BOOK LAYOUT-Sinhala Revised Layout 1

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wmiu.s iïmkak cd;shls'wmgiqrlaIs; rgla we;'wNsudkj;acd;shlgwod< ishÆ mokïwm imqrdf.k we;af;uq'oeka l< hq;af;ata wNsudkhta iqrlaIs;;dj;yjqre lr .ekSuh'osú ysñfhka iq/lSuh'rg jeishkaf.awjYH;d iy m%dr®:kd"hy .=Koï /flkm˙irhl imqrd .ekSu Wfoidudf.a oelau yd wfma fufyjr wka;r®.;jQ§uyskao Ñka;k f,dj oskk uÛ¶uf.a wdorKSh ud;D N+ñfhaw;s mQckSh meúos W;=ukag"ohdnr uõjrekag" mshjrekag"fidhqre" fidhq˙hkag"ore oe˙hkag iyñ;=re ñ;=˙hkagfifkyiska ms<s.kajñ'

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fuf;la l:dj 9

1 cd;sl wdrlaIdj ms<sn| f.da,Sh wdor®Yhla 13

2 mq`M,a foaYmd,k m%;sixialrKhla 17

- wÆ;a foaYmd,k ixialD;shla

3 iodpdr iïmkak iudchla 23

4 rgg jevlrk cd;sysff;Is rdcH fiajhla 27

5 fmdfydi;a rgla 32

6 cd;sl lr®udka; kHdh m;%h 49

7 ixjr®Okffha ñys˙ M, .ug f.k hk †ú ke.=u 60

8 cd;sl fm!reI;aj wOHdmkhla 66

9 ksfrda.Slu mru ,dNhhs 74

10 °r®>dhq msKsi l%Svd 80

1 1 hfidaord mrmqrg fmdfydi;a fyg ojila 82

12 ;=reKq fygla msreKq rgla 84

13 .ukg iqjmyiqj 89

14 mK fia iqrlsk m˙irh 94

15 ;srir ck fijk 98

16 há;, myiqlï úma,jh fkdkej;S b†˙hg 100

17 úoHd ;dCIK yd kfjda;amdokh 107

18 l,d fl; wiajkq ux.,Hh 109

19 iudc wdrCIKh 112

20 idufha ixys¢hdfõ m%;s,dN ck;djg 115

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

9

fuf;la l:dj

uõìug ksoyi w;am;a lr .ekSu ms<sn|j jQ w;suy;a m%d¾:kdj oYl

.Kkska jhig hk whqre Tn b;d wirKj yQ,añka n,d isák whqre

uu ÿgqfjñ' uyck ksfhda‚;fhl= f,i th ug bjiqï fkdfokakla

úh. ;u „ú;h fkdj wdorKshhkaf.a „ú; yd foafmd< w.aks cd,d

ueo iqkqúiqKq ù hk wdldrh n,d fkdisg Bg tfrysj b†˙m;a jQ

ieug;a ud;DN+ñhg;a ysñ jQfha mrdch yd ,;eú,a, muKs.

je<mSïj,ska wvqjla fkdjqKq uf.a;a Tfí;a wdorKSh ud;D N+ñhg

ksoyfia iy idufha wreK`M jefgkafka ljod o hkak ms<sn|j

lsisfjl=g;a kskõjla fkd;snqKs. w;sìysiqKq ;%ia;jdofhka wfma uõ

ìu uqod .ekSfï j.lSu uúiska Ndr .; hq;=u nj uu oeäj is;g

.;af;ñ' uf.a tu wêIaGdkh Tn f;areï .;af;ah' ta n jug mila

jQfha 2005 † lsisÿ pls;hlska f;drj Tfí ckjru ug ,ndÿka

fyhsks'

uu ckdêm;sOQrfha †jqreï fok fudfydf;a l∫Ω mqrjd.;a

fofk;ska l< yo llshjk b,a,Su jQfha wfma uõìu l=˙re

;%ia;jdofhka ksoyia lr fok f,igh. uõìfï ksoyi i|yd jk

taldhk wruqK uf.a yojf;a .eUqfrys ;ekam;a lf<a Tfí tu

l∫¿h' udú,awdre fidfrdõj jid îug j;=r fmdola fkd° uf.a rfÜ

ckhd iajNdúl urKhlg m;a ls¯ug ;%ia;jd°ka .;a W;aidyh rg

uqojd .ekSfï igfka m<uq fjä uqrh lr .ekSug ud lghq;= lf<a

tneúks.

f,dj †kk u.

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2005 ° Tn ug Ndrÿka rg ;%ia;jdofhka muKla fkdj wdr®:ßlwfmalaId w;skao fyïn;aj ;snqKs' ú/lshdj yd WoaOukh by< w.hla

.;a w;r" há;, myiqlï b;d ÿ¾j, uÜgul mej;=Ks' cd;sl

wdodhu my< uÜgul mej;s w;r ÿ.S ÿmam;alu by, uÜgul

mej;=Ks' wOHdmk" ffjoH fiajd j, fld;rï mqrmamdvq ;snqKo rdcH

fiajfha n|jd .ekSï iSudlr ;snqKq neúka tlS fiajdjka mej;sfha

cd;sl wfmaCIdjka ;nd mqrjeishkaf.a t†fkod wjYH;djka bgq

lsÍug fkdyels wjdikdjka; ;;a;ajhlgh' rdcH Kh m%udKh

cd;sl wdodhu fuka 102] la úh' tu ksid Tfí „ú; wdrlaId lsÍfï

j.lSu fukau wd¾:ßl yd iud„h jYfhka iún, .ekaùfï NdrOQr

j.lSuo ud fj; mejreKs'

2009 ° Tfí;a uf.a wdorKSh ud;DN+ñh ksoyi yd iduh bmÿKq

fid÷re fldfoõjla njg m;aúh. forK isidrd i;=g fodaf¾

.,kakg mgka .;af;ah. Tn m%S;sfhka Woaoduh ù ch f>daId k.oa °ud ta foi n,d isáfha i;=gq l∫¿ mqrjd.;a oEisks. msfhl=

ifydaorfhl= {d;sfhl= ys;jf;l=f.a f,ka.;=lñks.

2005 ° ug mejrE j.lSu bgq l,dhehs i;=gq jQ Tn bka miq

uf.ka b,a,kafka fõ.j;a iudc wd¾:ßl ixj¾Okhla nj uu oek

isáfhñ' 2010 ° m<uq jrg jvd by< ckjrula Tn ug ,nd ÿkafka

tneúks. Tnf.a tu n,dfmdfrd;a;= o iM, lrñka ÿ.Slu 7] olajd

wvqjqKq talmqoa., wdodhu fvd,¾ 4000 la olajd;a wd¾:ßl j¾Ok

fõ.h 7] lg jvd jeäfhka wLKav wd¾:ßl j¾Okhla iys; rgla

uu Tng Wodlr ÿkafkñ'

olaIsK iy lgqkdhl wêfõ.S ud¾. m%uqLj .u iy k.r hd jk

uyd ud¾. moaO;shla cd;Hka;r uÜgfuka b† lf<ñ' iEu .%dóh

ud¾.hlau m%;sixialrKh lf<ñ' wêrdcHjd° hq.fha f.dvke.+ lsisÿ

m%;sixialrKhlg ,la fkdjQ md,ï o ;%ia;jd°ka úiska lvd ìo oeuQ

md,ï o we;=¿ iuia; md,ï moaO;shu wÆ;a lf<ñ' ud.ïmqr wÆ;a

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

11

jrdh" ol=Kq fld<U kj jrdh iy .d,a," ;%Sl=Kdu,h" T¨ú,a jrdh

we;=¿ jrdh moaO;shla f.dvke.=fjñ' lgqkdhl .=jkaf;dgqfmd<

uq¿ukskau kùlrKh l< w;r u;a;, kj cd;Hka;r

.=jkaf;dgqfmd< ksujd wNHka;r .=jkaf;dgqfmd<j,a moaO;shla o

ìys lf<ñ'

fl,jrmsáh" fkdfrdÉfpdaf,a iy by< fld;auf,a n,Yla;s

ksYamdokd.dr b† lrñka ieug úÿ,sh ,nd ÿkafkñ' fmdf<dkakrej"

