค๊ตญ China ํธ์ฃผ Australia ์๊ตญ U.K.
๋ ์ผ Germany ํ๋์ค France ์ผ๋ณธ Japan
โ You are going to hear an immigration officer asking people what country they come from. Choose the picture that shows the nationality that you hear and write the number of the dialogue in the top row of the table. Ready? Listen! ์บ ๋ฒ ๋ผ Canberra ๋ฒ ๋ฅผ ๋ฆฐ Berlin ํ ๋ฆฌ Paris
๋ฉ ๋ฒ ๋ฅธ Melbourne ํจ๋ถ๋ฅดํฌ Hamburg ๋ฃจ ์ Rouean
์ ๋ ๋ Sydney ๋ธ ๋ ๋ฉ Bremen ์ค๋ฅผ๋ ์ Orlรฉans
์ ๋ค๋ ์ด๋ Adlaide ํ ๋ ธ ๋ฒ Hanover ๋ญ ํธ Nantes
๋ธ๋ฆฌ์ฆ๋ฒ Brisbane ๋ผ์ดํ์นํ Leipzig ๋ฆฌ ์น Lyon
๋ฐ ๋ London ๋ ์ฟ Tokyo ๋ฒ ์ด ์ง Beijing
๋งจ์ฒด์คํฐManchester ์ค ์ฌ ์นด Osaka ์ ํ ์ด Shanghai
๋ฆฌ ๋ฒ ํ Liverpool ์ฟ ํ Kyoto ๊ด์ ์ฐGuangzhou
๋ฒ ๋ฐ ์ Birmingham ์๋ชจ๋ ธ์ธํคShimonoseki ๋ ์ง Nanjing
๊ธ๋์ค๊ณ Glasgow ์์ฝํ๋ง Yokohama ํ ์ผ ๋น Harbin
โ You will hear an extension of each dialogue. The immigration officer is
asking people which city in their countries they come from. Choose the city
that you hear and put a mark ' ' in the box next to it. Ready? Listen!
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Task 3: Role Play
Choose one of the activities shown below. This is what you did yesterday.
Move around the classroom and have a conversation with your classmates
about what you all did. Try to expand the conversation by asking further
questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ 1] [๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ 2]
A: ์ด์ ๋ญ ํ์ด? A: ์ด์ ๋ญ ํ์ด?
B: ๊ทธ๋ฅ ์ง์ ์์์ด. B: ์๋ด์์ ์น๊ตฌ ๋ง๋ฌ์ด.
A: ์ง์์ ๋ญ ํ๋๋ฐ? A: ๋๊ตฌ ๋ง๋ฌ๋๋ฐ?
B: ํ ๋ ๋น ๋ดค์ด. B: ๋ก๋ฒํธ.
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Task 4: Listening
โ ๋ฌธํ (EXPONENT)
๋ญ ํ์ด์? What did (you) do?
์ธ์ ํ์ด์? When did (you) do (it)?
Verb stem + ์์ด์/์์ด์ Verb+ed
Noun + ํ์ด์ did Noun
A ์(o'clock)๋ถํฐ B์ (o'clock) ๊น์ง from A o'clock to B o'clock
โ ํ์ ์ดํ (ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
์ด์ yesterday
์ธ์ when
๋ญ what
์ ๋ ์ in the evening
+ํ๊ณ with(people)
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ and
+์์ in
์ ๋ (์) ๋จน์์ด์ ate dinner
์ (์) ์ค์ด์ slept
ํ์ด์ did
์น๊ตฌ friend
์ ํ(๋ฅผ) ํ์ด์ rang
๊ทน์ฅ cinema house
์ฐ์ฑ (์) ํ์ด์ had a walk
์ฑ (์) ์ฝ์์ด์ read a book
์์ (์) ๋ค์์ด์ listened to music
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ํผ์๋ ธ(๋ฅผ) ์ณค์ด์ played piano
ํ ๋ ๋น์ (์) ๋ดค์ด์ watched television
์ํ(๋ฅผ) ๋ดค์ด์ saw a movie
โ There was a murder last night. A detective questions each member of the
victim's household about his or her activities on the night of the murder.
Listen carefully and note down each person's activities in the appropriate
spaces on the time grid. You can either use the letter which corresponds to
each activity or the underlined words as shown in the notes from the first
dialogue. Ready? Listen!
List of the Activities
a. ์ (์) ์ค์ด์. b. ์ ๋ (์) ๋จน์์ด์.
c. ํผ์๋ ธ(๋ฅผ) ์ณค์ด์. d. ํ ๋ ๋น์ (์) ๋ดค์ด์.
e. ์์ (์) ๋ค์์ด์. f. ์ฐ์ฑ (์) ํ์ด์.
g. ์ํ(๋ฅผ) ๋ดค์ด์. h. ์ฑ (์) ์ฝ์์ด์.
i. ์ ํํ์ด์.
์ด๋ฆ 7์ โ 8์ 8์ โ 9์ 9์ โ 10์ 10์โ11์ 11์ โ12์
1. ๋ฉ๋ฆฌ
Mary
b
์ ๋
c
ํผ์๋ ธ
d
ํ ๋ ๋น์
a
์
2. ํฐ
Tom
3. ํด๋ฆฌ
Harry
4. ์ ์ธ
Jane
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Situation Dialogue 2
Hyeonu and Paul talk about why they havenโt finished their assignments.
ํ์ฐ: ๋ฆฌํฌํธ ๋ค ํ์ด?
ํด: ์๋, ์์ง ๋ค ๋ชป ํ์ด. ๋?
ํ์ฐ: ๋๋. ์ด์ ๋ฆ๊ฒ๊น์ง ์น๊ตฌ ์์ผ ํํฐ์ ์์๊ฑฐ๋
๊ทผ๋ฐ ๋ ์ ๋ชป ๋๋์ด?
ํด: ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์.
๋ฉฐ์น ๊ณ์ ์ํ ์ด.
ํ์ฐ: ๊ทธ๋? ์ด์ ๊ด์ฐฎ๋?
ํด: ์. ๋ค ๋์์ด.
Romanisation and Translation
Hyeonu: Ripoteu da haesseo? Finished your assignment?
Paul: Ani, ajik da mot haesseo.
Neon?
Nup, not yet. You?
Hyeonu: Nado. Eoje neutgekkaji
chingu saengnil patie
isseotgeodeun.
Geunde neon wae mot
kkeunnaesseo?
Me neither. (Lit. Me too.) Itโs
โcause I was at a friendโs birthday
party until late last night. But why
havenโt you finished? (Lit. But
why couldnโt you finish it?)
Paul: Gamgi ttaemune.
Myeochil gyesok apasseo.
Itโs โcause of my cold.
Iโve been sick for several days.
Hyeonu: Geurae?
Ije gwaenchannya?
Yeah?
You OK now?
Paul: Eung. Da naasseo. Yeah. Iโm fine now.
(Lit. Iโve gotten all better.)
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Vocabulary
๋ฆฌํฌํธ assignment; essay; report (often pronounced as ๋ ํฌํธ)
๋ค all; in total
์๋ nah
์์ง yet; still
๋ชป ํ์ด [๋ชป unable ํ์ด(past tense form of ํโdoโ)] couldnโt do
๋ [๋ you+ใด(topic particle)] you
๋๋ [๋ I; me+๋ too] me too; I also
์ด์ yesterday
๋ฆ๊ฒ๊น์ง [๋ฆ๊ฒ late+๊น์ง till] until late
์น๊ตฌ friend
์์ผ ํํฐ birthday party
์์๊ฑฐ๋ [์ have/there is+์ past tense infix +๊ฑฐ๋ Itโs becauseโฆ]
โcause I wasโฆ
๊ทผ๋ฐ but; by the way
์ why
๋๋์ด [๋๋ด finish+์์ด(casual past tense ending)] finished
๊ฐ๊ธฐ a cold
๋๋ฌธ์ because of
๋ฉฐ์น [๋ช several +์ผ day(s)] several days
๊ณ์ continuously
์ํ ์ด. [์ํ sick+์์ด(casual past tense ending)]was sick
๊ทธ๋? Really? (Lit. Is that so?)
์ด์ now
๊ด์ฐฎ๋? [๊ด์ฐฎ okay +๋(very casual ending often used among
boys)] Is it okay?
์ yeah
๋์์ด [๋ซ recover+์์ด(casual past tense ending)] got better
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๋ชป โcannotโ or โdid notโ because of inability โ
unintentionally
You have already seen how you create a negative sentence by using the
negative word ์, e.g. ์ ๋ ์ ๊ฐ์ด์ (I didnโt go). If you change ์ to ๋ชป,
the sentence becomes ์ ๋ ๋ชป ๊ฐ์ด์ (I couldnโt go).
Examples:
(1) ์์ง์์ ํํฐ๋ฅผ ํ์ด์. There was a party next door.
๊ทธ๋์ ์ด์ ๋ฐค์
์ ์ ์ ๋ชป ์ค์ด์.
So I couldnโt sleep well
last night.
(2) ์ ๋ด์ผ ์์ ์ ๋ชป ์์. I canโt come to class tomorrow.
๋ด์ผ ๋ฉด์ ์ํ ์์ด์. I have a job interview.
(3) ์ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์ด์ Iโve got a cold.
๊ทธ๋์ ๋ด์ผ ๋ชป ๋ง๋์.* So I canโt meet you tomorrow.
(*๋ชป ๋ง๋์ is pronounced mon-man-na-yo.)
(4) ์ํ์ ์ ๋ชป ๋ดค์ด์.2 I didnโt do well in the exam.
๊ทธ๋์ ๊ธฐ๋ถ์ด ๋ณ๋ก ์ ์ข์์. So I donโt feel too good.
(*In English we use the word โdidnโtโ rather than the word โcouldnโtโ.
But in Korean, if there is some external reason why you did not do
something, you always use the negative word ๋ชป. When you use ์, it
implies that you intentionally chose not to do something. Thus, ๋ชป is
used far more often than โcan notโ is used in English.)
(5) A: ์ด์ ๊ณต๋ถํ์ด์? A: Did you study yesterday?
B: ์ ๋ ์ ๊ฐ์๊ธฐ
์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์ฐพ์ ์์ด์.
๊ทธ๋์, ๋ชป ํ์ด์.*
My friend unexpectedly came
over to look for me yesterday
evening. So I couldnโt.
(๋ชป ํ์ด์ is pronounced mo-tโaess-o*-yo.)
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Task 5: Grammar Check
Fill in the blank with negative particles ์ or ๋ชป. The first one has been done
for you.
1. ์ค๋์ ์ผ์์ผ์ด์์. ๊ทธ๋์ (therefore) ํ๊ต์ ์ . ๊ฐ์.
2. ํฌ๋ ์ ์ข์ํด์. ๊ทธ๋์ ________ ๋จน์ด์.
3. ๋ ์ฝฉ ์๋ ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์์ด์ (have a peanut allergy).
๊ทธ๋์ ๋ ์ฝฉ ๋ฒํฐ ________ ๋จน์ด์.
4. ์ปดํจํฐ ์ฌ๊ณ ์ถ์ด์ (want to buy).
๊ทธ๋ฐ๋ฐ (but) ๋ (money) ์์ด์. ๊ทธ๋์ ________ ์ฌ์.
5. ์ง๊ธ ๋ฐฐ ์ํ์ (I have a stomach ache). ๊ทธ๋์ ์ ๋ ๋ฐฅ ______ ๋จน์ด์.
6. ์๋ฏธ๋ ๋ ธ๋ ์ํด์ (sings well).
๊ทธ๋ฐ๋ฐ ๋ ์ ______ ํด์.
7. ์์ด์คํฌ๋ฆผ ์ข์ํด์. ํ์ง๋ง (but) ์ด์ฝ๋ฆฟ์ ______ ์ข์ํด์.
8. ํธ๋ํฐ์ด ์์ด์.
๊ทธ๋์ ์ง๊ธ ๋ฌธ์ ______ ๋ณด๋ด์ (send a text message/SMS).
9. A: ๋ ์ค๋ ์์ ______ ํด.
B: ์ด. ์์ ์์ด.
10. A: ์๋ฏธํํ ์ ํํ์ด?
B: ์ด, ํ์ด. ๊ทผ๋ฐ ์ ํ ______ ๋ฐ์ (not answering the telephone).
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+๊ฑฐ๋ ์ โIt's because ...โ
Verb or Adjective Stem +๊ฑฐ๋ ์ (Present)
Verb or Adjective Stem +์/์๊ฑฐ๋ ์ (Past)
You use โVerb or Adjective Stem + ๊ฑฐ๋ ์โ when you are providing a
rationale for something that has already been referred to previously in the
conversation. In this case its equivalent meaning in English is โit's because..."
though very often this would just be omitted because it is not necessary to
overtly express the causal relationship in English. The +๊ฑฐ๋ ์ ending is
very commonly used in everyday conversation. It is a soft ending which helps
to affirm a friendly feeling between the people talking. As you can see from
the following examples, usually in English there is no need to translate it into
equivalent words. The past tense form is +์/์๊ฑฐ๋ ์.
(1) A: ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ๋ฐ์์ จ์ด์? You've been very busy?
B: ๋ค, ์๋ฅด๋ฐ์ดํธ๋ฅผ ๋ ๊ฐ๋
ํ๊ฑฐ๋ ์.
Yes, (it's because) I've been
doing two part-time jobs.
(2) A: ์ด๋ ๊ฐ์ธ์? Where are you going?
B: ๋์๊ด์ ๊ฐ์.
๋ด์ผ ์ํ์ด ์๊ฑฐ๋ ์.
I'm going to the library.
I've got an exam tomorrow.
(3) A: ์๋๋์๋ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ์ค์ จ์ด์? What are you doing in Sydney?
(Lit. What's brought you to
Sydney?)
B: ํ์ฌ์์ ์ถ์ฅ ๋์์ต๋๋ค.
์ ํฌ ์ง์ฌ๊ฐ ์ฌ๊ธฐ ์๊ฑฐ๋ ์.
Iโm here on business. Our
company has a branch office
here.
Refer to the verb and adjective table in the appendices.
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Task 6: Role Play
Practise this role play with a partner. Take turns asking each other โ๋ฆฌํฌํธ
๋๋์ด?โ and coming up with excuses why you couldnโt do it. Write your and
your partnerโs excuses in the table below.
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ]
A: ๋ฆฌํฌํธ ๋๋์ด?
B: ์์ง ๋ค ๋ชป ํ์ด. [ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๊ฑฐ๋ ].
Excuse English
1. I had (part-time) work.
2. I slept.
3. I was sick.
4. I had a car accident.
5. My computer crashed.
6. It was too hard.
7. I had too much to drink.
8. Iโve been too busy.
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Situation Dialogue 3
Minseoโs mum asks whether she has already eaten when she comes home.
์๋ง: ์๊น ์คํ์ ์ ํํ์๋๋ฐ.
๋ฏผ์: ๊ทธ๋?
๊ทธ๋ ๋์๊ด์์ ๊ณต๋ถํ๊ณ ์์์ด.
์๋ง: ์ ๋ ๋จน์์ด?
๋ฏผ์: ์.
์๋ง: ํผ์ ๋จน์์ด?
๋ฏผ์: ์๋, ์น๊ตฌํ๊ณ .
์๋ง: ์น๊ตฌ ๋๊ตฌ? ๋จ์์น๊ตฌ?
๋ฏผ์: ์๋ง! ์๋์ผ. ์๋ฏธํ๊ณ ๋จน์์ด.
Romanisation and Translation
Mum: Akka ohue
jeonhwahaesseonneunde.
I called you this afternoon.
Minseo: Geurae? Geuttae doseogwaneseo
gongbuhago isseosseo.
Yeah? I was studying in the
library.
Mum: Jeonyeok meogeosseo? Had dinner?
Minseo: Eung. Yeah.
Mum: Honja meogeosseo? โD you eat alone?
Minseo: Ani, chinguhago. Nah, with a friend.
Mum: Chingu nugu? Namjachingu? What friend? A boy?
Minseo: Eomma! Aniya.
Yeongmihago meogeosseo.
Mum! No!
I ate with Yeongmi.
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Vocabulary
์๊น a little while ago
์คํ์ [์คํ afternoon+์(time particle)] in the afternoon
์ ํํ์๋๋ฐ [์ ํํ ring์ ํํ+์(past tense infix)+๋๋ฐ]
called...
(When Minseoโs mother tells Minseo she called this
afternoon, she uses the verb ending ์ ํํ์๋๋ฐ.
This places an emphasis on her action. If she had just
said ์ ํํ๋๋ฐ, it would describe what she did but
with a nuance indicating that it was no big deal.)
๊ทธ๋? Really? (Is that so?)
๊ทธ๋ that time
๋์๊ด์์ [๋์๊ด library+์์(location particle)] in the
library
๊ณต๋ถํ๊ณ ์์์ด [๊ณต๋ถํ study + ๊ณ ์์์ด(past progressive tense)]
was studying
์ ๋ dinner
๋จน์์ด [๋จน eat+์์ด(casual past tense ending)] ate
์ yeah
ํผ์ alone
์๋ nah
์น๊ตฌํ๊ณ [์น๊ตฌ friend +ํ๊ณ with] with a friend
๋๊ตฌ who
๋จ์์น๊ตฌ boyfriend
์๋ง mum
์๋์ผ. nah
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+ํ๊ณ and; with
(When the phrase +ํ๊ณ (๊ฐ์ด) is attached to a person, it means
โ(together) withโ. You can omit ๊ฐ์ด and it means much the
same thing.
A: ์ด๋ ์ด์์? Where do you live?
B: ์ ์ฌ๋์ ์ด์์. I live in Shinsa-dong.
A: ํผ์ ์ด์์? Do you live on your own?
B: ์๋์, ํ๊ตญ ์น๊ตฌํ๊ณ No, I live with a Korean friend.
๊ฐ์ด ์ด์์. )
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ and +๊ณ โandโ; โand thenโ
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ can be used to connect two sentences. It is placed at the beginning of
the second sentence and operates like the English โandโ or โand thenโ:
(1) ์๋ฏธ๋ ์์ ๋ค์ด์.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ฒ ๋ฏผ์ด๋ ์ฑ ์ฝ์ด์.*
Sumi is listening to music.
And Cheolmin is reading a book.
(*In colloquial speech, it is common to add ์ด when a personโs first
name ends in a consonant: ์ฒ ๋ฏผ+์ด. This should not be done with
seniors or in formal situations. )
(2) ์๋ฏธ๋ ์ ๋ ๋จน์์ด์.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ค์ ๋๊ฐ์ด์.
Sumi ate her dinner.
And then she went out again.
The sentences can describe two independent actions as in the first example, or
two actions in a time sequence as in the second example. Note that when the
subjects of the two sentences are different, you use the particle +์/๋ since
you are contrasting them as in (1).
As in English, you can also combine these sentences and make them into one.
To do this, instead of using ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , you add the ending +๊ณ to the first verb:
(3) ์๋ฏธ๋ ์์ ๋ฃ๊ณ *
์ฒ ๋ฏผ์ด๋ ์ฑ ์ฝ์ด์.
Sumiโs listening to music and
Cheolminโs reading a book.
(The verb ๋ค์ด์ in (1) is irregular, with the stem ๋ฃ.)
(4) ์๋ฏธ๋ ์ ๋ ๋จน๊ณ
๋ค์ ๋๊ฐ์ด์.
Sumi ate her dinner and
went out again.
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Even though the two sentences in (4) are past tense, when we join them with
+๊ณ , we donโt use the past tense form in the first clause, but only in the final
clause. The ending +๊ณ carries the grammatical function of past tense from
the final verb to the first verb, so it is just added to the verb stem.
(5) ์ ์๋น์ ์ธ๊ณ
์์์ด ๋ง์์ด์
That restaurant is cheap and
the food is delicious.
As you can see from example (5), you can also use +๊ณ to link clauses that
end in an adjective, and the rule is exactly the same as for verbs.
More examples:
(6) ์ ๋ ํผ์๋ ธ ์น๊ณ
์ ์ฌ๋์์ ๋ ธ๋ ๋ถ๋ ์ด์.
I played the piano and
my younger sister sang.
(7) ์ ๋ ์ด์ ์ง์์ ํ ๋ ๋น์ ๋ณด๊ณ
๊ณต๋ถํ์ด์.
Yesterday I watched TV at home
and then I studied.
(8) ์ด์ ์น๊ตฌ ๋ง๋๊ณ
์ฌ์ฏ ์์ฏค ์ง์ ์์ด์
I met a friend and then
I came home about 6 oโclock.
(9) ์ ๋ ๋จน๊ณ
์ง์ ์์ด์
I came back home
after eating dinner.
(This structure can also be used to emphasise that you did not just do the
second action, but did something first. For example, a mother might ask
her son โHave you had dinner?โ upon his arrival at home in the evening,
to which he could reply โ๋จน๊ณ ์์ด์.โ to emphasise that he ate before
coming home.)
Refer to the verb and adjective table in the appendices.
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Three โandsโ: +ํ๊ณ , +๊ณ and ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ
1) +ํ๊ณ is a particle used to join nouns together:
์ฌ๊ณผํ๊ณ ์ค๋ ์ง
๋ฏผ์ํ๊ณ ์งํ
2) +๊ณ is an ending used to join verbs or adjectives:
ํ ๋ ๋น์ ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ณต๋ถํด์.
์๋ดํ๊ณ ์๋ป์. (petite and pretty)
3) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ is a transitional word used to connect two sentences:
์ ๋ ์ ๋จน์์ด์. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ค์ ๋๊ฐ์ด์.
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Task 7: Role Play
Choose two of the activities shown below. This is what you did yesterday.
Move around the classroom having conversations with your classmates to
find out what they did yesterday and to tell them what you did.
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ]
A: ์ด์ ๋ญ ํ์ด?
B: (์ง์์) ์ฑ ์ฝ๊ณ ํ ๋ ๋น์ ๋ดค์ด. ๋?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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Task 8: Reading
Read and translate this letter Michael wrote to his teacher after he arrived in
Korea.
๊น๊ต์๋๊ป
์๋ ํ์ธ์,
์ ๋ ์ง๋ ์ฃผ ํ ์์ผ์ ์์ธ์ ๋์ฐฉํ์ด์.
์ค๋๋ถํฐ ํ๊ตญ์ด ๊ณต๋ถ ์์ํ์ด์.
9 ์๋ถํฐ 1 ์๊น์ง ํ๊ต์์ ๊ณต๋ถํ์ด์.
์์ฃผ ํ๋ค์์ด์. ๋ค ์๊ฐ ๋์ ํ๊ตญ๋ง ํ๊ฑฐ๋ ์!
์คํ์ ์คํฐ๋ธ์ ๋ง๋ฌ์ด์.
๊ทธ๋ฐ๋ฐ ์คํฐ๋ธ ํ๊ตญ์ด ์์ฒญ ์ํด์! ๋ถ๋ฌ์์.
ํ์ง๋ง ์คํฐ๋ธํ๊ณ ์์ด๋ก ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ์ด์.
์ ๊ฐ ๋๋ฌด ํผ๊ณคํ๊ฑฐ๋ ์.
์คํฐ๋ธํ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ์ ๋ ๋จน๊ณ 10 ์์ฏค์ ๊ธฐ์์ฌ์ ์์ด์.
........
๋ด์ผ๋ 9 ์๋ถํฐ 1 ์๊น์ง ์์ ์์ด์.
๊ทธ๋ผ ์๋ ํ ๊ณ์ธ์.
2008 ๋ 9 ์ 10 ์ผ
๋ง์ดํด ์ฌ๋ฆผ
Vocabulary
๊น๊ต์๋๊ป [๊น Kim ๊ต์ professor ๋ sir+๊ป to (honorific)]
Dear Professor Kim (The casual version of +๊ป is +์๊ฒ.)
์ ๋ [์ I(humble)+๋(topic particle)] I
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์ง๋ ์ฃผ [์ง๋ past ์ฃผ week] last week
ํ ์์ผ์ [ํ ์์ผ Saturday+์(time particle)] on Saturday
๋์ฐฉํ์ด์ [๋์ฐฉํ arrive๋์ฐฉํ์ด์(past tense form)] arrived
์ค๋๋ถํฐ [์ค๋ today+๋ถํฐ from] from today on
์์ํ์ด์ [์์ํ started ์์ํ์ด์(past tense form)] began
+๋ถํฐ +๊น์ง fromโฆ tillโฆ
๊ณต๋ถํ์ด์ [๊ณต๋ถํ study๊ณต๋ถํ์ด์(past tense form)]
์์ฃผ very
ํ๋ค์์ด์ [ ํ๋ค difficult+์์ด์(past tense ending)] was difficult
๋ค ์๊ฐ ๋์ [๋ค ์๊ฐ four hours ๋์ for] for four hours
ํ๊ตญ๋ง [ํ๊ตญ Korea ๋ง spoken language] Korean
ํ๊ฑฐ๋ ์ [ํ doํ(past tense form)+๊ฑฐ๋ ์ itโs because]
์คํ์ [์คํ afternoon+์(time particle)] in the afternoon
+์ +์/๋ฅผ: object particle
๋ง๋ฌ์ด์ [๋ง๋ meet+์์ด์(past tense ending)] met
์์ฒญ ์ํด์ [์์ฒญ terrific ์ํด์ good at] awesome at โฆ
๋ถ๋ฌ์์ [๋ถ๋ฝ envious๋ถ๋ฌ+์์(present tense ending)] envious
์์ด๋ก [์์ด English+๋ก in] in English
์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ์ด์ [์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ speak์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ์ด์(past tense form)] spoke
์ ๊ฐ [์ I(humble)+๊ฐ(subject particle)] I
๋๋ฌด too (much)
ํผ๊ณคํ๊ฑฐ๋ ์ [ํผ๊ณคํ tiredํผ๊ณคํ(past tense form)+๊ฑฐ๋ ์ itโs
because] it was because โฆ was tired
๋จน๊ณ [๋จน eat+๊ณ and]
10 ์ ์ฏค์ [10 ์ ten oโclock ์ฏค around+์ at] at around 10
๊ธฐ์์ฌ dormitory; halls of residence
์ฌ๋ฆผ Yours Sincerely
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Task 9: Reading & Writing
Read the following text and write about your holidays.
๋์ ๋ฐฉํ
๋ฐฉํ์ ์น๊ตฌํ๊ณ ๊ทน์ฅ์์ ์ํ ๋ดค์ด์. ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์์ด์.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ํ๊ตญ ์น๊ตฌ๋คํ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ๋์๊ด์์ ๊ณต๋ถํ์ด์.
๋งค์ผ ์ง์์ ํ๊ตญ ๋๋ผ๋ง ๋ดค์ด์. ๋๋ Rain ์์ฃผ ์ข์ํด์.
๊ทธ๋์ โํ ํ์ฐ์คโํ๊ณ โ์ด ์ฃฝ์ผ ๋์ ์ฌ๋โ ๋ดค์ด์.
๋๋ ๋จ์ ์น๊ตฌ ์์ด์. ๊ทธ๋์ ๋ฐ๋ ํ์ธ ๋ฐ์ด(Valentineโs Day)์
์ด์ฝ๋ฆฟ ์ ์์ด์. ์น๊ตฌ๋ ์๋ด์ ๊ฐ์ โRainy dayโ ์์ด์.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋งค์ผ ์ ๋ง์ด ์ค์ด์. ์๋ฒฝ ์ธ ์์ฏค๋ถํฐ ์ค์ ์ด๋ ์๊น์ง
์ ์ค์ด์. ์์ฃผ ํ๋ณตํ์ด์!
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UNIT 7 ์ด์ ๋ญ ํ์ จ์ด์?
223
Vocabulary
๋์ [๋ I+์(possessive particle)] my
๋ฐฉํ school/uni holiday
๊ทน์ฅ์์ [๊ทน์ฅ cinema+์์(location particle)] in a cinema
์น๊ตฌ๋ค [์น๊ตฌ friend ๋ค] friends
๋ดค์ด์ [๋ณด see+์์ด์(past tense ending)] saw
์ฌ๋ฏธ์์์ด์ [์ฌ๋ฏธ์ good+์์ด์(past tense ending)] was good
๋งค์ผ every day
+ํ๊ณ and; with
์์ด์ [์ not have/there is not+์ด์(present tense ending)]
do not have
์์ด์ [์ฌ buy+์์ด์(past tense ending)] bought
์น๊ตฌ๋ [์น๊ตฌ friend+๋ with] with a friend
๊ฐ์ [๊ฐ go+์ and (does something there)] went and
์ ์ค์ด์ [์ ์ sleep+์์ด์(past tense ending)] slept
๋ง์ด a lot
์๋ฒฝ very early morning (usually1am till 6 am)
ํ๋ณตํ์ด์ [ํ๋ณตํ happyํ๋ณตํ์ด์(past tense form)] was happy
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UNIT 7 ์ด์ ๋ญ ํ์ จ์ด์?
224
Task 10: Word Check
Write down the Korean words next to their English equivalents. The first one
is done for you.
a. ์ด์ โ j. ์ ์ค์ด์
b. ์ธ์ k. ์ฐ์ฑ ํ์ด์
c. ์์นจ์/์ค์ ์ l. ํ ๋ ๋น์ ๋ดค์ด์
d. ๋ฎ์/์คํ์ m. ๊ณต๋ถํ์ด์
e. ์ ๋ ์ n. ์ฑ ์ฝ์์ด์
f. ๋ฐค์ o. ์์ ๋ค์์ด์
g. ์ ๋ ๋จน์์ด์ p. ์ ํํ์ด์
h. ์ฐจ ๋ง์ จ์ด์. q. ์ํ ๋ดค์ด์
i. ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์์ด์ r. ํผ์๋ ธ ์ณค์ด์
1. yesterday ์ด์ 10. when
2. in the morning
11. in the afternoon
3. in the evening
12. at night
4. ate dinner 13. studied
5. drank tea 14. went for a walk
6. listened to music
15. played piano
7. rang 16. read a book
8. saw a movie
17. slept
9. was interesting
18. watched television
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8
๋น๋น๋ฐฅ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์
Unit Focus:
Ordering in a Cafรฉ or Restaurant
o Asking for Something in a Shop
o +(์ผ)ใน๋์ โI wantโฆโ; โI willโฆโ
o Counting Nouns
o Pure Korean Numbers
o Noun +ํ๊ณ , +(์ด)๋ and +์/๊ณผ โandโ
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UNIT 8 ๋น๋น๋ฐฅ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์ 226
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UNIT 8 ๋น๋น๋ฐฅ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์ 227
Situation Dialogue 1
Hyeonu is very thirsty and looking for a cold beer.
๋ฏผ์ค: ์์ด?
ํ์ฐ: ์. ๋ ์จ๊ฐ ๊ฝค ๋ฅ๋ค.
์, ๋ชฉ ๋ง๋ผ.
๋ฏผ์ค: ๋ฌผ ๋ง์ .
ํ์ฐ: ๋ฌผ ๋ง๊ณ ์์ํ ๋งฅ์ฃผ ์๋?
๋ฏผ์ค: ๋งฅ์ฃผ? ์์ด.
๊ทธ๋ฅ ๋ฌผ ๋ง์ .
ํ์ฐ: ์~ ๋งฅ์ฃผ๊ฐ ๋ ์ข์๋ฐ.
ํ ์ ์์ง ๋ญ.
Romanisation and Translation
Minjun: Wasseo? Youโre here.
Hyeonu: Eung. Nalssiga kkwae deomne.
A, mok malla.
Yeah. Itโs much hotter than I
thought itโd be. Gee, Iโm thirsty.
Minjun: Mul masyeo. Have some water.
Hyeonu: Mul malgo siwonhan maekju
eomnya?
Do you (Lit. Do you not) have
some cold beer instead of
water?
Minjun: Maekju? Eopseo. Beer? Nope.
(Lit. Thereโs isnโt any.)
Geunyang mul masyeo. Just have water.
Hyeonu: A~ maekjuga deo joeunde.
Hal su eopji mwo.
Hey! Beer would be better.
Oh well, canโt do anything
about itโฆ
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UNIT 8 ๋น๋น๋ฐฅ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์ 228
Vocabulary
์์ด? [์ค come+์์ด(casual past tense ending)]came; got here
๋ ์จ weather
๊ฝค considerably; quite; surprisingly
๋ฅ๋ค [๋ฅ hot +๋ค (emphatic ending)] hot
์ ah; oh; hey etc.
๋ชฉ ๋ง๋ผ [๋ชฉ throat ๋ง๋ฅด dry+์(casual present tense ending)]
thirsty (Lit. throat is dry)
๋ฌผ water
๋ง์ [๋ง์ drink+์ด(casual present tense ending)] drink
๋ง๊ณ instead of
์์ํ [์์ํ cool+ใด(noun modifying adjective ending)]
cool; refreshing; cold
๋งฅ์ฃผ beer
์๋? [์ not have; there isnโt+๋?(casual present tense question
ending)] Is there notโฆ?; Do you not haveโฆ?
์์ด [์ not have; there isnโt+์ด(casual present tense ending)]
There isnโt.; I donโt have
๊ทธ๋ฅ just; simply
๋ more; (also forms comparatives like the English โer
ending)
์ข์๋ฐ [์ข good +์๋ฐ (soft sentence ending/but)]
ํ ์ ์์ง ๋ญ. oh well, can't do anything about it
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UNIT 8 ๋น๋น๋ฐฅ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์ 229
Asking for Something in a Shop
When we are asking for something in a shop, we say:
A: [ noun ] ์์ด์? Do you have any [ noun ]?
The reply will be either:
B: ๋ค, ์์ด์.
or
B: ์๋์, ์์ด์.
Yes, we do.
No, we donโt.
Examples:
(1) A: ํฌ๋ ์์ด์? Do you have any grapes?
B: ๋ค, ์์ด์. Yes, we do.
(2) A: ์ธ์ผ์ฐจ ์์ด์? Do you have ginseng tea?
B: ์๋์, ์์ด์ No, we donโt.
(3) A: ์ง๋ฌธ ์์ด์? Do you have a question?
B: ์๋์, ์์ด์. No, I donโt.
(4) A: ์ค๋ ์๊ฐ ์์ด์? Do you have (some free) time today?
B: ์์? Why?
(5) A: ๋จ์ ์น๊ตฌ ์์ด์? Do you have a boyfriend?
B: ์๋์, ์์ด์. No, I donโt.
You can see from the latter examples that this phrase has a wide application -
not just asking for things in shops.
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UNIT 8 ๋น๋น๋ฐฅ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์ 230
Task 1: Role Play
Form a group. One student will play Role A, the borrower. The others in the
group will be neighbours. Rotate the roles so that everyone has a turn at
borrowing.
A: You are cooking for a party and find out that youโve forgotten to buy the
items below. Ask each of your neighbours in turn if they have what you
need, until you have borrowed all of the items.
B: Divide up the six items below with your fellow neighbours. This is all
that you have to lend.
1. ์น์ฆ
2. ์ฐ์
3. ์ปคํผ
4. ๋น๊ทผ
5. ๋ฐฐ์ถ
6. ํฌ๋
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ]
A: [ ์ฐ์ ] ์์ด์?
B: ๋ค, ์์ด์. / ์๋๋ฐ์.
(When B replies that s/he doesnโt have the item, s/he uses the term
์๋๋ฐ์. Although the meaning is the same as ์์ด์, the ending is
softer and more polite. Pronunciation: eom-neun-de-yo.)
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UNIT 8 ๋น๋น๋ฐฅ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์ 231
Task 2: Writing
Answer the questions about what is in the refrigerator according to the
picture. The first two have been done for you.
1. A: ์ค๋ ์ง ์์ด์?
B: ๋ค, ์์ด์.
2. A: ๋ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์์ด์?
B: ์๋๋ฐ์.
3. A: ๋ฒ์ฏ์์?
B:
4. A: ๋ฐฐ์ถ๋์?
B:
5. A: ๋ฌ๊ฑ์์?
B:
6. A: ์๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋์?
B:
7. A: ์์ ์์ด์?
B:
8. A: ์ฌ๊ณผ ์์ด์?
B:
9. A: ๋นต์์?
B:
10. A: ๊ฐ์๋์?
B:
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UNIT 8 ๋น๋น๋ฐฅ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์ 232
Task 3: Listening
โ ๋ฌธํ (EXPONENT)
A(things) ์์ด์? Have we got A?
(A) ์์ด์/์์ด์. We have/haven't got A.
โ ํ์ ์ดํ (ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
๋ค yes ์๋์ค no ์ฌ๊ณผ apple
์ค๋ ์ง orange ๊ฐ์ potato ๋ฒ์ฏ mushroom
์์ fish ๊ฒ crab ๋น๊ทผ carrot
์ฅ์์ corn ํฌ๋ grape ์ฝ๋ผ coke
๋งฅ์ฃผ beer ์ฐ์ milk ์น์ฆ cheese
๋นต bread ์ผ์ต cake ๋ฌ๊ฑ egg
๋ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ chicken ์๊ณ ๊ธฐ beef ๋ฐฐ์ถ Korean cabbage
์ค๋ ์ง ์ฃผ์ค orange juice
โ You will hear Susan ask ์๋ฏธ whether or not the following items are in the
fridge. However, ์๋ฏธ is quite playful. She does not always tell the truth.
Mark โโโ TRUE or FALSE according to whether or not she tells the truth.
Ready? Listen!
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UNIT 8 ๋น๋น๋ฐฅ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์ 233
์ฐธ (TRUE) ๊ฑฐ์ง (FALSE)
1. โก โก 2. โก โก 3. โก โก 4. โก โก 5. โก โก 6. โก โก 7. โก โก 8. โก โก 9. โก โก 10. โก โก 11. โก โก 12. โก โก 13. โก โก 14. โก โก 15. โก โก 16. โก โก 17. โก โก 18. โก โก 19. โก โก 20. โก โก
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UNIT 8 ๋น๋น๋ฐฅ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์ 235
Situation Dialogue 2
Minseo and Jihun are at a coffee shop and Minseo wants to have Patbingsu.
์งํ: ๋ญ ๋ง์ค๋?
๋ฏผ์: ์์ด์ค ์ปคํผ. ์๋, ํฅ๋น์ ๋จน์๋.
์งํ: ํฅ๋น์?
(Jihun tries to get the attention of a waiter.)
์งํ: ์ฌ๊ธฐ์!
(The waiter comes over.)
์งํ: ํฅ๋น์ ๋ผ์?
์ข ์ ์: ์ ์๋ง์.
(The waiter comes back.)
์ข ์ ์: ์ฃ์กํฉ๋๋ค, ์๋.
์ค๋์ ํฅ๋น์๊ฐ ์ ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
๋ฏผ์: ์... ๊ทธ๋ผ ์์ด์ค ์ปคํผ ์ฃผ์ธ์.
์งํ: ์ ๋ ๊ฐ์ ๊ฑธ๋ก ์ฃผ์ธ์.
์ข ์ ์: ์์ด์ค ์ปคํผ ๋ ์์ด์. ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค.
Romanisation and Translation
Jihun: Mwo masillae? Whatcha wanna drink?
Minseo: Aiseu keopi.
Ani, patbingsu meogeullae.
Iced coffee.
No wait, I want patbingsu.
Jihun: Patbingsu? Patbingsu?
Jihun: Yeogiyo! Excuse me. (Lit. Over here!)
Jihun: Patbingsu dwaeyo? Do you have patbingsu?
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UNIT 8 ๋น๋น๋ฐฅ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์ 236
Staff: Jamsimanyo. I shall check. (Lit. One moment.)
Staff: Joesonghamnida, sonnim.
Oneureun patbingsuga an
doemnida.
Iโm sorry. (Lit. Iโm sorry,
customer.)
There is no patbingsu today.
Minseo: Eum... Geureom aiseu keopi
juseyo.
UmโฆThen can I have an iced
coffee, please?
Jihun: Jeodo gateun geollo juseyo. The same for me, please.
Staff: Aiseu keopi du janiyo.
Algetseumnida.
Certainly, (Lit. I understand) two
iced coffees.
Vocabulary
๋ญ what
๋ง์ค๋ [๋ง์ drink+ใน๋ will] will drink
์์ด์ค ์ปคํผ ice coffee
๋จน์๋ [๋จน eat+์๋ will] will eat
์๋ nah; nup; no
ํฅ๋น์ A bowl of fruit, ice cream, crushed ice and red beans
์ฌ๊ธฐ์ [์ฌ๊ธฐ here +์ (polite particle)] over here
๋ผ์? [๋+์ด์(casual present tense ending)] Is ... available?
์ ์๋ง์ [์ ์๋ง just a moment+์(polite particle)]
Just a moment, please
์ฃ์กํฉ๋๋ค [์ฃ์กํ sorry+ใ ๋๋ค(formal present tense ending)]
Iโm sorry. (Lit. I regret it.)
์๋ customer; guest
์ค๋์ [์ค๋ today+์(topic particle)] today
์ ๋ฉ๋๋ค [์ negative word ๋+ใ ๋๋ค(formal present tense ending)]
is not okay; cannot; not available
๊ทธ๋ผ well then; in that case
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UNIT 8 ๋น๋น๋ฐฅ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์ 237
์ฃผ์ธ์ [์ฃผ give+์ธ์(very polite present tense ending)] (please)
give
์ ๋ [์ I(humble)+๋ too] me too; I also
๊ฐ์ ๊ฑธ๋ก [๊ฐ์ the same + ๊ฑธ thing +๋ก(particle)] same one
๋ ์ two cups
+์ด์ polite particle โ+(์ด)์โ
์๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค Okay. (Lit. I understand.)
Note: When speaking English, it is very common to add โthank youโ or
โthanksโ when making an order. The Korean equivalents are reserved for
when we want to express gratitude for something, and are not used when
ordering from a waiter or shop assistant.
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UNIT 8 ๋น๋น๋ฐฅ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์ 238
+(์ผ)ใน๋์ โI want toโฆโ; โI willโฆโ
When we express a desire to do something, we can use:
Verb Stem +ใน๋/์๋ (Casual)
Verb Stem +ใน๋์/์๋์ (Polite)
When ascertaining anotherโs desire do something or not, we can use:
Verb Stem +ใน๋?/์๋? (Casual)
Verb Stem +ใน๋์?/์๋์? (Polite)
Verb Stem +์ค๋์?/์ผ์ค๋์? (Very Polite)
When using this pattern, the sentence subject must be โIโ, โweโ or โyouโ and
cannot be โsheโ, โheโ, or โtheyโ.
1) Casual and polite forms
If the verb stem ends in a vowel: +ใน๋(์)
๋ง์ + ใน๋(์) ๋ง์ค๋(์) will drink
๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ + ใน๋(์) ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆด๋(์) will wait
If it ends in a consonant (except for ใน): +์๋(์)
๋จน + ์๋(์) ๋จน์๋(์) will eat
๋ฃ* + ์๋(์) ๋ค์๋(์) will listen to
2) Very polite form
If the verb stem ends in a vowel: +์ค๋์?
๋ง์ + ใน๋์?* ๋์ค๋์? (๋์+ใน๋์?)
๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ + ์ค๋์? ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ์ค๋์?
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UNIT 8 ๋น๋น๋ฐฅ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์ 239
If it ends in a consonant (except for ใน): +์ผ์ค๋์?
๋จน + ์๋์?* ๋์ค๋์? (๋์+ใน๋์?)
๋ฃ* + ์ผ์ค๋์? ๋ค์ผ์ค๋์?
The very polite form +(์ผ)์ค๋์? is used only in questions. Also note that
we have to use the very polite word ๋์, in place of ๋จน(eat) and ๋ง์(drink),
which cannot take +(์ผ)์ค๋์.
Examples:
(1) A: ๋ญ ๋ง์ค๋? What will you drink?
B: ์ปคํผ ๋ง์ค๋. I will drink coffee.
(2) A: ์ด๋ ์์๋? Where do you want to sit down?
B: ๋ ์ฌ๊ธฐ ์์๋. I want to sit here.
(3) A: ๋ญ ๋์ค๋์? What will you drink?
B: ํ์ฐจ ์ฃผ์ธ์. Iโll have tea please.
(Lit. Give me tea, please.)
(4) A: ๋ญ ์ ์๋? What do you want to wear?
B: ์ฒญ๋ฐ์ง ์ ์๋์. Iโd like to wear jeans.
(5) A: ์ค๋ ์ ๋ ํ ๋์ค ์น ๋์? Do you want to play tennis tonight?
B: ๊ธ์์. ์ข ํผ๊ณคํด์.
๊ทธ๋ฅ ์ง์์ ์ด๋์.
Well, Iโm a bit tired.
Iโd like to just rest at home.
Refer to the verb table in the appendices.
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Task 4: Role Play
Practice the dialogue with a partner using some of the vocabulary below.
You should know these from Unit 3.
A: ๋ญ ๋ง์ค๋?
B: [ ์์ด์ค ์ปคํผ ].
์๋, [ ์ค๋ ์ง ์ฃผ์ค ] ๋ง์ค๋.
๋?
A: ๋ [ ์ฝ๋ผ ].
์๋ฃ์ (Beverages)
1. ์ฝ๋ผ cola
2. ๋งฅ์ฃผ beer
3. ์ฐ์ milk
4. ์ค๋ ์ง ์ฃผ์ค orange juice
5. ์ปคํผ coffee
6. ์ฐจ tea
7. ๋ฌผ water
8. ์์คํค whisky
9. ํ์ฐจ black tea
10. ์ธ์ผ์ฐจ ginseng tea
11 ํ์ฐ/์ฒญ๋ ์๋ฃ soft drinks
12. ๋ น์ฐจ green tea
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Task 5: Role Play
Practice the dialogue with a partner using some of the vocabulary below.
You should know these from Unit 3.
A: [ ์์ด์ค ์ปคํผ ] ๋ผ์?*
B: ์ฃ์กํฉ๋๋ค, ์๋.
์ค๋์ [ ์์ด์ค ์ปคํผ ]๊ฐ ์ ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
A: ์... ๊ทธ๋ผ [ ์ฝ๋ผ ] ์ฃผ์ธ์.
Note: โ... ๋ผ์?โ means โIs ... available?โ but it can also be used for โIs ...
allowedโ and is used in the phrase โ์นด๋ ๋ผ์? (Can I pay by card?)โ.
โ๋ฉ๋๋คโ is the formal style version of โ๋ผ์โ.
์๋ฃ์ (Beverages)
1. ์ฝ๋ผ cola
2. ๋งฅ์ฃผ beer
3. ์ฐ์ milk
4. ์ค๋ ์ง ์ฃผ์ค orange juice
5. ์ปคํผ coffee
6. ์ฐจ tea
7. ๋ฌผ water
8. ์์คํค whisky
9. ํ์ฐจ black tea
10. ์ธ์ผ์ฐจ ginseng tea
11 ํ์ฐ/์ฒญ๋ ์๋ฃ soft drinks
12. ๋ น์ฐจ green tea
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Counting Nouns
Korean commonly uses counting nouns for counting objects with numbers.
An example of a counting noun, โ์ (oโclock)โ, was introduced in unit 6. An
example of an English counting noun is the word โcupโ when we say โIโll have
two cups of coffeeโ rather than โIโll have two coffeesโ.
In English, however, these are mainly used with โuncountableโ or โmass
nounsโ, for example, โtwo loaves of breadโ instead of โtwo breadsโ or โthree
pieces of furnitureโ instead of โthree furnituresโ. (Note that in Korean all
nouns must be used in their singular form when a number is specified.)
(1) ์ปคํผ ๋ ์ ์ฃผ์ธ์. Iโll have 2 cups of coffee.
(2) ์ฌ๊ณผ ํ ๊ฐ ์ฃผ์ธ์. Give me 1 apple.
The use of counting nouns in English is very limited. However, Korean has a
wide range of different counting nouns. ๊ฐ can be used with most objects,
though it must not be used for people.
For people, use ์ฌ๋, ๋ช or ๋ถ. ์ฌ๋ and ๋ช are interchangeable and are both
neutral terms for counting people. ๋ถ is an honorific form and should be used
for elders, customers, seniors, etc. For example, when customers arrive at a
restaurant:
(3) ์ข ์ ์: ๋ช ๋ถ์ด์ธ์? How many of you are there?
์๋: ์ธ ๋ช ์ด์์. There are three of us.
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ํ ์ ํ ๋ณ ํ ๊ฐ ํ ์
๋ ์ ๋ ๋ณ ๋ ๊ฐ ๋ ์
์ธ ์ ์ธ ๋ณ ์ธ ๊ฐ ์ธ ์
๋ค ์ ๋ค ๋ณ ๋ค ๊ฐ ๋ค ์
์ค๋ฌด ์ ์ค๋ฌด ๋ณ ์ค๋ฌด ๊ฐ
The list below shows the counting nouns that you are most likely to need in
everyday conversation, so you should memorise these.
Item
Counting Noun
Example
(1) oโclock ์ ํ ์ one oโclock
(2) hours ์๊ฐ ๋ ์๊ฐ two hours
(3) months ๋ฌ ์ธ ๋ฌ three months
(4) age (years) ์ด ๋ค ์ด four years (old)
(5) people ์ฌ๋/๋ช ํ์ ๋ค์ฏ ์ฌ๋/๋ช five students
(6) people (honorific) ๋ถ ์๋ ๋ค์ฏ ๋ถ five customers
(7) general things ๊ฐ ์ฌ๊ณผ ์ฌ์ฏ ๊ฐ six apples
(8) cups ์ ์ปคํผ ์ผ๊ณฑ ์ seven cups of
coffee
(9) bottles ๋ณ ๋งฅ์ฃผ ์ฌ๋ ๋ณ eight bottles of
beer
(10) sheets, tickets ์ฅ ์ข ์ด ์ดํ ์ฅ eleven sheets of
paper
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This list shows less frequently used counting nouns and is provided for you to
refer to when necessary.
Item Counting
Noun
Example
(11) animals ๋ง๋ฆฌ ์ ์ํ ๋ง๋ฆฌ nine cows
(12) books ๊ถ ์ฑ ์ด ๊ถ ten books.
(13) pencils ์๋ฃจ ์ฐํ ์ด๋ ์๋ฃจ twelve pencils
(14) shoes, socks ์ผค๋ ๊ตฌ๋ ์ด์ธ ์ผค๋ thirteen pairs of
shoes
(15) suits (clothes) ๋ฒ ์๋ณต ์ด๋ค ๋ฒ fourteen suits
(16) cars ๋ ์๋์ฐจ ์ด๋ค์ฏ ๋ fifteen cars
(17) trees ๊ทธ๋ฃจ ๋๋ฌด ์ด์ฌ์ฏ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ sixteen trees
(18) letters ํต ํธ์ง ์ด์ผ๊ณฑ ํต seventeen letters
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Task 6: Writing
Compile a shopping list from the information on the right. Make sure you use
the appropriate counting nouns. The first one has been done for you.
a. oranges 3 1. ์ค๋ ์ง ์ธ ๊ฐ
b. apples 2 2.
c. eggs 10 3.
d. beer 5 4.
e. whisky 1 5.
f. cakes 4 6.
g. bread 1 7.
h. carrots 7 8.
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Task 7: Writing
You need to buy the items in the box for a party:
apples -10
pears - 5
coke - 7 bottles
orange juice - 3 bottles
apple juice - 2 bottles
beer - 8 bottles
wine - 1 bottle
Use this information to complete the following dialogues.
1. 1st ๊ณผ์ผ ๊ฐ๊ฒ์์
์ ์: ์ด์ ์ค์ธ์.
์๋: ์ฌ๊ณผ ์์ด์?
์ ์: ๋ค, ์์ด์.
์๋: ๋ฐฐ๋์?
์ ์: ์๋๋ฐ์.
์๋: ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด, ์ฃผ์ธ์.
2. 2nd ๊ณผ์ผ ๊ฐ๊ฒ์์
์ ์: ์ด์ ์ค์ธ์.
์๋: ๋ฐฐ ์์ด์?
์ ์: ๋ค, ์์ด์.
์๋: ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด, ์ฃผ์ธ์.
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3. 1st ์ํผ๋ง์ผ์์
์ ์: ์ด์ ์ค์ธ์.
์๋: ์ฝ๋ผ ์์ด์?
์ ์: ๋ค, ์์ด์.
์๋: ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด, ์ฃผ์ธ์.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ฌ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ค ์์ด์?
์ ์: ์๋๋ฐ์. ์ค๋ ์ง ์ฃผ์ค๋ ์์ด์.
์๋: ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด, ์ค๋ ์ง ์ฃผ์ค ์ฃผ์ธ์.
4. 2nd ์ํผ๋ง์ผ์์
์ ์: ์ด์ ์ค์ธ์.
์๋: ์ฌ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ค ์์ด์?
์ ์: ๋ค, ์์ด์.
์๋: ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด, ์ฃผ์ธ์.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋งฅ์ฃผ ์์ด์?
์ ์: ๋ค, ์์ด์.
์๋: ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด, ์ฃผ์ธ์.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ํฌ๋์ฃผ ์์ด์?
์ ์: ์๋๋ฐ์.
5. 3rd ์ํผ๋ง์ผ์์
์ ์: ์ด์ ์ค์ธ์.
์๋: ํฌ๋์ฃผ ์์ด์?
์ ์: ๋ค, ์์ด์.
์๋: ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด, ์ฃผ์ธ์.
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Task 8: Listening
โ ๋ฌธํ (EXPONENT)
A(things) ์์ด์? Have you got A?
A ์์ด์/์์ด์. I have/haven't got A.
A(things) ์ฃผ์ธ์. Give me A, please.
โ ํ์ ์ดํ (ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
๋ค yes
์๋์ค no
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด then
์ฌ๊ณผ apple
๋นต bread
์ฝ๋ผ coke
์์คํค whisky
๋งฅ์ฃผ beer
๋ธ๋๋ brandy
์ค๋ ์ง ์ฃผ์ค orange juice
๊ฐ general item counting noun
๋ณ bottle counting noun
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โ Listen to the following dialogues that might happen in a shop between a
shop assistant and a customer. Write down the number of items that a
customer is buying in the box next to that item. Ready? Listen!
1. ๊ณผ์ผ ๊ฐ๊ฒ์์; in a fruit shop
2. ์ํผ๋ง์ผ์์; in a small supermarket
3. ์ฃผ๋ฅ ๊ฐ๊ฒ์์; in a bottle shop
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Situation Dialogue 3
Minjun, Hyeonu and Paul are at a Korean restaurant in Melbourne.
์ข ์ ์: ์ด์ ์ค์ธ์. ์ธ ๋ถ์ด์ธ์?
๋ฏผ์ค: ๋ค.
์ข ์ ์: ์ด์ชฝ์ผ๋ก ์ค์ธ์.
(A waiter comes back to take an order.)
์ข ์ ์: ์ฃผ๋ฌธ ํ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น?
๋ฏผ์ค: ๋น๋น๋ฐฅ ํ๋, ๊น์น์ฐ๊ฐ ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์.
๋น๋น๋ฐฅ์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๋นผ๊ณ ์.
์ข ์ ์: ๋ค, ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค.
(The waiter brings out the food.)
์ข ์ ์: ๋ง์๊ฒ ๋์ธ์.
(Hyeonu gets the attention of waiter.)
ํ์ฐ: ์ ๊ธฐ์.
์ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฌผ ํ ์๋ง ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์.
์ข ์ ์: ๋ค. ๋ญ ํ์ํ ๊ฑฐ ๋ ์์ผ์ธ์?
ํด: ์๋จ, ๊ด์ฐฎ์์.
์ข ์ ์: ๋ค, ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค.
Romanisation and Translation
Staff: Eoseo oseyo. Se buniseyo? Welcome. A table for three?
Minjun: Ne. Yes.
Staff: Ijjogeuro oseyo. Please come this way.
(A waiter comes back to take an order.)
Staff: Jumun hasigetseumnikka? Are you ready to order?
(Lit. Will you order?)
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Minjun: Bibimbap hana, gimchijjigae
dul juseyo.
Bibimbabeun gogi ppaegoyo.
One bibimbab and two kimchi
jjigae please.
Weโll have the bibimbap without
meat. (vegetarian bibimbap)
Staff: Ne, algetseumnida. Yes, certainly.
(Lit. Yes, I understand.)
(The waiter brings out the food.)
Staff: Masitge deuseyo. Enjoy your meal.
(Hyeonu gets the attention of waiter.)
Hyeonu: Jeogiyo.
Yeogi mul han janman deo
juseyo.
Excuse me. (Lit. Hey over
there!) Can we have another
class of water, please?
Staff: Ne. Mwo piryohan geo deo
eopseuseyo?
Sure. Is there anything else you
need? (Lit. Is there not anything
else you need?)
Paul: Anyo,gwaenchanayo. No, weโre fine.
Staff: Ne, algetseumnida. Okay then.
Vocabulary
์ด์ ์ค์ธ์. Welcome (Lit. Please come in right away)
์ธ ๋ถ three people
+์ด์ธ์? is it?
(+์ด์ธ์/์ธ์ is the honorific form of +์ด์์/์์.)
์ด์ชฝ์ผ๋ก [์ด์ชฝ this side+์ผ๋ก to] this way
์ค์ธ์. [์ค come+์ธ์(very polite present tense ending)]
(please) come
๋น๋น๋ฐฅ rice with mixed vegetables and beef
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์ฃผ๋ฌธ
ํ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น?
[์ฃผ๋ฌธํ order +์(honorific infix) +๊ฒ (future infix)
+์ต๋๊น?(honorific question ending)]
Are you ready to order?
ํ๋ one
๊น์น์ฐ๊ฐ kimchi stew
๋ two
๊ณ ๊ธฐ meat
์ฃผ์ธ์. [์ฃผ give+์ธ์(very polite present tense ending)]
(please) give
๋นผ๊ณ ์ [๋นผ take out; except; exclude +๊ณ and +์ (polite particle)]
without meat, please
์๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค Okay. (Lit. I understand.)
๋ง์๊ฒ ๋์ธ์ Enjoy your meal [๋ง์๊ฒ deliciously โ *this is really part
of an idiomatic expression so canโt really be translated by
itself; ๋์ธ์ (please) take; eat; drink (honorific)]
์ ๊ธฐ์ [์ ๊ธฐ over there +์(polite particle)] Excuse me.
์ฌ๊ธฐ here
๋ฌผ water
ํ ์ one cup
+๋ง only
๋ more; (also forms comparatives like the English -er
ending: taller)
ํ์ํ ๊ฑฐ [ํ์ํ needed+ใด(noun modifying adjective ending)
๊ฑฐ thing] โneeded thingโ
์์ผ์ธ์? [์ not have; there isnโt+์ผ์ธ์(very polite present tense
ending)] Is there not anyโฆ?; Do you not have anyโฆ?
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์๋จ no
๊ด์ฐฎ์์ [๊ด์ฐฎ okay+์์(present tense ending)] okay
๋ค yes
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Restaurant Related Expressions
์ ๋จน๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค! (Formal)
์ ๋จน์๊ฒ. (Casual)
I will be enjoying the meal.
(You say this just before you start eating
the meal prepared or paid by someone
other than you.)
์ ๋จน์์ต๋๋ค. (Formal)
์ ๋จน์์ด. (Casual)
I enjoyed the meal.
I enjoyed the meal.
๋ง์๋ค! Yum; Tastes good.
๋ฐฐ๋ถ๋ฌ(์). Iโm full.
์ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ญ๊ฐ ๋ง์์ด์? What is your recommendation?
(Lit. What is delicious in this restaurant?).
[A]์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๋ค์์ด์? Does [A] have meat in it?
๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ข ์ฃผ์ธ์. Could you hurry up, please?
๋ฐ์ฐฌ ์ข ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์. May I have some more side dishes?
(Lit. Please give me more side dishes)
์ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฅ ํ๋ ์ถ๊ฐ์. One more bowl of rice, please.
์ด๊ฑฐ ์ ์์ผฐ๋๋ฐ์.
์ด๊ฑฐ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ ์ ํ๋๋ฐ์.
I didnโt order this.
I didnโt order this.
์ด๊ฑฐ ์๋น์ค์์. Complements of the house
(Lit. This is a (free) service)
๊ณ์ฐ์ ์ข ๊ฐ๋ค ์ฃผ์ธ์. May I have the bill please?
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Pure Korean Numbers
Korean uses two sets of numbers. The first is comprised of numbers that
predate the influence of Chinese culture in Korea, โPure Korean numbersโ.
The second is based on the Chinese number system, โSino-Korean numbersโ.
Pure Korean numbers up to 12 were introduced in unit 6 for telling the time
(saying โ1 oโclockโ, etc.). Here we will introduce more Pure Korean
numbers. You will hear these numbers used most often for counting everyday
objects, such as when people are ordering things in cafรฉs, etc.
ํ๋ 1 ๋ 2 ์ 3 ๋ท 4 ๋ค์ฏ 5
์ฌ์ฏ 6 ์ผ๊ณฑ 7 ์ฌ๋ 8 ์ํ 9 ์ด 10
์ดํ๋ 11 ์ด๋ 12 ์ด์ 13 ์ด๋ท 14 ์ด๋ค์ฏ 15
์ด์ฌ์ฏ 16 ์ด์ผ๊ณฑ 17 ์ด์ฌ๋ 18 ์ด์ํ 19 ์ค๋ฌผ 20
Examples:
(1) ์ฌ๊ณผ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์. Please give me one apple.
(2) ๋ผ๋ผ ๋์ด์. Two lattes, please.
(3) ์ปคํผ ์ ์ฃผ์ธ์. Iโll have three coffees.
(4) ํ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ ๋ท ์ฃผ์ธ์. Iโll have four hamburgers.
Note that the object does not change to a plural form when there is more than
one, unlike in English.
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Note also that a modified form of ํ๋, ๋, ์ , ๋ท and ์ค๋ฌผ are used with
counting nouns (shown below).
ํ ๊ฐ ํ๋
๋ ๊ฐ ๋
์ธ ๊ฐ ์
๋ค ๊ฐ ๋ท
์ค๋ฌด ๊ฐ ์ค๋ฌผ
(5a) ์ปคํผ ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์. Iโll have two coffees.
(5b) ์ปคํผ ๋ ์ ์ฃผ์ธ์. Iโll have two cups of coffee.
While these numbers exist up to 99 (shown below), nowadays most Koreans
tend to use them only for numbers up to about 20. Listening Comprehension
Tasks 10 and 11 introduce the Pure Korean numbers up to 20.
์ค๋ฌผ 20 ์๋ฅธ 30 ๋งํ 40 ์ฐ 50
์์ 60 ์ผํ 70 ์ฌ๋ 80 ์ํ 90
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UNIT 8 ๋น๋น๋ฐฅ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์ 258
Task 9: Word Check
Connect the numerals with their Pure Korean number equivalent. The first
one is done for you.
1 โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ ํ๋
2 ์ผ๊ณฑ
3 ์ฌ๋
4 ๋
5 ์
6 ์ฌ์ฏ
7 ์ํ
8 ๋ท
9 ๋ค์ฏ
10 ์ด
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Task 10: Listening
โ ํ์ ์ดํ (ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
ํ๋ one ๋ two ์ three ๋ท four
๋ค์ฏ five ์ฌ์ฏ six ์ผ๊ณฑ seven ์ฌ๋ eight
์ํ nine ์ด ten
โ You are going to hear pure Korean numbers from 1 to 10. Circle the
number that you hear. Ready? Listen!
1. a.5 b.9 2. a.7 b.10 3. a.2 b.8 4. a.9 b.3
5. a.1 b.6 6. a.3 b.8 7. a.3 b.9 8. a.3 b.1
9. a.7 b.5 10. a.4 b.9
โ You are going to hear the numbers again. However, this time write down
the number that you hear, if possible, in Korean. Ready? Listen!
11. 12. 13. 14.
15. 16. 17. 18.
19. 20.
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Task 11: Listening
โ ํ์ ์ดํ (ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
์ดํ๋ eleven ์ด๋ twelve
์ด์ thirteen ์ด๋ท fourteen
์ด๋ค์ฏ fifteen ์ด์ฌ์ฏ sixteen
์ด์ผ๊ณฑ seventeen ์ด์ฌ๋ eighteen
์ด์ํ nineteen ์ค๋ฌผ twenty
โ You are going to hear pure Korean numbers from 11 to 20. Circle the
number that you hear. Ready? Listen!
1. a.15 b.14 2. a.17 b.13 3. a.11 b.18 4. a.19 b.13
5. a.11 b.16 6. a.18 b.19 7. a.15 b.13 8. a.12 b.17
9. a.12 b.15 10. a.20 b.19
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UNIT 8 ๋น๋น๋ฐฅ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์ 261
Task 12: Role Play
Practice the following role play with a partner
A: Shop assistant: You work in a fast food restaurant. Take your
customerโs order, filling out the order sheet below as you go. After you
have finished show your partner what you have written to check that
you have taken the order correctly. Switch roles when you have
finished.
B: Customer: You are ordering fast food for you and your friends. Decide
the quantities of each item that you will order from the menu below and
write it down. Order the items from the shop assistant.
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ]
A: ์ด์ ์ค์ธ์. (Welcome. Lit. โPlease come in right awayโ)
๋ญ ๋๋ฆด๊น์? (What can I get you?)
B: ์์ด์คํฌ๋ฆผ ํ๋ํ๊ณ ์น์ฆ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ ๋ํ๊ณ ์ฝ๋ผ ์ ์ฃผ์ธ์.
A: ์์ด์คํฌ๋ฆผ ํ๋, ์น์ฆ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ ๋, ์ฝ๋ผ ์ ์ด์?
B: ๋ค, ๋ง์์. (Yes, thatโs right)
์์ด์คํฌ๋ฆผ ๊ฐ
์น์ฆ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ
ํ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ
ํ๋ ์น ํ๋ผ์ด์ฆ ๊ฐ
์ฝ๋ผ ์ปต
์ปคํผ ์
์ฐ์ ์ปต
ํ์ฐจ ์
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UNIT 8 ๋น๋น๋ฐฅ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์ 262
Noun +ํ๊ณ , +(์ด)๋ and +๊ณผ/์ โandโ
+ํ๊ณ , +(์ด)๋ and +๊ณผ/์ are particles added to the end of a noun to
connect it to another noun:
1) +ํ๊ณ for conversational speech: ๋นตํ๊ณ ์ฐ์
์ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ๋นต
2) +(์ด)๋ for conversational speech, which often used by children or young
females
o If the word ends in a vowel +๋: ์ฐ์ ๋ ๋นต
o If the word ends in a consonant, +์ด๋: ๋นต์ด๋ ์ฐ์
3) +๊ณผ/์ for writing or formal speech
o If the word ends in a vowel, +์: ์ฐ์ ์ ๋นต
o If the word ends in a consonant, +๊ณผ: ๋นต๊ณผ ์ฐ์
Note that there is no space between the first noun and the particle, but there is
a space between the particle and the second noun (not ์ฝ๋ผ ํ๊ณ ํ์ฐจ, but
์ฝ๋ผํ๊ณ ํ์ฐจ). We use +ํ๊ณ most often in conversation.
Examples:
(1) ์๋: ์ฝ๋ผํ๊ณ ์ปคํผ ์ฃผ์ธ์. Please give me a coke and a coffee.
์ ์: ๋ค, ์ฌ๊ธฐ ์์ต๋๋ค Certainly, here you are.
(2) A: ํ๊ตญ์ด ์์ ์ธ์ ์์ด์? . When do you have Korean classes?
B: ์์์ผํ๊ณ ์์์ผ์ด์ On Mondays and Wednesdays.
(3) ๋นต์ด๋ ์ฐ์ ์์ด์. I bought bread and milk.
(4) ๋ ๋ฆฝ์ํ โ๋นต๊ณผ ์ฐ์ โ
(์์ ์ฐ ๊ฐ๋ )
Independent Film โBread and Milkโ,
Director: Shin-yon Won.
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Task 13: Writing
Work out what the following dialogue means and fill in the blanks using the
words below. There may be more than one answer.
+ํ๊ณ ๋ณ ํ
ํ๋ ๊ฐ ๋
์ข ์ ์: ์ด์ ์ค์ธ์. ๋ ๋ถ์ด์ธ์?
์๋: ๋ค.
์ข ์ ์: ์ด์ชฝ์ผ๋ก ์ค์ธ์.
๋ญ ๋์๊ฒ ์ด์?
์๋: ๋งฅ์ฃผ ๋ญ ์์ด์?
์ข ์ ์: ํ์ดํธ, ์นด์ค, ์นดํ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์๋๋ฐ์.
์๋: ํ์ดํธ ์ธ ์ฃผ์ธ์.
์ข ์ ์: ๋ค, ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค. ์์ฃผ๋์?
์๋: ๋ง๋ฅธ ์์ฃผ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์.
์ข ์ ์: ๋ค, ํ์ดํธ ์ ๋ง๋ฅธ ์์ฃผ* ์?
์๋: ๋ง์์.
Note: Korean pub goers normally order ์์ฃผ (drinking snacks) to go with
their drinks. (It is often compulsory to do so!) These side dishes can vary
from plates of nibbles to large hot dishes of nicely prepared food. The drinks
are very cheap and the pubs usually make their money from selling these
โside dishesโ.
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UNIT 8 ๋น๋น๋ฐฅ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์ 264
Task 14: Listening
โ ๋ฌธํ (EXPONENT)
A(things) ์ฃผ์ธ์. Give me A please.
โ ํ์ ์ดํ (ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
์ฝ๋ผ coke
์ปคํผ coffee
์ค๋ ์ง ์ฃผ์ค orange juice
์ฐ์ milk
์ด์ ์ค์ธ์ routine expression meaning welcome
Pure Korean numbers up to 5
โ You are going to hear three dialogues in which a customer is ordering
drinks in a coffee shop. Write down the number of drinks the customer orders
in the box next to the drink. Ready? Listen!
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9
์ผ๋ง์์?
Unit Focus:
Asking for and Giving Prices
Asking for a Discount
o ์ผ๋ง โHow much?โ
o Sino-Korean Numbers
o Telling the Time: # minutes
o ์๋์์ โam/are/is notโ
o Rate and Ratio Particle +์ โperโ
o Delimiter Particle +๋ง โonlyโ
o Demonstrative Pronouns: ์ด, ๊ทธ, ์ and ์ด๋
o Vocabulary: Colour Terms ์
o Vocabulary: Consumer Items
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UNIT 9 ์ผ๋ง์์?
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Situation Dialogue 1
Jihun and Minseo are at a fast food restaurant.
์ ์: ๋ญ ๋๋ฆด๊น์?
์งํ: ๋ถ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ ์ธํธ ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์.
์ ์: ์ฌ๊ธฐ ์์ต๋๋ค.
์งํ: ์ผ๋ง์์?
์ ์: ๊ตฌ์ฒ ์์ ๋๋ค.
์ ์: ๋ง ์ ๋ฐ์์ต๋๋ค.
์ ์: ์ฒ ์ ๋๋ ธ์ต๋๋ค.
Romanisation and Translation
Assistant: Mwo deurilkkayo? What can I get you?
Jihun: Bulgogi beogeo seteu dul
juseyo.
Two bulgogi burger meals,
please.
Assistant: Yeogi itseumnida. Here you are.
Jihun: Eolmayeyo? How much is that?
Assistant: Gucheonwonimnida. Thatโs 9,000 won.
Assistant: Manwon badatseumnida. Thatโs (Lit. I have received)
10,000 won.
Assistant: Cheonwon deuryeotseumnida. Thatโs 1,000 won change. (Lit.
I have given you 1,000 won.)
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Vocabulary
๋ญ what
๋๋ฆด๊น์? [๋๋ฆฌ give(honorific)+ใน๊น์?shall I?]
Shall I give โฆ?
๋ถ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ bulgogi burger
์ธํธ meal
๋ two
์ฃผ์ธ์ [์ฃผ give+์ธ์(honorific present tense ending)]
(please) give
์ฌ๊ธฐ ์์ต๋๋ค [์ฌ๊ธฐ here ์ there is+์ต๋๋ค(formal style present tense
ending)] here it is (polite)
์ผ๋ง์์? [์ผ๋ง how much+์์ am/are/is] How much is it?
๊ตฌ์ฒ ์ 9,000 won
+์ ๋๋ค +์ ๋๋ค is the formal style version of +์์/์ด์์
(am/are/is).
๋ง ์ 10,000 won
๋ฐ์์ต๋๋ค [๋ฐ receive+์์ต๋๋ค(formal style past tense ending)]
received (polite)
์ฒ ์ 1,000 won
๋๋ ธ์ต๋๋ค [๋๋ฆฌ give(honorific)+์์ต๋๋ค(formal style past tense
ending)] gave (polite)
Note 1: Korean shop assistants typically use formal-honorific forms when
speaking to customers. Customers will generally speak to shop
assistants in more casual - though still polite - forms.
Note 2: The highest valued Korean note is 50,000 won and the lowest is
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UNIT 9 ์ผ๋ง์์?
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1,000 won. Coins range from 1 won to 500 won.
Current Korean currency can be found at the following web
address: http://eng.bok.or.kr/broadcast.action?menuNaviId=1691
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์๋์์ โam/are/is notโ
1) +์ด์์/์์ (am/are/is)
In unit 1 you have learned +์ด์์/์์ to say โA is Bโ when B is a noun and
not an adjective. Remember that this ending must be added to the end of a
noun, pronoun or wh-question word.
Noun+(์ด)์ผ (Casual)
Noun+์ด์์/์์ (Polite)
Noun+(์ด)์ธ์ (Honorific)
Noun+์ ๋๋ค (Polite, formal)
Noun+(์ด)์ญ๋๋ค (Honorific, formal)
Rules:
If the noun ends in a vowel: +์์
๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ๋ญ์์? What is that?
If it ends in a consonant: +์ด์์
์ฌ์ ์น๊ตฌ ์ฌ์ง์ด์์. Itโs a photo of my girlfriend.
2) ์๋์์
If you want to say that โA is not Bโ, then you use์๋์์.
Noun ์๋์ผ (Casual)
Noun ์๋์์ (Polite)
Noun ์๋์ธ์ (Honorific)
Noun ์๋๋๋ค (Polite, formal)
Noun ์๋์ญ๋๋ค (Honorific, formal)
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However in this case, we do not write it as an ending attached to the noun, but
as a separate word:
์ด๊ฑฐ ์ ์ฑ ์๋์์. This is not my book.
Examples:
(1) A: ์ ์ฌ๋ ํ๊ตญ ์ฌ๋์ด์์? Is s/he a Korean?
B: ์๋์, ํ๊ตญ ์ฌ๋ ์๋์์. No. S/heโs not a Korean.
(2) A: ์ ์ฐจ ์ผ๋ณธ ๊ฑฐ ์๋์์. That car is not a Japanese one.
B: ๊ทธ๋ผ, ์ด๋ ๋๋ผ ๊ฑฐ์์? Then what country does it come
from?
(3) A: ์ ๊ฑฐ ์ผ๋ง์์? How much is that?
B: ์ญ ๋ฌ๋ฌ์์. Itโs 10 dollars.
(4) A: ์ ๋ถ ๋๊ตฌ์ธ์?* Who is s/he? (honorific)
B: ํ๊ตญํ ๊ต์๋์ด์ธ์. S/he is a professor of Korean
Studies.
(5) A: ๋จ๋์์ด ๋ช ํ๋ ์ด์์? What year of school is your
younger brother in?
B: ๊ณ ๋ฑํ๊ต ์ผ ํ๋ ์ด์์.* He is in 3rd year of high school.
(*ํ๋ is pronounced โhang-nyeonโ.)
(6) A: ์กธ์ ์ ์ธ์ ์์? When is your graduation
ceremony?
B: ์ด ์ ์ด์ญ์ค ์ผ์ด์์. Itโs on the 25th of February.
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(7) A: ์ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด๋์์? Where are we?
(Lit. Where is this place?)
B: ์ข ๋ก* ์ผ๊ฐ์์. We are in Jongno 3-ka.
(Lit. It is Jongno 3-ka)
(Pronounced โjong-noโ.)
(8) A: ์ค๋ ๋ฉฐ์น ์ด์์? Whatโs the date today?
B: ์ด์ญ์น ์ผ์ด์์. Itโs the 27th.
Refer to the appendix 1 at the end of the book.
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์ผ๋ง โHow much?โ
You learned the meaning of ๋ช - โhow manyโ, or โwhatโ when used with
numerical nouns such as โtimeโ/โageโ/โdateโ/โfloorโ etc. - in Unit 6. Now we
will look at the word ์ผ๋ง which has a similar meaning, but different usage.
์ผ๋ง is also used for numerical quantities but, unlike ๋ช, ์ผ๋ง is not used
before nouns. For example, ๋ช can be used for the following:
(1) ๋ช ์์์? What time is it?
(2) ๋ช ์ด์ด์์? What age are you?/What age is s/he?
(3) ๋ช ์ธต์ด์์? What floor is it?
In these examples, ๋ช is asking what number.
It is also used like this:
(4) ํ๋ฃจ์ ์ปคํผ ๋ช ์ ๋ง์ ์? How many cups of coffee do you
drink in a day?
์ผ๋ง, on the other hand, is used like this:
(5) ์ด๊ฑฐ ์ผ๋ง์์? How much is this?
Note that there is no noun after ์ผ๋ง, but simply the verb meaning โisโ. This
construction can always be equated to โHow much isโฆ?โ In the simple form
above, it is used to ask the price of something, but the word โpriceโ is not used
in the sentence. So when asking about prices, always use ์ผ๋ง, and for now,
use ๋ช for asking about all other quantities or amounts.
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Sino-Korean Numbers
Sino-Korean numbers are used in cases where numbers are more abstract. As
such, they are used for dates, telephone numbers, bus numbers, amounts of
money including prices, minutes when telling the time, room numbers, floors
of a building, measurements of weight, height, and so on.
์/๊ณต 0
์ผ 1 ์ด 2 ์ผ 3 ์ฌ 4 ์ค 5
์ก 6 ์น 7 ํ 8 ๊ตฌ 9 ์ญ 10
์ญ์ผ 11 ์ญ์ด 12 ์ญ์ผ 13 ์ญ์ฌ 14 ์ญ์ค 15
์ญ์ก 16 ์ญ์น 17 ์ญํ 18 ์ญ๊ตฌ 19 ์ด์ญ 20
์ญ 10 ์ด์ญ 20 ์ผ์ญ 30 ์ฌ์ญ 40 ์ค์ญ 50
๋ฐฑ 100 ์ด๋ฐฑ 200 ์ผ๋ฐฑ 300 ์ฌ๋ฐฑ 400 โฆ
์ฒ 1000 ์ด์ฒ 2000 ์ผ์ฒ 3000 โฆ 4000
๋ง 10000 ์ด๋ง 20000 โฆ
์ญ๋ง 100,000
๋ฐฑ๋ง 1,000,000
์ฒ๋ง 10,000,000
Examples:
year ๋ ์ฒ๊ตฌ๋ฐฑ๊ตฌ์ญ์ค ๋ 1995
month name ์ ์ผ ์ January
date (of the month) ์ผ ์ด ์ผ the 2nd (of a month)
weeks ์ฃผ ์ผ ์ฃผ three weeks
minutes ๋ถ ์ฌ ๋ถ four minutes
currency ์ ์ค ์ five won
floor ์ธต ์ก ์ธต the sixth floor
building number ๋ ์น ๋ building no. 7
room number ํธ ํ ํธ room no. 8
telephone number ๊ตญ, ๋ฒ ๊ตฌ๋ฐฑ์ผ ๊ตญ์ ์ด์ฒ ๋ฒ 1 901-2000
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Note 1: Koreans typically express the first four (or three) digits of a phone
number as one number, followed by ๊ตญ์, and then the last four digits as
another number, before finally adding ๋ฒ. However, Koreans are increasingly
expressing phone numbers as a series of digits, as in English.
More examples:
(1) A: ์ด๊ฑฐ ์ผ๋ง์์? How much is this?
B: ์ฒ์ค๋ฐฑ ์์ด์์. Itโs 1,500 won.
(2) A: ์ ์ ์ฌ์ ์๊ธ์ด* ์ผ๋ง๋ ๋ผ์? How much is the starting
salary?
B: ์ผ๋ฐฑ๋ง ์์ด์์. 3,000,000 won (per month).
(In Korea, salaries are calculated by the month. ์๊ธ means a monthโs
pay (์ month + ๊ธ provision). An employee will usually receive a
bonus payment which can be up to 6 months base salary per year, as
well as allowances for meals and travelling expenses. Starting annual
salaries for university graduates in major companies averaged
29,850,000 won (A$ 40,695) in 2007.)
(3) A: ์ถ์์ด* ์ธ์ ์์? When is Chuseok?
B: ์๋ ฅ ํ์ ์ญ์ค์ผ์ด์์. Itโs August 15
in the lunar calendar.
(์ถ์ is one of the most important public holidays in the Korean
calendar. Traditionally, it marked the end of the harvest in autumn. On
the day before ์ถ์ literally millions of Koreans jam the highways as
they travel to their hometowns for the traditional celebrations.)
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(4) A: ์ฌ๋ฌด์ค์ด ๋ช ์ธต์ ์์ด์? Which floor is your office on?
B: ์ผ์ธต์ ์์ด์.* Itโs on the third floor
(In Korea, the ground floor is designated ์ผ์ธต (floor 1). So ์ผ์ธต is
actually equivalent to the second floor in Australia.)
(5) A: ํ๊ตญ์ด ๊ณต๋ถ ์ผ๋ง๋ ํ์ด์? How long have you studied
Korean?
B: ์ผ ์ฃผ ํ์ด์. 3 weeks.
(6) A: ์ด๊ฑฐ ๋ฐฐ๋ฌ ์ข ํด ์ฃผ์ธ์. Could you deliver this please?
B: ์ฃผ์๊ฐ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์? Please give me the address.
A: ํ๋ ์ํํธ ์น ๋ ์ฒ์กํธ์์. 1006, Block 7, Hyundai
Apartments.
In examples 2, 3, 4 and 6 a subject particle has been used (+์ด in 2, 3 and 4,
+๊ฐ in 6). This is because in these sentences, your attention is being focussed
on the subject (i.e. monthly pay, Chuseok, office, address). When the subject
noun ends in a consonant, you use +์ด, when it ends in a vowel you use +๊ฐ.
Normally, in conversation this subject particle can be omitted.
Note that it is important to remember for which items you must use pure
Korean numbers and in which cases you must use Sino-Korean numbers.
Eventually you should not have to think about which number system to use.
Normally, numbers are written using digits and not spelled out in Hangul. So
when a number is written as, for example, 24, you need to know whether to
read it as ์ค๋ฌผ๋ท or as ์ด์ญ์ฌ to avoid sounding like a foreigner!
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Task 1: Listening
โ ํ์ ์ดํ (ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
์/๊ณต zero ์ผ one ์ด two ์ผ three
์ฌ four ์ค five ์ก six ์น seven
ํ eight ๊ตฌ nine ์ญ ten
โ You are going to hear Sino-Korean numbers from 0 to 10. Circle the
numbers that you hear. Ready? Listen!
1. a.4 b.5 2. a.10 b.3 3. a.2 b.8 4. a.9 b.3
5. a.1 b.6 6. a.3 b.8 7. a.3 b.9 8. a.3 b.1
9. a.0 b.8 10. a.4 b.9 11. a.10 b.7
โ You are going to hear the numbers again. However, this time write down
the numbers that you hear, if possible, in Korean. Ready? Listen!
12. 13. 14.
15. 16. 17.
18. 19. 20.
21. 22.
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Task 2: Listening
โ ํ์ ์ดํ (ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
์ญ์ผ eleven ์ญ์ด twelve
์ญ์ผ thirteen ์ญ์ฌ fourteen
์ญ์ค fifteen ์ญ์ก sixteen
์ญ์น seventeen ์ญํ eighteen
์ญ๊ตฌ nineteen ์ด์ญ twenty
โ You are going to hear Sino-Korean numbers from 11 to 20. Circle the
numbers that you hear. Ready? Listen!
1. a.15 b.14 2. a.17 b.13 3. a.12 b.18 4. a.19 b.13
5. a.11 b.16 6. a.18 b.19 7. a.15 b.13 8. a.11 b.17
9. a.12 b.15 10. a.20 b.19
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Task 3: Listening
โ ํ์ ์ดํ (ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
์ญ ten ์ด์ญ twenty ์ผ์ญ thirty
์ฌ์ญ forty ์ค์ญ fifty ์ก์ญ sixty
์น ์ญ seventy ํ์ญ eighty ๊ตฌ์ญ ninety
๋ฐฑ (a) hundred
โ You are going to hear Sino-Korean numbers from 10 to 100. Circle the
numbers that you hear. Ready? Listen!
1. a. 40 b. 90 2. a. 30 b. 70 3. a. 20 b. 80
4. a. 50 b. 90 5. a. 60 b. 30 6. a. 70 b. 80
7. a. 40 b. 30 8. a. 10 b. 90 9. a. 50 b. 30
10. a. 100 b. 90
โ You are going to hear the numbers again. However, this time write down
the numbers that you hear, if possible, in Korean. Ready? Listen!
11. 12. 13.
14. 15. 16.
17. 18. 19.
20.
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Task 4: Writing
Read the dialogues and write down the prices next to each article. The first
one has been done for you.
a. ball-point pen ๏ฟฆ150 .
b. cigarette ๏ฟฆ .
c. ice cream ๏ฟฆ .
d. cheeseburger ๏ฟฆ .
1. ์๋: ์ด ํ๋ ์ ๋ณผํ ์ผ๋ง์์?
์ ์: ๋ฐฑ์ค์ญ ์์ด์์.
2. ์๋: ์ด ๋ด๋ฐฐ ์ผ๋ง์์?
์ ์: ์ฒ์ด๋ฐฑ ์์ด์์.
3. ์ ์: ๋ญ ๋๋ฆด๊น์?
์๋: ์์ด์ค ํฌ๋ฆผ ํ๋ํ๊ณ ์น์ฆ ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์.
์ ์: ์ฌ๊ธฐ ์์ต๋๋ค.
์๋: ์ผ๋ง์์?
์ ์: ์ด์ฒ์ค๋ฐฑ ์์ ๋๋ค.
์๋: ์์ด์คํฌ๋ฆผ์ด ์ผ๋ง์์?
์ ์: ์ก๋ฐฑ ์์ ๋๋ค.
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Task 5: Role Play
Practise the following role play with a partner.
A: Customer: You are in a coffee shop. There is a menu on the table but
there are no prices. Ask the waiter/waitress the price of each item and
fill in the menu below. When you have all the prices, order a drink.
When you have finished, show your partner what you have written to
check if youโve got the prices correct. Refer to the dialogue below.
B: Waiter: You are serving a customer in a coffee shop. Decide what you
would like to charge for your coffees.
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ]
์ ์: ๋ญ ๋๋ฆด๊น์?
์๋: [ ์ปคํผ ] ์ผ๋ง์์?
์ ์: 2,500 ์์ ๋๋ค.
์๋: ๊ทธ๋ผ, [ ํ์ฐจ ]๋์?
MENU
์ปคํผ ์ ์ธ์ผ์ฐจ ์
ํ์ฐจ ์ ์ฌ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ค ์
์ฐ์ ์ ๋ธ๊ธฐ ์ฃผ์ค ์
์ฝ๋ผ ์ ์ค๋ ์ง ์ฃผ์ค ์
๋ น์ฐจ ์
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Task 6: Listening
โ ๋ฌธํ (EXPONENT)
A ์ฃผ์ธ์. Give me A, Please.
์ฌ๊ธฐ ์์ต๋๋ค. Here you are.
์ผ๋ง์์? How much is it?
A (price) ์์ด์์. It's A won (Korean currency unit).
โ ํ์ ์ดํ (ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
์์ด์คํฌ๋ฆผ ice cream
์น์ฆ ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ cheeseburger
ํ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ hamburger
์ฝ๋ผ coke
์ปคํผ coffee
์ฐ์ milk
ํ์ฐจ indian tea
ํ๊ณ and
๊ฐ general item counting noun
ํ๋ ์น ํ๋ผ์ด์ฆ French fries
์ด์ ์ค์ธ์ routine expression meaning welcome
ํฉ๊ณ sum
Sino-Korean numbers up to 9,000: ๋ฐฑ hundred ์ฒ thousand
Pure Korean numbers up to 4
โ You are going to hear some dialogue that might happen in a fast food
restaurant. Listen for the number of items that a customer is ordering and the
price. Write down the number and the price on your sheet. Ready? Listen!
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1. ์์ด์คํฌ๋ฆผ ๊ฐ
์น์ฆ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ
ํ ๋ฒ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ
ํ๋ ์น ํ๋ผ์ด์ฆ
๊ฐ
์ฝ ๋ผ ์ปต
์ปค ํผ ์
์ฐ ์ ์ปต
ํ ์ฐจ ์
ํฉ ๊ณ ์
2. ์์ด์คํฌ๋ฆผ ๊ฐ
์น์ฆ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ
ํ ๋ฒ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ
ํ๋ ์น ํ๋ผ์ด์ฆ
๊ฐ
์ฝ ๋ผ ์ปต
์ปค ํผ ์
์ฐ ์ ์ปต
ํ ์ฐจ ์
ํฉ ๊ณ ์
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3. ์์ด์คํฌ๋ฆผ ๊ฐ
์น์ฆ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ
ํ ๋ฒ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ
ํ๋ ์น ํ๋ผ์ด์ฆ
๊ฐ
์ฝ ๋ผ ์ปต
์ปค ํผ ์
์ฐ ์ ์ปต
ํ ์ฐจ ์
ํฉ ๊ณ ์
4. ์์ด์คํฌ๋ฆผ ๊ฐ
์น์ฆ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ
ํ ๋ฒ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ
ํ๋ ์น ํ๋ผ์ด์ฆ
๊ฐ
์ฝ ๋ผ ์ปต
์ปค ํผ ์
์ฐ ์ ์ปต
ํ ์ฐจ ์
ํฉ ๊ณ ์
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Task 7: Writing
Complete the dialogue: You are looking for a newspaper at a kiosk.
1. ์ฝ๋ฆฌ์ ํค๋ด๋: ์น ๋ฐฑ ์
2. ์ฝ๋ฆฌ์ ํ์์ฆ : ์น ๋ฐฑ ์
3. ์กฐ์ ์ผ๋ณด: ์ก๋ฐฑ ์
4. ํ๊ตญ์ผ๋ณด: ์ก๋ฐฑ ์
5. ํ๊ฒจ๋ ์ ๋ฌธ: ์ก๋ฐฑ ์
์ ์: ์ด์ ์ค์ธ์. (Welcome)
๋ญ ์ฐพ์ผ์ธ์? (What are you looking for?)
์๋: ํ๊ฒจ๋ ์ ๋ฌธ ?
์ ์: ๋ค, ์์ต๋๋ค.
์๋: ์ผ๋ง์์?
์ ์: ์์ ๋๋ค.
์๋: ์ฝ๋ฆฌ์ ํค๋ด๋ ?
์ ์: ๋ค, ์์ต๋๋ค.
์๋: ์ผ๋ง์์?
์ ์: .
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Telling the Time: # minutes
You have learnt that Pure Korean numbers and Sino-Korean numbers are
used for different things. When telling the time, both sets of numbers have to
be used. You have learnt how to say 1 oโclock, 2 oโclock, etc., with Pure
Korean numbers. Now that we have introduced Sino-Korean numbers, the
way to specify the minutes of the time will be explained.
Sino Korean numbers are used for the minutes of the time:
์ธ ์ ์ญ์ค ๋ถ 3:15
To say a specific time, including how many minutes โpastโ, simply add the
number of minutes followed by the word ๋ถ (minutes) after the hour, so you
have something like โthree oโclock and fifteen minutesโ.
Examples:
(1) A: ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์? What is the time (now)?
B: ์ธ ์ ์ญ์ค ๋ถ์ด์์. It is 3:15.
(2) A: ์์ ์ด ์ธ์ ๋๋์?* What time does the class finish?
B: ๋ค ์ ์ค์ญ์ค ๋ถ์ ๋๋์. It ends at 4:55.
(๋๋์ is pronounced "kkeunnayo".)
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Task 8: Listening
โ You are going to hear more dialogue on the time. "์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?"
"12์ 30๋ถ์ด์์." Write down the time that you hear in Korean. Ready?
Listen!
1. ์ด ๋ ์ ์ผ ์ญ ๋ถ์ด์์. 2. ์ ๋ถ์ด์์.