;%sl=Kdu,h" .d,a," fld<U wÆ;ska b°l< mdkSh k,c, jHdmD;s

u.ska tu m%foaYj, ckhdf.a c, whs;sh iqrlaIs; lf<ñ' wksl=;a

ishÆ †ia;%slj, fuu jHdmD;sh iïmQ¾K lrñka ieug c,h ,nd°fï

jevigyk o uu iïmQ¾K lrñ' fudr.ylkao" Wud Th" oeÿre Th"

hdka Th" udÿre Th uyd m˙udK jd˙ c,fhdackd l%u u.ska

lDIsl¾ufha c, wjYH;dj iïmQr®K lf<ñ'

kQ;k NdId.dr" .Ks;d.dr" úoHd.drj,ska iukaú; uyskafodaoh

mdi,a 1000 jevigyk u.ska fld<U k.rfha by<u mdif,a

orejkag ,efnk wOHdmk whs;sh wE; msáir .fï mdif,a orejkag

o ,efnkakg ie,eiaiqfjñ' <ud ñ;=re mdi,a ixl,amh yryd uQ,sl

myiqlïj;a fkdue;s mdi,a 5000 lg c,h" úÿ,sh ikSmdrlaIl

myiqlï ,nd ÿkafkñ' fld<U uyd frdayf,a isg .%dóh frday,

olajdu iuia; fi!LH moaO;shu ixj¾Okh lf<ñ' fï Tn uf.ka

wfmalaId fkdl< ;rfï tfy;a uu rgg ,nd ÿka ixj¾Okfhka

ì|la muKs'

fío fkd;ld ud;D N+ñfha ish¨ ;eka j,g ixj¾Okfha wreK¨

jegqKs. 2005 ÿgq l∫¿ fjkqjg iskdfik uqyqK;a rgjeisfhla uu

f.dv ke.=fjñ' ta iuÛu ksoyfia foaYmd,kh lrk, †jd rd;%S

fkdìhj ie˙irk, hymd,kh yd ÿIK jxpd j,g tfrysj ksoyfia

l;d lrk ,shk lshk m˙irhla uu ks¾udKh lf<ñ. 1977 isg

;%ia;jd° ÿï j,dfjka ieÕù ;snQ ish¨ ud;Dld ksoyfia t<shg taug

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

12

ux mEÿfõh. ta ud;Dldj,g wod< uQ,sl mokï" ;SrK yd l%shd mámdá

.;a uu Tn iuÕ tlaù W;=rg m<d;a iNdjla msysgqùñ. m<d;a md,k

ue;sjrK meje;aùñ. fldá Nghka mqkre;a;dmkh fldg iudc.;

fldg wj;eka jQjka h<s m†xÑ lf<ñ. ;=kaish yegmia ojfiau ;snQ

y†is kS;sh bj;a lf<ñ. W.;a mdvï fldñiu msysgqjd tys ks¾foAY

l%shd;aul lf<ñ. wdKavql%u jHjia:d m%;sixialrKh i|yd

md¾,sfïka;= f;a¯ï ldrl iNdjla msysgqjd ish¨ mCIj,g wdrdOkd

lf<ñ. ud n,hg m;a jk úg ,laI 7 fkdblaujQ rdcH fiajh ,laI

14 olajd mq¿,a lf<ñ. ksoyia yd idOdrK ue;sjrK meje;ajQfhñ.

mqoa.,sl ye÷kqïm; ke;sj weu;sjrfhl=gj;a Pkaoh oeñh

fkdyelsjk ;rug kS;sh n,j;a lf<ñ. orejka meyerf.k f.dia

<ud fid,aodÿjka l< hq.h uu ksud lf<ñ¡ /iaùfï, NdIKfha

ksoyig jegne| ;snQ y†is kS;sh ksud lf<ñ¡ m%N+ wdrCIdjg jid ;snQ

ud¾. újD; lf<ñ¡ mdf¾ ;snQ yuqod fmd,sia ndOl bj;a lf<ñ¡

wdrCIdjg ;¾ckhla fkdjk whq ka wê wdrCIs; l,dm bj;a lf<ñ¡

tjeks oE ms˙ °¾> ,ehsia;=jla we;s nj Tn kshu f,i okakd ksid

ta .ek ;j;a fkd,shñ.

fujeks miqìul f;jeks jrg;a Tfí ckdêm;s f,i lghq;=

ls¯u i|yd jk ckjru ud b,a,d isákafka ixj¾Okfha iy

m%cd;ka;%Sh hymd,khfha m˙mQ¾K;ajh wdorKSh ud;D N+ñhg

,nd°fï f;jeks fufyhqu †h;a ls¯fï Wodr wruqfKks.

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

13

1 cd;sl wdrCIdj ms<sn| f.da,Sh wdo¾Yhla

we;euqka fmkajd°ug W;aidy lrkqfha ;%ia;%jdoh w;S;hg isudjQjla

ñi" j¾;udkhg ta yd neÿKq wkd.; ;¾ckhla fkdue;s njh'

tfy;a i;Hh th fkdfõ' fldá ixúOdkh hqfrdamh yd ngysr rgj,

l=˙re fnÿïjdoh ysi ordf.k ;ju;a ;u f.dÿre fidhd fkdksod

ie˙irk nj uu oksñ¡ Tjqka fkdlrkafka t<smsg wúord igka

fkdls¯u muKs'

cd;sl wdrCIdj flfrys Wmßu wjodkh wm ;nd .; hq;=j we;af;a"

mqmqrkq ,nk tla fndaïnhlska cd;sfha b†ß .uk h<s wdmiaig

yerúh yels neúks' tneúka" ud;DN+ñfha cd;sl wdrCIdj ikd: lsÍu

hkq" wd¾Ól yd iudc ixj¾Okfha wksjd¾h mQ¾j fldkafoaishla nj

ud ;rfha úYajdi lrkafka tfyhsks' cd;sl wdrCIdj flfrys

fuf;la wLKavj wfma rch ;nd we;s by< wjodkh ;jÿrg;a

Yla;su;a fldg mj;ajd f.k hEu uu iy;sl lrñ'

isxy,, fou<, uqia,sï, uef,a, n¾.¾ wd° ieug ksoyfia „j;aùug

yels rgla uu f.dvkÕd ÿkafkñ¡ Tn wo ìfhka ñÿKq yoj;ska"

i;=áka is; mqrjdf.k „j;ajk kuq;a fkdksok uu lsisÿ › ,dxlSh

mqrjeisfhl=g ckjd¾.sl;ajh, wd.u, NdIdj fyda wka lsisÿ fNaohla

u; fjkia lr fkdie,lSu iy;sl lrk w;r iudcfha fmdÿ hym;

iy rfÜ cd;sl wdrlaIdj iy;sl ls¯u Wfoid talSh rdcH m%;sm;a;sh

wLKavj b†˙hg f.khkafkñ¡ Bg ydkslr lsis≥ b,a,Sulg fyda

n,mEulg bv fkdfoñ'

� uu lsisÿ › ,dxlSh mqrjeisfhl=g ckjd¾.sl;ajh, wd.u,

NdIdj fyda wka lsisÿ fNaohla u; fjkia lr fkdi,lk

nj iy;sl lrñ'

f,dj †kk u.