3. ์ ๋ถ์ด์์. 4. ์ ๋ถ์ด์์.
5. ์ ๋ถ์ด์์. 6. ์ ๋ถ์ด์์.
7. ์ ๋ถ์ด์์. 8. ์ ๋ถ์ด์์.
9. ์ ๋ถ์ด์์. 10. ์ ๋ถ์ด์์.
11. ์ ๋ถ์ด์์. 12. ์ ๋ถ์ด์์.
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Situation Dialogue 2
Minseo is buying fruit at a market.
๋ฏผ์: ์ , ์์ ์จ, ์ฌ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ง์์?
๊ฐ๊ฒ ์ฃผ์ธ: ํ ๊ฐ์ ์ฒ ์์ด์์.
๋ฏผ์: ๊ทธ๋ผ, ์ด ํฌ๋๋ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ํด์?
๊ฐ๊ฒ ์ฃผ์ธ: ํฌ๋ก์ ์ฌ์ฒ ์์ธ๋ฐ์.
๋ฏผ์: ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด, ๋ฐฐ๋์?
๊ฐ๊ฒ ์ฃผ์ธ: ํ ๊ฐ์ ์ผ์ฒ ์์ธ๋ฐ์.
๋ฏผ์: ๋๋ฌด ๋น์ธ์. ์ข ๊น์ ์ฃผ์ธ์.
๊ฐ๊ฒ ์ฃผ์ธ: ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด, ์ด์ฒํ๋ฐฑ ์๋ง ๋ด์ธ์.
๋ฏผ์: ์... ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด, ๋ฐฐ ์ธ ๊ฐ ์ฃผ์ธ์.
Romanisation and Translation
Minseo: Jeo, ajeossi, sagwa
eolmayeyo?
Excuse me, (Lit. Hey there old
man/uncle,) how much are the
apples?
Shopkeeper: Han gaee cheon wonieyo. Theyโre 1,000 won each.
Minseo: Geureom, i podoneun
eotteoke haeyo?
How much are these grapes
then?
Shopkeeper: Killoe Sacheon wonindeyo. Theyโre 4,000 won per kilo.
Minseo: Geureomyeon, baeneunyo? Well then, what about the
pears?
Shopkeeper: Han gaee samcheon
wonindeyo.
Theyโre 3,000 won each.
Minseo: Neomu bissayo.
Jom kkakka juseyo.
Thatโs too expensive. Can you
give me a discount? (Lit. Please
lower the price a little.)
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Shopkeeper: Geureomyeon, icheon
palbaek wonman naeseyo.
Well then, just give me 2,800
won.
Minseo: Eum... geureomyeon, bae se
gae juseyo.
Umโฆ then, I will take three
pears, please.
Vocabulary
์ผ๋ง์์? [์ผ๋ง how much+์์ is] How much is it?
ํ ๊ฐ์ [ํ ๊ฐ one unit+์ per] per unit
์ฒ ์ 1,000 won
์ด๋ป๊ฒ ํด์? [์ด๋ป๊ฒ how ํด์?do?]
How much โฆ? (Lit. How do sell (per bunch or per kilo?))
ํฌ๋ก์ [ํฌ๋ก kilo+์ per] per kilo
์ฌ์ฒ [์ฌ four ์ฒ thousand] 4,000
์ธ๋ฐ์ [์ด am/are/is+ใด๋ฐ์ (soft sentence ending)] is
์ผ์ฒ [์ผ three ์ฒ thousand] 3,000
๋๋ฌด too
๋น์ธ์ [๋น์ธ expensive+์์(present tense ending)] expensive
์ข a bit
๊น์ ์ฃผ์ธ์ [๊น reduce+์ ์ฃผ์ธ์(please)] please reduce
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด well then; in that case
์ด์ฒํ๋ฐฑ [์ด two ์ฒ thousand ํ eight ๋ฐฑ hundred] 2,800
+๋ง only; just
๋ด์ธ์ [๋ด pay+์ธ์(honorific present tense ending)]
please pay
์ธ ๊ฐ three units
์ฃผ์ธ์ [์ฃผ give+์ธ์(honorific present tense ending)]
(please) give
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Note 1: Male shopkeepers are addressed as ์์ ์จ. Older female
shopkeepers are addressed as ์์ค๋ง. Younger female shopkeepers
are sometimes called ์ธ๋ by females, which literally means older
sister. However, they are hardly ever called ๋๋ by males, which
also means older sister but to a male. Males will simply call out
"yeogiyo" (literally Over here!) if they need to catch a young
female staff memberโs attention.
Note 2: When ordering something in a shop in English, we often use a
phrase like โCan I have this pleaseโ. But in Korean you use โ...
์ฃผ์ธ์โ, which literally means โPlease give me ...โ
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Rate and Ratio Particle +์ โperโ
When we are using numbers, we often want to specify a price or an amount in
terms of another quantity. (For example $10 per kilo, 2000 calories per
person, 3 times per week, lemons are $2 for 3.) To do this in Korean, add the
particle +์ to the unit of measurement (the quantity which comes after โperโ
in English). This amount comes before the rate (price, etc.) amount in
Korean.
1 ํฌ๋ก์ 10 ๋ฌ๋ฌ 10 dollars per kilo
Examples:
(1) ์๋: ์ ํฌ๋ ์ผ๋ง์์? How much are those grapes?
์ ์: ์ผ ํฌ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์
๊ตฌ์ฒ ์์ด์์.
9,000 won per kilogram.
(2) ์๋: ์ ๋ผ์ง๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์ผ ํฌ๋ก์
์ผ๋ง์์?
How much is one kilo of
that pork?
์ ์: ์ผ ํฌ๋ก์ ์ก์ฒ ์์ด์์. 6,000 won per kilo.
(3) ์๋: ์๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์ผ๋ง์์? How much is the beef?
์ ์: ์ก๋ฐฑ ๊ทธ๋จ์*
์ค๋ง ์์ด์์.
50,000 won for 600 grams.
(600g (์ก๋ฐฑ ๊ทธ๋จ) is often used (rather than 1 kilogram or 500 grams)
because it approximates an old Korean measure.)
(4) ์๋: ์ ์ฌ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ง์์? How much are the apples?
์ ์: ์ธ ๊ฐ์ ๋ง ์์ด์์. 10,000 won for 3.
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Delimiter Particle +๋ง โonlyโ
The particle +๋ง is used when you want to say โonlyโ or โjustโ (e.g. I paid just
10 dollars, only 3 people came, give me just one ticket, I only went to
Brisbane.). +๋ง comes straight after the noun it refers to. As it is a particle,
you do not leave a space between the noun and ๋ง when you write it.
(1) ์๋: ๋๋ฌด ๋น์ธ์. Theyโre too expensive.
์ข ๊น์์ฃผ์ธ์. Could you give them to me
a bit cheaper?
๊ฐ๊ฒ ์ฃผ์ธ: ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด, ์ด์ฒํ๋ฐฑ ์๋ง
๋ด์ธ์.
Then just 2,800 won each.
(Lit. please pay just 2,800
won.)
(2) ๊ฐ๊ฒ ์ฃผ์ธ: ์ด ์ฌ๊ณผ๋ ๋๋ฆด๊น์. Shall I give you these
apples too?
์๋: ์๋์, ๋ฐฐ๋ง ์ฃผ์ธ์. No, just give me the pears.
(3) ๊ฐ๊ฒ์ฃผ์ธ: ์ฌ๊ธฐ ์์ต๋๋ค. Here it is.
์๋: ์ผ๋ง์์? How much is it?
์ฃผ์ธ: ํ๋ง ์๋ง ์ฃผ์ธ์. Make it 80,000 won. (Lit.
Give me just 80,000 won.)
์๋: ์น ๋ง ์๋ง ํด์. How about 70,000 won?
์ฃผ์ธ: ๊ทธ๋ฌ์ธ์. All right.
(4) ์ ์๋: ์ด์ ํํฐ์
๋ค๋ฅธ ํ์๋ค๋ ๊ฐ์ด์?
Did any other students go
to the party?
ํ์: ์๋์, ์ ๋ง ๊ฐ์ด์. No, only I went.
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(5) ์ ์๋: ํ ์์ผ๋ ๋*
์๋ฅด๋ฐ์ดํธํด์?
Are you working
(part-time) on Saturdays as
well?
ํ์: ์๋์, ๊ธ์์ผ์๋ง ํด์. No, I only work on
Fridays.
(ํ ์์ผ on its own means โSaturdayโ, so the ๋ (day) is completely
redundant. However, the two are often used together in colloquial
speech. If you wanted to specify that something happened in the
daytime, as in the colloquial English, โon Saturday dayโ, then you
would say โํ ์์ผ ๋ฎ์โ because the word โ๋ โ does not have the
connotation of daytime that the English word day does. ํ ์์ผ๋ is
pronounced โto-yo-il-lalโ.)
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Task 9: Writing
Read the dialogues and write down the prices next to each article. The first
one has been done for you.
a. book ๏ฟฆ 15,000 .
b. camera ๏ฟฆ .
c. apple ๏ฟฆ .
d. pear ๏ฟฆ .
e. grapes ๏ฟฆ .
1. ์๋: ์ด ์ฑ ์ผ๋ง์์?
์ ์: ๋ง ์ค์ฒ ์์ด์์.
2. ์๋: ์ด ์นด๋ฉ๋ผ ์ผ๋ง์์?
์ ์: ์ผ์ญ์ด๋ง ์น ์ฒ ์์ด์์.
3. ์๋: ์ , ์์ค๋ง, ์ฌ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ง์์?
๊ฐ๊ฒ ์ฃผ์ธ: ํ ๊ฐ์ ์ฒ์ฌ๋ฐฑ ์์ด์์.
์๋: ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด, ๋ฐฐ๋์?
๊ฐ๊ฒ ์ฃผ์ธ: ๋ ๊ฐ์ ์ค์ฒ ์์ด์์.
์๋: ๊ทธ๋ผ, ํฌ๋๋์?
๊ฐ๊ฒ ์ฃผ์ธ: ํฌ๋ก์ ์ค์ฒ ์์ด์์.
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Task 10: Role Play
Practise the following role play with a partner.
A: You are in a greengrocerโs. Ask the shop assistant the prices of the fruit
below and write them down in the appropriate blanks. When you have
finished, show your partner what you have written to check if you have
the prices correct.
B: You are a shop assistant in a greengrocerโs. Decide the price you would
like to receive for each item.
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ]
A: ์ , ์์ ์จ/์์ค๋ง ์ฌ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ง์์?
B: ์ธ ๊ฐ์ ๋ง ์์ด์์.
A: ๊ทธ๋ผ ํฌ๋๋์?
B: ์ผ ํฌ๋ก(๊ทธ๋จ)์ ๊ตฌ์ฒ ์์ด์์.
A: ๊ทธ๋ผ, ์ฌ๊ณผ ์ธ ๊ฐํ๊ณ ํฌ๋ ์ผ ํฌ๋ก(๊ทธ๋จ) ์ฃผ์ธ์.
์ฌ๊ณผ ๊ฐ
์
๋ฐฐ ๊ฐ
์
ํฌ๋ kg
์
์ค๋ ์ง kg
์
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Situation Dialogue 3
Minseo is buying a sweater at a department store.
๋ฏผ์: ์ ๊น๋ง ์ค์จํฐ ์ผ๋ง์์?
์ ์: ์ญํ๋ง ์์ธ๋ฐ์.
๋ฏผ์: ์ข ๋น์ธ๋ค์.
์... ๊ทธ๋ผ, ์ด ๋นจ๊ฐ ์ค์จํฐ๋์?
์ ์: ๊ตฌ๋ง ์ค์ฒ ์์ด์์.
๋ฏผ์: ์ข ๋ณด์ฌ ์ฃผ์ธ์.
์ ์: ์ฌ๊ธฐ ์์ด์. ๋ง์์ ๋์ธ์?1
๋ฏผ์: ๋ค, ์์๋ค์.
Romanisation and Translation
Minseo Jeo kkaman seuweteo
eolmayeyo?
How much is that black sweater?
Assistant Sippalman wonindeyo. Itโs 180,000 won.
Minseo Jom bissaneyo.
Eum...geureom, i ppalgan
seuweteoneunyo?
Oh, thatโs a bit expensive.
UmโฆWhat about this red
sweater then?
Assistant Guman ocheon wonieyo. Thatโs 95,000 won.
Minseo Jom boyeo juseyo. Can I have a look at it?
(Lit. Please show it to me.)
Assistant Yeogi isseoyo.
Maeume deuseyo?
Here it is.
Do you like it?
Minseo Ne, yeppeuneyo. Yes, it is pretty.
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Vocabulary
์ that (one over there)
๊น๋ง black
์ค์จํฐ sweater
์ผ๋ง์์? [์ผ๋ง how much+์์ am/are/is] How much is it?
์ญํ๋ง ์ 180,000 won
+์ธ๋ฐ์ [์ด am/are/is+ใด๋ฐ์ (soft sentence ending)] is
๋น์ธ๋ค์ [๋น์ธ expensive +๋ค์(polite) exclamatory ending]
expensive
์ด this
๋นจ๊ฐ red
๊ตฌ๋ง ์ค์ฒ ์ 95,000 won
์ข please; a bit
๋ณด์ฌ ์ฃผ์ธ์ [๋ณด์ด show+์ด ์ฃผ์ธ์ please] please show (it) to me
์ฌ๊ธฐ ์์ด์ [์ฌ๊ธฐ here ์ there is+์ด์(present tense ending)]
here it is
๋ง์์ ๋์ธ์? Does it appeal to you?
์์๋ค์ [์์ pretty; looks nice +๋ค์ (polite exclamatory
ending)] pretty
Note 1: You have previously learnt โ์ข์ํ์ธ์?โ However, when you are
buying things โ๋ง์์ ๋์ธ์?โ is used instead (Lit. โDoes it match with
your heart/feelings?โ). A shop assistant might also ask '์ฌ์ด์ฆ ๋ง์ผ์ธ์?โ
(Is the size right?).
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Demonstrative Pronouns: ์ด, ๊ทธ, ์ and ์ด๋
์ด (this) is used when you want to refer to something or someone located
close to you the speaker, ๊ทธ (that) to something or someone located not close
to you the speaker but to the listener, ์ (that over there) to something or
someone distant from both speaker and listener. The corresponding question
word is ์ด๋ (which).
์ด ์ฑ this book ์ด๊ฑฐ this (one) ์ฌ๊ธฐ here
๊ทธ ์ฑ that book ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ that (one); it ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ there
์ ์ฑ that book ์ ๊ฑฐ that (one) ์ ๊ธฐ over there
์ด๋ ์ฑ which book ์ด๋ ๊ฑฐ which (one) ์ด๋ where
Examples:
(1) A: ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์ฃผ์ธ์. Give me that one.
B: ์ด๋ ๊ฑฐ์? ์ด๊ฑฐ์? Which one? This one?
(2) A: ์ ๊ฑฐ ๋ญ์์? What is that (over there)?
B: ํ๊ตญ ํ์ด์์. Itโs a Korean mask.
(3) (A customer is talking to a shop assistant about buying a TV.)
์๋: ์ด ์ผ์ฑ LCD TV ์ผ๋ง์์? How much is this Samsung
LCD TV?
์ ์: ๋ฐฑ์ค๋ง ์์ด์์. Itโs 1,050,000 won.
์๋: ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด ์ LG ๋ ์ผ๋ง์์? Well then how much is that LG
over there?
์ ์: ๋ฐฑ์ญ๊ตฌ๋ง ์์ด์์. Itโs 1,190,000 won.
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Vocabulary: Colour Terms ์
์/์๊น colour
ํ์ ์/ํฐ ์ white
๊ฒ์ ์/๊น๋ง ์ black
๋นจ๊ฐ ์ red
ํ๋ ์ 1 blue
๋ ธ๋ ์ yellow
์ด๋ก์/๋ น์ green
๋ถํ์/ํํฌ์ 2 pink
์ฃผํฉ์/์ค๋ ์ง ์ orange
ํ์ grey
๋ฐค์ 3 brown
์์ฃผ์ purple
๋ณด๋ผ์ violet
๊ธ์ gold
์์ silver
๋ฌด์ง๊ฐ rainbow (๋นจ, ์ฃผ, ๋ ธ, ์ด, ํ, ๋จ (indigo), ๋ณด)
Note 1: ํ๋ ์ is also used sometimes to describe the colour green. In
ancient Korean there were only five pure colour words, so ํ๋ ์
was used to denote both blue and green.
Note 2: Younger people tend to use ํํฌ ์ rather than ๋ถํ ์, which has
an โold fashionedโ connotation.
Note 3: ๋ฐค์ literally means โchestnut colourโ.
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Task 11: Role Play
Practise the following role play with a partner.
A: You are a customer in a department store looking at the sweaters listed
below. You have a budget of only 65,000 ์. Choose a sweater and ask
the shop assistant the price. When you find one you can afford, then buy
it.
1. black sweater 2. brown sweater 3. red sweater 4. orange sweater
์ ์ ์ ์
5. white sweater 6. grey sweater 7. yellow sweater 8. purple sweater
์ ์ ์ ์
9. violet sweater 10. pink sweater 11. blue sweater 12. green sweater
์ ์ ์ ์
B: You are a shop assistant. Decide what prices you would like to charge
for the sweaters.
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ]
์์: ์ ๊น๋ง ์ค์จํฐ ์ผ๋ง์์?
์ ์: ํ๋ง ์ค์ฒ ์์ด์์.
์์: ์ข ๋น์ผ๋ฐ์. ๊ทธ๋ผ, ์ด ๋นจ๊ฐ์ค์จํฐ๋ ์ผ๋ง์์?
์ ์: ์ค๋ง ์ค์ฒ ์์ด์์.
์์: ์ข ๋ณด์ฌ ์ฃผ์ธ์.
์ ์: ์ฌ๊ธฐ ์์ด์. ๋ง์์ ๋์ธ์?
์์: ๋ค, ์์๋ค์.
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Vocabulary: Consumer Items
๋์ฅ๊ณ refrigerator
ํ ๋ ๋น์ television
์ธํ๊ธฐ washing machine
์ ๊ธฐ ๋๋ก electric heater
์ ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฅํต electric rice cooker
์ง๊ณต ์ฒญ์๊ธฐ vacuum cleaner
์นจ๋ bed
์ฑ ์ desk
์ํ sofa
์ฑ ์ฅ bookcase
์ปดํจํฐ computer
ํธ๋ํฐ/ํด๋ํฐ mobile phone
MP3 ํ๋ ์ด์ด MP3 player
๋์นด (๋์งํ ์นด๋ฉ๋ผ) digital camera
์ ์์ฌ์ electronic dictionary
์๊ณ watch
๊ตฌ๋ leather shoe
ํธ๋๋ฐฑ handbag
๋ฐ์ง ring
๋ชฉ๊ฑธ์ด necklace
๊ท๊ณ ๋ฆฌ earring
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Task 12: Word Check
Match the Korean to the English. The first one has been done for you.
a. ๊ตฌ๋ โ e. ๊ท๊ณ ๋ฆฌ i. ๋์ฅ๊ณ
b. ๋ชฉ๊ฑธ์ด f. ๋ฐ์ง j. ์ํ
c. ์๊ณ g. ์ฑ ์ k. ์ฑ ์ฅ
d. ์นจ๋ h. ํ ๋ ๋น์ l. ํธ๋๋ฐฑ
1. shoes ๊ตฌ๋ . 7. watch .
2. bed . 8. sofa .
3. bookcase . 9. ring .
4. television . 10. refrigerator .
5. desk . 11. handbag .
6. earrings . 12. necklace .
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Task 13: Listening
โ ๋ฌธํ (EXPONENT)
์ผ๋ง์์? How much is it?
A๋์/์์? How about A?
โ ํ์ ์ดํ (ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
๋์ฅ๊ณ refrigerator
์นจ๋ bed
์ฑ ์ desk
์ํ sofa
์ฑ ์ฅ bookcase
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด then
์นผ๋ผ ํ ๋ ๋น์ colour television
์๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค I see
๊ณ ๋ง์ต๋๋ค thank you
Sino-Korean numbers up to 200,000
์ฒ thousand
๋ง ten thousand
โ Sumi has come to Seoul to go to a university and has rented a flat. She
needs lots of household items. She has decided to buy second hand furniture.
Now, she is calling to find out the prices of some items shown in the
advertisement below. Write down the price next to each item that you hear.
Ready? Listen!
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์นผ๋ผ ํ ๋ ๋น์ ์ ์ธํ๊ธฐ(์ฉ๋3.0kg) 10๋ง ์
ํ ๋์ค ๋ผ์ผ 7์ฒ ์ ๋์ฅ๊ณ ์
์ปคํผ ํ ์ด๋ธ 2๋ง 3์ฒ ์ ์ ๊ธฐ ๋๋ก 3๋ง 5์ฒ ์
์ํ ์ โ 7556-3440
โ 8565-3740 ์ง๊ณต ์ฒญ์๊ธฐ 4๋ง 2์ฒ ์
๋ผ๋์ค 5๋ง ์ ์นจ๋ ์
์นผ 3์ฒ ์ ์ ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฅํต 9์ฒ ์
โ 6985-7643 ์ฑ ์ฅ 100 x 200 cm ์
์ปดํจํฐ ์ฑ ์ ๋ง 5์ฒ ์ โ 5388-9155
ํ์๊ธฐ 6๋ง ์ ์ปดํจํฐ 386DX40 70๋ง ์
์ฑ ์ 80x150cm ์ MP3 ํ๋ ์ด์ด 8๋ง ์
โ 4387-2513
FM/AM
์คํ ๋ ์ค ๋ผ๋์ค 9๋ง 5์ฒ ์
ํผ์๋ ธ 75๋ง ์ โ 3736-1884
์์ ๊ฑฐ (5๋จ) 7๋ง ์ ์คํ ๋ฐ์ด 50๋ง ์
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Task 14: Web Task
Visit the ์ด๋งํธ (EยทMart) web site and find the prices of 5 items you want to
buy: http://www.emart.co.kr
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Task 15: Word Check
Select the odd one out in the following group of words. The first one has been
done for you.
1. ๊ตฌ๋ ๊ท๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ๋์ฅ๊ณ โ ๋ชฉ๊ฑธ์ด
2. ๋ฐ์ง ์ํ ์์ ์ฑ ์
3. ์ฑ ์ฅ ์นจ๋ ํ ๋ ๋น์ ํธ๋๋ฐฑ
4. ๊ฒ์ ์ ๋ ธ๋ ์ ํ๋์ ๋นจ๊ฐ ์
5. ๋ธ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฐ ํฌ๋ ์ฌ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ค
6. ํธ์ฃผ ์์ด ์ค๊ตญ ํ๊ตญ
7. ํ๊ตญ์ด ์ผ๋ณธ์ด ์ค๊ตญ์ด ๋ ์ผ
8. ์ํ ์ผ๊ณฑ ์ด์ญ ์ฌ์ฏ
9. ์ฌ์ ์ฑ ์ ๋ฌธ ํ ๋ ๋น์
10. ๋ฐฑ ์ฒ ๋ ๋ง
11. ์ด์ญ ์ค๋ฌผ ํ๋ ์๋ฅธ
12. ์ ์ดํ๋ ๋งํ ์ค์ญ
13. ๋ค์ฏ ์ค ์ญ์น ๊ตฌ์ญ
14. ๋ฌ ์ ์ผ ๋
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Task 16: Reading
1. Read the following text from beginning to end without stopping, even if
you come across vocabulary that you donโt know. Try to guess the meaning
through the context.
2. If you still have words that you donโt know after you have tried guessing
from the context, ask your classmates. You will probably be able to
understand most of the new vocabulary using this method.
3. Ask your teacher about any remaining unknown vocabulary.
(Susan has come to Korea on an exchange program and wrote the following
email to her Korean teacher in Australia.)
์ ๋ ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต์ ๊ตํํ์์ผ๋ก ์์ด์.
์ด์ ๋ ์น๊ตฌ๋ค์ด๋ ์๋น์์ ์ ์ฌ ๋จน์์ด์.
๋ถ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน์๋๋ฐ ๊ฝค ๋น์์ด์! ์ผ ์ธ๋ถ์ 18,000 ์์ด์์ด์.
์ค๋์ ํ๊ต ์๋น์์ ์ ์ฌ ๋จน์์ด์. ๋น๋น๋ฐฅ์ ๋จน์์ด์.
๊ทผ๋ฐ ์์ฃผ ์์ด์!
ํ๊ต ์๋น์์๋ ์์ฌ๊ฐ 1,250 ์๋ถํฐ 4,000 ์๊น์ง์์!
์ค๋ ์คํ์ ์น๊ตฌ๋ ์ปคํผ์์ ๊ฐ์ด์. ๋ผ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ง์ จ์ด์.
์คํ๋ฒ ์ค์ธ๋ฐ ๋๊ฒ ๋น์์ด์. ์ ๋ผ๋ผ๋ 5,500 ์์ด์์ด์.
๊ทธ๋์ ํ๊ตญ์์ ๋ํ์๋ค์ ์ํผ์์ ์ปคํผ๋ฅผ ๋ง์ด ์ฌ์. ๋ ์ธ๊ฑฐ๋ ์.
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Vocabulary
์ ๋ [์ I(humble)+๋(topic particle)] I
์์ธ๋ํ๊ต์ [์์ธ Seoul ๋ํ๊ต Uni+์ to] to Seoul (National) Univ.
๊ตํํ์์ผ๋ก [๊ตํ exchange ํ์ student+์ผ๋ก as]
as an exchange student
์์ด์ [์ค come+์์ด์(past tense ending)] came
์ด์ ๋ [์ด์ yesterday+๋(topic particle)] yesterday
์น๊ตฌ๋ค์ด๋ [์น๊ตฌ friend ๋ค(plural suffix)+์ด๋ with] with friends
์๋น์์ [์๋น restaurant+์์ at] at a restaurant
์ ์ฌ lunch
๋จน์์ด์ [๋จน eat+์์ด์(past tense ending)] ate
+์/๋ฅผ object particles
๋จน์๋๋ฐ [๋จน eat+์(past tense infix)๋๋ฐ(connector for adding
extra information)] ate and
๊ฝค ๋น์์ด์ [๊ฝค quite ๋น์ธ expensive+์์ด์(past tense ending)]
was quite expensive
์ผ ์ธ๋ถ์ [์ผ ์ธ๋ถ one serving+์ per] per serving
+์ด์์ด์ past tense form of +์ด์์
์ค๋์ [์ค๋ today+์(topic particle)] today
+์์ at; in
๊ทผ๋ฐ well; and
์์ฃผ ์์ด์ [์์ฃผ very ์ธ inexpensive+์์ด์(past tense ending)]
was very cheap
์๋น์์๋ [์๋น restaurant+์์ at+๋(topic particle)]
at the restaurant
์์ฌ๊ฐ [์์ฌ meal+๊ฐ(subject particle)] meals
+๋ถํฐ +๊น์ง fromโฆ toโฆ
+์์ am; is; are
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์คํ์ [์คํ afternoon+์(time particle)] in the afternoon
+๋ with
๊ฐ์ด์ [๊ฐ go+์์ด์(past tense ending)] went
๋ผ๋ผ (cafรฉ) latte
๋ง์ จ์ด์ [๋ง์ drink+์์ด์(past tense ending)] drank
+์ธ๋ฐ [+์ด am/are/is+ใด๋ฐ(connector for adding extra
information)] (it) was โฆ and
๋๊ฒ ๋น์์ด์ [๋๊ฒ extremely ๋น์ธ expensive+์์ด์(past tense
ending)] was extremely expensive
์ my
๊ทธ๋์ So; therefore
๋ํ์๋ค์ [๋ํ์ uni student+๋ค(plural suffix)+์(topic particle)]
uni students
๋ ์ธ๊ฑฐ๋ ์ [๋ more ์ธ inexpensive+๊ฑฐ๋ ์ because] โCause (it) is
cheaper
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10 ์ ๊ณต์ด ๋ญ์์?
Unit Focus:
Talking About Yourself and Your Family
o Expressing Your Age
o Addressing Peers at School: ๋ณตํ์
o Education System in Korea
o Vocabulary: Faculties and Departments
o Word Contractions
o Vocabulary: Family ๊ฐ์กฑ
o Honorific Subject and Topic Particles
o Possessive Pronouns
o Vocabulary: Occupations ์ง์
o โฆ +์ด/๊ฐ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์?
โWould you mind telling me โฆ?โ
o Sending a Text Message
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Situation Dialogue 1
Hyeonu introduces Minjun to Paul who is younger than both of them.
๋ฏผ์ค: ํ๊ตญ์ด ์ ๋ง ์ํ๋ค์.
์ด๋์ ๋ฐฐ์ ์ด์?
ํด: ํ๊ตญ์ด ์ ๊ณตํด์.
๋ฏผ์ค: ์, ์ด์ฉ์ง. ๊ทธ๋ผ ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ํ๋ ์ด์์?
ํด: 2 ํ๋ ์ธ๋ฐ์.
๋ฏผ์ค: ํน์ ๋ช ๋ ์์ด์์?
ํด: 92 ๋ ์์ด์.
ํ์ฐ: ์, ์ฐ๋ฆฐ 89 ๋ ์์ธ๋ฐ.
ํด: ๊ทธ๋ผ ํ์ด๋ค์.
ํ์ฐ: ๊ทธ๋ฌ๊ฒ.
ํด: ๊ทธ๋ผ ๋ง ๋์ผ์ธ์.
๋ฏผ์ค: ๊ทธ๋๋ ๋ผ์?
ํด: ๊ทธ๋ผ์.
Romanisation and Translation
Minjun: Hangugeo jeongmal jal haneyo.
Eodiseo baewosseoyo?
Your Korean is really good.
Where did you learn it?
Paul: Hangugeo jeongonghaeyo. Iโm majoring in Korean.
Minjun: A~eojjeonji. Geureom jigeum
myeot hangnyeonieyo?
Ah~ No wonder. What year are
you in (at university)?
Paul: I hangnyeonindeyo. Iโm in second year.
Minjun: Hoksi myeot nyeon saengieyo? Do you mind telling me what
year you were born?
Paul: Gui nyeondo saengiyo. I was born in โ92.
Minjun: A~ urin palgu nyeon saenginde. Ah~ We were born in โ89.
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Paul: Geureom hyeongineyo. Then youโre my hyeong. (A
maleโs older brother)
Minjun: Geureoge. I suppose. (Lit. Thatโs right.)
Paul: Geureom mal noeuseyo. Then you should use panmal
with me.(Lit. relax your speech).
Minjun: Geuraedo dwaeyo? Is that alright?
Paul: Geureomyo. Of course.
Vocabulary
ํ๊ตญ์ด Korean (language)
์ ๋ง really
์ํ๋ค์ [์ํ good at+๋ค์(exclamatory ending)] good at
์ด๋์ [์ด๋ where+(์)์(location particle)] where
๋ฐฐ์ ์ด์ [๋ฐฐ์ฐ learn+์์ด์(past tense ending)] learnt
์ ๊ณตํด์. [์ ๊ณตํ์ ๊ณตํด์(present tense form)] major in
์ด์ฉ์ง no wonder; so thatโs why
๊ทธ๋ผ well then; in that case
์ง๊ธ now
๋ช ํ๋ [๋ช what ํ๋ school year] what school year
๋ช ํ๋ is pronounced myeo-tang-nyeon.
+์ด์์ am/are/is
2 ํ๋ [์ด two ํ๋ school year] second year (at school/uni)
+์ธ๋ฐ์ [์ด am/are/is+ใด๋ฐ์ (polite soft ending)] is
ํน์ if by any chance;
๋ช ๋ ์ [๋ช ๋ what year + ์ born in]
92 ๋ ์ born in โ92
+์ด์ polite ending, added to incomplete sentences, such as
one-word answers, in casual speech
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์ฐ๋ฆฐ [์ฐ๋ฆฌ we+ใด(topic particle)] we
์ธ๋ฐ [์ด am/are/is+ใด๋ฐ(casual soft ending)] are
ํ older brother (of a male)
์ด๋ค์ [์ด am/are/is+๋ค์(ending used when you have just
realised something)] are
๊ทธ๋ฌ๊ฒ thatโs right
๋ง ๋์ผ์ธ์ (You can) use less formal speech.
๊ทธ๋๋ ๋ผ์? Would that be okay?
๊ทธ๋ผ์ [๊ทธ๋ผ of course+์(polite ending, added to incomplete
sentences, such as one-word answers, in casual speech)]
yes certainly
Note 1: In Korea, students donโt talk about studying Arts or Science, but
identify themselves by their department.
Note 2: Asking a person's age is quite common in Korea as they need to
know the hierarchy and status for using right form of speech.
Asking which year someone was born in is the most common way
to ask about age. However, when people feel uneasy to ask
someoneโs age, they ask what Asian zodiac animal he or she is. As
there are twelve zodiac animals, it isnโt difficult to then guess the
personโs age.
Note 3: Koreans would not normally thank a person for a compliment as in
English, because it is considered immodest. Instead, they might say
โ์์ง ์ ๋ชปํด์โ (I still canโt do it well) or โ์ํ๊ธฐ๋์โ (far
from doing it well).
Example
A: ํ๊ตญ์ด ์ ๋ง ์ํ๋ค์. Your Korean is really good.
B: ์์ง ์ ๋ชปํด์. I still canโt do it well.
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Expressing Your Age
There are two ways of expressing a personโs age in Korean.
1. Pure Korean Number ์ด
2. Sino-Korean Number ์ธ
The first way is normally used in everyday speech. The second is used in
more formal situations, such as filling out forms:
(1) ์์์ ์ค๋ฌด ์ด์ด์์. Susan is twenty years old.
(2) ์ด๋ฆ: ์์ Name: Susan
๋์ด: 20 (์ด์ญ) ์ธ. Age: 20 years
(Note that Sino-Korean numbers are more often written as digits.)
The pure Korean numbers are provided below. Refer to Unit 9 for
Sino-Korean numbers.
ํ๋ 1 ๋ 2 ์ 3 ๋ท 4 ๋ค์ฏ 5
์ฌ์ฏ 6 ์ผ๊ณฑ 7 ์ฌ๋ 8 ์ํ 9 ์ด 10
์ดํ๋ 11 ์ด๋ 12 ์ด์ 13 ์ด๋ท 14 ์ด๋ค์ฏ 15
์ด์ฌ์ฏ 16 ์ด์ผ๊ณฑ 17 ์ด์ฌ๋ 18 ์ด์ํ 19 ์ค๋ฌผ 20
์๋ฅธ 30 ๋งํ 40 ์ฐ 50 ์์ 60 ์ผํ 70
์ฌ๋ 80 ์ํ 90
As previously noted, a modified form of ํ๋, ๋, ์ , ๋ท and ์ค๋ฌผ is used in
conjunction with counting nouns such as ์ด: ํ ์ด, ๋ ์ด, ์ธ ์ด, ๋ค ์ด, ์ค๋ฌด
์ด. No other numbers are modified. Thus, you would say ๋ค์ฏ ์ด or ์ฌ๋ ์ด.
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Addressing Peers at School: ๋ณตํ์
Between first and second year in university most Korean males spend about
two years in the military (๊ตฐ๋) doing national service. This means that when
they return to university for second year, they may be much older than others
in the same level. These students are called ๋ณตํ์ or returning students.
Younger students in the same year level would address ๋ณตํ์ respectfully
because of their age, unless the level of intimacy between them allowed
otherwise.
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Education System in Korea
Education in Korea is considered very important and competition is great.
School begins with kindergarten through primary school (excluding prep)
and on to middle and senior high schools, which are separate unlike in
Australia. Although only six years of primary school and three years of
middle school are compulsory, most Koreans will also attend the three years
of senior high school as well.
Tertiary education consists of four years of University or two years of
vocational collage. Unlike Australia, Korean Universities do not offer an
Honours year although there are postgraduate schools where students can
study Masters or a Ph.D.
The school year is divided into two semesters for early schooling as well as
tertiary education. The first semester begins in March and lasts until mid-July
and the second from September 1st till late-December.
Education System
์ ์น์ kindergarten ๊ณ ๋ฑํ๊ต senior high school
์ด๋ฑํ๊ต primary school ๋ํ๊ต university
์คํ๊ต middle school ๋ํ์ postgraduate school
Level of Study
์ผ ํ๋ first year ์ฌ ํ๋ fourth year
์ด ํ๋ second year ์์ฌ ๊ณผ์ masters course
์ผ ํ๋ third year ๋ฐ์ฌ ๊ณผ์ Ph.D course
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Task 1: ๋ช ํ๋ ์ด์์?
You are going to ask about the year of university and age of your classmates.
First you should check the vocabulary list below to find how to say the level
of study relevant to yourself. Now move around the class asking questions to
the other students, filling in the table below.
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ]
A: ๋ช ํ๋ ์ด์์?
B: [ 3 ํ๋ ] ์ด์์.
ํน์ ๋ช ๋ ์์ด์์?
A: ๋/์ [ 2 ] ํ๋ , [ 91 ] ๋ ์์ด์์.
Note: Someone who was born in the year 2000 would have to say ์ด์ฒ ๋
์ whereas someone born in 1987 can simply use the two last digits: ํ์น ๋
์.
Level of Study
์ผ ํ๋ first year ์ฌ ํ๋ fourth year
์ด ํ๋ second year ์์ฌ ๊ณผ์ masters course
์ผ ํ๋ third year ๋ฐ์ฌ ๊ณผ์ Ph.D course
Name (์ด๋ฆ) Level (ํ๋ ) Age (๋์ด)
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Situation Dialogue 2
Paul is asking Minjun how he knows Hyeonu.
๋ฏผ์ค: ๊ทธ๋ผ ์ด์ ๋ถํฐ ๋ง ๋์๊ฒ.
ํด: ๋ค, ํ. ๊ทผ๋ฐ ํ์ฐ๋, ์๋ ํ์ฐํ์ด๋ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ์์์?
๋ฏผ์ค: ๊ณ ๋ฑํ๊ต ๋์ฐฝ์ด์ผ.
ํด: ๋... ๋ญ์?
๋ฏผ์ค: ์ด, ๋์ฐฝ๏ผ๊ณ ๋ฑํ๊ต ๊ฐ์ด ๋ค๋ ์ด.
ํด: ์, ๊ทธ๋ ๊ตฌ๋.
๊ทผ๋ฐ ํ๊ตญ์์๋ ์ด๋ ๋ํ ๋ค๋ ์ด์?
๋ฏผ์ค: ๊ณ ๋ ค๋ํ๊ต.
ํด: ์ ๊ณต์์?
๋ฏผ์ค: ์ ๊ณต์ ๊ฒฝ์. ๋ ์ ๊ณต์ด ๋ญ๋?
ํด: ๊ฒฝ์ ํ๊ณ ํ๊ตญ์ด์.
Romanisation and Translation
Minjun: Geureom ijebuteo mal noeulge. Well, I will start using Banmal
(less formal language) from now
on.
Paul: Ne, hyeong. Geunde
hyeonurang, ani hyeonu
hyeongirang eotteoke arayo?
Yes, Hyeong. Hey how do you
know Hyeonu, I mean Hyeong
Hyeonu?
Minjun: High School dongchangiya. We are fellow alumni from high
school.
Paul: Dongโฆ mwoyo? Fellow what?
Minjun: Eo, dongchang๏ผ
Godeunghakgyo gachi
danyeosseo.
Oh, fellow alumni.
We went to high school together.
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Paul: A, geureokuna. Geunde
hangugeseoneun eoneu daehak
danyeosseoyo?
Oh, thatโs how. Hey, what
Korean university did you go to?
Minjun: Korea Univ. Korea University.
Paul: Jeongongeunyo? And your major?
Minjun: Jeongongeun gyeongyeong.
Neon jeongongi mwonya?
Business management.
Whatโs your major?
Paul: Gyeongjehago hangugeoyo. Economics and Korean.
Vocabulary
๊ทธ๋ผ well then; in that case
์ด์ ๋ถํฐ [์ด์ now+๋ถํฐ from] from now on
๋ง ๋์๊ฒ I will use less formal language
๊ทผ๋ฐ but; by the way
ํ older brother (for a male)
+(์ด)๋ with
์๋ nah, I mean (used when correcting what you have just said)
์ด๋ป๊ฒ how
์์์ [์ know+์์(present tense ending)] know
๊ณ ๋ฑํ๊ต senior high school
๋์ฐฝ fellow alumni
+์ด์ผ casual form of +์ด์์
๋ญ์? [๋ญ what+์?(polite ending)] what?
๊ฐ์ด together
๋ค๋ ์ด [๋ค๋ attend+์์ด(casual past tense ending)] attended
์, ๊ทธ๋ ๊ตฌ๋ ah, so itโs like that
ํ๊ตญ์์๋ [ํ๊ตญ Korea+์์ in+๋(topic particle)] in Korea
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์ด๋ what; which
๋ํ university (or ๋ํ๊ต)
๋ค๋ ์ด์ [๋ค๋ attend+์์ด์( polite past tense ending)] attended
๊ณ ๋ ค๋ํ๊ต Korea University
์ ๊ณต major
๊ฒฝ์(ํ) business management
๊ฒฝ์ (ํ) economics
+ํ๊ณ and
ํ๊ตญ์ด Korean (language)
Note: ๋ฐ๋ง (banmal) is made up of ๋ฐ, which means โhalfโ and ๋ง which
means โspeechโ and refers to the casual form you have been studying.
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Vocabulary: Faculties and Departments
๋ฌธ๊ณผ๋ Faculty of Arts
์ด๊ณต๋ Faculty of Science
์๋ Faculty of Medicine
๋ฒ๋ Faculty of Law
๊ฒฝ์๋ Faculty of Business
์ฌ๋ฒ๋ Faculty of Education
์ ์๊ณ์ฐํ๊ณผ Department of Computer Science
์ ๋ฌธ ๋ฐฉ์กํ๊ณผ Department of Media Communication
์ ์น ์ธ๊ตํ๊ณผ Department of Political Science and Diplomacy
์์ด ์๋ฌธํ๊ณผ Department of English Language and Literature
๋ถ์ด ๋ถ๋ฌธํ๊ณผ Department of French Language and Literature
๊ตญ์ด ๊ตญ๋ฌธํ๊ณผ Department of Korean Language and Literature
๊ตญ์ด๊ต์ก๊ณผ Department of Korean Language Education
์์์ํ๊ณผ Department of Asian Languages and Studies
๊ฒฝ์ ํ๊ณผ Department of Economics
๊ฒฝ์ํ๊ณผ Department of Business Adminstration
Note: To talk about a particular Major of Study, the above vocabulary is used
without ๊ณผ (Department): ๊ฒฝ์ ํ(economics major).
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Task 2: ์ ๊ณต์ด ๋ญ์์?
Fill in the blanks of the example dialogue below with an appropriate response.
If you donโt know the name of your major in Korean, you can refer to the list
of faculties and departments on the previous page. The department names can
be made into subject names by taking off the ๊ณผ. Now move around the class
introducing yourself to the other students and filling in the table below.
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ]
A: ์ด๋ ๋ํ๊ต ๋ค๋ ์?
B: [ ์ฐ์ธ๋ํ๊ต ](์ด)์.
A: ์ ๊ณต์์?
B: [ ์ ๋ฌธ๋ฐฉ์กํ ](์ด)์.
A: ๋ [ ] ๋ํ๊ต ๋ค๋ ์.
์ ๊ณต์ [ ]์ด์์/์์.
Name (์ด๋ฆ) Major (์ ๊ณต)
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Word Contractions Koreans, like Australians, like to shorten words by contracting them. This is
particularly noticeable with university names as shown below:
์ค์คํธ๋ ์ผ๋ฆฌ์ or ํธ์ฃผ (Australia)
Victoria University Vic Uni
University of Queensland UQ
ํ๊ตญ
๊ณ ๋ ค ๋ํ๊ต ๊ณ ๋
์ฐ์ธ ๋ํ๊ต ์ฐ๋
์์ธ ๋ํ๊ต ์์ธ๋
It is also common to use contractions for the library names at university since
there is usually more than one:
์ค์ ๋์๊ด ์ค๋ (Main Library)
๊ณผํ ๋์๊ด ๊ณผ๋ (Science Library)
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Situation Dialogue 3
Paul is asking Minjunโs family details.
ํด: ์ง์ด ์์ธ์ด์์?
๋ฏผ์ค: ์ด~
ํด: ์์ธ ์ด๋์?
๋ฏผ์ค: ์ ์ฌ๋... ๊ทผ๋ฐ ์?
ํด: ์๋์์. ๊ทธ๋ฅ ๊ถ๊ธํด์์. ๊ฐ์กฑ์์? ๋ค ๊ฐ์ด ์ด์์?
๋ฏผ์ค: ๊ฐ์กฑ?
์... ๋ถ๋ชจ๋์ ๋์ ์ ๊ณ์๊ณ , ์์ธ์๋ ์ฌ๋์ํ๊ณ ๋ง ์ด์.
ํด: ์, ๊ทธ๋ ๊ตฌ๋. ๋ฒ์จ ์๊ฐ์ด ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ๋๋ค. ์ ๊ฐ ๋ณผ๊ฒ์.
ํ์ฐ: ๊ทธ๋, ์กฐ์ฌํด์ ๊ฐ.
Romanisation and Translation
Paul: Jibi seourieyo? Are you from Seoul?
Minjun: Eo~ Yeah.
Paul: Seoul eodiyo? Where in Seoul?
Minjun: Sinsa-dong... Geunde wae? Sinsa Dongโฆ Why?
Paul: Anieyo. Geunyang gunggeumhaeseoyo. Gajogeunyo? Da gachi sarayo?
No reason. Just curious. What about your family? Do you all live together?
Minjun: Gajok? Eum... Bumonimeun daejeone gyesigo, seoureneun yeodongsaenghagoman sara.
Family? Umโฆ My parents are in Daejeon, Iโm just living with my younger sister in Seoul.
Paul: A, geureokuna. Oh. (Lit. So thatโs how it is.)
Paul: Beolsseo sigani ireoke dwaenne. Jeo ga bolgeyo.
Time has flown. (Lit. already this much.) I have to go. (Lit. I will go.)
Minjun: Geurae, josimhaeseo ga. Ok, take care. (Lit. be careful on your way)
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Vocabulary
๊ทธ๋ฅ no reason
์ง์ด [์ง house+์ด(subject particle)] house
์์ธ Seoul
+์ด์์ am/are/is
์ด yeah
์ด๋์? [์ด๋ where +์(polite ending)] where?
์ ์ฌ๋ S(h)insa Dong
๊ทผ๋ฐ ์? but why?
์๋์์ am/are/is not; no; no reason
๊ทธ๋ฅ just
๊ถ๊ธํด์์ [๊ถ๊ธํ curious๊ถ๊ธํด์(์) curious, soโฆ] itโs because
Iโm curious
๊ฐ์กฑ์์? [๊ฐ์กฑ family+์์ what aboutโฆ?]
what about your family?
๋ค ๊ฐ์ด [๋ค all ๊ฐ์ด together] all together
์ด์์ [์ด live+์์(present tense ending)] live
๋ถ๋ชจ๋์ [๋ถ๋ชจ parents+๋(honorific suffix)+์(topic particle)]
parents
๋์ ์ [๋์ Daejeon+์ in] in Daejeon
๊ณ์๊ณ [๊ณ์ there is/are +๊ณ and] ๊ณ์ธ์[๊ณ์+์ด์] is the
honorific word used in place of ์์ด์ but it does not have
the meaning of โto haveโ.
์์ธ์๋ [์์ธ+์ in+๋(topic particle)] in Seoul
์ฌ๋์ [์ฌ female ๋์ younger sibling] younger sister
+ํ๊ณ ๋ง [ํ๊ณ with+๋ง only] only with
์ด์ [์ด live+์(casual present tense ending)] live
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์, ๊ทธ๋ ๊ตฌ๋ [์ ah, ๊ทธ๋ like that +๊ตฌ๋(exclamatory ending)]
ah, so itโs like that.
๋ฒ์จ already
์๊ฐ์ด time
์ด๋ ๊ฒ like this; (this much)
๋๋ค [๋ become+์(past tense infix)+๋ค(ending, when you have
just realised something)]
์ I; me (humble)
๊ฐ ๋ณผ๊ฒ์ I have to go
๊ทธ๋, yes; okay
์กฐ์ฌํด์ ๊ฐ take care in going
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Vocabulary: Family ๊ฐ์กฑ
์๋ฒ์ง father ํ (boyโs) elder brother
์ด๋จธ๋ mother ๋จ๋์ younger brother
์๋ค son ์ฌ๋์ younger sister
๋ธ daughter ์ฒซ์งธ first
๋จํธ husband ๋์งธ second
์๋ด wife ์ ์งธ third
ํ ๋จธ๋ grandmother ๋ง๋ด youngest child/sibling
ํ ์๋ฒ์ง grandfather ์ฌ์ด cousin
์ธ๋ (girlโs) elder sister ์ผ์ด uncle
๋๋ (boyโs) elder sister ์๋ชจ auntie
์ค๋น (girlโs) elder brother ํผ์ by oneโs self
In Korea, the arrangement of family relationships is extremely important, and
there is an elaborate system of kinship terms to describe the relationship you
have to your relatives.
So for example, there are different words for older brothers and sisters
depending on your sex. These words for older sister and brother, ์ธ๋/๋๋
and ์ค๋น /ํ, are also commonly used between people who are not related.
When you feel close to someone who is older than you, you can call him or
her by the appropriate term for your sex. Koreans donโt refer to or speak to
people who are older than them using their given names.
Koreans also distinguish between the fatherโs family and the motherโs. The
terms given above for grandparents, uncles and aunts only refer to the fatherโs
family. If you were speaking about your motherโs side, you would add the
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word ์ธ (meaning outside) in front of each of the terms: ์ธํ ๋จธ๋,
์ธํ ์๋ฒ์ง, ์ธ์ผ์ด.
There are also other relationship terms without equivalent English
designations. Some of these are:
ํฐ์๋ฒ์ง fatherโs elder brother
ํฐ์ด๋จธ๋ wife of fatherโs elder brother
์์์๋ฒ์ง fatherโs younger brother
์์์ด๋จธ๋ wife of fatherโs younger brother
ํฐ์ค๋น oldest older brother
์์์ค๋น the younger of oneโs older brothers
A feature of modern Western families is the frequency with which people
have second marriages. As a result, it is not uncommon to have stepbrothers
and sisters. The way a Korean would refer to these would be to add the word
์๋ถ in front of the corresponding kinship terms. For example, ์๋ถ ์ค๋น is a
girlโs older stepbrother. To specify half-siblings, you would add the term
์ด๋ณต instead: ์ด๋ณต ์ค๋น , ์ด๋ณต ๋์. However, both these terms have a
negative connotation in Korea as divorce continues to be stigmatized, despite
becoming increasingly common.
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Task 3: ํ/์ค๋น ์์ด์?
Ask your partner about his or her siblings. Circle the right kinship term in the
cells below and write down their ages.
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ]
A: ํ/์ค๋น ์์ด์?
B: ๋ค, ํ/์ค๋น ํ๋, ๋์ ํ๋ ์์ด์.
A: ์ฌ๋์์ด์์, ๋จ๋์์ด์์?
B: ์ฌ๋์์ด์์.
A: ํ์/์ค๋น ๋ ๋ช ์ด์ด์์?
B: ์ค๋ฌผ ๋ค ์ด์ด์์.
A: ์ฌ๋์์์?
B: ์ด์ผ๊ณฑ ์ด์ด์์.
๊ด๊ณ Relationship ๋์ด Age
์ฌ๋์ / ๋จ๋์ ์ด
์ฌ๋์ / ๋จ๋์ ์ด
์ฌ๋์ / ๋จ๋์ ์ด
์ฌ๋์ / ๋จ๋์ ์ด
์ค๋น / ํ / ์ธ๋ / ๋๋ ์ด
์ค๋น / ํ / ์ธ๋ / ๋๋ ์ด
์ค๋น / ํ / ์ธ๋ / ๋๋ ์ด
์ค๋น / ํ / ์ธ๋ / ๋๋ ์ด
์ค๋น / ํ / ์ธ๋ / ๋๋ ์ด
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Task 4: Word Check
Write down the Korean words next to their English equivalents. The first one
has been done for you.
a. ์๋ฒ์ง โ h. ์ฌ๋์
b. ์ด๋จธ๋ i. ๋จ๋์
c. ํ j. ์๋ /์์ด๋ค
d. ์ค๋น k. ์๋ค
e. ์ธ๋ l. ๋ธ
f. ๋๋ m. ๋จํธ
g. ์๋ด
1. father ์๋ฒ์ง
2. mother
3. daughter
4. son
5. husband
6. wife
7. younger sister
8. elder brother to a female
9. elder sister to a male
10. elder sister to a female
11. elder brother to a male
12. younger brother
13. children
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Honorific Subject and Topic Particles
When Koreans refer to their parents (and to seniors in general), they use
honorific words as a mark of respect. You have already seen the way that
verbs are modified in honorific speech. The subject and topic particles also
have an honorific form. The subject particle +์ด/๊ฐ becomes +๊ป์ and the
topic particle +์/๋ becomes +๊ป์๋.
Subject Particle Topic Particle
+์ด/๊ฐ +์/๋ (Plain)
+๊ป์ + ๊ป์๋ (Honorific)
Examples:
(1) ๊น ์ ์๋๊ป์ ์์ฆ ๋ฐ์์ธ์. Mr Kim is busy these days.
(2) ํ ์๋ฒ์ง๊ป์๋ ์ ๋ฌธ ์ฝ์ผ์ธ์. Grandfather is reading
the newspaper.
(3) ๋ฐ ์ฌ์ฅ๋๊ป์๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ๊ฐ์ จ์ด์.
President Park has gone to
America.
(4) ์ด๋จธ๋๊ป์๋ ์ถ์ฅ ๊ฐ์ จ์ด์. My mother has gone on
a business trip.
(5) ์ด ๊ต์๋๊ป์๋
ํ๊ตญ ์ญ์ฌ ๊ฐ์ํ์ธ์.
Professor Lee is giving a lecture
on Korean history.
(6) ๊น ๋ํต๋ น๊ป์๋
ํธ์ฃผ ์์์ ๋ง๋์ จ์ด์.
President Kim met
the Australian prime minister.
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Possessive Pronouns
When we want to refer to the fact that something belongs to somebody in
English, we use possessive pronouns such as โmyโ, โourโ, โyourโ, โhisโ, โherโ,
and โtheirโ. How you use the corresponding Korean words depends on styles
of speech. This is illustrated in the following table:
my our your his/her whose
Casual ๋ด ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ค ๊ทธ ์ฌ๋ ๋๊ตฌ
Humble ์ ์ ํฌ * * *
Honorific * * * ๊ทธ ๋ถ ์ด๋ ๋ถ
Note that ๋ or ๋ is used instead of โ๋คโ (your) in speaking because the
pronunciation of โ๋คโ (your) is very similar to โ๋ดโ (my).
Examples:
(1) A: ์ด๊ฑฐ ๋๊ตฌ ์ฑ ์ด์์? Whose book is this?
B: ์ ์ฑ ์ด์์. Itโs my book.
(2) A: ์ด๊ฑฐ ์ด๋ ๋ถ ์ง๊ฐ์ด์์? Whose purse is this?
B: ์ ๊ฑฐ์์. Itโs mine.
However, in Korean you donโt often use the 2nd or 3rd person possessive
pronouns. In such cases you just link the item and personโs name:
(3) ์ ์ : ์ด๊ฑฐ ์์ง ์จ ์ฑ ์ด์์? Young-jin, Is this your book?
์์ง : ์๋์. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์๋ฒ์ง ๊ฑฐ์์. No, itโs my fatherโs.
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As seen in (3), Koreans often use ์ฐ๋ฆฌ (our) when they mean ๋ด (my). This
reflects the importance of the group in Korean culture. A Korean will refer to
his or her parents, school and company as ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ๋ชจ๋, ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ๊ต and ์ฐ๋ฆฌ
ํ์ฌ respectively. A man may even refer to his wife as ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง ์ฌ๋ (lit. our
house person). However, if you were talking about something which is yours
personally and not the groupโs (other than your spouse!), you would use ๋ด or
์ , as in examples (1) and (2).
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Vocabulary: Occupations ์ง์
๊ฐํธ์ฌ nurse ์์ค๊ฐ novelist
๊ฒ์ฌ public prosecutor ์์ธ poet
๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด police officer ์ฝ์ฌ chemist
๊ณต๋ฌด์ public servant ์ด๋ถ fisherman
๊ด๋ถ miner ์๋ฆฌ์ฌ cook
๊ต์ฌ teacher ์ด์ ์ฌ driver
๊ต์ professor; lecturer ์ํ์ banker
๊ตฐ์ธ soldier ์์ ๊ฐ musician
๊ธฐ์ ์ technician ์์ฌ doctor
๋๋ถ farmer ์๊ฐ writer
๋ฌด์ฉ๊ฐ dancer ์ ์น๊ฐ politician
๋ณํธ์ฌ attorney ํ์ฌ judge
๋น์ secretary ํ๊ฐ painter; artist
์ฌ์ ๊ฐ business man ํ์ฌ์ office worker
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Task 5: ์๋ฒ์ง๊ป์ ๋ญ ํ์ธ์?
Use what you have learnt to talk about the members of your family and what
they do with a partner.
๊ด๊ณ Relationship ์ง์ Occupation
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โฆ +์ด/๊ฐ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์? โWould you mind telling
me โฆ?โ
Koreans can come across as a little rude to Westerners because they tend to
ask very personal questions. However, these personal details are considered
necessary in order to address people appropriately and use the correct level of
politeness. These questions are also a strategy to establish areas of
commonality between the speakers in order to build a relationship. The
phrase โ... +์ด/๊ฐ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์?โ is a very useful phrase for asking
strangers these kinds of personal questions. The phrase will also be used by
somebody who needs to know your personal information as part of his or her
job, such as a bank teller.
Examples:
(1) ์ฑํจ์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์? Could you give me your name
please?
(2) ์ฐ์ธ๊ฐ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์? Would you mind telling me your
age?
(3) ์์ผ์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์? Could you tell me your birthday?
(4) ์๋ ์์ผ์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์? Could you give me your date of
birth?
(5) ์ฃผ์๊ฐ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์? May I have your address?
(6) ์ ํ๋ฒํธ๊ฐ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์? Could you tell me your phone
number?
(7) ํค๊ฐ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์? Could you tell me your height?
(8) ๋ชธ๋ฌด๊ฒ๊ฐ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์? Could you tell me your weight?
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(9) ์ง์ ์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์? Could you give me your occupation?
(10) ์ทจ๋ฏธ๊ฐ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์? Could you tell me your hobbies?
(11) ๊ตญ์ ์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์? Could you tell me your nationality?
If you were asking about a junior or a child, you would ask such questions in
a more direct way such as:
(12) ์ฌ๋์ ์์ผ ์ธ์ ์์? When is your (younger) sisterโs
birthday?
(13) ๋จ๋์ ํค๊ฐ ๋ช์ด์์? How tall is your (younger) brother?
(14) ํธ๋ํฐ ๋ฒํธ๊ฐ ๋ญ์์? What is your mobile phone number?
(15) ๋ช ๋ ์์ด์์? What year were you born?
(16) ๋ช ํ๋ฒ์ด์์? What year did you enter university?
(17) ์ฃผ์๊ฐ ๋ญ์์? What is your address?
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Task 6: Role Play
A: You are a bank teller. You work in the new accounts section. A
customer wants to open a new account. Fill in the form below and show
your partner what you have written when you finish.
B: You are in a bank to open a new account. Answer the bank tellerโs
questions. When finished, check that s/he has got all the information
correct.
[๋ํ ๋ณด๊ธฐ]
A: ์ด์ ์ค์ธ์
B: ๊ณ์ข๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์คํ๊ณ ์ถ์๋ฐ์.
A: ์ฑํจ์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์?
B: [ ์๋ฆญ ์ํฐ์ค ]์ ๋๋ค.
A: ์๋ ์์ผ์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์?
B: [ ์ฒ๊ตฌ๋ฐฑ๊ตฌ์ญ์ผ ๋ ์ผ ์ ์ฌ ์ผ ]์ด์.
A: ์ฃผ์ํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋ฒํธ๋์?
B: ์ฃผ์๋ [ ์์ธ ๊ฐ๋จ๊ตฌ ๋๊ณก๋ ํ๋ ์ํํธ ์ญ์ฌ ๋ ์ด๋ฐฑ ์น ํธ ],
์ ํ๋ฒํธ๋ [ ํ์ค์ก์ผ์ ์ผ์น ์ผ๊ณต ]์ ๋๋ค.
A: ๊ตญ์ ์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์?
B: [ ํธ์ฃผ ]์ ๋๋ค.
์ด๋ฆ : .
์๋ ์์ผ: ๋ ์ ์ผ
์ ํ๋ฒํธ: .
๊ตญ์ : .
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Task 7: Listening
โ ๋ฌธํ (EXPONENT)
์์ผ์ด ์ธ์ ์์? When is your birthday?
์์ผ์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋ผ์/๋์ธ์? When is your birthday?
A ์ B ์ผ์ด์์. It's the B of A.
โ ํ์ ์ดํ (ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) ์์ผ birthday ๋ year 1์ January
2์ February 3์ March 4์ April
5์ May 6์ June 7์ July
8์ August 9์ September 10์ October
11์ November 12์ December
Sino-Korean numbers up to 31
โ Listen to these people saying when their birthdays are. Circle the day of the month each person was born and write down the number of the dialogue next to it. Ready? Listen!
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Task 8: Listening
โ ๋ฌธํ (EXPONENT) ์ฑํจ์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์? (Honorific Expression)
What is your name?
์ด๋ฆ์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋ผ์? What is your name?
A์์/์ด์์. I'm A.
์๋ ์์ผ์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์/๋ผ์? When is your birthdate?
A๋ B์ C์ผ์ด์์. It's the C of B (Year) A.
โ ํ์ ์ดํ (ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
์ด๋ฆ name(colloquial form) ์ฑํจ honorific form of ์ด๋ฆ
์ฑ๋ช written form of ์ด๋ฆ ์๋ ์์ผ birthdate
Sino-Korean numbers up to 2000
๋ฐฑ hundred ์ฒ thousand
โ You will hear a dialogue in which a bank clerk is asking people names and birthdates for a new account. Write down their birthdates on the correct form below. Ready? Listen!
โ The last form (No. 6) is for you. The clerk will ask you your name and date of birth. Tell them to the clerk and write them down on the form. Ready? Listen!
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Task 9: Listening
โ ๋ฌธํ (EXPONENT) ์ ์ฌ๋ ๋๊ตฌ์์?, Who is that person?
A์์. She\he is A.
๋ช ์ด์ด์์?/๋์ด๊ฐ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋ผ์? What is his/her age?
A(number) ์ด์ด์์. She/he is A years old.
์ง์ ์ด ๋ญ์์? What is her/his occupation?
A์์. It is A.
โ ํ์ ์ดํ (ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) ์ ๊ธฐ over there ์ that
์ฌ๋ person ๋๊ตฌ who
๋์ด age ๊ทธ๋ผ then
์ง์ occupation ์ด counting unit for age
๋ณํธ์ฌ lawyer ์์ฌ doctor
์ปดํจํฐ
์์ง๋์ด
computer engineer
๋ญ colloquial form of ๋ฌด์
โwhatโ
์ ์น๊ฐ politician pure Korean numbers up to 40
โ ์๋ฏธ is at a party and is asking her friend about people whom she does not
know. Write down their ages and occupations in the appropriate blanks. Ready? Listen!
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Sending a Text Message
As with English, Koreans like to use shortcuts and emoticons when sending a
text message. Shortcuts help to minimize the number of characters used such
as โuโ = you in English. An emoticon is a character or collection of characters
that show some sort of emotion, and is useful for replacing some aspect of the
communication that would normally be conveyed through body language.
Koreans use them so much that a recent study showed that when text
messages did not include any emoticons, the recipient thought the sender was
angry (>.<)!
Examples:
(1) ์ ค (์ํ) exam
(2) ์ (์ ์๋) teacher
(3) ๋ฉ (๋ฉ์ผ) mail
(4) ๋จ (๋ฏธ์) sorry
(5) ๊ฒ (๊ฒ์) game
(6) ํ ์ (ํ ์์ผ) Saturday
(7) ใ ใ ใ (ํฌํฌํฌ) laughing
(8) ใ ใ ใ (ํํํ) laughing
(9) (^o^) laughing or excited
(10) ^^ happy or smiles
(11) ^-^ happy or smiles
(12) ^__^ happy or smiles
(13) ^ใ ก^ happy or smiles
(14) ใ _ใ crying
(15) >_< angry
(16) >.< angry
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Task 10: Reading
1. Read the following text from beginning to end without stopping, even if
you come across vocabulary that you donโt know. Try to guess the meaning
through the context.
2. If you still have words that you donโt know after you have tried guessing
from the context, ask your classmates. You will probably be able to
understand most of the new vocabulary using this method.
3. Ask your teacher about any remaining unknown vocabulary.
์๊ธฐ ์๊ฐ
์ ์ด๋ฆ์ ํด ์ค๋ฏธ์ค์ ๋๋ค.
87 ๋ ์, ์ค๋ฌผ๋ ์ด์ ๋๋ค.
๋ชจ๋ด์ ๋ํ๊ต 2 ํ๋ ์ ๋๋ค.
๋ํ๊ต์์ ๊ฒฝ์ ํํ๊ณ ํ๊ตญ์ด๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณตํด์.
์ ๋ ๋ถ๋ชจ๋๊ณผ ์ฌ๋์์ด ๋ ๋ช ์์ด์.
์ฌ๋์๋ค์ ๊ณ ๋ฑํ์์ธ๋ฐ, ์์ฃผ ๊ท์ฌ์์. ^-^
์ ์ทจ๋ฏธ๋ ํธ์ฃผ ์ถ๊ตฌ์ ๋๋ค.
์ผ์์ผ์ ์น๊ตฌ๋คํ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ์ถ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํด์.
์ ๋ ๋น๋น๋ฐฅ๊ณผ ๋ก๋ณถ์ด๋ฅผ ์ข์ํด์.
๊ทธ๋์ ํ๊ตญ ์๋น์ ์์ฃผ ๊ฐ์.
์ ๋ ๋ฐ๋ค๋ฅผ ์ข์ํด์.
๊ฐ๋ ๋ฐ๋ค์์ ์์์คํค๋ฅผ ํด์.
์ ๋ ์๋ ์นดํ์์ ์๋ฅด๋ฐ์ดํธํด์.
๊ทธ๋์ ์์ฃผ ํผ๊ณคํด์. ํ์ง๋ง ๋ ํ์ํด์!
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Vocabulary
์๊ธฐ ์๊ฐ [์๊ธฐ self ์๊ฐ introduction] self-introduction
์ my
์ด๋ฆ์ [์ด๋ฆ name+์(topic particle)] name
+์ ๋๋ค am/are/is (formal style version of +์ด์์/์์)
87 ๋ ์ [87 ๋ year ์ born] born in 87
์ค๋ฌผ ๋ ์ด [์ค๋ฌผ ๋ 22 ์ด(age)] twenty two years old
2 ํ๋ 2nd year in school/uni
๋ํ๊ต์์ [๋ํ๊ต uni+์์(location particle)] in university
๊ฒฝ์ ํํ๊ณ [๊ฒฝ์ ํ economics+ํ๊ณ and] economics and
ํ๊ตญ์ด๋ฅผ [ํ๊ตญ์ด Korean language+๋ฅผ(object particle)] Korean
์ ๊ณตํด์ [์ ๊ณตํ major in์ ๊ณตํด์(present tense form)]
์ ๋ [์ I(humble)+๋(topic particle)] I
๋ถ๋ชจ๋๊ณผ [๋ถ๋ชจ parents+๋(honorific suffix)+๊ณผ and] parents and
์ฌ๋์์ด [์ฌ๋์ younger sister+์ด(subject particle)]
younger sister
๋ ๋ช [๋ two ๋ช (people counting noun)] two people
์์ด์ [์ have+์ด์(present tense ending)] has/have
์ฌ๋์๋ค์ [์ฌ๋์ younger sister+๋ค(plural suffix)+์(topic
particle)]
๊ณ ๋ฑํ์์ธ๋ฐ [๊ณ ๋ฑํ์ senior high school student+์ด am/are/is
+ใด๋ฐ(connector for adding extra information)]
are senior high school students
์์ฃผ very
๊ท์ฌ์์ [๊ท์ฝ cute๊ท์ฌ+์์(present tense ending)] are cute
์ทจ๋ฏธ๋ [์ทจ๋ฏธ hobby+๋(topic particle)] hobby
ํธ์ฃผ ์ถ๊ตฌ [ํธ์ฃผ Australia ์ถ๊ตฌ football] Australian football
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์ผ์์ผ์ [์ผ์์ผ Sunday+์(time particle)] on Sundays
์น๊ตฌ๋คํ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด [์น๊ตฌ friend+๋ค(plural suffix)+ํ๊ณ with] with friends
๊ฐ์ด together
์ถ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ [์ถ๊ตฌ football+๋ฅผ(object particle)] football
ํด์ [ํ doํด์(present tense form)] do/does
๋น๋น๋ฐฅ๊ณผ [๋น๋น๋ฐฅ rice with vegetables and meat+๊ณผ and]
bibimbap and
๋ก๋ณถ์ด๋ฅผ [๋ก๋ณถ์ด spicy rice cake stew +๋ฅผ(object particle)]
tteokbokki
์ข์ํด์ [์ข์ํ like์ข์ํด์(present tense form)] like
๊ทธ๋์ so; therefore
์๋น์ [์๋น restaurant+์(to)] to restaurants
์์ฃผ often
๊ฐ์ [๊ฐ go+์์(present tense ending)] go
๋ฐ๋ค๋ฅผ [๋ฐ๋ค sea+๋ฅผ(object particle)] sea
๊ฐ๋ sometimes; occasionally
๋ฐ๋ค์์ [๋ฐ๋ค sea+์์ on] on the sea
์์์คํค๋ฅผ [์์์คํค water skiing+๋ฅผ(object particle)]
water skiing
์ ๋ ์๋ [์ ๋ evening+์ in+๋(topic particle)] in the evenings
์นดํ์์ [์นดํ cafรฉ+์์ at] at a cafรฉ
์๋ฅด๋ฐ์ดํธํด์ [์๋ฅด๋ฐ์ดํธํ do casual work ์๋ฅด๋ฐ์ดํธํด์
(present tense form)] do/does casual work
ํผ๊ณคํด์ [ํผ๊ณคํ tiredํผ๊ณคํด์(present tense form)]
am/are/is tired
ํ์ง๋ง but
๋ money
ํ์ํด์ [ํ์ํ needํ์ํด์] need
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TRANSCRIPT
OF
LISTENING
TASKS
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TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 356
Unit 1, Task 3
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 1
Seonyeong: ์๋ ํ์ธ์,
ํ ๋ง์ค ์จ.
Thomas: ์๋ ํ์ธ์, ์ ์ ์จ.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 2
Susan: ์๋ ํ์ธ์.
Yeongjin: ๋ค, ์๋ ํ์ธ์.
Susan: ์์์ด์์.
Yeongjin : ์์ง์ด์์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 3
Paul: ์๋ ํ์ธ์.
Sumi: ์๋ ํ์ธ์.
์ฒ์ ๋ต๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค.
Paul: ๋ง๋์ ๋ฐ๊ฐ์ต๋๋ค.
ํด์ ๋๋ค.
Sumi: ์๋ฏธ์ ๋๋ค.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 4
Minseop: ์๋ ํ์ธ์.
์ฒ์ ๋ต๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค.
Amanda: ์๋ ํ์ธ์,
์๋ง๋ค์์.
Minseop: ๋ฏผ์ญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ํฉ๋๋ค.
Unit 1, Task 6
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 1:
Thomas: ์๋ ํ ๊ณ์ธ์,
์๋ฏธ ์จ.
Sumi: ์๋ ํ ๊ฐ์ธ์,
ํ ๋ง์ค ์จ.
(Thomas: L; Sumi S)
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 2
Yeongjin: ์์ ์จ,
์๋ ํ ๊ฐ์ธ์.
Susan: ์๋ ํ ๊ณ์ธ์, ์์ง ์จ.
(Yeongjin: S; Susan: L)
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 3
Paul: ์๋ ํ ๊ณ์ญ์์ค,
์ ์๋.
Teacher: ์๋ ํ ๊ฐ์ธ์, ํด ์จ.
(Paul: L; Teacher: S)
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 4
Minseop: ์๋ง๋ค ์จ,
์๋ ํ ๊ฐ์ธ์.
Amanda: ์๋ ํ ๊ฐ์ธ์,
๋ฏผ์ญ ์จ.
(Minseop: L; Amanda: L)
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TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 357
Unit 2, Task 2
1. ๊ฐ๋ 2. ๊ฐ
3. ๋๋ผ 4. ๋๋น
5. ๋ค๋ฆฌ 6. ๋ผ๋์ค
7. ๋ง์คํฌ 8. ๋ง์
9. ๋ฐ๋๋ 10. ๋ฐ๋ค
11. ์ฌ๋ 12. ์ฌ๋
13. ์ฌ์ 14. ์๊ธฐ
15. ์์์ 16. ์
17. ์๊ธฐ 18. ํ๋
19. ํ๋ง 20. ํ์ง๋ง
Unit 2, Task 2
๋-ํ, ๋-๋ผ, ๋ผ-์ฐจ, ์ฐจ-๊ฐ,
๋-์, ์-๋ง, ๋ง-ํ, ํ-๋ค,
๋ค-์ฌ, ์ฌ-์นด, ์นด-๋ฐ, ๋ฐ-์,
์-ํ
Can you see a whale? Well
done. If not, try again.
Unit 2, Task 3
์-์ค, ์ค-์ด, ์ด-์, ์-์ ,
์ -์ผ, ์ผ-์, ์ด-์ผ, ์ด-์ฐ,
์ฐ-์ฌ
Can you see a yacht? Well
done. If not, try again.
Unit 2, Task 4
๋-๊ณ , ์ด-๋ฒ, ํผ-์, ์-๋ฌด,
ํธ-ํฌ, ๋ฌ-๋ค, ํธ-ํ, ํ-์ฃผ,
์ฃผ-๋ธ, ๋ธ-ํธ, ๋-๋ฃจ, ๋ฃจ-์ปค,
์ปค-์น, ๋-์น, ๋ฏธ-์, ๋ฏธ-๊ฐ,
์-๋
Can you see a lighthouse?
Well done. If not, try again.
Unit 2, Task 5
๊ฐ-๋ฐฉ, ๋ฐฉ-์ฅ, ์ฅ-์ , ์ -์ ,
์ -๊ฐ, ๊ณต-ํ, ํ-์ก, ์ก-์,
์-์ , ์ -์ฒ, ์ฒ-๋ฐ, ๋ฐ-ํ,
ํ-ํจ, ํจ-๋จ, ๋จ-์ธ, ์ธ-์,
์-์, ์-๊น, ๊น-์ฌ, ์ฌ-์ ,
์ -๋ฏผ, ๋ฏผ-๋ฌธ, ๋ฌธ-๋ฐ, ๋ฐ-ํ,
ํ-์ค, ์ค-์, ์-๊ณต
Can you see the sun wearing
sunglasses? Well done.
If not, try again.
Unit 2, Task 7
1.๊ฐ๋ด 2.์๋จ
3.์ฐจ๋ 4.์ด์งํธ
5.๋ฆฌ๋น์ 6.์์ ๋ฆฌ
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TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 358
7.๋ง๋ฆฌ 8.๋ชจ๋ฆฌํ๋
9.๋ชจ๋ก์ฝ 10.๋์ ๋ฅด
11.๋์ด์ง๋ฆฌ์
12.์์ด๋ฅด 13.์๊ณจ๋ผ
14.๋๋ฏธ๋น์ 15.๋ณด์ธ ์๋
16.์ ๋น์ 17.๋ชจ์ ๋นํฌ
18.์ผ๋ 19.ํ์๋์
20.์๋ง๋ฆฌ์ 21.์ํฐ์คํผ์
22.๋ง๋ค๊ฐ์ค์นด๋ฅด
Unit 3, Task 5
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 1
์ ์ : ๋ถ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์ข์ํด์?
์์ด 1: ๋ค, ๋ถ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์ข์ํด์.
์ ์ : ๊ทธ๋ผ, ๊น์น ์ข์ํด์?
์์ด 1: ๋ค, ์ข์ํด์.
์ ์ : ๊ทธ๋ผ, ์ง์ฅ๋ฉด ์ข์ํด์?
์์ด 1: ๋ค, ์์ฃผ ์ข์ํด์.
์ ์ : ๊ทธ๋ผ, ํ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ ์ข์ํด์?
์์ด 1: ์๋์ค, ํ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ ์
์ข์ํด์.
์ ์ : ๊ทธ๋ผ, ํผ์ ์ข์ํด์?
์์ด 1: ๋ค, ์์ฃผ ์ข์ํด์.
์ ์ : ๊ทธ๋ผ, ์คํ๊ฒํฐ
์ข์ํด์?
์์ด 1: ์๋์ค, ์ ์ข์ํด์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 2
์ ์ : ๋ถ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์ข์ํด์?
์์ด 2: ๋ค, ์ข์ํด์.
์ ์ : ๊ทธ๋ผ, ๊น์น ์ข์ํด์?
์์ด 2: ์๋์ค, ๊น์น ์
์ข์ํด์.
์ ์ : ๊ทธ๋ผ, ์ง์ฅ๋ฉด ์ข์ํด์?
์์ด 2: ์๋์ค, ์ ์ข์ํด์.
์ ์ : ๊ทธ๋ผ, ํ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ ์ข์ํด์?
์์ด 2: ๋ค, ์์ฃผ ์ข์ํด์.
์ ์ : ๊ทธ๋ผ, ํผ์ ์ข์ํด์?
์์ด 2: ๋ค, ํผ์ ์ข์ํด์.
์ ์ : ๊ทธ๋ผ, ์คํ๊ฒํฐ
์ข์ํด์?
์์ด 2: ์๋์ค, ์ ์ข์ํด์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 3
์ ์ : ๋ถ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์ข์ํด์?
์์ด 3: ์๋์ค, ์ ์ข์ํด์.
์ ์ : ๊ทธ๋ผ, ๊น์น ์ข์ํด์?
์์ด 3: ์๋์ค, ์ ์ข์ํด์.
์ ์ : ๊ทธ๋ผ, ์ง์ฅ๋ฉด ์ข์ํด์?
์์ด 3: ์๋์ค, ์ ์ข์ํด์.
์คํ๊ฒํฐ ์ข์ํด์.
์ ์ : ๊ทธ๋ผ, ํ๋ฒ๊ฑฐํ๊ณ
ํผ์ ์ข์ํด์?
์์ด 3: ๋ค, ์์ฃผ ์ข์ํด์.
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TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 359
Unit 4, Task 3
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 1
ํด : ์๋ ํ์ธ์, ์๋ฏธ ์จ.
์ ๋ฏธ: ์๋ ํ์ธ์, ํด ์จ.
์ด๋ ๊ฐ์?
ํด : ํ๊ต์ ๊ฐ์.
์ ๋ฏธ: ๋๋ ํ๊ต์ ๊ฐ์.
๊ฐ์ด ๊ฐ์๋ค.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 2
ํ ๋ง์ค: ์๋ ํ์ธ์, ์ ์ ์จ.
์ ์ : ์๋ ํ์ธ์, ํ ๋ง์ค ์จ.
์ด๋ ๊ฐ์?
ํ ๋ง์ค: ์ํ์ ๊ฐ์.
์ ์ : ๋๋ ์ํ์ ๊ฐ์.
๊ฐ์ด ๊ฐ์๋ค.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 3
๋ฏผ ์ญ : ์๋ ํ์ธ์, ์๋ง๋ค ์จ.
์๋ง๋ค : ์, ๋ฏผ์ญ ์จ.
์๋ ํ์ธ์.
๋ฏผ ์ญ : ์ด๋ ๊ฐ์?
์๋ง๋ค: ์ฐ์ฒด๊ตญ์ ๊ฐ์.
๋ฏผ์ญ ์จ๋ ์ด๋ ๊ฐ์?
๋ฏผ ์ญ : ์๋น์ ๊ฐ์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 4
์ ์ง : ์์ ์จ, ์๋ ํ์ธ์.
์ ์ : ์๋ ํ์ธ์, ์์ง ์จ.
์ด๋ ๊ฐ์?
์ ์ง : ๊ฐ๊ฒ์ ๊ฐ์.
์์ ์จ๋ ์ด๋ ๊ฐ์?
์ ์ : ์ปคํผ์์ ๊ฐ์.
Unit 5, Task 2
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 1
A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ญ ํด์?
B : ๊ณต๋ถํด์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 2
A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ญ ํด์?
B : ์ ํํด์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 3
A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ญ ํด์?
B : ์ฌ๊ณผ ๋จน์ด์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 4
A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ญ ํด์?
B : ์์ ๋ค์ด์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 5
A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ญ ํด์?
B : ์ฑ ์ฝ์ด์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 6
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TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 360
A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ญ ํด์?
B : ์ฃผ์ค ๋ง์ ์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 7
A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ญ ํด์?
B : ์ ์์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 8
A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ญ ํด์?
B : ์ท ์ ์ด์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 9
A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ญ ํด์?
B : ์น๊ตฌ ๋ง๋์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 10
A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ญ ํด์?
B : ํ ๋ ๋น์ ๋ด์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 11
A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ญ ํด์?
B : ๋ ธ๋ ๋ถ๋ฌ์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 12
A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ญ ํด์?
B : ์ถค ์ถฐ์.
Unit 6, Task 1
1.A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?
B : ์ด๋ ์์์.
2.A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?
B : ์ธ ์์์.
3.A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?
B : ๋ค์ฏ ์์์.
4.A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?
B : ์ํ ์์์.
5.A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?
B : ์ฌ์ฏ ์์์.
6.A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?
B : ๋ค ์์์.
7.A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?
B : ํ ์์์.
8.A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?
B : ์ดํ ์์์.
9.A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?
B : ๋ ์์์.
10.A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?
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TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 361
B : ์ด ์์์.
11.A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?
B : ์ฌ๋ ์์์.
12.A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?
B : ์ผ๊ณฑ ์์์.
Unit 6, Task 9
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 1
์ ์ : ์๋ ํ์ธ์?
ํ ๋ง์ค ์จ?
ํ ๋ง์ค: ์๋ ํ์ธ์, ์ ์ ์จ.
์ ์ : ์ค๋ ์๊ฐ ์์ด์?
ํ ๋ง์ค: ๋ค, ์์ด์.
์ ์ : ์ธ ์ ๊ด์ฐฎ์์?
ํ ๋ง์ค: ๋ค, ๊ด์ฐฎ์์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 2
์ ์ : ์๋ ํ์ธ์, ์์ง ์จ.
์ ์ง : ๋ค, ์๋ ํ์ธ์, ์์ ์จ.
์ ์ : ์ค๋ ์๊ฐ ์์ด์?
์ ์ง : ๋ค, ์์ด์.
์ ์ : ๋ค์ฏ ์ ๊ด์ฐฎ์์?
์ ์ง : ๋ค, ๊ด์ฐฎ์์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 3
ํด : ์๋ฏธ ์จ, ์๋ ํ์ธ์.
์ ๋ฏธ : ๋ค, ์๋ ํ์ธ์, ํด ์จ.
ํด : ๋ด์ผ ์๊ฐ ์์ด์?
์ ๋ฏธ : ๋ค, ์์ด์.
ํด : ์ด ์ ๊ด์ฐฎ์์?
์ ๋ฏธ : ๋ค, ์ข์์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 4
๋ฏผ ์ญ : ์๋ง๋ค ์จ, ์๋ ํ์ธ์.
์๋ง๋ค : ์๋ ํ์ธ์, ๋ฏผ์ญ ์จ.
๋ฏผ ์ญ : ๋ด์ผ ์๊ฐ ์์ด์?
์๋ง๋ค : ๋ค, ์์ด์.
๋ฏผ ์ญ : ์ฌ๋ ์ ๊ด์ฐฎ์์?
์๋ง๋ค : ๋ค, ์ข์์.
Unit 6, Task 11
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 1
์ ๋ฏธ : ์๋ ํ์ธ์, ํ ๋ง์ค ์จ.
ํ ๋ง์ค : ์๋ ํ์ธ์, ์๋ฏธ ์จ.
์ ๋ฏธ : ์ค๋ ์๊ฐ ์์ด์?
ํ ๋ง์ค : ์๋์ค, ์์ด์.
์ ๋ฏธ : ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด,
ํ์์ผ์ ์ด๋์?
ํ ๋ง์ค : ๋ค, ๊ด์ฐฎ์์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 2
์ ์ : ์๋ ํ์ธ์, ๋ฏผ์ญ ์จ.
๋ฏผ ์ญ : ๋ค, ์๋ ํ์ธ์, ์์ ์จ.
์ ์ : ์ค๋ ์๊ฐ ์์ด์?
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TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 362
๋ฏผ ์ญ : ์๋์ค, ์์ด์.
์ ์ : ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด,
์ผ์์ผ์ ์ด๋์?
๋ฏผ ์ญ : ๋ค, ์ข์์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 3
ํด : ์ ์ ์จ, ์๋ ํ์ธ์.
์ ์ : ๋ค, ์๋ ํ์ธ์, ํด ์จ.
ํด : ๋ด์ผ ์๊ฐ ์์ด์?
์ ์ : ์๋์ค, ์์ด์
ํด : ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด,
๊ธ์์ผ์ ์ด๋์?
์ ์ : ๋ค, ๊ด์ฐฎ์์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 4
์ ์ง : ์๋ง๋ค ์จ, ์๋ ํ์ธ์.
์๋ง๋ค : ์๋ ํ์ธ์, ์์ง ์จ.
์ ์ง : ๋ด์ผ ์๊ฐ ์์ด์?
์๋ง๋ค : ์๋์ค, ์์ด์.
์ ์ง : ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด,
์์์ผ์ ์ด๋์?
์๋ง๋ค : ๋ค, ์ข์์.
Unit 7, Task 2, Part 1
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 1
I.O. : ์ด๋ ๋๋ผ์์ ์์ด์?
(Immigration Officer)
์ฌ๋ 1: ์ค๊ตญ์์ ์์ด์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 2
I.O. : ์ด๋ ๋๋ผ์์ ์์ด์?
์ฌ๋ 2: ํธ์ฃผ์์ ์์ด์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 3
I.O. : ์ด๋ ๋๋ผ์์ ์์ด์?
์ฌ๋ 3: ์๊ตญ์์ ์์ด์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 4
I.O. : ์ด๋ ๋๋ผ์์ ์์ด์?
์ฌ๋ 4: ๋ ์ผ์์ ์์ด์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 5
I.O. : ์ด๋์์ ์์ด์?
์ฌ๋ 5: ํ๋์ค์์ ์์ด์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 6
I.O. : ์ด๋์์ ์์ด์?
์ฌ๋ 6: ์ผ๋ณธ์์ ์์ด์.
Unit 7, Task 2, Part 2
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 1
I.O. : ์ด๋ ๋๋ผ์์ ์์ด์?
์ฌ๋ 1: ์ค๊ตญ์์ ์์ด์.
I.O : ์ค๊ตญ ์ด๋์์ ์์ด์?
์ฌ๋ 1: ์ํ์ด์์ ์์ด์.
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TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 363
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 2
I.O. : ์ด๋ ๋๋ผ์์ ์์ด์?
์ฌ๋ 2: ํธ์ฃผ์์ ์์ด์.
I.O : ํธ์ฃผ ์ด๋์์ ์์ด์?
์ฌ๋ 2: ๋ฉ๋ฒ๋ฅธ์์ ์์ด์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 3
I.O. : ์ด๋ ๋๋ผ์์ ์์ด์?
์ฌ๋ 3: ์๊ตญ์์ ์์ด์.
I.O : ์๊ตญ ์ด๋์์ ์์ด์?
์ฌ๋ 3: ๋ฆฌ๋ฒํ์์ ์์ด์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 4
I.O. : ์ด๋ ๋๋ผ์์ ์์ด์?
์ฌ๋ 4: ๋ ์ผ์์ ์์ด์.
I.O : ๋ ์ผ ์ด๋์์ ์์ด์?
์ฌ๋ 4: ํ๋ ธ๋ฒ์์ ์์ด์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 5
I.O. : ์ด๋์์ ์์ด์?
์ฌ๋ 5: ํ๋์ค์์ ์์ด์.
I.O : ํ๋์ค ์ด๋์์
์์ด์?
์ฌ๋ 5: ๋ฆฌ์น์์ ์์ด์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 6
I.O. : ์ด๋์์ ์์ด์?
์ฌ๋ 6: ์ผ๋ณธ์์ ์์ด์.
I.O : ์ผ๋ณธ ์ด๋์์ ์์ด์?
์ฌ๋ 6: ์ค์ฌ์นด์์ ์์ด์.
Unit 7, Task 4
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 1
ํ ์ฌ : ์ด์ ์ ๋ ์ ๋ญ ํ์ด์?
detective
๋ฉ ๋ฆฌ : ํฐํ๊ณ ์ ๋ ์
๋จน์์ด์.
ํ ์ฌ : ์ธ์ ๋จน์์ด์?
๋ฉ ๋ฆฌ : ์ผ๊ณฑ ์๋ถํฐ
์ฌ๋ ์๊น์ง ๋จน์์ด์.
ํ ์ฌ : ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ญ ํ์ด์?
๋ฉ ๋ฆฌ : ์ฌ๋ ์๋ถํฐ
์ํ ์๊น์ง ํผ์๋ ธ๋ฅผ ์ณค์ด์.
ํ ์ฌ : ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ญ ํ์ด์?
๋ฉ ๋ฆฌ : ์ํ ์๋ถํฐ ์ด ์๊น์ง
ํ ๋ ๋น์ ์ ๋ดค์ด์.
ํ ์ฌ : ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ?
๋ฉ ๋ฆฌ : ์ด ์๋ถํฐ๋
์ ์ ์ค์ด์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 2
ํ ์ฌ: ์ด์ ์ ๋ ์ ๋ญ ํ์ด์?
ํฐ : ๋ฉ๋ฆฌํ๊ณ
์ ๋ ์ ๋จน์์ด์.
ํ ์ฌ: ์ธ์ ๋จน์์ด์?
ํฐ : ์ผ๊ณฑ ์๋ถํฐ ์ฌ๋ ์๊น์ง
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TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 364
๋จน์์ด์.
ํ ์ฌ: ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ญ ํ์ด์?
ํฐ : ์ฌ๋ ์๋ถํฐ ์ํ ์๊น์ง
ํ ๋ ๋น์ ์ ๋ดค์ด์.
ํ ์ฌ: ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ญ ํ์ด์?
ํฐ : ์ํ ์๋ถํฐ ์ดํ ์๊น์ง
์ ์ ์ค์ด์.
ํ ์ฌ: ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ?
ํฐ : ์ด๋ ์๋ถํฐ
์์ ์ ๋ค์์ด์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 3
ํ ์ฌ : ์ด์ ์ ๋ ์ ๋ญ ํ์ด์?
ํด ๋ฆฌ : ์ฐ์ฑ ์ ํ์ด์.
ํ ์ฌ : ์ธ์ ํ์ด์?
ํด ๋ฆฌ : ์ผ๊ณฑ ์๋ถํฐ
์ฌ๋ ์๊น์ง ํ์ด์.
ํ ์ฌ : ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ญ ํ์ด์?
ํด ๋ฆฌ : ์ฌ๋ ์๋ถํฐ
์ํ ์๊น์ง
์ ๋ ์ ๋จน์์ด์.
ํ ์ฌ : ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ญ ํ์ด์?
ํด ๋ฆฌ : ์ํ ์๋ถํฐ
์ดํ ์๊น์ง
๊ทน์ฅ์์ ์ํ๋ฅผ ๋ดค์ด์.
ํ ์ฌ : ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ?
ํด ๋ฆฌ : ์ด๋ ์๋ถํฐ๋
์ ์ ์ค์ด์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 4
ํ ์ฌ : ์ด์ ์ ๋ ์ ๋ญ ํ์ด์?