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14

� talSh rdcHh wdrCId lr.ekSu i|yd wm ieu f.jd we;s

ñ< b;d wêlh. tneúka iudcfha fmdÿ hym; iy rfÜ

cd;sl wdrlaIdj iy;sl ls u Wfoid talSh rdcH m%;sm;a;sh

wLKavj b†˙hg f.khkafkñ¡ kej; jrla fnÿïjdohg

fyda rg wia:djr ls¯ug lsisfjl=g;a bv fkd;nñ'

� udkqISh fufyhqug iïnka rKúrejka we;=Ω lsisÿ ›

,dxlsl mqrjeisfhla ljr cd;Hka;r wêlrKhlg fyda

m¯CIKhlg b†˙m;a fkdlrñ¡ †ú ysñfhka Tjqka iqrlsñ'

� udkqISh fufyhqfï° › ,xldfõ fjfik lsisÿ

mqrjeisfhl=f.a udkj whs;sjdislula lvù we;akï rfÜ

mj;sk kS;suh rduqj ;=< foaYSh l%ufõohla hgf;a úksúo

núka hq;=j hqla;sh idOdrKh bgq ls¯u i|yd wjYH

hdka;%Khla we;s lrñ¡

� kQ;k wêrdcHjdofha hlv im;a;=jg mE.S ta wkqj yqiau

.ksñka fyda ñh hñka isák ifydaor rdcHhkag wdo¾Yhla

f,i fhdod .; yels foaYmd,k wdo¾Yhla iys; rgla uu

ilia lrñ¡

;srir úfoaY m%;sm;a;sh

� f,dalh n, l|jqre follg fn° mj;soa°;a jï bjqr ì|

jeà f,dal foaYmd,kh wiu;=<s; fjoa°;a wm wdrCId lr

.;a wfma fkdne¢ úfoia ms<sj; ;sridr f,i b†˙hg f.k

hñ¡

� ;%ia;jdohg tfrysj wm keÕS isákd úg wm iuÕ w;aje,a

ne|.;a ishÆ rgj,a iuÕ fukau ;%ia;jdoh mrdch ls u

jrola fia i<ld wmg o~qjï ls ug n,d isák rgj,a iuÕ

o ñ;%YS,S m%;sm;a;hla wkq.ukh lrñ¡

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

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� bka†hdj" mlsia:dkh m%uqL idla l,dmfha rgj,a iuÕ

in|;d ;jÿrg;a Yla;su;a lr .ekSug l%shd lrñ¡

� bka†hdj" Ökh" reishdj iy cmdkh hk l,dmSh ñ;=rka

iuÕ we;s foaYmd,k" wd¾:ßl yd ;dCIKsl in|;d

Yla;su;a lrñ¡

� ueo fmr†. l,dmh ;=< fukau wm%sldkq iy ,;ska

weu˙ldkq rgj,a iuÕ we;s úfoia in|;d ;jÿrg;a

jHdma; lrñ¡

� ol=Kq wdishdfõ rgj,a w;r by<u kS;sfha wdêm;H iys;

iduldó rgla f,i f,dal we.hSug ,laj we;s uf.a rg

l,dmSh yd f,dal .egqïj,° idu ¥;fhl=f.a ld¾h i`oyd

fhduq lrjñ'

wdydr iqrCIs;;djg uq,a;ek

hï rgl wdydr iqrCIs;;djh tu rfÜ cd;sl wdrCIdj ;rïu

jeo.;ah' ta wka lsisjla ksid fkdj hï rglg wjYH wdydr

f;d.h ksis m˙† /ia fldg .=Kd;aulj yd m%udKd;aulj

mj;ajdf.k hdug wfmdfydi;aùu fyda ys;d u;d Bg ndOd

ls¯fuka tu rfÜ foaYmd,k ia:djrNdjhg iy cd;sl

wdrlaIdjg n,mEï ls¯ug wka rgj,g yels jk neúks' tneúka

› ,dxlSh ck;djg h<s;a oKska jefgkakg uu lsis bvla

fkd;nñ'

� rfÜ wjYH;djg .e<fmk whq˙ka m%udKj;a wdydr

ksIamdokhg" wf<úhg iy f;d. /iafldg mj;ajdf.k

hdug wjYH kS;suh rduqjla ilia lrkq msKsi wdydr

iqrCIs;;d mk;la md¾,sfïka;=jg b†˙m;a lrñ'

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

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� rfÜ iy,a ksIamdokh by< uÜgulska mj;ajdf.k hk

w;r tod mgka wfma foaYSh wdydr jk úúO j¾.fha OdkH

iy fldia" fo,a" w," n;, hkd° iïm%odhsl j.dj

m%j¾Okh lrjñ'

� m%;sixialrKh lrk iEu jejla wdY%s;ju c,fmdaIs;

m%foaYj, fldia" fo,a jeks foaYSh wdydr Ydl j.d ls¯fï

jevigykla l%shd;aul lrñ'

� rch úiska ñ,§ .kakd ù m%udKh cd;sl wiajekafkka 10]

olajd jeälr tu ù f;d. l=vd iy uOHu m˙udK fuda,a

i|yd ksl=;a lsÍug lghq;= lrñ'

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

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2 mq¿,a foaYmd,k m%;sixialrKhla - wÆ;a foaYmd,k ixialD;shla

1978 ° ksis ixjdohlska f;drj wm u; megjQ jHjia:dfjka jir ;sia

yhla mqrd wms neg lEfjuq' tfukau tlsfklg fkd.e<fmk

ixfYdaOk me,eia;r u.ska mj;sk jHjia:dj úlD;s yevhla f.k

we;ehs uu o ms<s.kakñ' tneúka ;j ;j;a me,eia;r tl;= ls¯ufjkqjg ck;d me;=ï ms<sìUq flfrk kj jHjia:djla jirla

we;=<; iïu; ls¯ug wjYH lghq;= lrñ'

� ck;d wfmalaIdjka y∫kdf.k kj jHjia:dj ks¾udKh

ls¯u i`oyd ishÆu foaYmd,k mlaIj,g wh;a uyck

ksfhda‚;hskaf.ka iukaú; iuia; md¾,sfïka;=ju

jHjia:d iïmdol uKav,hla njg m;a jkq we;'

� wÆ;a jHjia:djg mqrjeis woyia yd fhdackd ,nd .ekSu

i|yd md¾,sfïka;=j ksfhdackh fkdlrk foaYmd,k mlaI"

fhdjqka md¾,sfïka;=fõ ksfhda‚;hska" wdKavql%u úYdrohska"

úoaj;=ka yd jD;a;Shfõ°kaf.ka iukaú; mqrjeis WmfoaYl

iNdjla m;a lrñ'

� jHjia:d flgqïm; mj;sk jHjia:dfõ úêúOdkj,g wkqj

iïu; lr .ekSu i|yd md¾,sfïka;=jg b†˙m;a lrñ'

fojkqj fuu flgqïm; Tfí wkque;sh i`oyd cku;

úpdrKhlg b†˙m;a lrñ'

� mj;sk úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh" ue;sjrK l%uh" kS;sfha

wdêm;H" iy hymd,kh jeks fCIa;% ish,a,u kj

jHjia:dfjka wdjrKh lrñ'

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

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� úOdhl ckdêm;s OQrfha fyd`o krl ms<sno isÿjk újdohg

uu idjodkj ijka ÿkafkñ' ta wkqj md¾,sfïka;= l%ufha

mj;sk ÿ¾j,;d neyer lrñkao hym;a ,laIK Wlyd

.ksñkao úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh jHjia:d iïmdol

uKav,fha ;SrKh wkqj iqÿiq mß† ixfYdaOkh lrñ'

� mj;sk ukdm l%ufha we;s whym;a ,CIKh bj;a fldg

ia:djr wdKavqjla" iúu;a úmCIhla" iq¿ ck lKavdhï

we;=¿ iudcfha úúO;ajh ue;s inh ksfhdackh ùu hk

wruqKq <`.d lr .ekSu ioyd iudkqmd;sl ksfhdackh yd

fldÜGdY l%uh uqiq l< kj ue;sjrK l%uhla yÿkajd foñ'

� uyck ksfhda‚;hska ck;dj iu`. wLKav ixjdohl ksr;

úh hq;= nj uu úYajdi lrñ' tfukau kS;s iïmdok

l%shdj,shg ck;d woyia iDcqj ,nd .ekSfuka

m%cd;ka;%jdoh jv jvd;a hym;a jkq we;' ta ioyd uyd

ix>r;akh yd wksl=;a wd.ñl mQcljreka" jD;a;ShfõoSka"

úoaj;=ka" fhdjqka md¾,sfïka;= ksfhda‚;hska" jD;a;Sh iñ;s

ksfhda‚;hska iy m%cd uQ, ixúOdkhkays cd;sl kdhlhskao

iukaú; mqrjeishkaf.a iNdjla m;a lsÍug fhdackd lrñ'

� uyck ksfhda‚; wdh;kj, ldka;d ksfhdackh by<

kexùu ioyd wjYH jHjia:dms; úêúOdk kj jHjia:djg

tla lsÍug fhdackd lrñ'

� ixj¾Ok l%shdj,sh m%idrKh ùu;a iu`. hy md,kh

ms<snoj kj udkhlska i,ld ne,Sug wmg isÿ ù we;'

tuksid hymd,kh <`.d lr .ekSfï wruqKska msysgqjd we;s

wdh;k j, mj;sk ÿn,;d wOHkh lr tu wdh;k

m%;sixialrKh lsÍug ld,h t<U we;ehs uu is;ñ'

tneúka ;dlaIKh" l<ukdlrKh iy uQ,H ú.Kk

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

19

yelshdfjka hq;a cd;sl ú.Kk fldñiula ia:dms; lrñ'

iajdëkj ish úu¾Yk isÿl< yels whqßka wjYH uQ,H iy

udkj iïm;a fukau n,;,o tu fldñiug ,nd

fokafkñ'

� foaYmd,{hskaf.a meje;au ms<sno iudcfha l:sldjla u;=ù

we;s neúka iEu uyck ksfhda‚;fhl=u ish ;k;=f¾

rdcldÍ weröug fmr hy meje;au iq/lSu ms<sno m%;s{djla

,nd °ug úêúOdk i,iajñ' tlS m%;s{dj OQr ld,h ;=<

wdrlaId lrkafkao keoao hkak ms<sno iqmßlaIdjg ,la

lsÍfï n,h ú.Kk fldñiug ,nd fokafkñ'

� leìkÜ uKav,fha iduQysl j.lSu iy ryiHNdjh

wdrlaId lsÍu jHjia:duh j.lSula njg m;a lrñ'

� cd;sl jákdlula iys; fhdackd ms<sno woyia oelaùug

;reK mrmqrg we;s whs;sh iy;sl lsÍu ioyd tjeks

fhdackd md¾,sfïka;=jg bosßm;a lsÍug fmr fhdjqka

md¾,sfïka;=jg b†˙m;a lr Tjqkaf.a u;h úuiñ'

� wkd.; foaYmd,kh ms<sno m%d¾:kd o,ajd .;a fhdjqka

md¾,sfïka;= iud‚lhskago m¾,sfïka;=fõ WmfoaYl ldrl

iNd j,g ksfhda‚;hska m;a lsÍug jHjia:duh wjldYhla

,nd foñ'

bkaÿ-Y%S ,xld od¾Yksl Wreuh iys; hymd,k jevms<sfj,la

hy md,kh hkq kj ,snr,a hg;a ú‚;jdofha jHdc YslaId mohla

fkdfõ' tys ienE uQ,O¾u mokï ù we;af;a .yfld< i;d iSmd

muKla fkdj br y|" wõj jeiai" iq<Õ" c,h" uyfmd<j hkd°ish,a, yd ne∫Kq bkaÿ ,xld odr®Yksl Wreuh u; hehs uu úYajdi

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

20

lrñ' tneúka hymd,k uQ,O¾u ud Wmqgd .kafka kj ,snr,ajdofha

wkqYdil ixúOdk fyda wkqldrl ixúOdkj,ska fkdj l,ajeis jisk"

fl;a j;= idr ù iudch iuDoaêu;a jk" fidndoyu iy YS,dpdr

ñksia iudch tlsfklg ne| ;nk fya;=M,jd° ft;sydisl Wreuhka

iys; bkaÿ Y%S ,xld oeyeñ rdcH md,khka ;=<sks' jir 5"000 la muK

merKs tu Wreuh fkdkeiS úYaùh i;a;djla njg m;aj wo o wm

kshdukh lrkq we;ehs uf.a yeÛSuhs' mqoa., flakaøShj kS;sh muKla

u; fkdkej;S O¾ufha wdêm;H olajd by<g Tijd we;s tu

hymd,k uQ,O¾uj, ienE Wreulrefjda Y%S ,dxlsl wms fjuq' uu;a"

Tn;a ta Wreufha idvïnr whs;slrejkah' tlS Wreuh u; wfma ud;D

N+ñhg wjeis ienE hymd,k l%uhla ia:dmkh ls¯ug uu Tng

iy;sl jkafkñ'

idx.ñl m%cd;ka;%jdoh yd m%cd wdKavqlrKh

fï rfÜ Tn;a" uu;a ;ks yqfol,d ñksiqka fkdfõ' jir oyia

.Kkl b;sydih ;=< wfma uq;=ka ñ;a;ka „j;a jQfha iduQysljh'

idx.ñljh' /ljrKh" iqrlaIs;;djh" fmdaIKh" úfkdaoh yd

wOHd;añl meje;au tlsfkld u; tlsfkld ne| ;nk iqkaor jQ;a

nridr jQ;a ixialD;shla wm i;=j mej;s ksidh' mjq," m%cdj" .u"

m%foaYh" k.rh fï ish,a, tlu oïje,l mqrela fia wog;a hdù

we;af;a ta ksidh' .u ;=< k.rh;a" k.rh ;=< .u;a wm ÿgq isyskla

jqj o th wo wm w;aú¢k h:d¾:hla njg m;a ù ;sfí' tlsfkld

iafõÉPdfjka ne∫Kq l=vd" wkq l=vd m%cd ixúOdk" iud.ï uf.a rfÜ

m%cd „ú;h iudc foaYmd,k jYfhka il%Sh fldg we;' f,dalfha

wka ljr rglg;a jvd iduQysl ixúOdk.; ck;djla fï rfÜ „j;a

jk nj ud lshkafka Bg wjYH m˙irh ilid ÿka wfhl= f,i

ksy;udkSjh' rfÜ wd.ñl wdh;k;a isú,a iudc ixúOdk;a"