์ ์ธ : ์ ๋ ์ ๋จน์์ด์.
ํ ์ฌ : ์ธ์ ๋จน์์ด์?
์ ์ธ : ์ผ๊ณฑ ์๋ถํฐ
์ฌ๋ ์๊น์ง
๋จน์์ด์.
ํ ์ฌ : ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ญ ํ์ด์?
์ ์ธ : ์ฌ๋ ์๋ถํฐ
์ํ ์๊น์ง
์ฐ์ฑ ์ ํ์ด์.
ํ ์ฌ : ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ญ ํ์ด์?
์ ์ธ : ์ํ ์๋ถํฐ ์ด ์๊น์ง
์ฑ ์ ์ฝ์์ด์.
ํ ์ฌ : ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ?
์ ์ธ : ์ด ์๋ถํฐ
์ดํ ์๊น์ง๋
์น๊ตฌํํ ์ ํ๋ฅผ ํ์ด์.
ํ ์ฌ : ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ?
์ ์ธ : ์ด๋ ์๋ถํฐ๋
์ ์ ์ค์ด์.
Unit 8, Task 3
1. A : ์ค๋ ์ง ์์ด์?
B : ๋ค, ์์ด์.
2. A : ์น์ฆ ์์ด์?
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TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 365
B : ์๋์ค, ์์ด์.
3. A : ๋ฒ์ฏ ์์ด์?
B : ๋ค, ์์ด์.
4. A : ๋ฐฐ์ถ ์์ด์?
B : ๋ค, ์์ด์.
5. A : ์ฐ์ ์์ด์?
B : ์๋์ค, ์์ด์.
6. A : ๋ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์์ด์?
B : ๋ค, ์์ด์.
7. A : ๋ฌ๊ฑ ์์ด์?
B : ๋ค, ์์ด์.
8. A : ์๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์์ด์?
B : ์๋์ค, ์์ด์.
9. A : ์์ ์์ด์?
B : ์๋์ค, ์์ด์.
10. A : ์ฌ๊ณผ ์์ด์?
B : ๋ค, ์์ด์.
11. A : ๋นต ์์ด์?
B : ๋ค, ์์ด์.
12. A : ๊ฐ์ ์์ด์?
B : ๋ค, ์์ด์.
13. A : ์ผ์ต ์์ด์?
B : ๋ค, ์์ด์.
14. A : ๊ฒ ์์ด์?
B : ์๋์ค, ์์ด์.
15. A : ์ค๋ ์ง ์ฃผ์ค ์์ด์?
B : ์๋์ค, ์์ด์.
16. A : ๋งฅ์ฃผ ์์ด์?
B : ๋ค, ์์ด์.
17. A : ๋น๊ทผ ์์ด์?
B : ๋ค, ์์ด์.
18. A : ์ฅ์์ ์์ด์?
B : ๋ค, ์์ด์.
19. A : ํฌ๋ ์์ด์?
B : ์๋์ค, ์์ด์.
20. A : ์ฝ๋ผ ์์ด์?
B : ๋ค, ์์ด์.
Unit 8, Task 8
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 1
(๊ณผ์ผ ๊ฐ๊ฒ์์; in a fruit shop)
์ ์ : ์ด์ ์ค์ธ์.
์ ๋ : ์ฌ๊ณผ ์์ด์?
์ ์ : ๋ค, ์์ด์.
์ ๋ : ๋ฐฐ๋ ์์ด์?
์ ์ : ์๋์ค, ์์ด์.
์ ๋ : ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด, ์ฌ๊ณผ ์ด ๊ฐ
์ฃผ์ธ์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 2
(์ํผ๋ง์ผ์์;
in a small supermarket)
์ ์ : ์ด์ ์ค์ธ์.
์ ๋ : ๋นต ์์ด์?
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TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 366
์ ์ : ๋ค, ์์ด์.
์ ๋ : ์ฝ๋ผ๋ ์์ด์?
์ ์ : ์๋์ค, ์์ด์.
์ค๋ ์ง ์ฃผ์ค ์์ด์.
์ ๋ : ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด, ๋นต ํ๋ํ๊ณ
์ค๋ ์ง ์ฃผ์ค ๋ค์ฏ ๋ณ
์ฃผ์ธ์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 3
(์ฃผ๋ฅ ๊ฐ๊ฒ์์;
in a bottle shop)
์ ์ : ์ด์ ์ค์ธ์.
์ ๋ : ๋งฅ์ฃผ ์์ด์?
์ ์ : ๋ค, ์์ด์.
์ ๋ : ์์คํค๋ ์์ด์?
์ ์ : ์๋์ค, ์์ด์.
๋ธ๋๋ ์์ด์.
์ ๋ : ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด,
๋งฅ์ฃผ๋ง ์ค๋ฌด ๋ณ ์ฃผ์ธ์.
Unit 8, Task 10
1. ๋ค์ฏ 2. ์ด 3. ๋
4. ์ํ 5. ์ฌ์ฏ 6. ์ฌ๋
7. ์ 8. ํ๋ 9. ์ผ๊ณฑ
10. ๋ท
11. ์ 12. ์ฌ๋ 13. ์ผ๊ณฑ
14. ๋ค์ฏ 15. ์ํ 16. ์ด
17. ๋ท 18. ๋ 19. ์ฌ์ฏ
20. ํ๋
Unit 8, Task 11
1. ์ด๋ท 2. ์ด์ผ๊ณฑ 3. ์ดํ๋
4. ์ด์ํ 5. ์ด์ฌ์ฏ 6. ์ด์ฌ๋
7. ์ด์ 8. ์ด๋ 9. ์ด๋ค์ฏ
10. ์ค๋ฌผ
Unit 8, Task 14
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 1
์ข ์ ์ : ์ด์ ์ค์ธ์.
์ ๋ : ์ฝ๋ผ ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 2
์ข ์ ์ : ์ด์ ์ค์ธ์.
์ ๋ : ์ปคํผ ํ๋ํ๊ณ
์ค๋ ์ง ์ฃผ์ค ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 3
์ข ์ ์ : ์ด์ ์ค์ธ์.
๋ญ ๋๋ฆด๊น์?
์ ๋ : ์ปคํผ ๋ค์ฏํ๊ณ
์ฐ์ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์.
Unit 9, Task 1
1. ์ค 2. ์ญ 3. ์ด
4. ๊ตฌ 5. ์ก 6. ํ
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TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 367
7. ์ผ 8. ์ผ 9. ๊ณต
10. ์ฌ 11. ์น
12. ์ผ 13. ์ค 14. ์น
15. ์ผ 16. ๊ตฌ 17. ์ญ
18. ์ฌ 19. ์ด 20. ์ก
21. ๊ณต 22. ํ
Unit 9, Task 2
1. ์ญ์ฌ 2. ์ญ์น 3. ์ญ์ด
4. ์ญ๊ตฌ 5. ์ญ์ก 6. ์ญํ
7. ์ญ์ผ 8. ์ญ์ผ 9. ์ญ์ค
10. ์ด์ญ
Unit 9, Task 3
1. ์ฌ์ญ 2. ์น ์ญ 3. ์ด์ญ
4. ๊ตฌ์ญ 5. ์ก์ญ 6. ํ์ญ
7. ์ผ์ญ 8. ์ญ 9. ์ค์ญ
10. ๋ฐฑ
11. ์ผ์ญ 12. ์ญ 13. ์ค์ญ
14. ๊ตฌ์ญ 15. ์ด์ญ 16. ์น ์ญ
17. ์ฌ์ญ 18. ํ์ญ 19. ๋ฐฑ
20. ์ก์ญ
Unit 9, Task 6
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 1
์ ์ : ์ด์ ์ค์ธ์.
์ ๋ : ์์ด์คํฌ๋ฆผ ํ๋ํ๊ณ
์น์ฆ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์.
์ ์ : ์ฌ๊ธฐ ์์ต๋๋ค.
์ ๋ : ์ผ๋ง์์?
์ ์ : ์ด์ฒ์ค๋ฐฑ ์์ด์์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 2
์ ์ : ์ด์ ์ค์ธ์.
์ ๋ : ํ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ ๋ํ๊ณ
์ฝ๋ผ ํ๋ ์ฃผ์ธ์.
์ ์ : ์ฌ๊ธฐ ์์ต๋๋ค.
์ ๋ : ์ผ๋ง์์?
์ ์ : ์ผ์ฒ์น ๋ฐฑ ์์ด์์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 3
์ ์ : ์ด์ ์ค์ธ์.
์ ๋ : ์์ด์คํฌ๋ฆผ ๋ ๊ฐํ๊ณ
ํ๋ ์น ํ๋ผ์ด์ฆ ๋ ๊ฐ
์ฃผ์ธ์.
์ ์ : ์ฌ๊ธฐ ์์ต๋๋ค.
์ ๋ : ์ผ๋ง์์?
์ ์ : ์ด์ฒํ๋ฐฑ ์์ด์์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 4
์ ์ : ์ด์ ์ค์ธ์.
์ ๋ : ํ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ ๋ทํ๊ณ
์ฝ๋ผ ๋ํ๊ณ
์ปคํผ ์ ์ฃผ์ธ์.
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TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 368
์ ์ : ์ฌ๊ธฐ ์์ต๋๋ค.
์ ๋ : ์ผ๋ง์์?
์ ์ : ํ์ฒ๊ตฌ๋ฐฑ ์์ด์์.
Unit 9, Task 8
1. A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?
B : ์ด๋ ์ ์ผ์ญ ๋ถ์ด์์.
2.A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?
B : ์ผ๊ณฑ ์ ์ญ์ค ๋ถ์ด์์.
3.A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?
B : ๋ค์ฏ ์ ์ฌ์ญ์ค ๋ถ์ด์์.
4.A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?
B : ์ธ ์ ์ผ์ญ ๋ถ์ด์์.
5.A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?
B : ์ํ ์ ์ญ์ค ๋ถ์ด์์.
6.A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?
B : ์ด ์ ์ญ์ค ๋ถ์ด์์.
7.A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?
B : ๋ ์ ์ฌ์ญ์ค ๋ถ์ด์์.
8.A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?
B : ๋ค ์ ์ผ์ญ ๋ถ์ด์์.
9.A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?
B : ์ดํ ์ ์ฌ์ญ์ค๋ถ์ด์์.
10.A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?
B : ์ฌ์ฏ ์ ์ผ์ญ ๋ถ์ด์์.
11.A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?
B : ํ ์ ์ญ์ค ๋ถ์ด์์.
12.A : ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์?
B : ์ฌ๋ ์ ์ฌ์ญ์ค ๋ถ์ด์์.
Unit 9, Task 13
1.์ ๋ฏธ : ์ฑ ์ ์ผ๋ง์์?
์ฌ๋ 1 : ์ด๋ง ์์ด์์.
2.์ ๋ฏธ : ๋์ฅ๊ณ ์ผ๋ง์์?
์ฌ๋ 2 : ์ญ๋ง ์์ด์์.
3.์ ๋ฏธ : ์นจ๋ ์ผ๋ง์์?
์ฌ๋ 3 : ์ฌ๋ง ์์ด์์.
์ ๋ฏธ : ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด,
์ฑ ์ฅ์ ์ผ๋ง์์?
์ฌ๋ 3 : ๊ตฌ์ฒ ์์ด์์.
4.์ ๋ฏธ : ํ ๋ ๋น์ ์ผ๋ง์์?
์ฌ๋ 4 : ์น ๋ง ์์ด์์.
์ ๋ฏธ : ์ํ๋์?
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TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 369
์ฌ๋ 4 : ์ํ๋
์ด์ญ๋ง ์์ด์์.
์ ๋ฏธ : ๋ค, ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค.
๊ณ ๋ง์ต๋๋ค.
Unit 10, Task 7
1. A : ์์ผ์ด ์ธ์ ์์?
B : ์ค ์ ์ด์ญ์น ์ผ์ด์์.
2. A : ์์ผ์ด ์ธ์ ์์?
B : ์ผ ์ ์ด์ญ์ฌ ์ผ์ด์์.
3. A : ์์ผ์ด ์ธ์ ์์?
B : ์ ์ ์ญ์น ์ผ์ด์์.
4. A : ์์ผ์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋ผ์?
B : ๊ตฌ ์ ์ญ์ค ์ผ์ด์์.
5. A : ์์ผ์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์?
B : ์ผ ์ ์ผ์ญ์ผ ์ผ์ด์์.
6. A : ์์ผ์ด ์ธ์ ์์?
B : ์ฌ ์ ์ญ์ก ์ผ์ด์์.
7. A : ์์ผ์ด ์ธ์ ์์?
B : ์น ์ ์ด์ญ๊ตฌ ์ผ์ด์์.
8. A : ์์ผ์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์?
B : ์ญ์ผ ์ ์ด์ญ์ผ ์ผ์ด์์.
9. A : ์์ผ์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋ผ์?
B : ์ด ์ ์ค์ผ์ด์์.
10. A : ์์ผ์ด ์ธ์ ์์?
B : ์ญ์ด ์ ์ด์ญ์น ์ผ์ด์์.
11. A : ์์ผ์ด ์ธ์ ์์?
B : ํ ์ ์ญ ์ผ์ด์์.
12. A : ์์ผ์ด ์ธ์ ์์?
B : ์ ์ ์ญ์น ์ผ์ด์์.
Unit 10, Task 8
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 1
A : ์ฑํจ์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์?
B : ๊ถ๋ณ์์์.
A : ๊ถ--๋ณ--์.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์๋ ์์ผ์ด
์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์?
B : ์ฒ๊ตฌ๋ฐฑ์ค์ญ ๋
์ผ ์ ์ด์ญ๊ตฌ ์ผ์ด์์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 2
A : ์ฑํจ์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์?
B : ์ด์์ง์ด์์.
A : ์ด--์--์ง.
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TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 370
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์๋ ์์ผ์ด
์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์?
B : ์ฒ๊ตฌ๋ฐฑ์ก์ญ์น ๋
์ค ์ ํ ์ผ์ด์์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 3
A : ์ฑํจ์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์?
B : ๊น์ฑ์ฐ์์.
A : ๊น--์ฑ--์ฐ.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์๋ ์์ผ์ด
์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์?
B : ์ฒ๊ตฌ๋ฐฑ์ฌ์ญ์ผ ๋
์น ์ ์ญ๊ตฌ ์ผ์ด์์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 4
A : ์ฑํจ์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์?
B : ๋ฐ์ ํ์ด์์.
A : ๋ฐ--์ --ํ.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์๋ ์์ผ์ด
์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์?
B : ์ฒ๊ตฌ๋ฐฑ์ก์ญ์ด ๋
์ฌ ์ ์ญ์ด ์ผ์ด์์.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 5
A : ์ด๋ฆ์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋ผ์?
B : ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์์ด์์.
A : ์กฐ--๊ฒฝ--์.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์๋ ์์ผ์ด
์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋ผ์?
B : ์ฒ๊ตฌ๋ฐฑ์น ์ญํ ๋
๊ตฌ์ ์ด์ญ์ผ ์ผ์ด์์.
The last form is for you. The
clerk will ask you your name
and birthdate. Tell them to her
and write them down on the
form.
๋ ํ(Dialogue) 6
A : ์ฑํจ์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์?
B : _________________.
A :๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์๋ ์์ผ์ด
์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ธ์?
B : _______๋
_______์ ______์ผ์ด์์.
Unit 10, Task 9
1.์ ๋ฏธ : ์ ๊ธฐ ์ ์ฌ๋
๋๊ตฌ์์?
์น ๊ตฌ : ๊น์ฑ์ค ์จ์์.
์ ๋ฏธ : ๋ช ์ด์ด์์?
์น ๊ตฌ : ์ค๋ฌผ์ํ ์ด์ด์์.
์ ๋ฏธ : ์ง์ ์ ๋ญ์์?
์น ๊ตฌ : ์ปดํจํฐ ์์ง๋์ด์์.
2.์ ๋ฏธ : ๊ทธ๋ผ, ์ ๊ธฐ ์ ์ฌ๋์
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TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 371
๋๊ตฌ์์?
์น ๊ตฌ : ์กฐ๊ฒฝํฌ ์จ์์.
์ ๋ฏธ : ๋ช ์ด์ด์์?
์น ๊ตฌ : ์๋ฅธ์ฌ์ฏ ์ด์ด์์.
์ ๋ฏธ : ์ง์ ์ ๋ญ์์?
์น ๊ตฌ : ์ ์น๊ฐ์์.
3.์ ๋ฏธ : ๊ทธ๋ผ, ์ ๊ธฐ ์ ์ฌ๋์
๋๊ตฌ์์?
์น ๊ตฌ : ์ด์ ๋ฏธ ์จ์์.
์ ๋ฏธ : ์ง์ ์ด ๋ญ์์?
์น ๊ตฌ : ๋ณํธ์ฌ์์.
์ ๋ฏธ : ๋์ด๊ฐ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋ผ์?
์น ๊ตฌ : ์๋ฅธ๋ค ์ด์ด์์.
4.์ ๋ฏธ: ๊ทธ๋ผ, ์ ๊ธฐ ์ ์ฌ๋์
๋๊ตฌ์์?
์น ๊ตฌ : ์ก์ค์ ์จ์์.
์ ๋ฏธ : ๋์ด๊ฐ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋ผ์?
์น ๊ตฌ : ๋งํ ์ด์ด์์.
์ ๋ฏธ : ์ง์ ์ด ๋ญ์์?
์น ๊ตฌ : ์์ฌ์์.
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TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 372
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APPENDIX
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APPENDIX
374
Notes for Verb and Adjective Tables
An asterisk (*) following a word in the table is used to indicate an exception
to the conjugation rule. For example, ๋์ธ์ is the Honorific form of eat
(not ๋จน์ผ์ธ์ ).
Where headings do not distinguish between a question or statement form,
the same form is used for both.
An โxโ indicates that the conjugation for that cell is not applicable. For
example, there is no formal Honorific form of ์ธ(cheap), โ์ธ์ญ๋๋คโ,
because the subject of the sentence would not be a human being and
therefore we cannot use an honorific form.
A โqโ following a word in the table is used to indicate that the form given
only applies to questions. For example, ๋ง์์ผ์ธ์? can only be used to
say โDo you find it delicious?โ and not โThat food is deliciousโ, because the
subject of the sentence is not a human being and therefore we cannot use an
honorific form.
The Korean words for handsome, old (human being), old (things), thin
(people) and ugly are often used with ์, so this has been added to the
stems of each (stem+์):
์์๊ธฐ+์ ์์๊ฒผ
๋+์ ๋์
๋ก+์ ๋ก์
๋ง๋ฅด+์ ๋ง๋
๋ชป์๊ธฐ+์ ๋ชป์๊ฒผ
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APPENDIX 375
For certain perception words such ํฅ๋ฏธ์ (interesting) and ํผ๊ณคํ(tired),
the Honorific statement form(+์ผ์ธ์) cannot be used for third persons.
Therefore, this form has been omitted from the tables, where the +์/์ด
ํ์ธ์ form can be used as the alternative.
์ซ (hate; dislike) is listed under the title of adjectives since it is an adjective
in Korean and does not follow the same conjugation rules as a verb.
Instead of dictionary form, the verb or adjective stem has been provided in
the following appendices. Therefore, you will need to add ๋ค to the stem to
look up a particular word in the dictionary. For example,์ซ would appear
under ์ซ๋ค.
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APPENDIX
376
Special Conjugation Rules of Verb & Adjective
ใ
rule
When the stem ends in ใ , the ใ is removed when the next
syllable starts with a vowel. For example, ์ง (build) becomes
์ง์ด์( build) and ์ง์ผ๋ฉด (if you build).
ใท
Rule
When the stem ends in ใท, the ใท is removed when the next
syllable starts with a vowel . For example, ๋ฃ becomes ๋ค์ด์
(listen).
ใน
rule
When the stem ends in ใน, the ใน is removed when the next
syllable starts with ใด, ใน, ใ , ์ค, or ์ . For example, ๊ธธ(long)
becomes ๊น๋๋ค (is long) and ๊ธฐ๋๊น (because itโs long).
ใ
rule
When the stem ends in ใ , the ใ changes into ์ค before +์
and ์ฐ before +์ด. For example, ๋ becomes ๋์์(help)
and ์๋ฆ๋ต becomes ์๋ฆ๋ค์์(beautiful).
์ผ
rule
When the stem ends in ใ ก, the ใ ก is deleted when the next
syllable starts with a vowel. For example, ํฌ (big)
becomes ์ปค์(is big) and ์ํ(sick) becomes ์ํ์(is sick).
๋ฅด
rule
When forming the +์/์ด form of stems that end in ๋ฅด, ๋ฅด is
deleted and +ใน๋ผ/ใน๋ฌ are added to the stem. For example
์๋ฅด becomes ์๋ผ์(cut) and ๋ถ๋ฅด becomes ๋ถ๋ฌ์(sing).
์ฌ
rule
For stems ending in ํ, ํ์ฌ can be found instead of ํด in
some formal writing.
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APPENDIX 377
ใ
rule
When the adjective stem ends in ใ , the ใ is deleted when the
next syllable starts with ใด or ใ . For example, ํ๋
becomes ํ๋ผ๋ฉด (ifโฆis blue).
The following rules are less common:
๊ฑฐ๋ผ
rule
When forming the +์/์ด๋ผ form of ๊ฐ (go) to give a
command, ๊ฐ๊ฑฐ๋ผ is used.
๋๋ผ
rule
When forming the +์/์ด๋ผ form of ์ค (come) to give a
command, ์ค๋๋ผ is used.
๋ฌ
rule
When forming the +์ด or +์ด์ form of some stems such as
์ด๋ฅด and ํธ๋ฅด, +๋ฌ and +๋ฌ์ are used instead. For example,
์ด๋ฅด๋ฌ์(reach so that); ํธ๋ฅด๋ฌ์(is blue so that).
์ฐ
rule
When forming the +์ด or +์ด์ form of some stems such as
ํธ, ใ is deleted. For example ํผ์(scoop up and).
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APPENDIX
378
Appendix 1: Copular โbeโ
Present Tense (โisโ and โareโ)
Casual Question
Casual Question
Casual Polite Honorific
be +๋?
+์ด๋?
+๋?
+์ด๋?
+์ผ
+์ด์ผ
+์์
+์ด์์
+์ธ์
+์ด์ธ์
be not ์๋๋? ์๋๋? ์๋์ผ ์๋์์ ์๋์ธ์
Past Tense (โwasโ and โwereโ)
Casual Question
Casual Question
Casual Polite Honorific
be +์๋?
+์ด์๋?
+์๋?
+์ด์๋?
+์์ด
+์ด์์ด
+์์ด์
+์ด์์ด์
+์ จ์ด์
+์ด์ จ์ด์
be not ์๋์๋? ์๋์๋? ์๋์์ด ์๋์์ด์ ์๋์ จ์ด์
Future Tense (โwill beโ)
Casual Question
Casual Question
Casual Polite Honorific
be x x (+ใน ๊ฑฐ์ผ)
+์ผ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
(+ใน ๊ฑฐ์์)
+์ผ ๊ฑฐ์์
+์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
+์ด์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
be not x x ์๋ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์๋ ๊ฑฐ์์ ์๋์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
With +ใด๋ฐ(์) ending
Present Past Future (Suppostition)
be (+ใด๋ฐ(์))
+์ธ๋ฐ(์)
+์๋๋ฐ(์)
+์ด์๋๋ฐ(์)
(+ใน ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์))
+์ผ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
be not ์๋๋ฐ(์) x ์๋ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
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APPENDIX 379
Formal
Statement
Formal Statement Honorific
Formal Question
Formal Question Honorific
be (+ใ ๋๋ค)
+์ ๋๋ค
+์ญ๋๋ค
+์ด์ญ๋๋ค
(+ใ ๋๊น?)
+์ ๋๊น?
+์ญ๋๊น?
+์ด์ญ๋๊น?
be not ์๋๋๋ค ์๋์ญ๋๋ค ์๋๋๊น? ์๋์ญ๋๊น?
Formal
Statement
Formal Statement Honorific
Formal Question
Formal Question Honorific
be +์์ต๋๋ค
+์ด์์ต๋๋ค
+์ จ์ต๋๋ค
+์ด์ จ์ต๋๋ค
+์์ต๋๊น?
+์ด์์ต๊น?
+์ จ์ต๋๊น?
+์ด์ จ์ต๋๊น?
be not ์๋์์ต๋๋ค ์๋์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์๋์์ต๋๊น? ์๋์ จ์ต๋๊น?
Formal Statement
Formal Statement Honorific
Formal Question
Formal Question Honorific
be (+ใน ๊ฒ๋๋ค)
+์ผ ๊ฒ๋๋ค
+์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
+์ด์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
x x
be not ์๋ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์๋์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค x x
With +๊ณ ending
Present Past Future (Suppostition)
be +๊ณ
+์ด๊ณ
+์๊ณ
+์ด์๊ณ
(+ใน ๊ฑฐ๊ณ )
+์ผ ๊ฑฐ๊ณ
be not ์๋๊ณ ์๋์๊ณ ์๋ ๊ฑฐ๊ณ
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APPENDIX
380
Appendix 2: Verb Present Tense Endings
Stem Casual Question +๋?
Casual Question +๋?
Casual (Polite) +์/์ด(์)
Honorific +(์ผ)์ธ์
ask ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด๋ ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด๋ ๋ฌผ์ด๋ด(์) ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด์ธ์
build ์ง ์ง๋ ์ง๋ ์ง์ด(์) ์ง์ผ์ธ์
buy ์ฌ ์ฌ๋ ์ฌ๋ ์ฌ(์) ์ฌ์ธ์
call ์ ํํ ์ ํํ๋ ์ ํํ๋ ์ ํํด(์) ์ ํํ์ธ์
choose ๊ณ ๋ฅด ๊ณ ๋ฅด๋ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๋ ๊ณจ๋ผ(์) ๊ณ ๋ฅด์ธ์
clean ์ฒญ์ํ ์ฒญ์ํ๋ ์ฒญ์ํ๋ ์ฒญ์ํด(์) ์ฒญ์ํ์ธ์
come ์ค ์ค๋ ์ค๋ ์(์) ์ค์ธ์
cook (์์) ๋ง๋ค ๋ง๋๋ ๋ง๋๋ ๋ง๋ค์ด(์) ๋ง๋์ธ์
dance (์ถค) ์ถ ์ถ๋ ์ถ๋ ์ถฐ(์) ์ถ์ธ์
do ํ ํ๋ ํ๋ ํด(์) ํ์ธ์
draw ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ทธ๋ ค(์) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์ธ์
drink ๋ง์ ๋ง์๋ ๋ง์๋ ๋ง์ (์) ๋์ธ์*
eat ๋จน ๋จน๋ ๋จน๋ ๋จน์ด(์) ๋์ธ์*
give ์ฃผ ์ฃผ๋ ์ฃผ๋ ์ค(์) ์ฃผ์ธ์
go ๊ฐ ๊ฐ๋ ๊ฐ๋ ๊ฐ(์) ๊ฐ์ธ์
go regularly ๋ค๋ ๋ค๋๋ ๋ค๋๋ ๋ค๋ (์) ๋ค๋์ธ์
help ๋์์ฃผ ๋์์ฃผ๋ ๋์์ฃผ๋ ๋์(์) ๋์์ฃผ์ธ์
leave ๋ ๋ ๋ ๋๋ ๋ ๋๋ ๋ ๋(์) ๋ ๋์ธ์
listen ๋ฃ ๋ฃ๋ ๋ฃ๋ ๋ค์ด(์) ๋ค์ผ์ธ์
live ์ด ์ฌ๋ ์ฌ๋ ์ด์(์) ์ฌ์ธ์
marry ๊ฒฐํผํ ๊ฒฐํผํ๋ ๊ฒฐํผํ๋ ๊ฒฐํผํด(์) ๊ฒฐํผํ์ธ์
meet ๋ง๋ ๋ง๋๋ ๋ง๋๋ ๋ง๋(์) ๋ง๋์ธ์
order ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ๋ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ๋ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํด(์) ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ์ธ์
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APPENDIX 381
Formal Statement +ใ /์ต๋๋ค
Formal StatementHonorific +(์ผ)์ญ๋๋ค
Formal Question +ใ /์ต๋๊น?
Formal Question Honorific +(์ผ)์ญ๋๊น?
๋ฌผ์ด๋ด ๋๋ค ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด์ญ๋๋ค ๋ฌผ์ด๋ด ๋๊น ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด์ญ๋๊น
์ง์ต๋๋ค ์ง์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ์ง์ต๋๊น ์ง์ผ์ญ๋๊น
์ฝ๋๋ค ์ฌ์ญ๋๋ค ์ฝ๋๊น ์ฌ์ญ๋๊น
์ ํํฉ๋๋ค ์ ํํ์ญ๋๋ค ์ ํํฉ๋๊น ์ ํํ์ญ๋๊น
๊ณ ๋ฆ ๋๋ค ๊ณ ๋ฅด์ญ๋๋ค ๊ณ ๋ฆ ๋๊น ๊ณ ๋ฅด์ญ๋๊น
์ฒญ์ํฉ๋๋ค ์ฒญ์ํ์ญ๋๋ค ์ฒญ์ํฉ๋๊น ์ฒญ์ํ์ญ๋๊น
์ต๋๋ค ์ค์ญ๋๋ค ์ต๋๊น ์ค์ญ๋๊น
๋ง๋ญ๋๋ค ๋ง๋์ญ๋๋ค ๋ง๋ญ๋๊น ๋ง๋์ญ๋๊น
์ถฅ๋๋ค ์ถ์ญ๋๋ค ์ถฅ๋๊น ์ถ์ญ๋๊น
ํฉ๋๋ค ํ์ญ๋๋ค ํฉ๋๊น ํ์ญ๋๊น
๊ทธ๋ฆฝ๋๋ค ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์ญ๋๋ค ๊ทธ๋ฆฝ๋๊น ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์ญ๋๊น
๋ง์ญ๋๋ค ๋์ญ๋๋ค* ๋ง์ญ๋๊น ๋์ญ๋๊น*
๋จน์ต๋๋ค ๋์ญ๋๋ค* ๋จน์ต๋๊น ๋์ญ๋๊น*
์ค๋๋ค ์ฃผ์ญ๋๋ค ์ค๋๊น ์ฃผ์ญ๋๊น
๊ฐ๋๋ค ๊ฐ์ญ๋๋ค ๊ฐ๋๊น ๊ฐ์ญ๋๊น
๋ค๋๋๋ค ๋ค๋์ญ๋๋ค ๋ค๋๋๊น ๋ค๋์ญ๋๊น
๋์์ค๋๋ค ๋์์ฃผ์ญ๋๋ค ๋์์ค๋๊น ๋์์ฃผ์ญ๋๊น
๋ ๋ฉ๋๋ค ๋ ๋์ญ๋๋ค ๋ ๋ฉ๋๊น ๋ ๋์ญ๋๊น
๋ฃ์ต๋๋ค ๋ค์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ๋ฃ์ต๋๊น ๋ค์ผ์ญ๋๊น
์ฝ๋๋ค ์ฌ์ญ๋๋ค ์ฝ๋๊น ์ฌ์ญ๋๊น
๊ฒฐํผํฉ๋๋ค ๊ฒฐํผํ์ญ๋๋ค ๊ฒฐํผํฉ๋๊น ๊ฒฐํผํ์ญ๋๊น
๋ง๋ฉ๋๋ค ๋ง๋์ญ๋๋ค ๋ง๋ฉ๋๊น ๋ง๋์ญ๋๊น
์ฃผ๋ฌธํฉ๋๋ค ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ์ญ๋๋ค ์ฃผ๋ฌธํฉ๋๊น ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ์ญ๋๊น
![Page 402: Book-My Korean 1-Young a.cho](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050805/55cf9358550346f57b9d52ba/html5/thumbnails/402.jpg)
APPENDIX
382
Stem Casual Question +๋?
Casual Question +๋?
Polite +์/์ด์
Honorific +(์ผ)์ธ์
play ์น ์น๋ ์น๋ ์ณ(์) ์น์ธ์
quit (job) ๊ทธ๋ง๋ ๊ทธ๋ง๋๋ ๊ทธ๋ง๋๋ ๊ทธ๋ง๋ฌ(์) ๊ทธ๋ง๋์ธ์
quit (smoking) ๋ ๋๋ ๋๋ ๋์ด(์) ๋์ผ์ธ์
read ์ฝ ์ฝ๋ ์ฝ๋ ์ฝ์ด(์) ์ฝ์ผ์ธ์
rest ์ฌ ์ฌ๋ ์ฌ๋ ์ฌ์ด(์) ์ฌ์ธ์
sing ๋ถ๋ฅด ๋ถ๋ฅด๋ ๋ถ๋ฅด๋ ๋ถ๋ฌ(์) ๋ถ๋ฅด์ธ์
sit down ์ ์๋ ์๋ ์์(์) ์์ผ์ธ์
sleep ์ ์๋ ์๋ ์(์) ์ฃผ๋ฌด์ธ์*
smoke ํผ์ฐ ํผ์ฐ๋ ํผ์ฐ๋ ํผ์(์) ํผ์ฐ์ธ์
speak ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ๋ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ๋ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํด(์) ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ์ธ์
stand up ์ผ์ด๋ ์ผ์ด๋๋ ์ผ์ด๋๋ ์ผ์ด๋(์) ์ผ์ด๋์ธ์
start ์์ํ ์์ํ๋ ์์ํ๋ ์์ํด(์) ์์ํ์ธ์
study ๊ณต๋ถํ ๊ณต๋ถํ๋ ๊ณต๋ถํ๋ ๊ณต๋ถํด(์) ๊ณต๋ถํ์ธ์
swim ์์ํ ์์ํ๋ ์์ํ๋ ์์ํด(์) ์์ํ์ธ์
take (vehicle) ํ ํ๋ ํ๋ ํ(์) ํ์ธ์
talk ๋งํ ๋งํ๋ ๋งํ๋ ๋งํด(์) ๋ง์ํ์ธ์*
wait ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ ค(์) ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ์ธ์
walk ๊ฑท ๊ฑท๋ ๊ฑท๋ ๊ฑธ์ด(์) ๊ฑธ์ผ์ธ์
watch ๋ณด ๋ณด๋ ๋ณด๋ ๋ด(์) ๋ณด์ธ์
wear ์ ์ ๋ ์ ๋ ์ ์ด(์) ์ ์ผ์ธ์
wear (shoes) ์ ์ ๋ ์ ๋ ์ ์ด(์) ์ ์ผ์ธ์
work ์ผํ ์ผํ๋ ์ผํ๋ ์ผํด(์) ์ผํ์ธ์
write ์ฐ ์ฐ๋ ์ฐ๋ ์จ(์) ์ฐ์ธ์
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APPENDIX 383
Formal Statement +ใ /์ต๋๋ค
Formal StatementHonorific +(์ผ)์ญ๋๋ค
Formal Question +ใ /์ต๋๊น?
Formal Question Honorific +(์ผ)์ญ๋๊น?
์นฉ๋๋ค ์น์ญ๋๋ค ์นฉ๋๊น ์น์ญ๋๊น
๊ทธ๋ง๋ก๋๋ค ๊ทธ๋ง๋์ญ๋๋ค ๊ทธ๋ง๋ก๋๊น ๊ทธ๋ง๋์ญ๋๊น
๋์ต๋๋ค ๋์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ๋์ต๋๊น ๋์ผ์ญ๋๊น
์ฝ์ต๋๋ค ์ฝ์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ์ฝ์ต๋๊น ์ฝ์ผ์ญ๋๊น
์ฝ๋๋ค ์ฌ์ญ๋๋ค ์ฝ๋๊น ์ฌ์ญ๋๊น
๋ถ๋ฆ ๋๋ค ๋ถ๋ฅด์ญ๋๋ค ๋ถ๋ฆ ๋๊น ๋ถ๋ฅด์ญ๋๊น
์์ต๋๋ค ์์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ์์ต๋๊น ์์ผ์ญ๋๊น
์ก๋๋ค ์ฃผ๋ฌด์ญ๋๋ค* ์ก๋๊น ์ฃผ๋ฌด์ญ๋๊น*
ํผ์๋๋ค ํผ์ฐ์ญ๋๋ค ํผ์๋๊น ํผ์ฐ์ญ๋๊น
์ด์ผ๊ธฐํฉ๋๋ค ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ์ญ๋๋ค ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํฉ๋๊น ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ์ญ๋๊น
์ผ์ด๋ฉ๋๋ค ์ผ์ด๋์ญ๋๋ค ์ผ์ด๋ฉ๋๊น ์ผ์ด๋์ญ๋๊น
์์ํฉ๋๋ค ์์ํ์ญ๋๋ค ์์ํฉ๋๊น ์์ํ์ญ๋๊น
๊ณต๋ถํฉ๋๋ค ๊ณต๋ถํ์ญ๋๋ค ๊ณต๋ถํฉ๋๊น ๊ณต๋ถํ์ญ๋๊น
์์ํฉ๋๋ค ์์ํ์ญ๋๋ค ์์ํฉ๋๊น ์์ํ์ญ๋๊น
ํ๋๋ค ํ์ญ๋๋ค ํ๋๊น ํ์ญ๋๊น
๋งํฉ๋๋ค ๋ง์ํ์ญ๋๋ค* ๋งํฉ๋๊น ๋ง์ํ์ญ๋๊น*
๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฝ๋๋ค ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ์ญ๋๋ค ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฝ๋๊น ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ์ญ๋๊น
๊ฑท์ต๋๋ค ๊ฑธ์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ๊ฑท์ต๋๊น ๊ฑธ์ผ์ญ๋๊น
๋ด ๋๋ค ๋ณด์ญ๋๋ค ๋ด ๋๊น ๋ณด์ญ๋๊น
์ ์ต๋๋ค ์ ์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ์ ์ต๋๊น ์ ์ผ์ญ๋๊น
์ ์ต๋๋ค ์ ์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ์ ์ต๋๊น ์ ์ผ์ญ๋๊น
์ผํฉ๋๋ค ์ผํ์ญ๋๋ค ์ผํฉ๋๊น ์ผํ์ญ๋๊น
์๋๋ค ์ฐ์ญ๋๋ค ์๋๊น ์ฐ์ญ๋๊น
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APPENDIX
384
Appendix 3: Verb Past Tense Endings
Stem Casual Question +์/์๋?
Casual Question +์/์๋?
Casual(Polite) +์/์์ด(์)
Honorific +(์ผ)์ จ์ด์
ask ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด ๋ฌผ์ด๋ดค๋ ๋ฌผ์ด๋ดค๋ ๋ฌผ์ด๋ดค์ด(์) ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด์ จ์ด์
build ์ง ์ง์๋ ์ง์๋ ์ง์์ด(์) ์ง์ผ์ จ์ด์
buy ์ฌ ์๋ ์๋ ์์ด(์) ์ฌ์ จ์ด์
call ์ ํํ ์ ํํ๋ ์ ํํ๋ ์ ํํ์ด(์) ์ ํํ์ จ์ด์
choose ๊ณ ๋ฅด ๊ณจ๋๋ ๊ณจ๋๋ ๊ณจ๋์ด(์) ๊ณ ๋ฅด์ จ์ด์
clean ์ฒญ์ํ ์ฒญ์ํ๋ ์ฒญ์ํ๋ ์ฒญ์ํ์ด(์) ์ฒญ์ํ์ จ์ด์
come ์ค ์๋ ์๋ ์์ด(์) ์ค์ จ์ด์
cook (์์) ๋ง๋ค ๋ง๋ค์๋ ๋ง๋ค์๋ ๋ง๋ค์์ด(์) ๋ง๋์ จ์ด์
dance (์ถค) ์ถ ์ท๋ ์ท๋ ์ท์ด(์) ์ถ์ จ์ด์
do ํ ํ๋ ํ๋ ํ์ด(์) ํ์ จ์ด์
draw ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ ธ๋ ๊ทธ๋ ธ๋ ๊ทธ๋ ธ์ด(์) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์ จ์ด์
drink ๋ง์ ๋ง์ จ๋ ๋ง์ จ๋ ๋ง์ จ์ด(์) ๋์ จ์ด์*
eat ๋จน ๋จน์๋ ๋จน์๋ ๋จน์์ด(์) ๋์ จ์ด์*
give ์ฃผ ์คฌ๋ ์คฌ๋ ์คฌ์ด(์) ์ฃผ์ จ์ด์
go ๊ฐ ๊ฐ๋ ๊ฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ด(์) ๊ฐ์ จ์ด์
go regularly ๋ค๋ ๋ค๋ ๋ ๋ค๋ ๋ ๋ค๋ ์ด(์) ๋ค๋์ จ์ด์
help ๋์์ฃผ ๋์์คฌ๋ ๋์์คฌ๋ ๋์์คฌ์ด(์) ๋์์ฃผ์ จ์ด์
leave ๋ ๋ ๋ ๋ฌ๋ ๋ ๋ฌ๋ ๋ ๋ฌ์ด(์) ๋ ๋์ จ์ด์
listen ๋ฃ ๋ค์๋ ๋ค์๋ ๋ค์์ด(์) ๋ค์ผ์ จ์ด์
live ์ด ์ด์๋ ์ด์๋ ์ด์์ด(์) ์ฌ์ จ์ด์
marry ๊ฒฐํผํ ๊ฒฐํผํ๋ ๊ฒฐํผํ๋ ๊ฒฐํผํ์ด(์) ๊ฒฐํผํ์ จ์ด์
meet ๋ง๋ ๋ง๋ฌ๋ ๋ง๋ฌ๋ ๋ง๋ฌ์ด(์) ๋ง๋์ จ์ด์
order ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ๋ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ๋ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ์ด(์) ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ์ จ์ด์
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APPENDIX 385
Formal Statement +์/์์ต๋๋ค
Formal StatementHonorific +(์ผ)์ จ์ต๋๋ค
Formal Question +์/์์ต๋๊น?
Formal Question Honorific +(์ผ)์ จ์ต๋๊น?
๋ฌผ์ด๋ดค์ต๋๋ค ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋ฌผ์ด๋ดค์ต๋๊น ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ง์์ต๋๋ค ์ง์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ง์์ต๋๊น ์ง์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์์ต๋๋ค ์ฌ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์์ต๋๊น ์ฌ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ ํํ์ต๋๋ค ์ ํํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ ํํ์ต๋๊น ์ ํํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๊ณจ๋์ต๋๋ค ๊ณ ๋ฅด์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๊ณจ๋์ต๋๊น ๊ณ ๋ฅด์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ฒญ์ํ์ต๋๋ค ์ฒญ์ํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ฒญ์ํ์ต๋๊น ์ฒญ์ํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์์ต๋๋ค ์ค์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์์ต๋๊น ์ค์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ง๋ค์์ต๋๋ค ๋ง๋์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋ง๋ค์์ต๋๊น ๋ง๋์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ท์ต๋๋ค ์ถ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ท์ต๋๊น ์ถ์ จ์ต๋๊น
ํ์ต๋๋ค ํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ํ์ต๋๊น ํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๊ทธ๋ ธ์ต๋๋ค ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๊ทธ๋ ธ์ต๋๊น ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ง์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋์ จ์ต๋๋ค* ๋ง์ จ์ต๋๊น ๋์ จ์ต๋๊น*
๋จน์์ต๋๋ค ๋์ จ์ต๋๋ค* ๋จน์์ต๋๊น ๋์ จ์ต๋๊น*
์คฌ์ต๋๋ค ์ฃผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์คฌ์ต๋๊น ์ฃผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๊ฐ์ต๋๋ค ๊ฐ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๊ฐ์ต๋๊น ๊ฐ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ค๋ ์ต๋๋ค ๋ค๋์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋ค๋ ์ต๋๊น ๋ค๋์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋์์ต๋๋ค ๋์์ฃผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋์์ต๋๊น ๋์์ฃผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ ๋ฌ์ต๋๋ค ๋ ๋์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋ ๋ฌ์ต๋๊น ๋ ๋์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ค์์ต๋๋ค ๋ค์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋ค์์ต๋๊น ๋ค์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ด์์ต๋๋ค ์ฌ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ด์์ต๋๊น ์ฌ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๊ฒฐํผํ์ต๋๋ค ๊ฒฐํผํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๊ฒฐํผํ์ต๋๊น ๊ฒฐํผํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ง๋ฌ์ต๋๋ค ๋ง๋์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋ง๋ฌ์ต๋๊น ๋ง๋์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ฃผ๋ฌธํ์ต๋๋ค ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ์ต๋๊น ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
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APPENDIX
386
Stem Casual Question +์/์๋?
Casual Question +์/์๋?