wfkl=;a ishÆ m%cd ixúOdk;a" rdcH ixúOdk;a taldnoaO jQ

jevigyka u.ska .fï;a" k.rfha;a idx.ñl m%cd;ka;%jdofha wkqyi

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

21

n,.ekaùu i|yd uu lghq;= lrñ' ta i|yd wd.ñl ixúOdk" m%cd

yd .%dóh uÜgfï m%cduQ, ixúOdk" m%cduQ, wdh;k" isú,a iudc

wdh;k" rdcH ixúOdk kdhlhska ks,Od¯ka yd l%shdld¯ka tlg

tl;= ù msysgqjd .; yels .%duks,Od¯ jiï uÜgfï .%du iNd l%uhla

i|yd wjYH jHjia:duh ffk;sl yd m˙md,k m˙irhla ieliSug

ud lghq;= lrñ' ta i|yd jk m¾fhaIK yd lshjQ jevigyka

oekgu;a wjidk fldg we;' ta oekqu yd wjfndaOh u; idx.ñl

whs;sh ;yjqre fldg" .%du iNd uÜgfï ixj¾Ok iudc yd

ixialD;sl ;Skaÿ ;SrK .ekSfï;a" l%shdjg ke.Sfï;a ck;d wjldY

we;s lrñ'

md¾,sfïka;=" m<d;a iNd iy m%dfoaYSh wdKavq u; mokï jQ ksfhda‚;

m%cd;ka;%Sh l%shdud¾. ;yjqre ls¯fuka fkdkej;S m%cd yd .%dóh

uÜgfï ;SrK .ekSu ioyd Rcq m%cd;dka;%Sh iy iyNd.s;aj

m%cd;dka;%Sh l%ufõo wkq.ukh ls¯u †˙.kajñ' tu.ska uf.a rfÜ

ifydaor ck;dj m%cd;dka;%Sh hymd,k l%shdj,sfha ftkaøSh

fldgialrejka fldg" furg foaYmd,k ixialD;sh id¾j uÜgfï°;a"

CIqø uÜgfï°;a by<g Tijd ;eîug úêúOdk i,iajñ' m%cd uQ, yd

idx.ñl cd,h taldnoaO fldg idx.ñl cd;sl ixiohla msysgqjd rfÜ

m%;sm;a;s iïmdokfha wkqYdil jHqyhla njg m;a lrñ'

NdIKfha ksoyihs' ksoyia udOHhhs'

NdIKfha ksoyi uQ,sl whs;sjdislula f,i úfYaI;ajfhka ms<s.kakd

m%cd;ka;%jd§ iudchl Ôj;ajk wms udOH wdh;kj, iajdëk

meje;au yeu úgu wdrlaId lruq' tfukau iudcfha ish¨u

idudðlhkaf.a NdIKfha whs;sh olajd udOHfha ksoyi uu yeu úgu

wdrlaId lf<ñ' tfyhska ckudOH lafIa;%fha ksoyia yd iajdëk

meje;au ;jÿrg;a wdrlaId lsÍug lem fjñ' udOHfha uQ,sl

ld¾hNdrh yqÿ ikaksfõok iïnkaO;djkaf.ka Tíng hñka th

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

22

cd;sl ixj¾Ok iydhlfhl= njg m;aùu nj uu úYajdi lrñ' wo

wm „j;ajk fuu äðg,a hq.h ;=< uqøs; udOH" .=jkaúÿ,s udOH"

úoHq;a udOH yd fjí udOH l%shdldÍ;ajh rfÜ ixj¾Okhg;a"

m%cd;ka;%jdofha meje;aug;a" w;HjYH idOlhla nj Tn fyd¢ka

okakjd we;'

� idïm%odhslj meje; tk uqøs;" .=jka úÿ,s yd rEmjdyskS

lafIa;% w;r ;dlaIKsl mqyqKqùï i|yd úfYaI

jevms<sfj,la y∫kajd fokafkñ'

� ckudOHfõÈhd jD;ShfõÈfhl= njg m;alsÍu ioyd wjYH


� ishÆ wdldrfhau udOHfõ°ka oekqfuka yd jD;a;Sh

mqyqKqfjka iún, .ekaùu i|yd ckudOH úYajúoHd, úoHd

wdh;khla msysgqjñ'

� ckudOHfõ§ka i`oyd fld<U k.rh wdikakfha fjku

ksjdi ixlS¾Khla b†lr fokafkñ.

� ckudOH hkq yqÿ fj<|fmd< l%shdj,shla fkdj cd;sl

wNs,dY flakaøShj l%shd;aul úh hq;= cd;sl j.lSula iys;

fCIa;%hla neúka ta i|yd jQ ckudOH ixialD;shla f.dv

ke.Sug lghq;= lrñ'

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

23

3 iodpdr iïmkak iudchla

rgla fN!;sl ixj¾Okh ;=<ska ,nd .kakd ch.%yK †.=ld,Skj

wdrlaId lr.; yelafla tu l%shdj,sh iodpdr iïmkak iudchla

f.dvke.Sfï l%shdj,sh iuÛ ksis f,i uqiq lr.;fyd;a muKla nj

uu ;rfha úYajdi lrñ' wm f,dalfha merKsu YsIaGdpdr lsysmhlska

tllg wh;ajk cd;shls' ta ms<sn|j jk wdvïnrh wm rfÜ isxy,"

fou<" uqia,sï uyd cd;shgu wh;a fjhs' tu ksid wm cd;shla f,i

,ndf.k we;s uyd ch.%yK wm úiska ;yjqre lr.; hq;af;a wmf.a

tu wiuiu YsIaGdpdrfha Wreuh u; fomd ;ndf.kh' cd;sfha

wLKav †hqKqj yd j¾Okh muKla fkdj cd;sl iu.sh iy

tald.%;djho r|d mj;skafka wmf.a tu YsIaGdpdr.; Wreuhkag

mK°ug wm fldf;la iu;ajkjd o hkak u; nj uu oksñ' tu

Wreuhkag mK°u hkq wka lsisjla fkdj ft;sydislj wm i;= jQ

iodpdr iïmkak iudch kej; f.dvke.Suhs'

wd.ñl ixj¾Okh

� iïnqoaO Ydikh m%Odk lr wfkl=;a ishÆ wd.ñl

ixia:djka fmdaIKh ls¯u i|yd mQ¾K rdcH wkq.%yh ,nd

fokafkñ'

� ishÆu wd.ñl ixia:djkaf.a fft;sydisl iïm%odhka iy

l;sldjka wkqj tajdfha †hqKqj ;yjqre ls¯u iyd wjYH

kS;suh rduq wd.ñl kdhlhskaf.a Wmfoia m˙† ilia lrñ'

� iïnqoaO idikfha †hqKqj i|yd idlÉPdjg nÿka ù we;s

kj úydr.ï foajd, mk; we;=¿ ishÆ wk mk;a läkñka

idlÉPdjg ,la fldg iïu; ls¯ug lghq;= lrñ'

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

24

� Y%S ,xldfõ wjqreÿ 2300 la ;rï †fjk fn!oaO ixialD;sfha

m%Odk;u me;sudkhla jQ fn!oaO fmd; m; iy f,aLK

Ydiksl Wkak;sh iy nqÿouyu .ek Wkkaÿjk

úfoaYslhkag fukau fjk;a wd.ñlhkag o m˙yrKh

msKsi wkd.;hg odhdo lr °u i|yd kQ;k ;;a;ajhkag

.e<fmk f,i iqrCId ls¯u i|yd cd;sl fn!oaO

mqia;ld,hla wkqrOmqrfha ia:dmkh lrñ'

� mdi,a wY%s;j orejkaf.a iodpdr j¾Okh uq,alr.;a cd;sl

jHdmdrhla wdrïN lrñ' tu jHdmdrh m%udKd;aul

jYfhka fukau .=Kd;aulj Wiia uÜgñka Bg iEu

mdi,lu orejka woyk wd.u uq,alr .ksñka ìysúh hq;=

nj uu ;rfha úYajdi lrñ' uu tu jHdmdrhg b;d i;=áka

kdhl;ajh °ug leue;af;ñ'

<ud iy ldka;d ysxikhg ;s;

� orejka wmfhdackfhka yd ysxikfhka uqod .ekSu i|yd

wjYH oeä kS;s moaO;shla oKav kS;s ix.%hg tla lrñ'

� iEu wdldrfhau ldka;d ysxikhk je,elaùu i|yd ysxik

úfrdaë iy úka†; /ljrK kj mk;la b†˙m;a lrñ.

� orejkag fyda ldka;djkag tfrysj isÿjk ys˙yer ms<sn|j

oekajQ iekska l%shd;aulùu i|yd fjku “cx.u fmd,sia

n,weKshla” ia:dmkh lrñ'

� iEu .ulu “<ud iy ldka;d /ljrK lñgqjla” msysgqjñ.

� wkjYH orejka Wmf;a°u urd oeóu je<elaùu i|yd tjeks

orejka ujf.a wkkH;dj fy<s fkdjk m˙† m<d;a <ud yd

m˙jdi uOHia:dkj,g Ndr°ug yels kj l%ufõohla

y∫kajd fokafkñ'

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

25

� ksjfia° fyda mdif,a° orejka myrlEug" mSvdjg yd

wmfhdackhg ,laùu je<elaùu iyd fouõmshka .=rejreka

yd isiq isiqúhkaf.ka ie≥ï,;a “<ud iqrel=ï mjqr

jevigyk” y÷kajd fokafkñ¡

� ish¨ rcfha wdh;kj,;a" m%dfoaYsh f,alï ld¾hd,j,g;a

ufkda iud„h WmfoaYljreka m;als¯ug fhdackd lrñ'

� orejkag wys;lr T!IO j¾. w,úlrK T!IO wf,úi,a

ysñhkag yd tajdfha fiajh lrkakkag yd iudc úfrdaë

l%shdjkag" orejka fmd<Ujkakkag tfrysj oeä ovqjï

meñKùu i|yd wjYHh kS;suh m%;smdok Yla;su;a lrñ'

md;d,hg iy u;a l=vq Wjÿrg i|ygu kej;=u

md;d, kdhlhskag iduodk úksYapldrlïj,g iy lD;Hdêld¯uKav,j,g m;a l< ld,hg ;s; ;nd uu ta md;d,h iy l=vq

wêrdcHh oeä u¾Okhlg ,la lf<ñ' md;d, l=vqldrhka,

lmamïldrhka we;=Ω iEu wmrdO l,a,shlau iïmQ¾Kfhkau u¾okh

lr Y%S ,xldfõ wmrdO ixialD;sh keue;s fmdf;a wjika msgqj

,shkafkñ'

� u;aøjH cdjdrï iy uyd mßudK wmrdO je<elaùu i|yd

hqoyuqod iyh iys; úfYaI wdrCIl n, weKshla msysgqjk

w;r tu jerÈ úNd. lr läkñka jerÈlrejkag o`vqjï

,nd§u i|yd úfYaI wmrdO wêlrKhla msysgqjñ¡

� wfma f.dvìfuys fukau uy uqyqfoys;a u;aøjH cdjdrug

iïnkaO lsisÿ l%shdjlg bv fkd,efnk m˙† u;aøjH

kdYl kdjql n,ldhla f.dv k.ñ'

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

26

� u;aøjH furgg f.kaùu;a furg yryd fnodye¯uje<elaùug;a fmd,Sish fmd,sia u;aøjH kdYl wxYh" f¾.=

fomd¾;fïka;=j iy wod< wfkl=;a wxYj, ks,Od¯kag

wjYH myiqlï yd iïm;a fkdwvqj ,nd fokafkñ'

i;d iSmdjdg o fifkyfia /ljrK

wms †fhys jegqKq l=yqUqjd mjd weÕs,af,ka bj;a lrk fifkfyjka;

cd;shla fjuq. fifkyi wfma cd;sl;ajfha ixfla;hhs. ksoyfia

ie˙irk iqkLfhl=g mjd ys˙yer fkdlrk wfma i;aj lreKdj

Wiia nj uu oksñ. tneúka ñksiqkag muKla fkdj i;d iSmdjdg

mjd olajk fifkyfia /ljrKh ;jÿrg;a mq¿,a lrk i;aj

lreKd jevigykla l%shd;aul lrñ'

� uyu`. oud hk megjqka we;=Ω iqkLhka iqrCIs;j /ln,d

.kakd uOHia:dk wdrïN ls¯ug i;aj lreKd

ixúOdkj,g wdrdOkd lrñ. ta i|yd wjYH ia:dk iy

wdOdr rcfhka ,nd fokafkñ'

� wLKavj i;=kag wdorh lreKdj olajk mqoa.,hka

we.hSfï jevigykla l%shd;aul lrñ'

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

27

4 rgg jevlrk cd;sysff;Is rdcH fiajhla

†klg remsh,a oyhl jegqma jeä ls ula b,a,d j¾ckh l< jevlrk

mx;sh meh úisy;frka f.or hejQ iy rcfha fiajh lmamdÿlr úY%du

jegqm wysñ ls¯ug fjr oerE w;S;h Tfí u;lfha we;ehs uu is;ñ'

Wmdh ud¾.sl rdcH jHjidhka úkdY lf<a o jeo.;a rdcH ixia:d

l=Kq fld,a,hg úl=Kd oeuqfõ o Tjqkah' ta ish,a, ls¯u i|yd Tjqka

n,h ,nd .;af;a jpkj,g muKla iSud jQ uyd m˙udK jegqma jeä

ls¯fï fmdfrdkaÿ ,nd °fuka nj Tng fyd¢ka u;l we;s nj uu

oksñ' fm!oa.,SlrKh ls¯u i|yd ck;dlrKh jeks jpk Ndú;d

l< Tjqka ;ufilalrKh .ek l:d lrñka h<s W;aidy lrkafka

rdcH fiajh uq¿ukskau †h lr ye¯fï ;u ieÛjqKq kHdh m;%h

l%shd;aul ls¯ug nj Tng wuq;=fjka lsjhq;= ke;s nj uu oksñ'

tneúka rdcH whs;sh ;yjqre lrñka rdcH fiajh ;j ÿrg;a n,

.kajd jd¾Isl jegqma j¾Ol ,nd foñka wm f.kshk jevms<sfj<

lsisfia;a fjkia fkdlrk nj uu Tng iy;sl jkafkñ' úY%du

jegqma whs;sh" w¾:idol wruqo,a whs;sh jeks rdcH fiajlhdg ysñ

ishÆ jrm%ido ;j ;j;a Yla;su;a lr rdcH fiajlhd f.!rjkSh

mqrjeisfhl= lrkakg uu wemlemù isák nj m%ldY lrñ'

� wkjYH ue†y;aùï yd iSudls¯ïj,ska f;drj iajdëkj ;u

fiajh bgq ls¯ug yels jk m˙† kj fiajd wdpdr O¾u

moaO;shla rdcH fiajhg y÷kajd fokafkñ.