Casual(Polite) +์/์์ด(์)
Honorific +(์ผ)์ จ์ด์
play ์น ์ณค๋ ์ณค๋ ์ณค์ด(์) ์น์ จ์ด์
quit (job) ๊ทธ๋ง๋ ๊ทธ๋ง๋๋ ๊ทธ๋ง๋๋ ๊ทธ๋ง๋์ด(์) ๊ทธ๋ง๋์ จ์ด์
quit
(smoking) ๋ ๋์๋ ๋์๋ ๋์์ด(์) ๋์ผ์ จ์ด์
read ์ฝ ์ฝ์๋ ์ฝ์๋ ์ฝ์์ด(์) ์ฝ์ผ์ จ์ด์
rest ์ฌ ์ฌ์๋ ์ฌ์๋ ์ฌ์์ด(์) ์ฌ์ จ์ด์
sing ๋ถ๋ฅด ๋ถ๋ ๋ ๋ถ๋ ๋ ๋ถ๋ ์ด(์) ๋ถ๋ฅด์ จ์ด์
sit down ์ ์์๋ ์์๋ ์์์ด(์) ์์ผ์ จ์ด์
sleep ์ ์ค๋ ์ค๋ ์ค์ด(์) ์ฃผ๋ฌด์ จ์ด์*
smoke ํผ์ฐ ํผ์ ๋ ํผ์ ๋ ํผ์ ์ด(์) ํผ์ฐ์ จ์ด์
speak ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ๋ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ๋ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ์ด(์) ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ์ จ์ด์
stand up ์ผ์ด๋ ์ผ์ด๋ฌ๋ ์ผ์ด๋ฌ๋ ์ผ์ด๋ฌ์ด(์) ์ผ์ด๋์ จ์ด์
start ์์ํ ์์ํ๋ ์์ํ๋ ์์ํ์ด(์) ์์ํ์ จ์ด์
study ๊ณต๋ถํ ๊ณต๋ถํ๋ ๊ณต๋ถํ๋ ๊ณต๋ถํ์ด(์) ๊ณต๋ถํ์ จ์ด์
swim ์์ํ ์์ํ๋ ์์ํ๋ ์์ํ์ด(์) ์์ํ์ จ์ด์
take (vehicle) ํ ํ๋ ํ๋ ํ์ด(์) ํ์ จ์ด์
talk ๋งํ ๋งํ๋ ๋งํ๋ ๋งํ์ด(์) ๋ง์ํ์ จ์ด์*
wait ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ ธ๋ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ ธ๋ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ ธ์ด(์) ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ์ จ์ด์
walk ๊ฑท ๊ฑธ์๋ ๊ฑธ์๋ ๊ฑธ์์ด(์) ๊ฑธ์ผ์ จ์ด์
watch ๋ณด ๋ดค๋ ๋ดค๋ ๋ดค์ด(์) ๋ณด์ จ์ด์
wear ์ ์ ์๋ ์ ์๋ ์ ์์ด(์) ์ ์ผ์ จ์ด์
wear (shoes) ์ ์ ์๋ ์ ์๋ ์ ์์ด(์) ์ ์ผ์ จ์ด์
work ์ผํ ์ผํ๋ ์ผํ๋ ์ผํ์ด(์) ์ผํ์ จ์ด์
write ์ฐ ์ผ๋ ์ผ๋ ์ผ์ด(์) ์ฐ์ จ์ด์
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APPENDIX 387
Formal Statement +์/์์ต๋๋ค
Formal StatementHonorific +(์ผ)์ จ์ต๋๋ค
Formal Question +์/์์ต๋๊น?
Formal Question Honorific +(์ผ)์ จ์ต๋๊น?
์ณค์ต๋๋ค ์น์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ณค์ต๋๊น ์น์ จ์ต๋๊น
๊ทธ๋ง๋์ต๋๋ค ๊ทธ๋ง๋์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๊ทธ๋ง๋์ต๋๊น ๊ทธ๋ง๋์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋์์ต๋๋ค ๋์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋์์ต๋๊น ๋์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ฝ์์ต๋๋ค ์ฝ์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ฝ์์ต๋๊น ์ฝ์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ฌ์์ต๋๋ค ์ฌ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ฌ์์ต๋๊น ์ฌ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ถ๋ ์ต๋๋ค ๋ถ๋ฅด์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋ถ๋ ์ต๋๊น ๋ถ๋ฅด์ จ์ต๋๊น
์์์ต๋๋ค ์์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์์์ต๋๊น ์์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ค์ต๋๋ค ์ฃผ๋ฌด์ จ์ต๋๋ค* ์ค์ต๋๊น ์ฃผ๋ฌด์ จ์ต๋๊น*
ํผ์ ์ต๋๋ค ํผ์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ํผ์ ์ต๋๊น ํผ์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ์ต๋๋ค ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ์ต๋๊น ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ผ์ด๋ฌ์ต๋๋ค ์ผ์ด๋์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ผ์ด๋ฌ์ต๋๊น ์ผ์ด๋์ จ์ต๋๊น
์์ํ์ต๋๋ค ์์ํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์์ํ์ต๋๊น ์์ํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๊ณต๋ถํ์ต๋๋ค ๊ณต๋ถํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๊ณต๋ถํ์ต๋๊น ๊ณต๋ถํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์์ํ์ต๋๋ค ์์ํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์์ํ์ต๋๊น ์์ํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
ํ์ต๋๋ค ํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ํ์ต๋๊น ํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋งํ์ต๋๋ค ๋ง์ํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค* ๋งํ์ต๋๊น ๋ง์ํ์ จ์ต๋๊น*
๊ธฐ๋ค๋ ธ์ต๋๋ค ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ ธ์ต๋๊น ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๊ฑธ์์ต๋๋ค ๊ฑธ์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๊ฑธ์์ต๋๊น ๊ฑธ์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ดค์ต๋๋ค ๋ณด์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋ดค์ต๋๊น ๋ณด์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ ์์ต๋๋ค ์ ์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ ์์ต๋๊น ์ ์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ ์์ต๋๋ค ์ ์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ ์์ต๋๊น ์ ์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ผํ์ต๋๋ค ์ผํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ผํ์ต๋๊น ์ผํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ผ์ต๋๋ค ์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ผ์ต๋๊น ์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๊น
![Page 408: Book-My Korean 1-Young a.cho](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050805/55cf9358550346f57b9d52ba/html5/thumbnails/408.jpg)
APPENDIX
388
Appendix 4: Verb Future Tense Endings
Stem Casual +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ์ผ
Polite +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ์์
Honorific +(์ผ)์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
ask ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณผ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณผ ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
build ์ง ์ง์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ง์ ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ง์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
buy ์ฌ ์ด ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ด ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ฌ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
call ์ ํํ ์ ํํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ ํํ ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ ํํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
choose ๊ณ ๋ฅด ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์์ ๊ณ ๋ฅด์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
clean ์ฒญ์ํ ์ฒญ์ํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ฒญ์ํ ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ฒญ์ํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
come ์ค ์ฌ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ฌ ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ค์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
cook (์์) ๋ง๋ค ๋ง๋ค ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ง๋ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ง๋์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
dance (์ถค) ์ถ ์ถ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ถ ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ถ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
do ํ ํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ํ ๊ฑฐ์์ ํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
draw ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆด ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๊ทธ๋ฆด ๊ฑฐ์์ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
drink ๋ง์ ๋ง์ค ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ง์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋์ค ๊ฑฐ์์*
eat ๋จน ๋จน์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋จน์ ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋์ค ๊ฑฐ์์*
give ์ฃผ ์ค ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ฃผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
go ๊ฐ ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์์ ๊ฐ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
go regularly ๋ค๋ ๋ค๋ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ค๋ ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ค๋์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
help ๋์์ฃผ ๋์์ค ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋์์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋์์ฃผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
leave ๋ ๋ ๋ ๋ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ ๋ ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ ๋์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
listen ๋ฃ ๋ค์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ค์ ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ค์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
live ์ด ์ด ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ด ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ฌ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
marry ๊ฒฐํผํ ๊ฒฐํผํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๊ฒฐํผํ ๊ฑฐ์์ ๊ฒฐํผํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
meet ๋ง๋ ๋ง๋ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ง๋ ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ง๋์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
order ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
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APPENDIX 389
Formal Statement +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฒ๋๋ค
Formal Statement Honorific +(์ผ)์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
Formal Question +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฒ๋๊น?
Formal Question Honorific +(์ผ)์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น?
๋ฌผ์ด๋ณผ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณผ ๊ฒ๋๊น? ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
์ง์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ง์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ง์ ๊ฒ๋๊น ์ง์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
์ด ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ฌ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ด ๊ฒ๋๊น ์ฌ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
์ ํํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ ํํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ ํํ ๊ฒ๋๊น ์ ํํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๊ณ ๋ฅด์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ๋๊น ๊ณ ๋ฅด์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
์ฒญ์ํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ฒญ์ํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ฒญ์ํ ๊ฒ๋๊น ์ฒญ์ํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
์ฌ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ค์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ฌ ๊ฒ๋๊น ์ค์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
๋ง๋ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ง๋์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ง๋ค ๊ฒ๋๊น ๋ง๋์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
์ถ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ถ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ถ ๊ฒ๋๊น ์ถ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
ํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ํ ๊ฒ๋๊น ํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
๊ทธ๋ฆด ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๊ทธ๋ฆด ๊ฒ๋๊น ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
๋ง์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค* ๋ง์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น ๋์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น*
๋จน์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค* ๋จน์ ๊ฒ๋๊น ๋์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น*
์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ฃผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น ์ฃผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
๊ฐ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๊ฐ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๊ฐ ๊ฒ๋๊น ๊ฐ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
๋ค๋ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ค๋์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ๋๊น ๋ค๋์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
๋์์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋์์ฃผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋์์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น ๋์์ฃผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
๋ ๋ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ ๋์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ ๋ ๊ฒ๋๊น ๋ ๋์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
๋ค์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ค์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ค์ ๊ฒ๋๊น ๋ค์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
์ด ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ฌ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ด ๊ฒ๋๊น ์ฌ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
๊ฒฐํผํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๊ฒฐํผํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๊ฒฐํผํ ๊ฒ๋๊น ๊ฒฐํผํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
๋ง๋ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ง๋์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ง๋ ๊ฒ๋๊น ๋ง๋์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
์ฃผ๋ฌธํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ ๊ฒ๋๊น ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
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APPENDIX
390
Stem Casual +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ์ผ
Polite +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ์์
Honorific +(์ผ)์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
play ์น ์น ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์น ๊ฑฐ์์ ์น์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
quit (job) ๊ทธ๋ง๋ ๊ทธ๋ง๋ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๊ทธ๋ง๋ ๊ฑฐ์์ ๊ทธ๋ง๋์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
quit (smoking) ๋ ๋์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋์ ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
read ์ฝ ์ฝ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ฝ์ ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ฝ์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
rest ์ฌ ์ด ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ด ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ฌ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
sing ๋ถ๋ฅด ๋ถ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ถ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ถ๋ฅด์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
sit down ์ ์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์์ ๊ฑฐ์์ ์์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
sleep ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ฃผ๋ฌด์ค ๊ฑฐ์์*
smoke ํผ์ฐ ํผ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ํผ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์์ ํผ์ฐ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
speak ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
stand up ์ผ์ด๋ ์ผ์ด๋ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ผ์ด๋ ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ผ์ด๋์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
start ์์ํ ์์ํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์์ํ ๊ฑฐ์์ ์์ํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
study ๊ณต๋ถํ ๊ณต๋ถํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๊ณต๋ถํ ๊ฑฐ์์ ๊ณต๋ถํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
swim ์์ํ ์์ํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์์ํ ๊ฑฐ์์ ์์ํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
take (vehicle) ํ ํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ํ ๊ฑฐ์์ ํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
talk ๋งํ ๋งํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋งํ ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ง์ํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์*
wait ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆด ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆด ๊ฑฐ์์ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
walk ๊ฑท ๊ฑธ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๊ฑธ์ ๊ฑฐ์์ ๊ฑธ์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
watch ๋ณด ๋ณผ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ณผ ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ณด์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
wear ์ ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ ์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
wear (shoes) ์ ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ ์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
work ์ผํ ์ผํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ผํ ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ผํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
write ์ฐ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ฐ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
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APPENDIX 391
Formal Statement +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฒ๋๋ค
Formal Statement Honorific +(์ผ)์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
Formal Question +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฒ๋๊น?
Formal Question Honorific +(์ผ)์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น?
์น ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์น์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์น ๊ฒ๋๊น ์น์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
๊ทธ๋ง๋ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๊ทธ๋ง๋์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๊ทธ๋ง๋ ๊ฒ๋๊น ๊ทธ๋ง๋์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
๋์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋์ ๊ฒ๋๊น ๋์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
์ฝ์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ฝ์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ฝ์ ๊ฒ๋๊น ์ฝ์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
์ด ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ฌ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ด ๊ฒ๋๊น ์ฌ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
๋ถ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ถ๋ฅด์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ถ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ๋๊น ๋ถ๋ฅด์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
์์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์์ ๊ฒ๋๊น ์์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ฃผ๋ฌด์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค* ์ ๊ฒ๋๊น ์ฃผ๋ฌด์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น*
ํผ์ธ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ํผ์ฐ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ํผ์ธ ๊ฒ๋๊น ํผ์ฐ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ ๊ฒ๋๊น ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
์ผ์ด๋ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ผ์ด๋์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ผ์ด๋ ๊ฒ๋๊น ์ผ์ด๋์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
์์ํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์์ํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์์ํ ๊ฒ๋๊น ์์ํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
๊ณต๋ถํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๊ณต๋ถํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๊ณต๋ถํ ๊ฒ๋๊น ๊ณต๋ถํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
์์ํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์์ํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์์ํ ๊ฒ๋๊น ์์ํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
ํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ํ ๊ฒ๋๊น ํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
๋งํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ง์ํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค* ๋งํ ๊ฒ๋๊น ๋ง์ํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น*
๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆด ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆด ๊ฒ๋๊น ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
๊ฑธ์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๊ฑธ์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๊ฑธ์ ๊ฒ๋๊น ๊ฑธ์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
๋ณผ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ณด์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ณผ ๊ฒ๋๊น ๋ณด์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
์ ์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ ์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ ์ ๊ฒ๋๊น ์ ์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
์ ์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ ์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ ์ ๊ฒ๋๊น ์ ์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
์ผํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ผํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ผํ ๊ฒ๋๊น ์ผํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
์ธ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ฐ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ธ ๊ฒ๋๊น ์ฐ์ค ๊ฒ๋๊น
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APPENDIX
392
Appendix 5: Verb with +(์ผ)ใน๊น(์)?; +(์ผ)ใน๋(์),
Stem Shall weโฆ? +(์ผ)ใน๊น(์) ?
I want toโฆ / Do you want toโฆ? +(์ผ)ใน๋(์)
ask ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณผ๊น(์) ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณผ๋(์)
build ์ง ์ง์๊น(์) ์ง์๋(์)
buy ์ฌ ์ด๊น(์) ์ด๋(์)
call ์ ํํ ์ ํํ ๊น(์) ์ ํํ ๋(์)
choose ๊ณ ๋ฅด ๊ณ ๋ฅผ๊น(์) ๊ณ ๋ฅผ๋(์)
clean ์ฒญ์ํ ์ฒญ์ํ ๊น(์) ์ฒญ์ํ ๋(์)
come ์ค ์ฌ๊น(์) ์ฌ๋(์)
cook (์์) ๋ง๋ค ๋ง๋ค๊น(์) ๋ง๋ค๋(์)
dance (์ถค) ์ถ ์ถ๊น(์) ์ถ๋(์)
do ํ ํ ๊น(์) ํ ๋(์)
draw ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆด๊น(์) ๊ทธ๋ฆด๋(์)
drink ๋ง์ ๋ง์ค๊น(์) ๋ง์ค๋(์)
eat ๋จน ๋จน์๊น(์) ๋จน์๋(์)
give ์ฃผ ์ค๊น(์) ์ค๋(์)
go ๊ฐ ๊ฐ๊น(์) ๊ฐ๋(์)
go regularly ๋ค๋ ๋ค๋๊น(์) ๋ค๋๋(์)
help ๋์์ฃผ ๋์์ค๊น(์) ๋์์ค๋(์)
leave ๋ ๋ ๋ ๋ ๊น(์) ๋ ๋ ๋(์)
listen ๋ฃ ๋ค์๊น(์) ๋ค์๋(์)
live ์ด ์ด๊น(์) ์ด๋(์)
marry ๊ฒฐํผํ ๊ฒฐํผํ ๊น(์) ๊ฒฐํผํ ๋(์)
meet ๋ง๋ ๋ง๋ ๊น(์) ๋ง๋ ๋(์)
order ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ ๊น(์) ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ ๋(์)
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APPENDIX 393
+(์ผ)์ค๋(์)?; +(์ผ)์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น?; +(์ผ)ใน๊ฒ(์),+๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
Would you like to? (Honorific) +(์ผ)์ค๋์?
Would you like to? (Honorific Formal) +(์ผ)์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น?
I will โฆ +(์ผ)ใน๊ฒ(์)
I willโฆ (Very Polite Formal) +๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด์ค๋์ ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณผ๊ฒ(์) ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
์ง์ผ์ค๋์ ์ง์ผ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ์ง์๊ฒ(์) ์ง๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
์ฌ์ค๋์ ์ฌ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ์ด๊ฒ(์) ์ฌ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
์ ํํ์ค๋์ ์ ํํ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ์ ํํ ๊ฒ(์) ์ ํํ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
๊ณ ๋ฅด์ค๋์ ๊ณ ๋ฅด์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ๊ณ ๋ฅผ๊ฒ(์) ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
์ฒญ์ํ์ค๋์ ์ฒญ์ํ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ์ฒญ์ํ ๊ฒ(์) ์ฒญ์ํ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
์ค์ค๋์ ์ค์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ์ฌ๊ฒ(์) ์ค๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
๋ง๋์ค๋์ ๋ง๋์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ๋ง๋ค๊ฒ(์) ๋ง๋ค๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
์ถ์ค๋์ ์ถ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ์ถ๊ฒ(์) ์ถ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
ํ์ค๋์ ํ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ํ ๊ฒ(์) ํ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์ค๋์ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ๊ทธ๋ฆด๊ฒ(์) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
๋์ค๋์* ๋์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น* ๋ง์ค๊ฒ(์) ๋ง์๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
๋์ค๋์* ๋์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น* ๋จน์๊ฒ(์) ๋จน๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
์ฃผ์ค๋์ ์ฃผ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ์ค๊ฒ(์) ์ฃผ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
๊ฐ์ค๋์ ๊ฐ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ๊ฐ๊ฒ(์) ๊ฐ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
๋ค๋์ค๋์ ๋ค๋์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ๋ค๋๊ฒ(์) ๋ค๋๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
๋์์ฃผ์ค๋์ ๋์์ฃผ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ๋์์ค๊ฒ(์) ๋์์ฃผ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
๋ ๋์ค๋์ ๋ ๋์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ๋ ๋ ๊ฒ(์) ๋ ๋๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
๋ค์ผ์ค๋์ ๋ค์ผ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ๋ค์๊ฒ(์) ๋ฃ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
์ฌ์ค๋์ ์ฌ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ์ด๊ฒ(์) ์ด๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
๊ฒฐํผํ์ค๋์ ๊ฒฐํผํ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ๊ฒฐํผํ ๊ฒ(์) ๊ฒฐํผํ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
๋ง๋์ค๋์ ๋ง๋์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ๋ง๋ ๊ฒ(์) ๋ง๋๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
์ฃผ๋ฌธํ์ค๋์ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ ๊ฒ(์) ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
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APPENDIX
394
Stem Shall weโฆ? +(์ผ)ใน๊น(์) ?
I want toโฆ / Do you want to? +(์ผ)ใน๋(์)
play ์น ์น ๊น(์) ์น ๋(์)
quit (job) ๊ทธ๋ง๋ ๊ทธ๋ง๋๊น(์) ๊ทธ๋ง๋๋(์)
quit (smoking) ๋ ๋์๊น(์) ๋์๋(์)
read ์ฝ ์ฝ์๊น(์) ์ฝ์๋(์)
rest ์ฌ ์ด๊น(์) ์ด๋(์)
sing ๋ถ๋ฅด ๋ถ๋ฅผ๊น(์) ๋ถ๋ฅผ๋(์)
sit down ์ ์์๊น(์) ์์๋(์)
sleep ์ ์๊น(์) ์๋(์)
smoke ํผ์ฐ ํผ์ธ๊น(์) ํผ์ธ๋(์)
speak ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ ๊น(์) ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ ๋(์)
stand up ์ผ์ด๋ ์ผ์ด๋ ๊น(์) ์ผ์ด๋ ๋(์)
start ์์ํ ์์ํ ๊น(์) ์์ํ ๋(์)
study ๊ณต๋ถํ ๊ณต๋ถํ ๊น(์) ๊ณต๋ถํ ๋(์)
swim ์์ํ ์์ํ ๊น(์) ์์ํ ๋(์)
take (vehicle) ํ ํ๊น(์) ํ๋(์)
talk ๋งํ ๋งํ ๊น(์) ๋งํ ๋(์)
wait ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆด๊น(์) ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆด๋(์)
walk ๊ฑท ๊ฑธ์๊น(์) ๊ฑธ์๋(์)
watch ๋ณด ๋ณผ๊น(์) ๋ณผ๋(์)
wear ์ ์ ์๊น(์) ์ ์๋(์)
wear (shoes) ์ ์ ์๊น(์) ์ ์๋(์)
work ์ผํ ์ผํ ๊น(์) ์ผํ ๋(์)
write ์ฐ ์ธ๊น(์) ์ธ๋(์)
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APPENDIX 395
Would you like to? (Honorific) +(์ผ)์ค๋์?
Would you like to? (Honorific Formal) +(์ผ)์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น?
I will โฆ +(์ผ)ใน๊ฒ(์)
I willโฆ (Very Polite Formal) +๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
์น์ค๋์ ์น์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ์น ๊ฒ(์) ์น๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
๊ทธ๋ง๋์ค๋์ ๊ทธ๋ง๋์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ๊ทธ๋ง๋๊ฒ(์) ๊ทธ๋ง๋๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
๋์ผ์ค๋์ ๋์ผ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ๋์๊ฒ(์) ๋๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
์ฝ์ผ์ค๋์ ์ฝ์ผ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ์ฝ์๊ฒ(์) ์ฝ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
์ฌ์ค๋์ ์ฌ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ์ด๊ฒ(์) ์ฌ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
๋ถ๋ฅด์ค๋์ ๋ถ๋ฅด์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ๋ถ๋ฅผ๊ฒ(์) ๋ถ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
์์ผ์ค๋์ ์์ผ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ์์๊ฒ(์) ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
์ฃผ๋ฌด์ค๋์* ์ฃผ๋ฌด์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น* ์๊ฒ(์) ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
ํผ์ฐ์ค๋์ ํผ์ฐ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ํผ์ธ๊ฒ(์) ํผ์ฐ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ์ค๋์ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ ๊ฒ(์) ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
์ผ์ด๋์ค๋์ ์ผ์ด๋์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ์ผ์ด๋ ๊ฒ(์) ์ผ์ด๋๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
์์ํ์ค๋์ ์์ํ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ์์ํ ๊ฒ(์) ์์ํ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
๊ณต๋ถํ์ค๋์ ๊ณต๋ถํ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ๊ณต๋ถํ ๊ฒ(์) ๊ณต๋ถํ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
์์ํ์ค๋์ ์์ํ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ์์ํ ๊ฒ(์) ์์ํ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
ํ์ค๋์ ํ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ํ๊ฒ(์) ํ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
๋ง์ํ์ค๋์* ๋ง์ํ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น* ๋งํ ๊ฒ(์) ๋ง์๋๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค*
๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ์ค๋์ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆด๊ฒ(์) ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
๊ฑธ์ผ์ค๋์ ๊ฑธ์ผ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ๊ฑธ์๊ฒ(์) ๊ฑท๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
๋ณด์ค๋์ ๋ณด์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ๋ณผ๊ฒ(์) ๋ณด๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
์ ์ผ์ค๋์ ์ ์ผ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ์ ์๊ฒ(์) ์ ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
์ ์ผ์ค๋์ ์ ์ผ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ์ ์๊ฒ(์) ์ ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
์ผํ์ค๋์ ์ผํ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ์ผํ ๊ฒ(์) ์ผํ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
์ฐ์ค๋์ ์ฐ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น ์ธ๊ฒ(์) ์ฐ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
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APPENDIX
396
Appendix 6: Verbs with +์; +๊ณ
Stem Letโs โฆ
+์ and+๊ณ
ask ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด์ ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด๊ณ
build ์ง ์ง์ ์ง๊ณ
buy ์ฌ ์ฌ์ ์ฌ๊ณ
call ์ ํํ ์ ํํ์ ์ ํํ๊ณ
choose ๊ณ ๋ฅด ๊ณ ๋ฅด์ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ณ
clean ์ฒญ์ํ ์ฒญ์ํ์ ์ฒญ์ํ๊ณ
come ์ค ์ค์ ์ค๊ณ
cook (์์) ๋ง๋ค ๋ง๋ค์ ๋ง๋ค๊ณ
dance (์ถค) ์ถ ์ถ์ ์ถ๊ณ
do ํ ํ์ ํ๊ณ
draw ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ
drink ๋ง์ ๋ง์์ ๋ง์๊ณ
eat ๋จน ๋จน์ ๋จน๊ณ
give ์ฃผ ์ฃผ์ ์ฃผ๊ณ
go ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ ๊ฐ๊ณ
go regularly ๋ค๋ ๋ค๋์ ๋ค๋๊ณ
help ๋์์ฃผ ๋์์ฃผ์ ๋์์ฃผ๊ณ
leave ๋ ๋ ๋ ๋์ ๋ ๋๊ณ
listen ๋ฃ ๋ฃ์ ๋ฃ๊ณ
live ์ด ์ด์ ์ด๊ณ
marry ๊ฒฐํผํ ๊ฒฐํผํ์ ๊ฒฐํผํ๊ณ
meet ๋ง๋ ๋ง๋์ ๋ง๋๊ณ
order ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ์ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ๊ณ
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APPENDIX 397
Stem Letโs โฆ
+์ and+๊ณ
play ์น ์น์ ์น๊ณ
quit (job) ๊ทธ๋ง๋ ๊ทธ๋ง๋์ ๊ทธ๋ง๋๊ณ
quit (smoking) ๋ ๋์ ๋๊ณ
read ์ฝ ์ฝ์ ์ฝ๊ณ
rest ์ฌ ์ฌ์ ์ฌ๊ณ
sing ๋ถ๋ฅด ๋ถ๋ฅด์ ๋ถ๋ฅด๊ณ
sit down ์ ์์ ์๊ณ
sleep ์ ์์ ์๊ณ
smoke ํผ์ฐ ํผ์ฐ์ ํผ์ฐ๊ณ
speak ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ์ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ๊ณ
stand up ์ผ์ด๋ ์ผ์ด๋์ ์ผ์ด๋๊ณ
start ์์ํ ์์ํ์ ์์ํ๊ณ
study ๊ณต๋ถํ ๊ณต๋ถํ์ ๊ณต๋ถํ๊ณ
swim ์์ํ ์์ํ์ ์์ํ๊ณ
take (vehicle) ํ ํ์ ํ๊ณ
talk ๋งํ ๋งํ์ ๋งํ๊ณ
wait ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ์ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ
walk ๊ฑท ๊ฑท์ ๊ฑท๊ณ
watch ๋ณด ๋ณด์ ๋ณด๊ณ
wear ์ ์ ์ ์ ๊ณ
wear (shoes) ์ ์ ์ ์ ๊ณ
work ์ผํ ์ผํ์ ์ผํ๊ณ
write ์ฐ ์ฐ์ ์ฐ๊ณ
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APPENDIX
398
Appendix 7: Verbs with +๋๋ฐ(์),+์/์๋๋ฐ(์)
Stem and / but(present) +๋๋ฐ(์)
and / but(past) +์/์๋๋ฐ(์)
and / but (future) +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
ask ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ฌผ์ด๋ดค๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณผ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
build ์ง ์ง๋๋ฐ(์) ์ง์๋๋ฐ(์) ์ง์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
buy ์ฌ ์ฌ๋๋ฐ(์) ์๋๋ฐ(์) ์ด ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
call ์ ํํ ์ ํํ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ ํํ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ ํํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
choose ๊ณ ๋ฅด ๊ณ ๋ฅด๋๋ฐ(์) ๊ณจ๋๋๋ฐ(์) ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
clean ์ฒญ์ํ ์ฒญ์ํ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ฒญ์ํ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ฒญ์ํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
come ์ค ์ค๋๋ฐ(์) ์๋๋ฐ(์) ์ฌ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
cook (์์) ๋ง๋ค ๋ง๋๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ง๋ค์๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ง๋ค ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
dance (์ถค) ์ถ ์ถ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ท๋๋ฐ(์) ์ถ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
do ํ ํ๋๋ฐ(์) ํ๋๋ฐ(์) ํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
draw ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋๋ฐ(์) ๊ทธ๋ ธ๋๋ฐ(์) ๊ทธ๋ฆด ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
drink ๋ง์ ๋ง์๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ง์ จ๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ง์ค ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
eat ๋จน ๋จน๋๋ฐ(์) ๋จน์๋๋ฐ(์) ๋จน์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
give ์ฃผ ์ฃผ๋๋ฐ(์) ์คฌ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ค ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
go ๊ฐ ๊ฐ๋๋ฐ(์) ๊ฐ๋๋ฐ(์) ๊ฐ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
go regularly ๋ค๋ ๋ค๋๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ค๋ ๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ค๋ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
help ๋์์ฃผ ๋์์ฃผ๋๋ฐ(์) ๋์์คฌ๋๋ฐ(์) ๋์์ค ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
leave ๋ ๋ ๋ ๋๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ ๋ฌ๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ ๋ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
listen ๋ฃ ๋ฃ๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ค์๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ค์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
live ์ด ์ฌ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ด์๋๋ฐ(์) ์ด ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
marry ๊ฒฐํผํ ๊ฒฐํผํ๋๋ฐ(์) ๊ฒฐํผํ๋๋ฐ(์) ๊ฒฐํผํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
meet ๋ง๋ ๋ง๋๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ง๋ฌ๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ง๋ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
order ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
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APPENDIX 399
& +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
Stem and / but(present) +๋๋ฐ(์)
and / but(past) +์/์๋๋ฐ(์)
and / but (future) +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
play ์น ์น๋๋ฐ(์) ์ณค๋๋ฐ(์) ์น ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
quit (job) ๊ทธ๋ง๋ ๊ทธ๋ง๋๋๋ฐ(์) ๊ทธ๋ง๋๋๋ฐ(์) ๊ทธ๋ง๋ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
quit (smoking) ๋ ๋๋๋ฐ(์) ๋์๋๋ฐ(์) ๋์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
read ์ฝ ์ฝ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ฝ์๋๋ฐ(์) ์ฝ์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
rest ์ฌ ์ฌ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ฌ์๋๋ฐ(์) ์ด ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
sing ๋ถ๋ฅด ๋ถ๋ฅด๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ถ๋ ๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ถ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
sit down ์ ์๋๋ฐ(์) ์์๋๋ฐ(์) ์์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
sleep ์ ์๋๋ฐ(์) ์ค๋๋ฐ(์) ์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
smoke ํผ์ฐ ํผ์ฐ๋๋ฐ(์) ํผ์ ๋๋ฐ(์) ํผ์ธ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
speak ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
stand up ์ผ์ด๋ ์ผ์ด๋๋๋ฐ(์) ์ผ์ด๋ฌ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ผ์ด๋ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
start ์์ํ ์์ํ๋๋ฐ(์) ์์ํ๋๋ฐ(์) ์์ํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
study ๊ณต๋ถํ ๊ณต๋ถํ๋๋ฐ(์) ๊ณต๋ถํ๋๋ฐ(์) ๊ณต๋ถํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
swim ์์ํ ์์ํ๋๋ฐ(์) ์์ํ๋๋ฐ(์) ์์ํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
take (vehicle) ํ ํ๋๋ฐ(์) ํ๋๋ฐ(์) ํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
talk ๋งํ ๋งํ๋๋ฐ(์) ๋งํ๋๋ฐ(์) ๋งํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
wait ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ๋๋ฐ(์) ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ ธ๋๋ฐ(์) ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆด ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
walk ๊ฑท ๊ฑท๋๋ฐ(์) ๊ฑธ์๋๋ฐ(์) ๊ฑธ์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
watch ๋ณด ๋ณด๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ดค๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ณผ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
wear ์ ์ ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ ์๋๋ฐ(์) ์ ์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
wear (shoes) ์ ์ ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ ์๋๋ฐ(์) ์ ์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
work ์ผํ ์ผํ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ผํ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ผํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
write ์ฐ ์ฐ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ผ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ธ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
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APPENDIX
400
Appendix 8: Verbs with +๊ฑฐ๋ (์),+์/์๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
Stem Itโs because โฆ(present) +๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
Itโs because โฆ(past) +์/์๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
Itโs because โฆ (future) +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
ask ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ฌผ์ด๋ดค๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณผ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
build ์ง ์ง๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ง์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ง์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
buy ์ฌ ์ฌ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
call ์ ํํ ์ ํํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ ํํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ ํํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
choose ๊ณ ๋ฅด ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ณจ๋๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
clean ์ฒญ์ํ ์ฒญ์ํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ฒญ์ํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ฒญ์ํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
come ์ค ์ค๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ฌ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
cook (์์) ๋ง๋ค ๋ง๋ค๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ง๋ค์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ง๋ค ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
dance (์ถค) ์ถ ์ถ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ท๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ถ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
do ํ ํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
draw ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ทธ๋ ธ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ทธ๋ฆด ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
drink ๋ง์ ๋ง์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ง์ จ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ง์ค ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
eat ๋จน ๋จน๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋จน์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋จน์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
give ์ฃผ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์คฌ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ค ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
go ๊ฐ ๊ฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
go regularly ๋ค๋ ๋ค๋๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ค๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ค๋ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
help ๋์์ฃผ ๋์์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋์์คฌ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋์์ค ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
leave ๋ ๋ ๋ ๋๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ ๋ฌ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ ๋ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
listen ๋ฃ ๋ฃ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ค์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ค์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
live ์ด ์ด๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ด์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
marry ๊ฒฐํผํ ๊ฒฐํผํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ฒฐํผํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ฒฐํผํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
meet ๋ง๋ ๋ง๋๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ง๋ฌ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ง๋ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
order ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
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APPENDIX 401
&+(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
Stem Itโs because โฆ(present) +๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
Itโs because โฆ(past) +์/์๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
Itโs because โฆ (future) +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ ์
play ์น ์น๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ณค๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์น ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
quit (job) ๊ทธ๋ง๋ ๊ทธ๋ง๋๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ทธ๋ง๋๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ทธ๋ง๋ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
quit (smoking) ๋ ๋๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
read ์ฝ ์ฝ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ฝ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ฝ์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
rest ์ฌ ์ฌ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ฌ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
sing ๋ถ๋ฅด ๋ถ๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ถ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ถ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
sit down ์ ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
sleep ์ ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ค๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
smoke ํผ์ฐ ํผ์ฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ํผ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ํผ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
speak ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
stand up ์ผ์ด๋ ์ผ์ด๋๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ผ์ด๋ฌ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ผ์ด๋ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
start ์์ํ ์์ํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์์ํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์์ํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
study ๊ณต๋ถํ ๊ณต๋ถํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ณต๋ถํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ณต๋ถํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
swim ์์ํ ์์ํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์์ํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์์ํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
take (vehicle) ํ ํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
talk ๋งํ ๋งํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋งํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋งํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
wait ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ ธ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆด ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
walk ๊ฑท ๊ฑท๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ฑธ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ฑธ์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
watch ๋ณด ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ดค๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ณผ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
wear ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
wear (shoes) ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
work ์ผํ ์ผํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ผํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ผํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
write ์ฐ ์ฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ผ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
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APPENDIX
402
Appendix 9: Casual Verb Endings+์/์ด,+์/์์ด,
Stem Present+์/์ด
Past+์/์์ด
Future +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ์ผ
ask ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด ๋ฌผ์ด๋ด ๋ฌผ์ด๋ดค์ด ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณผ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
build ์ง ์ง์ด ์ง์์ด ์ง์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
buy ์ฌ ์ฌ ์์ด ์ด ๊ฑฐ์ผ
call ์ ํํ ์ ํํด ์ ํํ์ด ์ ํํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
choose ๊ณ ๋ฅด ๊ณจ๋ผ ๊ณจ๋์ด ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
clean ์ฒญ์ํ ์ฒญ์ํด ์ฒญ์ํ์ด ์ฒญ์ํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
come ์ค ์ ์์ด ์ฌ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
cook (์์) ๋ง๋ค ๋ง๋ค์ด ๋ง๋ค์์ด ๋ง๋ค ๊ฑฐ์ผ
dance (์ถค) ์ถ ์ถฐ ์ท์ด ์ถ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
do ํ ํด ํ์ด ํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
draw ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ ค ๊ทธ๋ ธ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆด ๊ฑฐ์ผ
drink ๋ง์ ๋ง์ ๋ง์ จ์ด ๋ง์ค ๊ฑฐ์ผ
eat ๋จน ๋จน์ด ๋จน์์ด ๋จน์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
give ์ฃผ ์ค ์คฌ์ด ์ค ๊ฑฐ์ผ
go ๊ฐ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ด ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
go regularly ๋ค๋ ๋ค๋ ๋ค๋ ์ด ๋ค๋ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
help ๋์์ฃผ ๋์ ๋์์ด ๋์์ค ๊ฑฐ์ผ
leave ๋ ๋ ๋ ๋ ๋ ๋ฌ์ด ๋ ๋ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
listen ๋ฃ ๋ค์ด ๋ค์์ด ๋ค์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
live ์ด ์ด์ ์ด์์ด ์ด ๊ฑฐ์ผ
marry ๊ฒฐํผํ ๊ฒฐํผํด ๊ฒฐํผํ์ด ๊ฒฐํผํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
meet ๋ง๋ ๋ง๋ ๋ง๋ฌ์ด ๋ง๋ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
order ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํด ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ์ด ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
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APPENDIX 403
+(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ์ผ; +(์ผ)ใน๊น; +(์ผ)ใน๋; +(์ผ)ใน๊ฒ
Shall weโฆ? +(์ผ)ใน๊น?
I want toโฆ+(์ผ)ใน๋
I willโฆ+(์ผ)ใน๊ฒ
๋ฌผ์ด๋ณผ๊น ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณผ๋ ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณผ๊ฒ
์ง์๊น ์ง์๋ ์ง์๊ฒ
์ด๊น ์ด๋ ์ด๊ฒ
์ ํํ ๊น ์ ํํ ๋ ์ ํํ ๊ฒ
๊ณ ๋ฅผ๊น ๊ณ ๋ฅผ๋ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ๊ฒ
์ฒญ์ํ ๊น ์ฒญ์ํ ๋ ์ฒญ์ํ ๊ฒ
์ฌ๊น ์ฌ๋ ์ฌ๊ฒ
๋ง๋ค๊น ๋ง๋ค๋ ๋ง๋ค๊ฒ
์ถ๊น ์ถ๋ ์ถ๊ฒ
ํ ๊น ํ ๋ ํ ๊ฒ
๊ทธ๋ฆด๊น ๊ทธ๋ฆด๋ ๊ทธ๋ฆด๊ฒ
๋ง์ค๊น ๋ง์ค๋ ๋ง์ค๊ฒ
๋จน์๊น ๋จน์๋ ๋จน์๊ฒ
์ค๊น ์ค๋ ์ค๊ฒ
๊ฐ๊น ๊ฐ๋ ๊ฐ๊ฒ
๋ค๋๊น ๋ค๋๋ ๋ค๋๊ฒ
๋์์ค๊น ๋์์ค๋ ๋์์ค๊ฒ
๋ ๋ ๊น ๋ ๋ ๋ ๋ ๋ ๊ฒ
๋ค์๊น ๋ค์๋ ๋ค์๊ฒ
์ด๊น ์ด๋ ์ด๊ฒ
๊ฒฐํผํ ๊น ๊ฒฐํผํ ๋ ๊ฒฐํผํ ๊ฒ
๋ง๋ ๊น ๋ง๋ ๋ ๋ง๋ ๊ฒ
์ฃผ๋ฌธํ ๊น ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ ๋ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ ๊ฒ
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APPENDIX
404
Stem Present+์/์ด
Past+์/์์ด
Future +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ์ผ
play ์น ์ณ ์ณค์ด ์น ๊ฑฐ์ผ
quit (job) ๊ทธ๋ง๋ ๊ทธ๋ง๋ฌ ๊ทธ๋ง๋์ด ๊ทธ๋ง๋ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
quit (smoking) ๋ ๋์ด ๋์์ด ๋์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
read ์ฝ ์ฝ์ด ์ฝ์์ด ์ฝ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
rest ์ฌ ์ฌ์ด ์ฌ์์ด ์ด ๊ฑฐ์ผ
sing ๋ถ๋ฅด ๋ถ๋ฌ ๋ถ๋ ์ด ๋ถ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
sit down ์ ์์ ์์์ด ์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
sleep ์ ์ ์ค์ด ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
smoke ํผ ํผ์ ํผ์ ์ด ํผ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
speak ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํด ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ์ด ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
stand up ์ผ์ด๋ ์ผ์ด๋ ์ผ์ด๋ฌ์ด ์ผ์ด๋ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
start ์์ํ ์์ํด ์์ํ์ด ์์ํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
study ๊ณต๋ถํ ๊ณต๋ถํด ๊ณต๋ถํ์ด ๊ณต๋ถํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
swim ์์ํ ์์ํด ์์ํ์ด ์์ํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
take (vehicle) ํ ํ ํ์ด ํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
talk ๋งํ ๋งํด ๋งํ์ด ๋งํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
wait ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ ค ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ ธ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆด ๊ฑฐ์ผ
walk ๊ฑท ๊ฑธ์ด ๊ฑธ์์ด ๊ฑธ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
watch ๋ณด ๋ด ๋ดค์ด ๋ณผ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
wear ์ ์ ์ด ์ ์์ด ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
wear (shoes) ์ ์ ์ด ์ ์์ด ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
work ์ผํ ์ผํด ์ผํ์ด ์ผํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
write ์ฐ ์จ ์ผ์ด ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
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APPENDIX 405
Shall weโฆ? +(์ผ)ใน๊น?
I want toโฆ+(์ผ)ใน๋
I willโฆ+(์ผ)ใน๊ฒ
์น ๊น ์น ๋ ์น ๊ฒ
๊ทธ๋ง๋๊น ๊ทธ๋ง๋๋ ๊ทธ๋ง๋๊ฒ
๋์๊น ๋์๋ ๋์๊ฒ
์ฝ์๊น ์ฝ์๋ ์ฝ์๊ฒ
์ด๊น ์ด๋ ์ด๊ฒ
๋ถ๋ฅผ๊น ๋ถ๋ฅผ๋ ๋ถ๋ฅผ๊ฒ
์์๊น ์์๋ ์์๊ฒ
์๊น ์๋ ์๊ฒ
ํผ์ธ๊น ํผ์ธ๋ ํผ์ธ๊ฒ
์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ ๊น ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ ๋ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ ๊ฒ
์ผ์ด๋ ๊น ์ผ์ด๋ ๋ ์ผ์ด๋ ๊ฒ
์์ํ ๊น ์์ํ ๋ ์์ํ ๊ฒ
๊ณต๋ถํ ๊น ๊ณต๋ถํ ๋ ๊ณต๋ถํ ๊ฒ
์์ํ ๊น ์์ํ ๋ ์์ํ ๊ฒ
ํ๊น ํ๋ ํ๊ฒ
๋งํ ๊น ๋งํ ๋ ๋งํ ๊ฒ
๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆด๊น ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆด๋ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆด๊ฒ
๊ฑธ์๊น ๊ฑธ์๋ ๊ฑธ์๊ฒ
๋ณผ๊น ๋ณผ๋ ๋ณผ๊ฒ
์ ์๊น ์ ์๋ ์ ์๊ฒ
์ ์๊น ์ ์๋ ์ ์๊ฒ
์ผํ ๊น ์ผํ ๋ ์ผํ ๊ฒ
์ธ๊น ์ธ๋ ์ธ๊ฒ
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APPENDIX
406
Appendix 10: Adjective Present Tense Endings
Stem Casual Question +๋?
Casual Question +๋?
Casual (Polite) +์/์ด(์)
Honorific +(์ผ)์ธ์
afraid ๋ฌด์ญ ๋ฌด์ญ๋ ๋ฌด์ญ๋ ๋ฌด์์(์) ๋ฌด์์ฐ์ธ์
bad ๋์ ๋์๋ ๋์๋ ๋๋น (์) ๋์์ธ์
beautiful ์๋ฆ๋ต ์๋ฆ๋ต๋ ์๋ฆ๋ต๋ ์๋ฆ๋ค์(์) ์๋ฆ๋ค์ฐ์ธ์
big ํฌ ํฌ๋ ํฌ๋ ์ปค(์) ํฌ์ธ์
boring ์ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ด(์) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ธ์
bright ๋ฐ ๋ฐ๋ ๋ฐ๋ ๋ฐ์(์) ๋ฐ์ผ์ธ์
busy ๋ฐ์ ๋ฐ์๋ ๋ฐ์๋ ๋ฐ๋น (์) ๋ฐ์์ธ์
cheap ์ธ ์ธ๋ ์ธ๋ ์ธ(์) ์ธ์ธ์ q
clean ๊นจ๋ํ ๊นจ๋ํ๋ ๊นจ๋ํ๋ ๊นจ๋ํด(์) ๊นจ๋ํ์ธ์
close ๊ฐ๊น ๊ฐ๊น๋ ๊ฐ๊น๋ ๊ฐ๊น์(์) ๊ฐ๊น์ฐ์ธ์
cloudy ํ๋ฆฌ ํ๋ฆฌ๋ ํ๋ฆฌ๋ ํ๋ ค(์) ํ๋ฆฌ์ธ์
cold(thing) ์ฐจ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๊ฐ๋ ์ฐจ๊ฐ๋ ์ฐจ๊ฐ์(์) ์ฐจ๊ฐ์ฐ์ธ์
cold ์ถฅ ์ถฅ๋ ์ถฅ๋ ์ถ์(์) ์ถ์ฐ์ธ์
complicated ๋ณต์กํ ๋ณต์กํ๋ ๋ณต์กํ๋ ๋ณต์กํด(์) ๋ณต์กํ์ธ์
cool ์์ํ ์์ํ๋ ์์ํ๋ ์์ํด(์) ์์ํ์ธ์
cute ๊ท์ฝ ๊ท์ฝ๋ ๊ท์ฝ๋ ๊ท์ฌ์(์) ๊ท์ฌ์ฐ์ธ์
dangerous ์ํํ ์ํํ๋ ์ํํ๋ ์ํํด(์) ์ํํ์ธ์
dark ์ด๋ก ์ด๋ก๋ ์ด๋ก๋ ์ด๋์(์) ์ด๋์ฐ์ธ์
deep ๊น ๊น๋ ๊น๋ ๊น์ด(์) ๊น์ผ์ธ์
delicious ๋ง์ ๋ง์๋ ๋ง์๋ ๋ง์์ด(์) ๋ง์์ผ์ธ์ q
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APPENDIX
407
Formal Statement +ใ /์ต๋๋ค
Formal StatementHonorific +(์ผ)์ญ๋๋ค
Formal Question +ใ /์ต๋๊น?
Formal Question Honorific +(์ผ)์ญ๋๊น?