� ksis jegqma;,hka yd udKav,sl ;k;=re i|yd m%fõY úh

yels l%ufõohla iys; fiajd jHjia:djla WmdêOd¯ka iy

ixj¾Ok ks,Od¯ka i|yd ilia lrñ'

� l<ukdlrK iyldr yd iudka;r fYa%Ksj, fiajh lrk

WmdêOd¯ka fkdjk ks,Od¯ka i|yd › ,xld ixj¾Ok

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

28

m˙md,k wdh;kh iuÕ taldnoaOj Wmdê ,nd.ekSfï

l%ufõohla ilia lrñ'

� ;dCIKsl yd úoHd;aul fiajdjkays j¾Okh i|yd tlS

fiajdjkaj,g nef|k ks,Od¯ka we.hSug ,la lrk

l%ufõohka l%shd;aul lrñ'

� rcfha fiajlhska i|yd ;ukaf.au ksjdil whs;sh iy;sl

lrk kj ksjdi fhdackd l%uhla y∫kajd fokafkñ'

� foam<l iaÒr whs;sh wfmalaId fkdlrk kd.rdY%s;hkays

/lshdlrk whf.a l=,S ksjdi b,a¨u jeäù we;s ksidu

ksjdij, l=<sh idudkH ckhdg ord.ekSug fkdyels ;rï

by< f.dia we;s nj uu oksñ' tneúka rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl

hk fohxYfhau wdfhdackh odhl;ajfhka Wmk.r wdY%S;j

l=,S uy,a ksjdi moaO;s l%uhla y∫kajd fokafkñ'

� ;u fiajlhkaf.a kjd;eka myiqjg Wmldr ls¯ug leu;s

fm!oa.,sl iud.ï iy jHdmd˙lhkag o fuu jevigyk

wdfhdack odhl;ajh iemhSfuka ;ukag wjYH ksjdi

m%udKh wdrïNfha°u fjkalrjd .ekSug bv i,iñ'

� ck;djg isÿjk mßmd,kfha w;miqùï ms<sn|j fidhd n,d

ld¾HlaIu fiajdjla ,nd °u ioyd ue†y;a ùug “m˙md,k

hqla;sm;sfhl=” m;a lrñ'

� kS;sfõoSkag iy fkd;dßiajrekag we;s Tmamq ,Sùfï whs;sh

iy;sl jk wdldrhg f,aLK ,shdmosxÑ lsÍfï mk;

ixfYdaOkh lrñ'

f,dj †kk u.

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29

wNsudkj;a yuqodjla iy f.!rjdkaú; fmd,Sishla

ùfrdaOdr ;%súO yuqodjla fukau wNS; fmd,Sishla iy isú,a wdrCIl

n,ldhla fkdjkakg Tng;a ug;a wo rgla fkdue;s nj uu lsisod

wu;l fkdlrñ. rdcHh;a" rgjeishd;a wdrlaId l< ;%súO yuqod"

fmd,sia yd isú,a wdrlaIl n,ldh tod fuka ieuod Yla;su;a fldg

iún, .kajñ'

� ld¾hCIu;dj iy wmrdO m¯CIK yelshdj w;ska wfma

fmd,Sish f,dalfha ljr fmd,Sishlgj;a fkdfofjks nj

miq.sh iufha lrk ,o wmrdO úu¾Yk u.ska ukdj

Tmamq lr we;' tneúka wmrdO úu¾Yk ;jÿrg;a úoHd;aul

yd myiqlrKh ls¯u i|yd kùk WmlrK, ;dCIKsl

myiqlï mqyqKq iy m%ùK udkj iïm;a ,nd fokafkñ'

� fjk;a rgj, fuka hqoaOh fyda m%n, yuqod fufyhqï ksud

ùfuka miq isÿ lrkafka úYd, jYfhka yuqod Nghka bj;a

lsÍuh' ;k;=re j,ska my; fy,Suh' tfy;a miq.sh yj

jir mqrdu tn÷ lsisjla uu fkdlf,ñ' b†˙hg;a lsisÿ

yuqodjl ia:ßr fiajfhka hq;= fin¿ka" w;sf¾l n, yuqod"

iafõÉPd Nghka fyda isú,a wdrlaIl fiajd n,ldhka bj;a

fkdlrñ'

� lsisÿ yuqod ks,Odßfhla fyda finf,la Tjqka orK ;k;=re

j,ska bj;a fkdlrñ'

� wdndê;Ndjhg m;ajqkq ish¿ fin¿ka Tjqkaf.a cSú; ld,h

mqrd Tjqkg ysñ ish¿ jrm%ido ,nd foñka /l n,d

.kafkñ'

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

30

� úY%dñl yuqod fin¿kg /lshd wjia:d ,nd .ekSu ioyd

wjYH uÕ fmkaùï lrk w;r Tjqkg ysñ ffjoH myiqlï"

úfõl uOHia:dk wd° myiqlï ;j ÿrg;a j¾Okh lrñ'

� fmd,Sisfha iajdëk;ajh wdrCId lr .ksñka rdcld˙hbgqlsrSfï° Tjqkg wjYH kjd;eka" jdyk yd wfkl=;a

myiqlï fkdwvqj iemhSug lghq;= lrñ¡

� yuqodjkag" fmd,Sishg yd isú,a wdrCI n,ldh we;=¿

ishÆu rcfha fiajhhkag wjxlj yd ;Dma;su;aj lr

f.khdu myiq ls¯u i|yd Tjqkaf.a fm!oa.,sl .eg¨ mjd

;ks ;ks jYfhka y÷kdf.k Wmldr ls¯fï kj WmfoaYk

l%ufõohla y÷kajd fokafkñ.

w¾O rdcH wdh;k" nexl= iy fm!oa.,sl wxYh

rfÜ wd¾:ßl ixj¾Okh Wfoid fuu wxYfhka ,nd fok odhl;ajh

uu lsisúgl ,>q fldg fkdi,lñ.

� fiajl w¾:idOl wruqo, iqrCIs; lrk w;r ta i|yd

Tjqkaf.a whs;sh ljr lreKla ksid fyda wysñ fkdlrñ.

� fm!oa.,sl wxYh i|yd Yla;su;a fi!LH rCIK l%uhla

,nd °ug lghq;= lrñ'

� kej; l%shd;aul lrk ,o nexl= úY%du jegqma whs;sh

fuf;la tu whs;sh fkd,o nexl=j, fiajlhka i|yd fuu

jif¾ ckjd˙ udifha isg j,x.= jk m˙† ,nd fokafkñ'

� w¾:idOl wruqo,aj, whs;shg wu;rj fm!oa.,sl wxYhg

o tu wdo¾Yh wkqj hñka leue;af;ka we;=<;a úh yels

wdl¾I”h úY%du jegqma l%uhla uu fhdackd lrñ'

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

31

úfoaY fiajd kshqla;slhka

� °¾> ld,hla úfoaY rgj, fiajh lr ,xldfõ ia:Ír m†xÑh

i|yd meñfKkka i|yd nÿ iyk jdyk n,m;%hla ,nd

fokafkñ'

� úfoaYhkays fiajfha fh° isáh° iodld,sl wdndê;j

,xldjg meñKs whg úfoaYfiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh u.ska

udisl iyk uqo,la f.ùug i,iajñ'

� rgúre jevigyk yryd úfoaY.;jk ieuf.a ksjdi

isyskh ienE lr °u i|yd Tjqkg ksji b†lr °fï ld¾hh

bgq lroSfï jevigyk Yla;su;a lrñ'

� úfoaY .;j fiajh lrkakkag foaYSh ue;sjrKj,° Pkaoh

°fï whs;sh ,nd fokafkñ'

� úfoaY /lshd ldr®hdxYfha ,shdm†xÑ ù jir yhlg jvd

jeäld,hla úfoaY rgj, fiajh lr meñfKkakkag úY%du

jegqma l%uhla fï jif¾° y∫kajd fokafkñ'