๋ฌด์ญ์ต๋๋ค ๋ฌด์์ฐ์ญ๋๋ค ๋ฌด์ญ์ต๋๊น ๋ฌด์์ฐ์ญ๋๊น
๋์ฉ๋๋ค ๋์์ญ๋๋ค ๋์ฉ๋๊น ๋์์ญ๋๊น
์๋ฆ๋ต์ต๋๋ค ์๋ฆ๋ค์ฐ์ญ๋๋ค ์๋ฆ๋ต์ต๋๊น ์๋ฆ๋ค์ฐ์ญ๋๊น
ํฝ๋๋ค ํฌ์ญ๋๋ค ํฝ๋๊น ํฌ์ญ๋๊น
์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ต๋๋ค ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ต๋๊น ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ญ๋๊น
๋ฐ์ต๋๋ค ๋ฐ์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ๋ฐ์ต๋๊น ๋ฐ์ผ์ญ๋๊น
๋ฐ์ฉ๋๋ค ๋ฐ์์ญ๋๋ค ๋ฐ์ฉ๋๊น ๋ฐ์์ญ๋๊น
์๋๋ค x ์๋๊น x
๊นจ๋ํฉ๋๋ค ๊นจ๋ํ์ญ๋๋ค ๊นจ๋ํฉ๋๊น ๊นจ๋ํ์ญ๋๊น
๊ฐ๊น์ต๋๋ค ๊ฐ๊น์ฐ์ญ๋๋ค ๊ฐ๊น์ต๋๊น ๊ฐ๊น์ฐ์ญ๋๊น
ํ๋ฆฝ๋๋ค ํ๋ฆฌ์ญ๋๋ค ํ๋ฆฝ๋๊น ํ๋ฆฌ์ญ๋๊น
์ฐจ๊ฐ์ต๋๋ค ์ฐจ๊ฐ์ฐ์ญ๋๋ค ์ฐจ๊ฐ์ต๋๊น ์ฐจ๊ฐ์ฐ์ญ๋๊น
์ถฅ์ต๋๋ค x ์ถฅ์ต๋๊น ์ถ์ฐ์ญ๋๊น
๋ณต์กํฉ๋๋ค ๋ณต์กํ์ญ๋๋ค ๋ณต์กํฉ๋๊น ๋ณต์กํ์ญ๋๊น
์์ํฉ๋๋ค x ์์ํฉ๋๊น ์์ํ์ญ๋๊น
๊ท์ฝ์ต๋๋ค ๊ท์ฌ์ฐ์ญ๋๋ค ๊ท์ฝ์ต๋๊น ๊ท์ฌ์ฐ์ญ๋๊น
์ํํฉ๋๋ค ์ํํ์ญ๋๋ค ์ํํฉ๋๊น ์ํํ์ญ๋๊น
์ด๋ก์ต๋๋ค ์ด๋์ฐ์ญ๋๋ค ์ด๋ก์ต๋๊น ์ด๋์ฐ์ญ๋๊น
๊น์ต๋๋ค ๊น์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ๊น์ต๋๊น ๊น์ผ์ญ๋๊น
๋ง์์ต๋๋ค x ๋ง์์ต๋๊น ๋ง์์ผ์ญ๋๊น
![Page 428: Book-My Korean 1-Young a.cho](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050805/55cf9358550346f57b9d52ba/html5/thumbnails/428.jpg)
APPENDIX
408
Stem Casual Question +๋?
CasualQuestion +๋?
Casual (Polite) +์/์ด(์)
Honorific +(์ผ)์ธ์
difficult ์ด๋ ต ์ด๋ ต๋ ์ด๋ ต๋ ์ด๋ ค์(์) ์ด๋ ค์ฐ์ธ์
diligent ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ๋ ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ๋ ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํด(์) ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ์ธ์
dirty ๋๋ฝ ๋๋ฝ๋ ๋๋ฝ๋ ๋๋ฌ์(์) ๋๋ฌ์ฐ์ธ์
easy ์ฝ ์ฝ๋ ์ฝ๋ ์ฌ์(์) ์ฌ์ฐ์ธ์
expensive ๋น์ธ ๋น์ธ๋ ๋น์ธ๋ ๋น์ธ(์) ๋น์ธ์ธ์
far ๋ฉ ๋จธ๋ ๋จธ๋ ๋ฉ์ด(์) ๋จธ์ธ์
fat ๋ฑ๋ฑํ ๋ฑ๋ฑํ๋ ๋ฑ๋ฑํ๋ ๋ฑ๋ฑํด(์) ๋ฑ๋ฑํ์ธ์
fine(weather) ๋ง ๋ง๋ ๋ง๋ ๋ง์(์) ๋ง์ผ์ธ์
fun
(enjoyable)
์ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ด(์) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ธ์
good ์ข ์ข๋ ์ข๋ ์ข์(์) ์ข์ผ์ธ์
handsome ์์๊ธฐ+์ ์์๊ฒผ๋ ์์๊ฒผ๋ ์์๊ฒผ์ด(์) ์์๊ธฐ์ จ์ด์
happy ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข๋ ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข๋ ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์(์) ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์ผ์ธ์
happy ํ๋ณตํ ํ๋ณตํ๋ ํ๋ณตํ๋ ํ๋ณตํด(์) ํ๋ณตํ์ธ์
hate/dislike ์ซ ์ซ๋ ์ซ๋ ์ซ์ด(์) ์ซ์ผ์ธ์ q
heavy ๋ฌด๊ฒ ๋ฌด๊ฒ๋ ๋ฌด๊ฒ๋ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์(์) ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ฐ์ธ์
high ๋ ๋๋ ๋๋ ๋์(์) ๋์ผ์ธ์
hot ๋จ๊ฒ ๋จ๊ฒ๋ ๋จ๊ฒ๋ ๋จ๊ฑฐ์(์) ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ฐ์ธ์
hot (spicy) ๋งต ๋งต๋ ๋งต๋ ๋งค์(์) ๋งค์ฐ์ธ์
hot
(temperature)
๋ฅ ๋ฅ๋ ๋ฅ๋ ๋์(์) ๋์ฐ์ธ์ q
interesting
(fun )
์ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ด(์) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ธ์
![Page 429: Book-My Korean 1-Young a.cho](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050805/55cf9358550346f57b9d52ba/html5/thumbnails/429.jpg)
APPENDIX
409
Formal Statement +ใ /์ต๋๋ค
Formal StatementHonorific +(์ผ)์ญ๋๋ค
Formal Question +ใ /์ต๋๊น?
Formal Question Honorific +(์ผ)์ญ๋๊น?
์ด๋ ต์ต๋๋ค ์ด๋ ค์ฐ์ญ๋๋ค ์ด๋ ต์ต๋๊น ์ด๋ ค์ฐ์ญ๋๊น
๋ถ์ง๋ฐํฉ๋๋ค ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ์ญ๋๋ค ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํฉ๋๊น ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ์ญ๋๊น
๋๋ฝ์ต๋๋ค ๋๋ฌ์ฐ์ญ๋๋ค ๋๋ฝ์ต๋๊น ๋๋ฌ์ฐ์ญ๋๊น
์ฝ์ต๋๋ค ์ฌ์ฐ์ญ๋๋ค ์ฝ์ต๋๊น ์ฌ์ฐ์ญ๋๊น
๋น์๋๋ค ๋น์ธ์ญ๋๋ค ๋น์๋๊น ๋น์ธ์ญ๋๊น
๋ฉ๋๋ค ๋จธ์ญ๋๋ค ๋ฉ๋๊น ๋จธ์ญ๋๊น
๋ฑ๋ฑํฉ๋๋ค ๋ฑ๋ฑํ์ญ๋๋ค ๋ฑ๋ฑํฉ๋๊น ๋ฑ๋ฑํ์ญ๋๊น
๋ง์ต๋๋ค ๋ง์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ๋ง์ต๋๊น ๋ง์ผ์ญ๋๊น
์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ต๋๋ค
์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ต๋๊น ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ญ๋๊น
์ข์ต๋๋ค ์ข์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ์ข์ต๋๊น ์ข์ผ์ญ๋๊น
์์๊ฒผ์ต๋๋ค ์์๊ธฐ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์์๊ฒผ์ต๋๊น ์์๊ธฐ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์ต๋๋ค ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์ต๋๊น ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์ผ์ญ๋๊น
ํ๋ณตํฉ๋๋ค ํ๋ณตํ์ญ๋๋ค ํ๋ณตํฉ๋๊น ํ๋ณตํ์ญ๋๊น
์ซ์ต๋๋ค ์ซ์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ์ซ์ต๋๊น ์ซ์ผ์ญ๋๊น
๋ฌด๊ฒ์ต๋๋ค ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ฐ์ญ๋๋ค ๋ฌด๊ฒ์ต๋๊น ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ฐ์ญ๋๊น
๋์ต๋๋ค ๋์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ๋์ต๋๊น ๋์ผ์ญ๋๊น
๋จ๊ฒ์ต๋๋ค ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ฐ์ญ๋๋ค ๋จ๊ฒ์ต๋๊น ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ฐ์ญ๋๊น
๋งต์ต๋๋ค ๋งค์ฐ์ญ๋๋ค ๋งต์ต๋๊น ๋งค์ฐ์ญ๋๊น
๋ฅ์ต๋๋ค
x ๋ฅ์ต๋๊น ๋์ฐ์ญ๋๊น
์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ต๋๋ค
์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ต๋๊น ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ญ๋๊น
![Page 430: Book-My Korean 1-Young a.cho](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050805/55cf9358550346f57b9d52ba/html5/thumbnails/430.jpg)
APPENDIX
410
Stem Casual Question +๋?
Casual Question +๋?
Casual (Polite) +์/์ด(์)
Honorific +(์ผ)์ธ์
interesting
(attention)
ํฅ๋ฏธ์ ํฅ๋ฏธ์๋ ํฅ๋ฏธ์๋ ํฅ๋ฏธ์์ด(์) ํฅ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ธ์ q
kind ์น์ ํ ์น์ ํ๋ ์น์ ํ๋ ์น์ ํด(์) ์น์ ํ์ธ์
lazy ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅด ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅด๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅด๋ ๊ฒ์๋ฌ(์) ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅด์ธ์
light ๊ฐ๋ณ ๊ฐ๋ณ๋ ๊ฐ๋ณ๋ ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์(์) ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ฐ์ธ์
long ๊ธธ ๊ธฐ๋ ๊ธฐ๋ ๊ธธ์ด(์) ๊ธฐ์ธ์
low ๋ฎ ๋ฎ๋ ๋ฎ๋ ๋ฎ์(์) ๋ฎ์ผ์ธ์
narrow ์ข ์ข๋ ์ข๋ ์ข์(์) ์ข์ผ์ธ์
noisy ์๋๋ฝ ์๋๋ฝ๋ ์๋๋ฝ๋ ์๋๋ฌ์(์) ์๋๋ฌ์ฐ์ธ์
numerous ๋ง ๋ง๋ ๋ง๋ ๋ง์(์) ๋ง์ผ์ธ์
old (people) ๋+์ ๋์๋ ๋์๋ ๋์์ด(์) ๋์ผ์ จ์ด์
old (thing) ๋ก+์ ๋ก์๋ ๋ก์๋ ๋ก์์ด(์) x
pretty ์์ ์์๋ ์์๋ ์๋ป(์) ์์์ธ์
quick ๋น ๋ฅด ๋น ๋ฅด๋ ๋น ๋ฅด๋ ๋นจ๋ผ(์) ๋น ๋ฅด์ธ์
quiet ์กฐ์ฉํ ์กฐ์ฉํ๋ ์กฐ์ฉํ๋ ์กฐ์ฉํด(์) ์กฐ์ฉํ์ธ์
sad ์ฌํ ์ฌํ๋ ์ฌํ๋ ์ฌํผ(์) ์ฌํ์ธ์ q
salty ์ง ์ง๋ ์ง๋ ์ง(์) ์ง์ธ์
shallow ์ ์๋ ์๋ ์์(์) ์์ผ์ธ์
short ์งง ์งง๋ ์งง๋ ์งง์(์) ์งง์ผ์ธ์
sick ์ํ ์ํ๋ ์ํ๋ ์ํ(์) ์ํ์ธ์
slim ๋ ์ฌํ ๋ ์ฌํ๋ ๋ ์ฌํ๋ ๋ ์ฌํด(์) ๋ ์ฌํ์ธ์
![Page 431: Book-My Korean 1-Young a.cho](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050805/55cf9358550346f57b9d52ba/html5/thumbnails/431.jpg)
APPENDIX
411
Formal Statement +ใ /์ต๋๋ค
Formal StatementHonorific +(์ผ)์ญ๋๋ค
Formal Question +ใ /์ต๋๊น?
Formal Question Honorific +(์ผ)์ญ๋๊น?
ํฅ๋ฏธ์์ต๋๋ค
x ํฅ๋ฏธ์์ต๋๊น ํฅ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ญ๋๊น
์น์ ํฉ๋๋ค ์น์ ํ์ญ๋๋ค ์น์ ํฉ๋๊น ์น์ ํ์ญ๋๊น
๊ฒ์ผ๋ฆ ๋๋ค ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅด์ญ๋๋ค ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฆ ๋๊น ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅด์ญ๋๊น
๊ฐ๋ณ์ต๋๋ค ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ฐ์ญ๋๋ค ๊ฐ๋ณ์ต๋๊น ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ฐ์ญ๋๊น
๊น๋๋ค ๊ธฐ์ญ๋๋ค ๊น๋๊น ๊ธฐ์ญ๋๊น
๋ฎ์ต๋๋ค ๋ฎ์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ๋ฎ์ต๋๊น ๋ฎ์ผ์ญ๋๊น
์ข์ต๋๋ค ์ข์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ์ข์ต๋๊น ์ข์ผ์ญ๋๊น
์๋๋ฝ์ต๋๋ค ์๋๋ฌ์ฐ์ญ๋๋ค ์๋๋ฝ์ต๋๊น ์๋๋ฌ์ฐ์ญ๋๊น
๋ง์ต๋๋ค ๋ง์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ๋ง์ต๋๊น ๋ง์ผ์ญ๋๊น
๋์์ต๋๋ค ๋์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋์์ต๋๊น ๋์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ก์์ต๋๋ค x ๋ก์์ต๋๊น x
์์ฉ๋๋ค ์์์ญ๋๋ค ์์ฉ๋๊น ์์์ญ๋๊น
๋น ๋ฆ ๋๋ค ๋น ๋ฅด์ญ๋๋ค ๋น ๋ฆ ๋๊น ๋น ๋ฅด์ญ๋๊น
์กฐ์ฉํฉ๋๋ค ์กฐ์ฉํ์ญ๋๋ค ์กฐ์ฉํฉ๋๊น ์กฐ์ฉํ์ญ๋๊น
์ฌํ๋๋ค x ์ฌํ๋๊น ์ฌํ์ญ๋๊น
์งญ๋๋ค ์ง์ญ๋๋ค ์งญ๋๊น ์ง์ญ๋๊น
์์ต๋๋ค ์์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ์์ต๋๊น ์์ผ์ญ๋๊น
์งง์ต๋๋ค ์งง์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ์งง์ต๋๊น ์งง์ผ์ญ๋๊น
์ํ๋๋ค ์ํ์ญ๋๋ค ์ํ๋๊น ์ํ์ญ๋๊น
๋ ์ฌํฉ๋๋ค ๋ ์ฌํ์ญ๋๋ค ๋ ์ฌํฉ๋๊น ๋ ์ฌํ์ญ๋๊น
![Page 432: Book-My Korean 1-Young a.cho](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050805/55cf9358550346f57b9d52ba/html5/thumbnails/432.jpg)
APPENDIX
412
Stem Casual Question +๋?
Casual Question +๋?
Casual (Polite) +์/์ด(์)
Honorific +(์ผ)์ธ์
slow ๋๋ฆฌ ๋๋ฆฌ๋ ๋๋ฆฌ๋ ๋๋ ค(์) ๋๋ฆฌ์ธ์
small ์ ์๋ ์๋ ์์(์) ์์ผ์ธ์
small
(quantity)
์ ์ ๋ ์ ๋ ์ ์ด(์) ์ ์ผ์ธ์
smart ๋๋ํ ๋๋ํ๋ ๋๋ํ๋ ๋๋ํด(์) ๋๋ํ์ธ์
strong ํผํผํ ํผํผํ๋ ํผํผํ๋ ํผํผํด(์) ํผํผํ์ธ์
tall ํค๊ฐ ํฌ ํค๊ฐ ํฌ๋ ํค๊ฐ ํฌ๋ ํค๊ฐ ์ปค(์) ํค๊ฐ ํฌ์ธ์
tasteless ๋ง์ ๋ง์๋ ๋ง์๋ ๋ง์์ด(์) ๋ง์์ผ์ธ์ q
thick ๋๊ป ๋๊ป๋ ๋๊ป๋ ๋๊บผ์(์) ๋๊บผ์ฐ์ธ์
thin (people) ๋ง๋ฅด+์ ๋ง๋๋ ๋ง๋๋ ๋ง๋์ด(์) ๋ง๋ฅด์ จ์ด์
thin (thing) ์ ์๋ ์๋ ์์(์) ์์ผ์ธ์
thirsty ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฅด ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฅด๋ ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฅด๋ ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ผ(์) ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฅด์ธ์ q
tired ํผ๊ณคํ ํผ๊ณคํ๋ ํผ๊ณคํ๋ ํผ๊ณคํด(์) ํผ๊ณคํ์ธ์ q
ugly ๋ชป์๊ธฐ+์ ๋ชป์๊ฒผ๋ ๋ชป์๊ฒผ๋ ๋ชป์๊ฒผ์ด(์) ๋ชป์๊ธฐ์ จ์ด์
warm ๋ฐ๋ปํ ๋ฐ๋ปํ๋ ๋ฐ๋ปํ๋ ๋ฐ๋ปํด(์) ๋ฐ๋ปํ์ธ์
weak ์ฝํ ์ฝํ๋ ์ฝํ๋ ์ฝํด(์) ์ฝํ์ธ์
wide ๋ ๋๋ ๋๋ ๋์ด(์) ๋์ผ์ธ์
young ์ ์ ๋ ์ ๋ ์ ์ด(์) ์ ์ผ์ธ์
![Page 433: Book-My Korean 1-Young a.cho](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050805/55cf9358550346f57b9d52ba/html5/thumbnails/433.jpg)
APPENDIX
413
Formal Statement +ใ /์ต๋๋ค
Formal StatementHonorific +(์ผ)์ญ๋๋ค
Formal Question +ใ /์ต๋๊น?
Formal Question Honorific +(์ผ)์ญ๋๊น?
๋๋ฆฝ๋๋ค ๋๋ฆฌ์ญ๋๋ค ๋๋ฆฝ๋๊น ๋๋ฆฌ์ญ๋๊น
์์ต๋๋ค ์์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ์์ต๋๊น ์์ผ์ญ๋๊น
์ ์ต๋๋ค ์ ์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ์ ์ต๋๊น ์ ์ผ์ญ๋๊น
๋๋ํฉ๋๋ค ๋๋ํ์ญ๋๋ค ๋๋ํฉ๋๊น ๋๋ํ์ญ๋๊น
ํผํผํฉ๋๋ค ํผํผํ์ญ๋๋ค ํผํผํฉ๋๊น ํผํผํ์ญ๋๊น
ํค๊ฐ ํฝ๋๋ค ํค๊ฐ ํฌ์ญ๋๋ค ํค๊ฐ ํฝ๋๊น ํค๊ฐ ํฌ์ญ๋๊น
๋ง์์ต๋๋ค x ๋ง์์ต๋๊น ๋ง์์ผ์ญ๋๊น
๋๊ป์ต๋๋ค ๋๊บผ์ฐ์ญ๋๋ค ๋๊ป์ต๋๊น ๋๊บผ์ฐ์ญ๋๊น
๋ง๋์ต๋๋ค ๋ง๋ฅด์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋ง๋์ต๋๊น ๋ง๋ฅด์ จ์ต๋๊น
์์ต๋๋ค ์์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ์์ต๋๊น ์์ผ์ญ๋๊น
๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฆ ๋๋ค x ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฆ ๋๊น ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฅด์ญ๋๊น
ํผ๊ณคํฉ๋๋ค x ํผ๊ณคํฉ๋๊น ํผ๊ณคํ์ญ๋๊น
๋ชป์๊ฒผ์ต๋๋ค ๋ชป์๊ธฐ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋ชป์๊ฒผ์ต๋๊น ๋ชป์๊ธฐ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ฐ๋ปํฉ๋๋ค ๋ฐ๋ปํ์ญ๋๋ค ๋ฐ๋ปํฉ๋๊น ๋ฐ๋ปํ์ญ๋๊น
์ฝํฉ๋๋ค ์ฝํ์ญ๋๋ค ์ฝํฉ๋๊น ์ฝํ์ญ๋๊น
๋์ต๋๋ค ๋์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ๋์ต๋๊น ๋์ผ์ญ๋๊น
์ ์ต๋๋ค ์ ์ผ์ญ๋๋ค ์ ์ต๋๊น ์ ์ผ์ญ๋๊น
![Page 434: Book-My Korean 1-Young a.cho](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050805/55cf9358550346f57b9d52ba/html5/thumbnails/434.jpg)
APPENDIX
414
Appendix 11: Adjective Past Tense Endings
Stem Casual Question +์/์๋?
Casual Question +์/์๋?
Casual(Polite) +์/์์ด(์)
Honorific +(์ผ)์ จ์ด์
afraid ๋ฌด์ญ ๋ฌด์์ ๋ ๋ฌด์์ ๋ ๋ฌด์์ ์ด(์) ๋ฌด์์ฐ์ จ์ด์
bad ๋์ ๋๋นด๋ ๋๋นด๋ ๋๋นด์ด(์) ๋์์ จ์ด์
beautiful ์๋ฆ๋ต ์๋ฆ๋ค์ ๋ ์๋ฆ๋ค์ ๋ ์๋ฆ๋ค์ ์ด(์) ์๋ฆ๋ค์ฐ์ จ์ด์
big ํฌ ์ปธ๋ ์ปธ๋ ์ปธ์ด(์) ํฌ์ จ์ด์
boring ์ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์๋ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์๋ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์์ด(์) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ จ์ด์
bright ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์๋ ๋ฐ์๋ ๋ฐ์์ด(์) ๋ฐ์ผ์ จ์ด์
busy ๋ฐ์ ๋ฐ๋นด๋ ๋ฐ๋นด๋ ๋ฐ๋นด์ด(์) ๋ฐ์์ จ์ด์
cheap ์ธ ์๋ ์๋ ์์ด(์) ์ธ์ จ์ด์ q
clean ๊นจ๋ํ ๊นจ๋ํ๋ ๊นจ๋ํ๋ ๊นจ๋ํ์ด(์) ๊นจ๋ํ์ จ์ด์
close ๊ฐ๊น ๊ฐ๊น์ ๋ ๊ฐ๊น์ ๋ ๊ฐ๊น์ ์ด(์) ๊ฐ๊น์ฐ์ จ์ด์
cloudy ํ๋ฆฌ ํ๋ ธ๋ ํ๋ ธ๋ ํ๋ ธ์ด(์) ํ๋ฆฌ์ จ์ด์
cold (thing) ์ฐจ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๊ฐ์ ๋ ์ฐจ๊ฐ์ ๋ ์ฐจ๊ฐ์ ์ด(์) ์ฐจ๊ฐ์ฐ์ จ์ด์
cold ์ถฅ ์ถ์ ๋ ์ถ์ ๋ ์ถ์ ์ด(์) ์ถ์ฐ์ จ์ด์ q
complicated ๋ณต์กํ ๋ณต์กํ๋ ๋ณต์กํ๋ ๋ณต์กํ์ด(์) ๋ณต์กํ์ จ์ด์
cool ์์ํ ์์ํ๋ ์์ํ๋ ์์ํ์ด(์) ์์ํ์ จ์ด์
cute ๊ท์ฝ ๊ท์ฌ์ ๋ ๊ท์ฌ์ ๋ ๊ท์ฌ์ ์ด(์) ๊ท์ฌ์ฐ์ จ์ด์
dangerous ์ํํ ์ํํ๋ ์ํํ๋ ์ํํ์ด(์) ์ํํ์ จ์ด์
dark ์ด๋ก ์ด๋์ ๋ ์ด๋์ ๋ ์ด๋์ ์ด(์) ์ด๋์ฐ์ จ์ด์
deep ๊น ๊น์๋ ๊น์๋ ๊น์์ด(์) ๊น์ผ์ จ์ด์
delicious ๋ง์ ๋ง์์๋ ๋ง์์๋ ๋ง์์์ด(์) ๋ง์์ผ์ จ์ด์ q
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APPENDIX
415
Formal Statement +์/์์ต๋๋ค
Formal StatementHonorific +(์ผ)์ จ์ต๋๋ค
Formal Question +์/์์ต๋๊น?
Formal Question Honorific +(์ผ)์ จ์ต๋๊น?
๋ฌด์์ ์ต๋๋ค ๋ฌด์์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋ฌด์์ ์ต๋๊น ๋ฌด์์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋๋นด์ต๋๋ค ๋์์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋๋นด์ต๋๊น ๋์์ จ์ต๋๊น
์๋ฆ๋ค์ ์ต๋๋ค ์๋ฆ๋ค์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์๋ฆ๋ค์ ์ต๋๊น ์๋ฆ๋ค์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ปธ์ต๋๋ค ํฌ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ปธ์ต๋๊น ํฌ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ฌ๋ฏธ์์์ต๋๋ค ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์์ต๋๊น ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ฐ์์ต๋๋ค ๋ฐ์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋ฐ์์ต๋๊น ๋ฐ์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ฐ๋นด์ต๋๋ค ๋ฐ์์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋ฐ๋นด์ต๋๊น ๋ฐ์์ จ์ต๋๊น
์์ต๋๋ค x ์์์ต๋๊น x
๊นจ๋ํ์ต๋๋ค ๊นจ๋ํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๊นจ๋ํ์ต๋๊น ๊นจ๋ํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๊ฐ๊น์ ์ต๋๋ค ๊ฐ๊น์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๊ฐ๊น์ ์ต๋๊น ๊ฐ๊น์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๊น
ํ๋ ธ์ต๋๋ค ํ๋ฆฌ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ํ๋ ธ์ต๋๊น ํ๋ฆฌ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ฐจ๊ฐ์ ์ต๋๋ค ์ฐจ๊ฐ์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ฐจ๊ฐ์ ์ต๋๊น ์ฐจ๊ฐ์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ถ์ ์ต๋๋ค x ์ถ์ ์ต๋๊น ์ถ์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ณต์กํ์ต๋๋ค ๋ณต์กํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋ณต์กํ์ต๋๊น ๋ณต์กํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์์ํ์ต๋๋ค ์์ํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์์ํ์ต๋๊น ์์ํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๊ท์ฌ์ ์ต๋๋ค ๊ท์ฌ์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๊ท์ฌ์ ์ต๋๊น ๊ท์ฌ์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ํํ์ต๋๋ค ์ํํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ํํ์ต๋๊น ์ํํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ด๋์ ์ต๋๋ค ์ด๋์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ด๋์ ์ต๋๊น ์ด๋์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๊น์์ต๋๋ค ๊น์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๊น์์ต๋๊น ๊น์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ง์์์ต๋๋ค x ๋ง์์์ต๋๊น ๋ง์์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
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APPENDIX
416
Stem Casual Question +์/์๋?
Casual Question +์/์๋?
Casual(Polite) +์/์์ด(์)
Honorific +(์ผ)์ จ์ด์
difficult ์ด๋ ต ์ด๋ ค์ ๋ ์ด๋ ค์ ๋ ์ด๋ ค์ ์ด(์) ์ด๋ ค์ฐ์ จ์ด์
diligent ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ๋ ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ๋ ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ์ด(์) ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ์ จ์ด์
dirty ๋๋ฝ ๋๋ฌ์ ๋ ๋๋ฌ์ ๋ ๋๋ฌ์ ์ด(์) ๋๋ฌ์ฐ์ จ์ด์
easy ์ฝ ์ฌ์ ๋ ์ฌ์ ๋ ์ฌ์ ์ด(์) ์ฌ์ฐ์ จ์ด์
expensive ๋น์ธ ๋น์๋ ๋น์๋ ๋น์์ด(์) ๋น์ธ์ จ์ด์
far ๋ฉ ๋ฉ์๋ ๋ฉ์๋ ๋ฉ์์ด(์) ๋จธ์ จ์ด์
fat ๋ฑ๋ฑํ ๋ฑ๋ฑํ๋ ๋ฑ๋ฑํ๋ ๋ฑ๋ฑํ์ด(์) ๋ฑ๋ฑํ์ จ์ด์
fine (weather)
๋ง ๋ง์๋ ๋ง์๋ ๋ง์์ด(์) ๋ง์ผ์ จ์ด์
fun (enjoyable)
์ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ด(์) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ จ์ด์
good ์ข ์ข์๋ ์ข์๋ ์ข์์ด(์) ์ข์ผ์ จ์ด์
handsome ์์๊ธฐ+์ ์์๊ฒผ์๋ ์์๊ฒผ์๋ ์์๊ฒผ์์ด(์) ์์๊ธฐ์ จ์์ด์
happy ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์๋
๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์๋
๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์์ด(์)
๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์ผ์ จ์ด์
happy ํ๋ณตํ ํ๋ณตํ๋ ํ๋ณตํ๋ ํ๋ณตํ์ด(์) ํ๋ณตํ์ จ์ด์
hate/dislike ์ซ ์ซ์๋ ์ซ์๋ ์ซ์์ด(์) ์ซ์ผ์ จ์ด์ q
heavy ๋ฌด๊ฒ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ ๋ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ ๋ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ ์ด(์) ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ฐ์ จ์ด์
high ๋ ๋์๋ ๋์๋ ๋์์ด(์) ๋์ผ์ จ์ด์
hot ๋จ๊ฒ ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ ๋ ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ ๋ ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ ์ด(์) ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ฐ์ จ์ด์
hot (spicy) ๋งต ๋งค์ ๋ ๋งค์ ๋ ๋งค์ ์ด(์) ๋งค์ฐ์ จ์ด์
hot (temperature)
๋ฅ ๋์ ๋ ๋์ ๋ ๋์ ์ด(์) ๋์ฐ์ จ์ด์ q
interesting (fun )
์ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์๋ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์๋ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์์ด(์) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ จ์ด์ q
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APPENDIX
417
Formal Statement +์/์์ต๋๋ค
Formal StatementHonorific +(์ผ)์ จ์ต๋๋ค
Formal Question +์/์์ต๋๊น?
Formal Question Honorific +(์ผ)์ จ์ต๋๊น?
์ด๋ ค์ ์ต๋๋ค ์ด๋ ค์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ด๋ ค์ ์ต๋๊น ์ด๋ ค์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ์ต๋๋ค ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ์ต๋๊น ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋๋ฌ์ ์ต๋๋ค ๋๋ฌ์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋๋ฌ์ ์ต๋๊น ๋๋ฌ์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ฌ์ ์ต๋๋ค x ์ฌ์ ์ต๋๊น ์ฌ์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋น์์ต๋๋ค ๋น์ธ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋น์์ต๋๊น ๋น์ธ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ฉ์์ต๋๋ค ๋จธ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋ฉ์์ต๋๊น ๋จธ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ฑ๋ฑํ์ต๋๋ค ๋ฑ๋ฑํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋ฑ๋ฑํ์ต๋๊น ๋ฑ๋ฑํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ง์์ต๋๋ค
๋ง์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋ง์์ต๋๊น ๋ง์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ต๋๋ค
์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ต๋๊น ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ข์์ต๋๋ค ์ข์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ข์์ต๋๊น ์ข์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์์๊ฒผ์์ต๋๋ค ์์๊ธฐ์ จ์์ต๋๋ค ์์๊ฒผ์์ต๋๊น ์์๊ธฐ์ จ์์ต๋๊น*
๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์์ต๋๋ค
๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์์ต๋๊น ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
ํ๋ณตํ์ต๋๋ค
ํ๋ณตํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ํ๋ณตํ์ต๋๊น ํ๋ณตํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ซ์์ต๋๋ค ์ซ์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค q ์ซ์์ต๋๊น ์ซ์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ ์ต๋๋ค ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ ์ต๋๊น ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋์์ต๋๋ค ๋์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋์์ต๋๊น ๋์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋จ๊ฑฐ์ ์ต๋๋ค ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ ์ต๋๊น ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋งค์ ์ต๋๋ค ๋งค์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋งค์ ์ต๋๊น ๋งค์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋์ ์ต๋๋ค
x ๋์ ์ต๋๊น ๋์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ฌ๋ฏธ์์์ต๋๋ค
์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์์ต๋๊น ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
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APPENDIX
418
Stem Casual Question +์/์๋?
Casual Question +์/์๋?
Casual(Polite) +์/์์ด(์)
Honorific +(์ผ)์ จ์ด์
interesting
(attention)
ํฅ๋ฏธ์ ํฅ๋ฏธ์์๋ ํฅ๋ฏธ์์๋ ํฅ๋ฏธ์์์ด(์) ํฅ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ จ์ด์
kind ์น์ ํ ์น์ ํ์๋ ์น์ ํ์๋ ์น์ ํ์์ด(์) ์น์ ํ์ จ์ด์
lazy ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅด ๊ฒ์๋ ๋ ๊ฒ์๋ ๋ ๊ฒ์๋ ์ด(์) ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅด์ จ์ด์
light ๊ฐ๋ณ ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ ๋ ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ ๋ ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ ์ด(์) ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ฐ์ จ์ด์
long ๊ธธ ๊ธธ์๋ ๊ธธ์๋ ๊ธธ์์ด(์) ๊ธฐ์ จ์ด์*
low ๋ฎ ๋ฎ์๋ ๋ฎ์๋ ๋ฎ์์ด(์) ๋ฎ์ผ์ จ์ด์
narrow ์ข ์ข์๋ ์ข์๋ ์ข์์ด(์) ์ข์ผ์ จ์ด์
noisy ์๋๋ฝ ์๋๋ฌ์ ๋ ์๋๋ฌ์ ๋ ์๋๋ฌ์ ์ด(์) ์๋๋ฌ์ฐ์ จ์ด์
numerous ๋ง ๋ง์๋ ๋ง์๋ ๋ง์์ด(์) ๋ง์ผ์ จ์ด์
old (people) ๋+์ ๋์์๋ ๋์์๋ ๋์์์ด(์) ๋์ผ์ จ์์ด์
old (thing) ๋ก+์ ๋ก์์๋ ๋ก์์๋ ๋ก์์์ด(์) x
pretty ์์ ์๋ปค๋ ์๋ปค๋ ์๋ปค์ด(์) ์์์ จ์ด์
quick ๋น ๋ฅด ๋นจ๋๋ ๋นจ๋๋ ๋นจ๋์ด(์) ๋น ๋ฅด์ จ์ด์
quiet ์กฐ์ฉํ ์กฐ์ฉํ๋ ์กฐ์ฉํ๋ ์กฐ์ฉํ์ด(์) ์กฐ์ฉํ์ จ์ด์
sad ์ฌํ ์ฌํ๋ ์ฌํ๋ ์ฌํ์ด(์) ์ฌํ์ จ์ด์ q
salty ์ง ์งฐ๋ ์งฐ๋ ์งฐ์ด(์) ์ง์ จ์ด์
shallow ์ ์์๋ ์์๋ ์์์ด(์) ์์ผ์ จ์ด์
short ์งง ์งง์๋ ์งง์๋ ์งง์์ด(์) ์งง์ผ์ จ์ด์
sick ์ํ ์ํ ๋ ์ํ ๋ ์ํ ์ด(์) ์ํ์ จ์ด์
slim ๋ ์ฌํ ๋ ์ฌํ๋ ๋ ์ฌํ๋ ๋ ์ฌํ์ด(์) ๋ ์ฌํ์ จ์ด์
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APPENDIX
419
Formal Statement +์/์์ต๋๋ค
Formal StatementHonorific +(์ผ)์ จ์ต๋๋ค
Formal Question +์/์์ต๋๊น?
Formal Question Honorific +(์ผ)์ จ์ต๋๊น?
ํฅ๋ฏธ์์์ต๋๋ค
x ํฅ๋ฏธ์์์ต๋๊น ํฅ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์น์ ํ์์ต๋๋ค ์น์ ํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์น์ ํ์์ต๋๊น ์น์ ํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๊ฒ์๋ ์ต๋๋ค ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅด์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๊ฒ์๋ ์ต๋๊น ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅด์ จ์ต๋๊น
๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ ์ต๋๋ค ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ ์ต๋๊น ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๊ธธ์์ต๋๋ค ๊ธฐ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๊ธธ์์ต๋๊น ๊ธฐ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ฎ์์ต๋๋ค ๋ฎ์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋ฎ์์ต๋๊น ๋ฎ์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ข์์ต๋๋ค ์ข์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ข์์ต๋๊น ์ข์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์๋๋ฌ์ ์ต๋๋ค ์๋๋ฌ์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์๋๋ฌ์ ์ต๋๊น ์๋๋ฌ์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ง์์ต๋๋ค ๋ง์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋ง์์ต๋๊น ๋ง์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋์์์ต๋๋ค ๋์ผ์ จ์์ต๋๋ค ๋์์์ต๋๊น ๋์ผ์ จ์์ต๋๊น
๋ก์์์ต๋๋ค x ๋ก์์์ต๋๊น x
์๋ปค์ต๋๋ค ์์์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์๋ปค์ต๋๊น ์์์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋นจ๋์ต๋๋ค ๋น ๋ฅด์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋นจ๋์ต๋๊น ๋น ๋ฅด์ จ์ต๋๊น
์กฐ์ฉํ์ต๋๋ค ์กฐ์ฉํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์กฐ์ฉํ์ต๋๊น ์กฐ์ฉํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ฌํ์ต๋๋ค x ์ฌํ์ต๋๊น ์ฌํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์งฐ์ต๋๋ค ์ง์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์งฐ์ต๋๊น ์ง์ จ์ต๋๊น
์์์ต๋๋ค ์์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์์์ต๋๊น ์์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์งง์์ต๋๋ค ์งง์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์งง์์ต๋๊น ์งง์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ํ ์ต๋๋ค ์ํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ํ ์ต๋๊น ์ํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ ์ฌํ์ต๋๋ค ๋ ์ฌํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋ ์ฌํ์ต๋๊น ๋ ์ฌํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
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APPENDIX
420
Stem Casual Question +์/์๋?
Casual Question +์/์๋?
Casual(Polite) +์/์์ด(์)
Honorific +(์ผ)์ จ์ด์
slow ๋๋ฆฌ ๋๋ ธ๋ ๋๋ ธ๋ ๋๋ ธ์ด(์) ๋๋ฆฌ์ จ์ด์
small ์ ์์๋ ์์๋ ์์์ด(์) ์์ผ์ จ์ด์
small
(quantity)
์ ์ ์๋ ์ ์๋ ์ ์์ด(์) ์ ์ผ์ จ์ด์
smart ๋๋ํ ๋๋ํ๋ ๋๋ํ๋ ๋๋ํ์ด(์) ๋๋ํ์ จ์ด์
strong ํผํผํ ํผํผํ๋ ํผํผํ๋ ํผํผํ์ด(์) ํผํผํ์ จ์ด์
tall ํค๊ฐ ํฌ ํค๊ฐ ์ปธ๋ ํค๊ฐ ์ปธ๋ ํค๊ฐ ์ปธ์ด(์) ํค๊ฐ ํฌ์ จ์ด์
tasteless ๋ง์ ๋ง์์๋ ๋ง์์๋ ๋ง์์์ด(์) ๋ง์์ผ์ จ์ด์ q
thick ๋๊ป ๋๊บผ์ ๋ ๋๊บผ์ ๋ ๋๊บผ์ ์ด(์) ๋๊บผ์ฐ์ จ์ด์
thin
(people)
๋ง๋ฅด+์ ๋ง๋๋ ๋ง๋๋ ๋ง๋์ด(์) ๋ง๋ฅด์ จ์์ด์
thin (thing) ์ ์์๋ ์์๋ ์์์ด(์) ์์ผ์ จ์ด์
thirsty ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฅด ๋ชฉ๋ง๋๋ ๋ชฉ๋ง๋๋ ๋ชฉ๋ง๋์ด(์) ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฅด์ จ์ด์ q
tired ํผ๊ณคํ ํผ๊ณคํ๋ ํผ๊ณคํ๋ ํผ๊ณคํ์ด(์) ํผ๊ณคํ์ จ์ด์ q
ugly ๋ชป์๊ธฐ+์ ๋ชป์๊ฒผ์๋ ๋ชป์๊ฒผ์๋ ๋ชป์๊ฒผ์์ด(์) ๋ชป์๊ธฐ์ จ์์ด์
warm ๋ฐ๋ปํ ๋ฐ๋ปํ๋ ๋ฐ๋ปํ๋ ๋ฐ๋ปํ์ด(์) ๋ฐ๋ปํ์ จ์ด์
weak ์ฝํ ์ฝํ๋ ์ฝํ๋ ์ฝํ์ด(์) ์ฝํ์ จ์ด์
wide ๋ ๋์๋ ๋์๋ ๋์์ด(์) ๋์ผ์ จ์ด์
young ์ ์ ์๋ ์ ์๋ ์ ์์ด(์) ์ ์ผ์ จ์ด์
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APPENDIX
421
Formal Statement +์/์์ต๋๋ค
Formal StatementHonorific +(์ผ)์ จ์ต๋๋ค
Formal Question +์/์์ต๋๊น?
Formal Question Honorific +(์ผ)์ จ์ต๋๊น?
๋๋ ธ์ต๋๋ค ๋๋ฆฌ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋๋ ธ์ต๋๊น ๋๋ฆฌ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์์์ต๋๋ค ์์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์์์ต๋๊น ์์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ ์์ต๋๋ค
์ ์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ ์์ต๋๊น ์ ์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋๋ํ์ต๋๋ค ๋๋ํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋๋ํ์ต๋๊น ๋๋ํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
ํผํผํ์ต๋๋ค ํผํผํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ํผํผํ์ต๋๊น ํผํผํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
ํค๊ฐ ์ปธ์ต๋๋ค ํค๊ฐ ํฌ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ํค๊ฐ ์ปธ์ต๋๊น ํค๊ฐ ํฌ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ง์์์ต๋๋ค x ๋ง์์์ต๋๊น ๋ง์์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋๊บผ์ ์ต๋๋ค ๋๊บผ์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋๊บผ์ ์ต๋๊น ๋๊บผ์ฐ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ง๋์์ต๋๋ค ๋ง๋ฅด์ จ์์ต๋๋ค ๋ง๋์์ต๋๊น ๋ง๋ฅด์ จ์์ต๋๊น
์์์ต๋๋ค ์์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์์์ต๋๊น ์์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ชฉ๋ง๋์ต๋๋ค x ๋ชฉ๋ง๋์ต๋๊น ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฅด์ จ์ต๋๊น
ํผ๊ณคํ์ต๋๋ค x ํผ๊ณคํ์ต๋๊น ํผ๊ณคํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋ชป์๊ฒผ์์ต๋๋ค ๋ชป์๊ธฐ์ จ์์ต๋๋ค ๋ชป์๊ฒผ์์ต๋๊น ๋ชป์๊ธฐ์ จ์์ต๋๊น
๋ฐ๋ปํ์ต๋๋ค ๋ฐ๋ปํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋ฐ๋ปํ์ต๋๊น ๋ฐ๋ปํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ฝํ์ต๋๋ค ์ฝํ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ฝํ์ต๋๊น ์ฝํ์ จ์ต๋๊น
๋์์ต๋๋ค ๋์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ๋์์ต๋๊น ๋์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
์ ์์ต๋๋ค ์ ์ผ์ จ์ต๋๋ค ์ ์์ต๋๊น ์ ์ผ์ จ์ต๋๊น
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APPENDIX
422
Appendix 12: Adjective Future Tense Endings Stem
SuppositionCasual +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ์ผ
Supposition Polite +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ์์
afraid ๋ฌด์ญ ๋ฌด์์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ฌด์์ธ ๊ฑฐ์์
bad ๋์ ๋์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋์ ๊ฑฐ์์
beautiful ์๋ฆ๋ต ์๋ฆ๋ค์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์๋ฆ๋ค์ธ ๊ฑฐ์์
big ํฌ ํด ๊ฑฐ์ผ ํด ๊ฑฐ์์
boring ์ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ ๊ฑฐ์์
bright ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ฐ์ ๊ฑฐ์์
busy ๋ฐ์ ๋ฐ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ฐ์ ๊ฑฐ์์
cheap ์ธ ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ ๊ฑฐ์์
clean ๊นจ๋ํ ๊นจ๋ํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๊นจ๋ํ ๊ฑฐ์์
close ๊ฐ๊น ๊ฐ๊น์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๊ฐ๊น์ธ ๊ฑฐ์์
cloudy ํ๋ฆฌ ํ๋ฆด ๊ฑฐ์ผ ํ๋ฆด ๊ฑฐ์์
cold(thing) ์ฐจ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๊ฐ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ฐจ๊ฐ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์์
cold ์ถฅ ์ถ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ถ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์์
complicated ๋ณต์กํ ๋ณต์กํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ณต์กํ ๊ฑฐ์์
cool ์์ํ ์์ํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์์ํ ๊ฑฐ์์
cute ๊ท์ฝ ๊ท์ฌ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๊ท์ฌ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์์
dangerous ์ํํ ์ํํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ํํ ๊ฑฐ์์
dark ์ด๋ก ์ด๋์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ด๋์ธ ๊ฑฐ์์
deep ๊น ๊น์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๊น์ ๊ฑฐ์์
delicious ๋ง์ ๋ง์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ง์์ ๊ฑฐ์์
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APPENDIX
423
Supposition Honorific +(์ผ)์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
SuppositionPolite Formal +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฒ๋๋ค
SuppositionHonorific Formal +(์ผ)์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋ฌด์์ฐ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ฌด์์ธ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ฌด์์ฐ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋์์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋์์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์๋ฆ๋ค์ฐ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์๋ฆ๋ค์ธ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์๋ฆ๋ค์ฐ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
ํฌ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ํด ๊ฒ๋๋ค ํฌ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋ฐ์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ฐ์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ฐ์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋ฐ์์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ฐ์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ฐ์์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์ธ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ธ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๊นจ๋ํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๊นจ๋ํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๊นจ๋ํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๊ฐ๊น์ฐ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๊ฐ๊น์ธ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๊ฐ๊น์ฐ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
ํ๋ฆฌ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ํ๋ฆด ๊ฒ๋๋ค ํ๋ฆฌ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์ฐจ๊ฐ์ฐ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ฐจ๊ฐ์ธ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ฐจ๊ฐ์ฐ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์ถ์ฐ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ถ์ธ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ถ์ฐ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋ณต์กํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ณต์กํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ณต์กํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์์ํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์์ํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์์ํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๊ท์ฌ์ฐ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๊ท์ฌ์ธ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๊ท์ฌ์ฐ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์ํํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ํํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ํํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์ด๋์ฐ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ด๋์ธ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ด๋์ฐ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๊น์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๊น์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๊น์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋ง์์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ง์์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ง์์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
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APPENDIX
424
Stem
SuppositionCasual +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ์ผ
Supposition Polite +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ์์
difficult ์ด๋ ต ์ด๋ ค์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ด๋ ค์ธ ๊ฑฐ์์
diligent ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ ๊ฑฐ์์
dirty ๋๋ฝ ๋๋ฌ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋๋ฌ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์์
easy ์ฝ ์ฌ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ฌ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์์
expensive ๋น์ธ ๋น์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋น์ ๊ฑฐ์์
far ๋ฉ ๋ฉ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ฉ ๊ฑฐ์์
fat ๋ฑ๋ฑํ ๋ฑ๋ฑํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ฑ๋ฑํ ๊ฑฐ์์
fine(weather) ๋ง ๋ง์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ง์ ๊ฑฐ์์
fun (enjoyable) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ ๊ฑฐ์์
good ์ข ์ข์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ข์ ๊ฑฐ์์
handsome ์์๊ธฐ+์ ์์๊ฒผ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์์๊ฒผ์ ๊ฑฐ์์
happy ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์ ๊ฑฐ์์
happy ํ๋ณตํ ํ๋ณตํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ํ๋ณตํ ๊ฑฐ์์
hate/dislike ์ซ ์ซ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ซ์ ๊ฑฐ์์
heavy ๋ฌด๊ฒ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์์
high ๋ ๋์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋์ ๊ฑฐ์์
hot ๋จ๊ฒ ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์์
hot (spicy) ๋งต ๋งค์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋งค์ธ ๊ฑฐ์์
hot (temperature) ๋ฅ ๋์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋์ธ ๊ฑฐ์์
interesting (fun ) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ ๊ฑฐ์์
![Page 445: Book-My Korean 1-Young a.cho](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050805/55cf9358550346f57b9d52ba/html5/thumbnails/445.jpg)
APPENDIX
425
Supposition Honorific +(์ผ)์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
SuppositionPolite Formal +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฒ๋๋ค
Supposition Honorific Formal +(์ผ)์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์ด๋ ค์ฐ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ด๋ ค์ธ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ด๋ ค์ฐ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋๋ฌ์ฐ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋๋ฌ์ธ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋๋ฌ์ฐ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์ฌ์ฐ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ฌ์ธ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ฌ์ฐ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋น์ธ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋น์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋น์ธ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋จธ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ฉ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋จธ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋ฑ๋ฑํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ฑ๋ฑํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ฑ๋ฑํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋ง์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ง์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ง์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์ข์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ข์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ข์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์์๊ธฐ์ จ์ ๊ฑฐ์์ ์์๊ฒผ์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์์๊ธฐ์ จ์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
ํ๋ณตํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ํ๋ณตํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ํ๋ณตํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์ซ์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ซ์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ซ์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ฐ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ธ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ฐ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋จ๊ฑฐ์ฐ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ธ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ฐ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋งค์ฐ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋งค์ธ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋งค์ฐ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋์ฐ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋์ธ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋์ฐ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
![Page 446: Book-My Korean 1-Young a.cho](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050805/55cf9358550346f57b9d52ba/html5/thumbnails/446.jpg)
APPENDIX
426
Stem
SuppositionCasual +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ์ผ
Supposition Polite +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ์์
interesting
(attention)
ํฅ๋ฏธ์ ํฅ๋ฏธ์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ํฅ๋ฏธ์์ ๊ฑฐ์์
kind ์น์ ํ ์น์ ํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์น์ ํ ๊ฑฐ์์
lazy ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅด ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์์
light ๊ฐ๋ณ ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์์
long ๊ธธ ๊ธธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๊ธธ ๊ฑฐ์์
low ๋ฎ ๋ฎ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ฎ์ ๊ฑฐ์์
narrow ์ข ์ข์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ข์ ๊ฑฐ์์
noisy ์๋๋ฝ ์๋๋ฌ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์๋๋ฌ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์์
numerous ๋ง ๋ง์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ง์ ๊ฑฐ์์
old (people) ๋ (future)
๋+์ (supposition)
๋์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
๋์์ ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋์ ๊ฑฐ์์
๋์์ ๊ฑฐ์์ old (thing) ๋ก (future)
๋ก+์ (supposition)
๋ก์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
๋ก์์ ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ก์ ๊ฑฐ์์๏ผ
๋ก์์ ๊ฑฐ์์ pretty ์์ ์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์์ ๊ฑฐ์์
quick ๋น ๋ฅด ๋น ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋น ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์์
quiet ์กฐ์ฉํ ์กฐ์ฉํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์กฐ์ฉํ ๊ฑฐ์์
sad ์ฌํ ์ฌํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ฌํ ๊ฑฐ์์
salty ์ง ์งค ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์งค ๊ฑฐ์์
shallow ์ ์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์์ ๊ฑฐ์์
short ์งง ์งง์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์งง์ ๊ฑฐ์์
sick ์ํ ์ํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ํ ๊ฑฐ์์
slim ๋ ์ฌํ ๋ ์ฌํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ ์ฌํ ๊ฑฐ์์
![Page 447: Book-My Korean 1-Young a.cho](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050805/55cf9358550346f57b9d52ba/html5/thumbnails/447.jpg)
APPENDIX
427
Supposition Honorific +(์ผ)์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
SuppositionPolite Formal +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฒ๋๋ค
Supposition Honorific Formal +(์ผ)์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
ํฅ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ํฅ๋ฏธ์์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ํฅ๋ฏธ์์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์น์ ํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์น์ ํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์น์ ํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅด์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅด์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ฐ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ธ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ฐ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๊ธฐ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์* ๊ธธ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๊ธฐ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค*
๋ฎ์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ฎ์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ฎ์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์ข์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ข์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ข์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์๋๋ฌ์ฐ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์๋๋ฌ์ธ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์๋๋ฌ์ฐ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋ง์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ง์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ง์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
๋์ผ์ จ์ ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค/
๋์์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค* ๋์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋์ผ์ จ์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค x ๋ก์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค๏ผ
๋ก์์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค
x
์์์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์์์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋น ๋ฅด์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋น ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋น ๋ฅด์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์กฐ์ฉํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์กฐ์ฉํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์กฐ์ฉํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์ฌํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ฌํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ฌํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์ง์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์งค ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ง์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์งง์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์งง์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์งง์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์ํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋ ์ฌํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ ์ฌํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ ์ฌํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
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APPENDIX
428
Stem
SuppositionCasual +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ์ผ
Supposition Polite +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ์์
slow ๋๋ฆฌ ๋๋ฆด ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋๋ฆด ๊ฑฐ์์
small ์ ์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์์ ๊ฑฐ์์
small (quantity) ์ ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ์์
smart ๋๋ํ ๋๋ํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋๋ํ ๊ฑฐ์์
strong ํผํผํ ํผํผํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ํผํผํ ๊ฑฐ์์
tall ํค๊ฐ ํฌ ํค๊ฐ ํด ๊ฑฐ์ผ ํค๊ฐ ํด ๊ฑฐ์์
tasteless ๋ง์ ๋ง์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ง์์ ๊ฑฐ์์
thick ๋๊ป ๋๊บผ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋๊บผ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์์
thin(people) ๋ง๋ฅด+์ ๋ง๋์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ง๋์๊ฑฐ์์
thin(thing) ์ ์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์์ ๊ฑฐ์์
thirsty ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฅด ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์์
tired ํผ๊ณคํ ํผ๊ณคํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ํผ๊ณคํ ๊ฑฐ์์
ugly ๋ชป์๊ธฐ+์ ๋ชป์๊ฒผ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ชป์๊ฒผ์ ๊ฑฐ์์
warm ๋ฐ๋ปํ ๋ฐ๋ปํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ฐ๋ปํ ๊ฑฐ์์
weak ์ฝํ ์ฝํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ฝํ ๊ฑฐ์์
wide ๋ ๋์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋์ ๊ฑฐ์์
young ์ ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ์์
![Page 449: Book-My Korean 1-Young a.cho](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050805/55cf9358550346f57b9d52ba/html5/thumbnails/449.jpg)
APPENDIX
429
Supposition Honorific +(์ผ)์ค ๊ฑฐ์์
SuppositionPolite Formal +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฒ๋๋ค
Supposition Honorific Formal +(์ผ)์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋๋ฆฌ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋๋ฆด ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋๋ฆฌ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์ ์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ ์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ ์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋๋ํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋๋ํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋๋ํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
ํผํผํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ํผํผํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ํผํผํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
ํค๊ฐ ํฌ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ํค๊ฐ ํด ๊ฒ๋๋ค ํค๊ฐ ํฌ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋ง์์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ง์์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ง์์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋๊บผ์ฐ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋๊บผ์ธ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋๊บผ์ฐ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋ง๋ฅด์ จ์ ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ง๋์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ง๋ฅด์ จ์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฅด์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฅผ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฅด์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
ํผ๊ณคํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ํผ๊ณคํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ํผ๊ณคํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋ชป์๊ธฐ์ จ์ ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ชป์๊ฒผ์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ชป์๊ธฐ์ จ์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋ฐ๋ปํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ฐ๋ปํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋ฐ๋ปํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์ฝํ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ฝํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ฝํ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ๋์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์ ์ผ์ค ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ ์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์ ์ผ์ค ๊ฒ๋๋ค
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APPENDIX
430
Appendix 13: Adjectives with +๊ณ ; +๋ค(์)
Stem and
+๊ณ
Exclamation +๋ค(์)
afraid ๋ฌด์ญ ๋ฌด์ญ๊ณ ๋ฌด์ญ๋ค(์)
bad ๋์ ๋์๊ณ ๋์๋ค(์)
beautiful ์๋ฆ๋ต ์๋ฆ๋ต๊ณ ์๋ฆ๋ต๋ค(์)
big ํฌ ํฌ๊ณ ํฌ๋ค(์)
boring ์ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๊ณ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋ค(์)
bright ๋ฐ ๋ฐ๊ณ ๋ฐ๋ค(์)
busy ๋ฐ์ ๋ฐ์๊ณ ๋ฐ์๋ค(์)
cheap ์ธ ์ธ๊ณ ์ธ๋ค(์)
clean ๊นจ๋ํ ๊นจ๋ํ๊ณ ๊นจ๋ํ๋ค(์)
close ๊ฐ๊น ๊ฐ๊น๊ณ ๊ฐ๊น๋ค(์)
cloudy ํ๋ฆฌ ํ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ํ๋ฆฌ๋ค(์)
cold(thing) ์ฐจ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๊ฐ๊ณ ์ฐจ๊ฐ๋ค(์)
cold ์ถฅ ์ถฅ๊ณ ์ถฅ๋ค(์)
complicated ๋ณต์กํ ๋ณต์กํ๊ณ ๋ณต์กํ๋ค(์)
cool ์์ํ ์์ํ๊ณ ์์ํ๋ค(์)
cute ๊ท์ฝ ๊ท์ฝ๊ณ ๊ท์ฝ๋ค(์)
dangerous ์ํํ ์ํํ๊ณ ์ํํ๋ค(์)
dark ์ด๋ก ์ด๋ก๊ณ ์ด๋ก๋ค(์)
deep ๊น ๊น๊ณ ๊น๋ค(์)
delicious ๋ง์ ๋ง์๊ณ ๋ง์๋ค(์)
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APPENDIX
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Stem and
+๊ณ
Exclamation +๋ค(์)
difficult ์ด๋ ต ์ด๋ ต๊ณ ์ด๋ ต๋ค(์)
diligent ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ๊ณ ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ๋ค(์)
dirty ๋๋ฝ ๋๋ฝ๊ณ ๋๋ฝ๋ค(์)
easy ์ฝ ์ฝ๊ณ ์ฝ๋ค(์)
expensive ๋น์ธ ๋น์ธ๊ณ ๋น์ธ๋ค(์)
far ๋ฉ ๋ฉ๊ณ ๋จธ๋ค(์)
fat ๋ฑ๋ฑํ ๋ฑ๋ฑํ๊ณ ๋ฑ๋ฑํ๋ค(์)
fine(weather) ๋ง ๋ง๊ณ ๋ง๋ค(์)
fun (enjoyable) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๊ณ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋ค(์)
good ์ข ์ข๊ณ ์ข๋ค(์)
handsome ์์๊ธฐ+์ ์์๊ฒผ๊ณ ์์๊ฒผ๋ค(์)
happy ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข๋ค(์)
happy ํ๋ณตํ ํ๋ณตํ๊ณ ํ๋ณตํ๋ค(์)
hate/dislike ์ซ ์ซ๊ณ ์ซ๋ค(์)
heavy ๋ฌด๊ฒ ๋ฌด๊ฒ๊ณ ๋ฌด๊ฒ๋ค(์)
high ๋ ๋๊ณ ๋๋ค(์)
hot ๋จ๊ฒ ๋จ๊ฒ๊ณ ๋จ๊ฒ๋ค(์)
hot (spicy) ๋งต ๋งต๊ณ ๋งต๋ค(์)
hot (temperature) ๋ฅ ๋ฅ๊ณ ๋ฅ๋ค(์)
interesting (fun ) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๊ณ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋ค(์)
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APPENDIX
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Stem and
+๊ณ
Exclamation +๋ค(์)
interesting
(attention)
ํฅ๋ฏธ์ ํฅ๋ฏธ์๊ณ ํฅ๋ฏธ์๋ค(์)
kind ์น์ ํ ์น์ ํ๊ณ ์น์ ํ๋ค(์)
lazy ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅด ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅด๊ณ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅด๋ค(์)
light ๊ฐ๋ณ ๊ฐ๋ณ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋ณ๋ค(์)
long ๊ธธ ๊ธธ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ค(์)
low ๋ฎ ๋ฎ๊ณ ๋ฎ๋ค(์)
narrow ์ข ์ข๊ณ ์ข๋ค(์)
noisy ์๋๋ฝ ์๋๋ฝ๊ณ ์๋๋ฝ๋ค(์)
numerous ๋ง ๋ง๊ณ ๋ง๋ค(์)
old (people) ๋+์ ๋์๊ณ ๋์๋ค(์)
old (thing) ๋ก+์ ๋ก์๊ณ ๋ก์๋ค(์)
pretty ์์ ์์๊ณ ์์๋ค(์)
quick ๋น ๋ฅด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ ๋น ๋ฅด๋ค(์)
quiet ์กฐ์ฉํ ์กฐ์ฉํ๊ณ ์กฐ์ฉํ๋ค(์)
sad ์ฌํ ์ฌํ๊ณ ์ฌํ๋ค(์)
salty ์ง ์ง๊ณ ์ง๋ค(์)
shallow ์ ์๊ณ ์๋ค(์)
short ์งง ์งง๊ณ ์งง๋ค(์)
sick ์ํ ์ํ๊ณ ์ํ๋ค(์)
slim ๋ ์ฌํ ๋ ์ฌํ๊ณ ๋ ์ฌํ๋ค(์)
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APPENDIX
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Stem and
+๊ณ
Exclamation +๋ค(์)
slow ๋๋ฆฌ ๋๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋๋ฆฌ๋ค(์)
small ์ ์๊ณ ์๋ค(์)
small (quantity) ์ ์ ๊ณ ์ ๋ค(์)
smart ๋๋ํ ๋๋ํ๊ณ ๋๋ํ๋ค(์)
strong ํผํผํ ํผํผํ๊ณ ํผํผํ๋ค(์)
tall ํค๊ฐ ํฌ ํค๊ฐ ํฌ๊ณ ํค๊ฐ ํฌ๋ค(์)
tasteless ๋ง์ ๋ง์๊ณ ๋ง์๋ค(์)
thick ๋๊ป ๋๊ป๊ณ ๋๊ป๋ค(์)
thin(people) ๋ง๋ฅด+์ ๋ง๋๊ณ ๋ง๋๋ค(์)
thin(thing) ์ ์๊ณ ์๋ค(์)
thirsty ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฅด ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฅด๊ณ ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฅด๋ค(์)
tired ํผ๊ณคํ ํผ๊ณคํ๊ณ ํผ๊ณคํ๋ค(์)
ugly ๋ชป์๊ธฐ+์ ๋ชป์๊ฒผ๊ณ ๋ชป์๊ฒผ๋ค(์)
warm ๋ฐ๋ปํ ๋ฐ๋ปํ๊ณ ๋ฐ๋ปํ๋ค(์)
weak ์ฝํ ์ฝํ๊ณ ์ฝํ๋ค(์)
wide ๋ ๋๊ณ ๋๋ค(์)
young ์ ์ ๊ณ ์ ๋ค(์)
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APPENDIX
434
Appendix 14: Adjectives with +(์ผ)ใด๋ฐ(์),
Stem and / but(present) +(์ผ)ใด๋ฐ(์)
and / but(past)
+์/์๋๋ฐ(์)
and / but (future)
+(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
afraid ๋ฌด์ญ ๋ฌด์์ด๋ฐ(์) ๋ฌด์์ ๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ฌด์์ธ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
bad ๋์ ๋์๋ฐ(์) ๋๋นด๋๋ฐ(์) ๋์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
beautiful ์๋ฆ๋ต ์๋ฆ๋ค์ด๋ฐ(์) ์๋ฆ๋ค์ ๋๋ฐ(์) ์๋ฆ๋ค์ธ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
big ํฌ ํฐ๋ฐ(์) ์ปธ๋๋ฐ(์) ํด ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
boring ์ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋๋ฐ(์) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์๋๋ฐ(์) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
bright ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์๋ฐ(์) ๋ฐ์๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ฐ์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
busy ๋ฐ์ ๋ฐ์๋ฐ(์) ๋ฐ๋นด๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ฐ์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
cheap ์ธ ์ผ๋ฐ(์) ์๋๋ฐ(์) ์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
clean ๊นจ๋ํ ๊นจ๋ํ๋ฐ(์) ๊นจ๋ํ๋๋ฐ(์) ๊นจ๋ํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
close ๊ฐ๊น ๊ฐ๊น์ด๋ฐ(์) ๊ฐ๊น์ ๋๋ฐ(์) ๊ฐ๊น์ธ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
cloudy ํ๋ฆฌ ํ๋ฆฐ๋ฐ(์) ํ๋ ธ๋๋ฐ(์) ํ๋ฆด ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
cold(thing) ์ฐจ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๊ฐ์ด๋ฐ(์) ์ฐจ๊ฐ์ ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ฐจ๊ฐ์ธ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
cold ์ถฅ ์ถ์ด๋ฐ(์) ์ถ์ ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ถ์ธ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
complicated ๋ณต์กํ ๋ณต์กํ๋ฐ(์) ๋ณต์กํ๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ณต์กํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
cool ์์ํ ์์ํ๋ฐ(์) ์์ํ๋๋ฐ(์) ์์ํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
cute ๊ท์ฝ ๊ท์ฌ์ด๋ฐ(์) ๊ท์ฌ์ ๋๋ฐ(์) ๊ท์ฌ์ธ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
dangerous ์ํํ ์ํํ๋ฐ(์) ์ํํ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ํํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
dark ์ด๋ก ์ด๋์ด๋ฐ(์) ์ด๋์ ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ด๋์ธ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
deep ๊น ๊น์๋ฐ(์) ๊น์๋๋ฐ(์) ๊น์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
delicious ๋ง์ ๋ง์๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ง์์๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ง์์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
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APPENDIX
435
+์์๋๋ฐ(์) & +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
Stem and / but(present) +(์ผ)ใด๋ฐ(์)
and / but(past)
+์/์๋๋ฐ(์)
and / but (future)
+(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
difficult ์ด๋ ต ์ด๋ ค์ด๋ฐ(์) ์ด๋ ค์ ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ด๋ ค์ธ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
diligent ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ๋ฐ(์) ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
dirty ๋๋ฝ ๋๋ฌ์ด๋ฐ(์) ๋๋ฌ์ ๋๋ฐ(์) ๋๋ฌ์ธ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
easy ์ฝ ์ฌ์ด๋ฐ(์) ์ฌ์ ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ฌ์ธ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
expensive ๋น์ธ ๋น์ผ๋ฐ(์) ๋น์๋๋ฐ(์) ๋น์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
far ๋ฉ ๋จผ๋ฐ(์) ๋ฉ์๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ฉ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
fat ๋ฑ๋ฑํ ๋ฑ๋ฑํ๋ฐ(์) ๋ฑ๋ฑํ๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ฑ๋ฑํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
fine(weather) ๋ง ๋ง์๋ฐ(์) ๋ง์๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ง์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
fun (enjoyable) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋๋ฐ(์) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋๋ฐ(์) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
good ์ข ์ข์๋ฐ(์) ์ข์๋๋ฐ(์) ์ข์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
handsome ์์๊ธฐ+์ ์์๊ฒผ๋๋ฐ(์) ์์๊ฒผ์๋๋ฐ(์) ์์๊ฒผ์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
happy ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์๋ฐ(์) ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์๋๋ฐ(์) ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
happy ํ๋ณตํ ํ๋ณตํ๋ฐ(์) ํ๋ณตํ๋๋ฐ(์) ํ๋ณตํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
hate/dislike ์ซ ์ซ์๋ฐ(์) ์ซ์๋๋ฐ(์) ์ซ์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
heavy ๋ฌด๊ฒ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ด๋ฐ(์) ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ ๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ธ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
high ๋ ๋์๋ฐ(์) ๋์๋๋ฐ(์) ๋์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
hot ๋จ๊ฒ ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ด๋ฐ(์) ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ ๋๋ฐ(์) ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ธ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
hot (spicy) ๋งต ๋งค์ด๋ฐ(์) ๋งค์ ๋๋ฐ(์) ๋งค์ธ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
hot (temperature) ๋ฅ ๋์ด๋ฐ(์) ๋์ ๋๋ฐ(์) ๋์ธ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
interesting (fun ) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋๋ฐ(์) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์๋๋ฐ(์) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
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APPENDIX
436
Stem and / but(present) +(์ผ)ใด๋ฐ(์)
and / but(past)
+์/์๋๋ฐ(์)
and / but (future)
+(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
interesting
(attention)
ํฅ๋ฏธ์ ํฅ๋ฏธ์๋๋ฐ(์) ํฅ๋ฏธ์์๋๋ฐ(์) ํฅ๋ฏธ์์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
kind ์น์ ํ ์น์ ํ๋ฐ(์) ์น์ ํ์๋๋ฐ(์) ์น์ ํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
lazy ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅด ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅธ๋ฐ(์) ๊ฒ์๋ ๋๋ฐ(์) ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
light ๊ฐ๋ณ ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ด๋ฐ(์) ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ ๋๋ฐ(์) ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ธ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
long ๊ธธ ๊ธด๋ฐ(์) ๊ธธ์๋๋ฐ(์) ๊ธธ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
low ๋ฎ ๋ฎ์๋ฐ(์) ๋ฎ์๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ฎ์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
narrow ์ข ์ข์๋ฐ(์) ์ข์๋๋ฐ(์) ์ข์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
noisy ์๋๋ฝ ์๋๋ฌ์ด๋ฐ(์) ์๋๋ฌ์ ๋๋ฐ(์) ์๋๋ฌ์ธ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
numerous ๋ง ๋ง์๋ฐ(์) ๋ง์๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ง์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
old (people) ๋+์ ๋์๋๋ฐ(์) ๋์์๋๋ฐ(์) ๋์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)/
๋์์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
old (thing) ๋ก+์ ๋ก์๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ก์์๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ก์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)๏ผ
๋ก์์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์) pretty ์์ ์์๋ฐ(์) ์๋ปค๋๋ฐ(์) ์์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
quick ๋น ๋ฅด ๋น ๋ฅธ๋ฐ(์) ๋นจ๋๋๋ฐ(์) ๋น ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
quiet ์กฐ์ฉํ ์กฐ์ฉํ๋ฐ(์) ์กฐ์ฉํ๋๋ฐ(์) ์กฐ์ฉํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
sad ์ฌํ ์ฌํ๋ฐ(์) ์ฌํ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ฌํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
salty ์ง ์ง ๋ฐ(์) ์งฐ๋๋ฐ(์) ์งค ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
shallow ์ ์์๋ฐ(์) ์์๋๋ฐ(์) ์์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
short ์งง ์งง์๋ฐ(์) ์งง์๋๋ฐ(์) ์งง์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
sick ์ํ ์ํ๋ฐ(์) ์ํ ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
slim ๋ ์ฌํ ๋ ์ฌํ๋ฐ(์) ๋ ์ฌํ๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ ์ฌํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
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APPENDIX
437
Stem and / but(present) +(์ผ)ใด๋ฐ(์)
and / but(past)
+์/์๋๋ฐ(์)
and / but (future)
+(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
slow ๋๋ฆฌ ๋๋ฆฐ๋ฐ(์) ๋๋ ธ๋๋ฐ(์) ๋๋ฆด ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
small ์ ์์๋ฐ(์) ์์๋๋ฐ(์) ์์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
small (quantity) ์ ์ ์๋ฐ(์) ์ ์๋๋ฐ(์) ์ ์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
smart ๋๋ํ ๋๋ํ๋ฐ(์) ๋๋ํ๋๋ฐ(์) ๋๋ํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
strong ํผํผํ ํผํผํ๋ฐ(์) ํผํผํ๋๋ฐ(์) ํผํผํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
tall ํค๊ฐ ํฌ ํค๊ฐ ํฐ๋ฐ(์) ํค๊ฐ ์ปธ๋๋ฐ(์) ํค๊ฐ ํด ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
tasteless ๋ง์ ๋ง์๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ง์์๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ง์์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
thick ๋๊ป ๋๊บผ์ด๋ฐ(์) ๋๊บผ์ ๋๋ฐ(์) ๋๊บผ์ธ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
thin(people) ๋ง๋ฅด+์ ๋ง๋๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ง๋์๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ง๋์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
thin(thing) ์ ์์๋ฐ(์) ์์๋๋ฐ(์) ์์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
thirsty ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฅด ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฅธ๋ฐ(์) ๋ชฉ๋ง๋๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
tired ํผ๊ณคํ ํผ๊ณคํ๋ฐ(์) ํผ๊ณคํ๋๋ฐ(์) ํผ๊ณคํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
ugly ๋ชป์๊ธฐ+์ ๋ชป์๊ฒผ๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ชป์๊ฒผ์๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ชป์๊ฒผ์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
warm ๋ฐ๋ปํ ๋ฐ๋ปํ๋ฐ(์) ๋ฐ๋ปํ๋๋ฐ(์) ๋ฐ๋ปํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
weak ์ฝํ ์ฝํ๋ฐ(์) ์ฝํ๋๋ฐ(์) ์ฝํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
wide ๋ ๋์๋ฐ(์) ๋์๋๋ฐ(์) ๋์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
young ์ ์ ์๋ฐ(์) ์ ์๋๋ฐ(์) ์ ์ ๊ฑด๋ฐ(์)
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APPENDIX
438
Appendix 15: Adjectives with +๊ฑฐ๋ (์),
Stem Itโs because โฆ(present)
+๊ฑฐ๋ (์).
Itโs because โฆ(past)
+์/์๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
Itโs because โฆ (future)
+(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
afraid ๋ฌด์ญ ๋ฌด์ญ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ฌด์์ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ฌด์์ธ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
bad ๋์ ๋์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋๋นด๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
beautiful ์๋ฆ๋ต ์๋ฆ๋ต๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์๋ฆ๋ค์ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์๋ฆ๋ค์ธ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
big ํฌ ํฌ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ปธ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ํด ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
boring ์ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
bright ๋ฐ ๋ฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ฐ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ฐ์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
busy ๋ฐ์ ๋ฐ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ฐ๋นด๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ฐ์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
cheap ์ธ ์ธ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
clean ๊นจ๋ํ ๊นจ๋ํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊นจ๋ํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊นจ๋ํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
close ๊ฐ๊น ๊ฐ๊น๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ฐ๊น์ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ฐ๊น์ธ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
cloudy ํ๋ฆฌ ํ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ํ๋ ธ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ํ๋ฆด ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
cold(thing) ์ฐจ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๊ฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ฐจ๊ฐ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ฐจ๊ฐ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
cold ์ถฅ ์ถฅ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ถ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ถ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
complicated ๋ณต์กํ ๋ณต์กํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ณต์กํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ณต์กํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
cool ์์ํ ์์ํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์์ํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์์ํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
cute ๊ท์ฝ ๊ท์ฝ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ท์ฌ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ท์ฌ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
dangerous ์ํํ ์ํํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ํํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ํํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
dark ์ด๋ก ์ด๋ก๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ด๋์ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ด๋์ธ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
deep ๊น ๊น๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊น์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊น์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
delicious ๋ง์ ๋ง์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ง์์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ง์์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
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APPENDIX
439
+์/์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) & +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
Stem Itโs because โฆ(present)
+๊ฑฐ๋ (์).
Itโs because โฆ(past)
+์/์๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
Itโs because โฆ (future)
+(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
difficult ์ด๋ ต ์ด๋ ต๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ด๋ ค์ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ด๋ ค์ธ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
diligent ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
dirty ๋๋ฝ ๋๋ฝ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋๋ฌ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋๋ฌ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
easy ์ฝ ์ฝ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ฌ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ฌ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
expensive ๋น์ธ ๋น์ธ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋น์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋น์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
far ๋ฉ ๋ฉ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ฉ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ฉ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
fat ๋ฑ๋ฑํ ๋ฑ๋ฑํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ฑ๋ฑํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ฑ๋ฑํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
fine(weather) ๋ง ๋ง๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ง์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ง์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
fun (enjoyable) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
good ์ข ์ข๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ข์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ข์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
handsome ์์๊ธฐ+์ ์์๊ฒผ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์์๊ฒผ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์์๊ฒผ์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
happy ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
happy ํ๋ณตํ ํ๋ณตํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ํ๋ณตํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ํ๋ณตํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
hate/dislike ์ซ ์ซ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ซ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ซ์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
heavy ๋ฌด๊ฒ ๋ฌด๊ฒ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
high ๋ ๋๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
hot ๋จ๊ฒ ๋จ๊ฒ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
hot (spicy) ๋งต ๋งต๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋งค์ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋งค์ธ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
hot
(temperature)
๋ฅ ๋ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋์ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋์ธ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
interesting (fun ) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
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Stem Itโs because โฆ(present)
+๊ฑฐ๋ (์).
Itโs because โฆ(past)
+์/์๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
Itโs because โฆ (future)
+(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
interesting
(attention)
ํฅ๋ฏธ์ ํฅ๋ฏธ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ํฅ๋ฏธ์์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ํฅ๋ฏธ์์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
kind ์น์ ํ ์น์ ํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์น์ ํ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์น์ ํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
lazy ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅด ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ฒ์๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
light ๊ฐ๋ณ ๊ฐ๋ณ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
long ๊ธธ ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ธธ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๊ธธ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
low ๋ฎ ๋ฎ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ฎ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ฎ์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
narrow ์ข ์ข๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ข์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ข์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
noisy ์๋๋ฝ ์๋๋ฝ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์๋๋ฌ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์๋๋ฌ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
numerous ๋ง ๋ง๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ง์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ง์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
old (people) ๋+์ ๋(์)๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋์์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)/
๋์์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) old (thing) ๋ก+์ ๋ก(์)๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ก์์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ก์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)๏ผ
๋ก์์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) pretty ์์ ์์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์๋ปค๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
quick ๋น ๋ฅด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋นจ๋๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋น ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
quiet ์กฐ์ฉํ ์กฐ์ฉํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์กฐ์ฉํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์กฐ์ฉํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
sad ์ฌํ ์ฌํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ฌํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ฌํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
salty ์ง ์ง๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์งฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์งค ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
shallow ์ ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
short ์งง ์งง๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์งง์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์งง์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
sick ์ํ ์ํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ํ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
slim ๋ ์ฌํ ๋ ์ฌํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ ์ฌํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ ์ฌํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
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APPENDIX
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Stem Itโs because โฆ
(present)
+๊ฑฐ๋ (์).
Itโs because โฆ
(past)
+์/์๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
Itโs because โฆ
(future)
+(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
slow ๋๋ฆฌ ๋๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋๋ ธ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋๋ฆด ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
small ์ ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
small (quantity) ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
smart ๋๋ํ ๋๋ํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋๋ํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋๋ํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
strong ํผํผํ ํผํผํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ํผํผํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ํผํผํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
tall ํค๊ฐ ํฌ ํค๊ฐ ํฌ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ํค๊ฐ ์ปธ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ํค๊ฐ ํด ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
tasteless ๋ง์ ๋ง์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ง์์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ง์์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
thick ๋๊ป ๋๊ป๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋๊บผ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋๊บผ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
thin(people) ๋ง๋ฅด+์ ๋ง๋๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ง๋์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ง๋์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
thin(thing) ์ ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
thirsty ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฅด ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ชฉ๋ง๋๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
tired ํผ๊ณคํ ํผ๊ณคํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ํผ๊ณคํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ํผ๊ณคํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
ugly ๋ชป์๊ธฐ+์ ๋ชป์๊ฒผ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ชป์๊ฒผ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ชป์๊ฒผ์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
warm ๋ฐ๋ปํ ๋ฐ๋ปํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ฐ๋ปํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋ฐ๋ปํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
weak ์ฝํ ์ฝํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ฝํ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ฝํ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
wide ๋ ๋๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ๋์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
young ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ ์๊ฑฐ๋ (์) ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋ (์)
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APPENDIX
442
Appendix 16: Casual Adjective Endings Stem Present
+์/์ด
Past
+์/์์ด
Future / Supposition
+(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ์ผ
afraid ๋ฌด์ญ ๋ฌด์์ ๋ฌด์์ ์ด ๋ฌด์์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
bad ๋์ ๋๋น ๋๋นด์ด ๋์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
beautiful ์๋ฆ๋ต ์๋ฆ๋ค์ ์๋ฆ๋ค์ ์ด ์๋ฆ๋ค์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
big ํฌ ์ปค ์ปธ์ด ํด ๊ฑฐ์ผ
boring ์ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ด ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์์ด ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
bright ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ ๋ฐ์์ด ๋ฐ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
busy ๋ฐ์ ๋ฐ๋น ๋ฐ๋นด์ด ๋ฐ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
cheap ์ธ ์ธ ์์ด ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
clean ๊นจ๋ํ ๊นจ๋ํด ๊นจ๋ํ์ด ๊นจ๋ํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
close ๊ฐ๊น ๊ฐ๊น์ ๊ฐ๊น์ ์ด ๊ฐ๊น์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
cloudy ํ๋ฆฌ ํ๋ ค ํ๋ ธ์ด ํ๋ฆด ๊ฑฐ์ผ
cold(thing) ์ฐจ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๊ฐ์ ์ฐจ๊ฐ์ ์ด ์ฐจ๊ฐ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
cold ์ถฅ ์ถ์ ์ถ์ ์ด ์ถ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
complicated ๋ณต์กํ ๋ณต์กํด ๋ณต์กํ์ด ๋ณต์กํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
cool ์์ํ ์์ํด ์์ํ์ด ์์ํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
cute ๊ท์ฝ ๊ท์ฌ์ ๊ท์ฌ์ ์ด ๊ท์ฌ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
dangerous ์ํํ ์ํํด ์ํํ์ด ์ํํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
dark ์ด๋ก ์ด๋์ ์ด๋์ ์ด ์ด๋์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
deep ๊น ๊น์ด ๊น์์ด ๊น์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
delicious ๋ง์ ๋ง์์ด ๋ง์์์ด ๋ง์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
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APPENDIX
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+์/์ด, +์/์์ด, +(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ์ผ
Stem Present
+์/์ด
Past
+์/์์ด
Future / Supposition
+(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ์ผ
difficult ์ด๋ ต ์ด๋ ค์ ์ด๋ ค์ ์ด ์ด๋ ค์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
diligent ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํด ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ์ด ๋ถ์ง๋ฐํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
dirty ๋๋ฝ ๋๋ฌ์ ๋๋ฌ์ ์ด ๋๋ฌ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
easy ์ฝ ์ฌ์ ์ฌ์ ์ด ์ฌ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
expensive ๋น์ธ ๋น์ธ ๋น์์ด ๋น์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
far ๋ฉ ๋ฉ์ด ๋ฉ์์ด ๋ฉ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
fat ๋ฑ๋ฑํ ๋ฑ๋ฑํด ๋ฑ๋ฑํ์ด ๋ฑ๋ฑํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
fine(weather) ๋ง ๋ง์ ๋ง์์ด ๋ง์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
fun (enjoyable) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ด ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ด ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
good ์ข ์ข์ ์ข์์ด ์ข์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
handsome ์์๊ธฐ+์ ์์๊ฒผ์ด ์์๊ฒผ์์ด ์์๊ฒผ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
happy ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์ ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์์ด ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
happy ํ๋ณตํ ํ๋ณตํด ํ๋ณตํ์ด ํ๋ณตํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
hate/dislike ์ซ ์ซ์ด ์ซ์์ด ์ซ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
heavy ๋ฌด๊ฒ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ ์ด ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
high ๋ ๋์ ๋์์ด ๋์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
hot ๋จ๊ฒ ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ ์ด ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
hot (spicy) ๋งต ๋งค์ ๋งค์ ์ด ๋งค์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
hot (temperature) ๋ฅ ๋์ ๋์ ์ด ๋์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
interesting (fun ) ์ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ด ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์์ด ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
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APPENDIX
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Stem Present
+์/์ด
Past
+์/์์ด
Future / Supposition
+(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ์ผ
interesting (attention)
ํฅ๋ฏธ์ ํฅ๋ฏธ์์ด ํฅ๋ฏธ์์์ด ํฅ๋ฏธ์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
kind ์น์ ํ ์น์ ํด ์น์ ํ์์ด ์น์ ํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
lazy ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅด ๊ฒ์๋ฌ ๊ฒ์๋ ์ด ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
light ๊ฐ๋ณ ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ ์ด ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
long ๊ธธ ๊ธธ์ด ๊ธธ์์ด ๊ธธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
low ๋ฎ ๋ฎ์ ๋ฎ์์ด ๋ฎ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
narrow ์ข ์ข์ ์ข์์ด ์ข์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
noisy ์๋๋ฝ ์๋๋ฌ์ ์๋๋ฌ์ ์ด ์๋๋ฌ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
numerous ๋ง ๋ง์ ๋ง์์ด ๋ง์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
old (people) ๋+์ ๋์์ด ๋์์์ด ๋์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ/
๋์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ old (thing) ๋ก+์ ๋ก์์ด ๋ก์์์ด ๋ก์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ๏ผ
๋ก์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ pretty ์์ ์๋ป ์๋ปค์ด ์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
quick ๋น ๋ฅด ๋นจ๋ผ ๋นจ๋์ด ๋น ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
quiet ์กฐ์ฉํ ์กฐ์ฉํด ์กฐ์ฉํ์ด ์กฐ์ฉํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
sad ์ฌํ ์ฌํผ ์ฌํ์ด ์ฌํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
salty ์ง ์ง ์งฐ์ด ์งค ๊ฑฐ์ผ
shallow ์ ์์ ์์์ด ์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
short ์งง ์งง์ ์งง์์ด ์งง์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
sick ์ํ ์ํ ์ํ ์ด ์ํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
slim ๋ ์ฌํ ๋ ์ฌํด ๋ ์ฌํ์ด ๋ ์ฌํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
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APPENDIX
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Stem Present
+์/์ด
Past
+์/์์ด
Future / Supposition
+(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ์ผ
slow ๋๋ฆฌ ๋๋ ค ๋๋ ธ์ด ๋๋ฆด ๊ฑฐ์ผ
small ์ ์์ ์์์ด ์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
small
(quantity)
์ ์ ์ด ์ ์์ด ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
smart ๋๋ํ ๋๋ํด ๋๋ํ์ด ๋๋ํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
strong ํผํผํ ํผํผํด ํผํผํ์ด ํผํผํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
tall ํค๊ฐ ํฌ ํค๊ฐ ์ปค ํค๊ฐ ์ปธ์ด ํค๊ฐ ํด ๊ฑฐ์ผ
thick ๋๊ป ๋๊บผ์ ๋๊บผ์ ์ด ๋๊บผ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
thin(people) ๋ง๋ฅด+์ ๋ง๋์ด ๋ง๋์์ด ๋ง๋์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
thin(thing) ์ ์์์ด ์์์ด ์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
thirsty ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฅด ๋ชฉ๋ง๋์ด ๋ชฉ๋ง๋์ด ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
tired ํผ๊ณคํ ํผ๊ณคํด ํผ๊ณคํ์ด ํผ๊ณคํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
tasteless ๋ง์ ๋ง์์ด ๋ง์์์ด ๋ง์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
ugly ๋ชป์๊ธฐ+์ ๋ชป์๊ฒผ์ด ๋ชป์๊ฒผ์์ด ๋ชป์๊ฒผ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
warm ๋ฐ๋ปํ ๋ฐ๋ปํด ๋ฐ๋ปํ์ด ๋ฐ๋ปํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
weak ์ฝํ ์ฝํด ์ฝํ์ด ์ฝํ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
wide ๋ ๋์ด ๋์์ด ๋์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
young ์ ์ ์ด ์ ์์ด ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ
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APPENDIX
446
Appendix 17: Particles and Suffixes +์/๋
+๊ป์๋ (honorific)
Topic Particles
(after nouns, pronouns)
๋๋ ๋ชจ๋ด์ ๋ํ๊ต ํ์์ด์์.
ํ ์๋ฒ์ง๊ป์๋ ์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ฝ์ผ์ธ์.
+์ด/๊ฐ
+๊ป์ (honorific)
Subject Particles
(after nouns, pronouns)
๋ ์จ๊ฐ ์ข์์.
ํ ์๋ฒ์ง๊ป์ ์ค์ จ์ด์.
+์/๋ฅผ Object Particles
(after nouns, pronouns)
์ด์ฝ๋ฆฟ์ ์ข์ํด์.
+์๊ฒ/ํํ
+๊ป (honorific)
Direction Particles
(with people)
to (a person)
์๋ฏธ์๊ฒ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ์ด์.
์ ์๋๊ป ๋ง์ ๋๋ ธ์ด์.
+์๊ฒ(์)/ํํ (์) Source Particles
from (a person)
์๋ฏธ์๊ฒ์ ๋ฐ์์ด์.
+์ Destination Particle
to (a location)
ํ๊ต์ ๊ฐ์.
+ (์ผ)๋ก Dictection Particle
to, towards
ํ๊ต๋ก ๊ฐ์.
+์ Location Particle
in; at; on
๊ต์ค์ ์์ด์.
+์์ Location Particle
(with action verb)
in; at; on
๋ชจ๋ด์ ๋ํ๊ต์์ ๊ณต๋ถํด์.
+์ Time Particle In; at; on
์์์ผ์ ํ๊ตญ์ด ์์ ์์ด์.
+์ Rate and Ratio Particle per
ํ ๊ฐ์ 2000 ์์ด์์.
+ (์ผ)๋ก Instrument Particle by means of
๋ฒ์ค๋ก ์์.
+์ Possessive
Particle
's
์ ์๋์ ์ฑ
โฆ+์์ ...+๊น์ง Delimiter Particles from ... to โฆ (distance)
๋ฉ๋ฒ๋ฅธ์์ ์๋๋๊น์ง
โฆ+๋ถํฐ โฆ+๊น์ง Delimiter Particles from ... to โฆ (time)
ํ ์๋ถํฐ ๋ ์๊น์ง
+๋ง Delimiter Particle only
10 ๋ฌ๋ฌ๋ง ์ฃผ์ธ์
+๋ฐ์ (with negative) Delimiter Particle only; no more than
10 ๋ฌ๋ฌ๋ฐ์ ์์ด์.
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APPENDIX
447
+๋ง๋ค Delimiter Particle each, every, all
ํ ์์ผ๋ง๋ค ์๋ฐํด์
+๋ Emphasis Particle also, too
ํ๊ตญ์ด๋ ๊ณต๋ถํด์
+์๋ (์+๋)
+์์๋ (์์+๋)
+์๋ (์+๋)
Combined Emphasis
Particles
ํ ์์ผ์๋
๋ชจ๋ด์ ๋ํ๊ต์์๋
๋ฉ๋ฒ๋ฅธ์๋
+๋ค Plural Suffix students
ํ์๋ค
+ํ๊ณ
+๊ณผ/์
+(์ด)๋
Conjunction Particles
(between nouns)
and
์ฌ๊ณผํ๊ณ ๋ฐฐ
with
์ ๋ฏธํ๊ณ ๋จน์์ด์
+ (์ด)๋ Conjunction Particles
(between nouns)
or
์ฌ๊ณผ๋ ๋ฐฐ
+๋ณด๋ค Comparision Particle rather than, compared with
์ฌ๊ณผ๋ณด๋ค ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ ์ข์์
๋๋ฌธ์ Reasons
because of
๋ ๋๋ฌธ์
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APPENDIX
448
Appendix 18:
Korean Editing Symbols & Handwriting Sheet
Korean Editing Symbols
Symbols Meaning Example
or Add a space
or
or Delete a space or
Delete
or Insert
or
Replace
or Replace
or
Change word order
Cannot understand
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Surname: Given Names: page of
240 blocks
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Korean Keyboard Layout