� úfoaY /lshdj, fh° isák .Dy fiaúldjkaf.a mjq,aj,

iqnidOkh i|yd m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdY uÜgñka

úêu;a WmfoaYk fiajdjla wdrïN lrñ'

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

32

5 fmdfydi;a rgla

n; nq,;ska irej ;snQ Y%S ,xld oaùmh ngysr wdl%uKhg k;=jQodu

m˙ydKsfha oajdrh újr lr .;af;ah' 1948 wm ksoyi ,nk úg wm

i;=j mej;s iajhxfmdaIs; wd¾:ßlh" hymd,k rdcH l%uh" Wiia

iïm%odhdkql+, Ys,amSh oekqu iy fmdfydi;a iudc ixialD;sh

uq¿ukskau ì| jegqKs'

ksoyiska miq ìysjQ wdKavq o wmg újr lf<a merKs mdf¾u hk

mrdëk wd¾:ßl m%fõY ud¾.hls' wfma wdKavq ld,j,° mjd bka ñ°ug

wm.;a W;aiyhka iïmQ¾Kfhkau id¾:l lr .; fkdyels jQ nj

uu ksy;udkSj ms<s.ksñ'

1977 ° wdrïN jQ újD; wd¾:ßlh u.ska rfÜ fodr.=Æ f,dalhgu

újD; ùu;a iuÛ ál fofkla w;sYhska fmdfydi;a ù nyq;rh

ÿmam;=kaf.a f.dvg weo jeàfuka iudc wiudk;dj wyi fmd<j

;rï ÿria úh' 1987 ;reK ke.sàu" W;=f¾ ikakoaO ke.sàï wd°ish,a,u fulS wiudk;dj úiska wfma iudc wd¾:ßl foayhg

n,y;aldrfhka ldjoaokq ,enQ Nhdkl frda.S;ajhkaf.a i<l=Kqh'

2005 ° uf.a wNsfhda.h rgg iduh Wod ls¯u úh' 2010 ° rg

fhdaO ixj¾Ok m%fõY ud¾.hlg f.khduh' oeka wmg wjYH ù

we;af;a idufha isis,i N=la;s ú¢k ck;djg we;s ke;s mr;r f¾Ldj

uld oud ixj¾Okfha m%;s,dN f.k hdfuka ishÆ fokdu fmdfydi;a

lrk .uk wdrïN lrkakgh' fï lshk fmdfydi;alu fldfyka

flfia fyda fidhd .kakd i,a,sj,ska idlal= mqrjd .kakd

i,a,sldrlula fkdfõ' oeyeñj Wmhk uqo,ska w;ñg ire lr .kakd

ukqiailfuka yoj; mqrjd .kakd fmdfydi;aluls'

we;s wh ke;s wh foi wj{dfjka n,k" ke;s wh we;s wh .ek

oafõYfhka is;k iudc udjf;a oeka wd ÿr fyd|gu m%udKj;ah'

n;la fkdbfok ksjila hkq w;S; u;l fl!;=ld.drfha is;=ú,a,la

muKla jkq we;' ñkamiq wfma rfÜ mej;sh hq;af;aa fmdfydi;a

mqrjeishka w;r fjkialï úkd ÿmam;a iy fmdfydi;a

wiudk;djhla fkdúh hq;=h' ;uka .ek muKla fjfyfik

is;=ú,a, fjkqjg iud„h yeÛSfuka hq;a fmdÿ iudch .ek yeÛSfuka

hq;a fm%!v Y%S ,dxlsl;ajh fjkqfjka fjfyiS jevlr tys wd¾:ßl m,

fk<d .kakd kQ;k Y%S ,dxlslfhl= uu ks¾udKh lrñ'

2010 °" uu Tng fmdfrdkaÿ jQfha 2016 jk úg wfma rfÜ tal

mqoa., wdodhu we'fvd' 4"000 la njg m;a lsÍugh' ud ÿka tu

fmdfrdkaÿj" 2015 °u bIag lrkakg ug bv ,eîu .ek uu

ksy;udkSj wdvïnr jkafkñ' tf,i" 2020 jk úg wd¾:sl ixj¾Ok

fõ.h wLKavj 7] lg jvd jeä fõ.hlska mj;ajdf.k hñka" rfÜ

tal mqoa., wdodhu we'fvd' 7"500 la ke;akï remsh,a oY ,laIhlg

jvd by, uÜgulg m;a lrkakg uu lghq;= lrñ' tu.ska ñ,shk

20 ck;djla fmdfydi;=ka njg m;a lrñ'

m˙ir ys;ldó ;dlaIKsl lDIs m%fõYhla

uf.a mshd f.dúfhls' Tyqf.a mshd;a f.dúfhls' ud f;dard.;a fl;

Tjqka j.d l< l=Uqrg jvd uv f.dfyd˙ka ms¯ ;snqK o uu th

wiajeoaÿfjñ' wo Tn N=la;s ú¢kafka ud fkÆ tys wiajekakhs' tfy;a

l=Uqf¾, flf;a, kshf¾ uv iqj| uu fyd¢ka y÷kñ' nKaä f.dhu

ls˙j†kd fl;ahdh msi yukd iq<Õ ;rï ug lsis;a ñys˙ ke;'

tneúka f.dú;ek todfuka wo;a" fyg;a wfma wd¾:ßlfha „jkd,sh

nj uu úYajdi lrñ'

y˙; úma,jh u.ska y∫kajd ° we;s îc j¾." ridhksl fmdfydr

iy lDIs ridhkj,ska f;drj fkdjefjk ksid wfma ìïj, ukqIH

m˙fNdackhg kqiqÿiq úI ridhk rys; lDIsl¾ufha l%udKql+,j iy

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

33

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

34

idOkSh j¾Okhla ;=<ska m˙ir ys;ldó lDIsl¾udka;hla f.dvk.d

.ekSfï kj m%fõYhlg rg fhduq lrñ' j.djg ìu" ksis l,g j;=r"

me< f.dhug fmdfydr" wiajekak fkΩE úg ksis ñ,la we;s

fj<|fmd<la we;akï l=Uqf¾ isáh°;a iEu f.dúfhl=u rcl= jk nj

uu oksñ'

j.djg bvï

� ksis m˙† Ndú;hg fkd.kakd bvï wdydr ksIamdokh i|yd

fhdod .ekSu msKsi ck;djg ,nd°u i|yd bvï ms<sn|

md¾,sfïka;= ldrl iNdfõ ks¾foaY l%shdjg kxjñ'

� tjeks bvï y∫kd f.k ,shdm†xÑ ls¯u i|yd;a bvï

wfmaCId lrkakka ,shdm†xÑ ls¯u i|yd;a bvï nexl=jla

msysgqjñ' tlS bvï l=vd iy uOHu mßudK jHjidhkg nÿ

moku hgf;a ,nd fokafkñ'

.yfld<g i;d iSmdjdg †hjr

c,h wfma uõìfï mQckSh;ajhhs' uqKs is˙md myi ,o iuk<

lkafoka mek keÕ rfÜ isõfldK .,d hk uyje,s, l¿, le<Ks,

j,fõ hk .x.d tu mQckSh;ajfha i„ù ixfla;hkah' tneúka uyd

mrdl%undyq rc;=ud lS m˙† c, ì∫jla fyda wmf;a fkdheúh hq;= nj

uu o úYajdi lrñ' ñksiqkag muKla fkdj" .y fld<" i;d

iSmdjg o c,h flfrys we;s whs;sh ;yjqre lrñ'

hdmkhg .Õla - w,suxlvg jejla

tla hq.hl ol=fKa f.dúhd ñ˙ia, ÆKq j.d ls u i|yd bf.k .;af;a

hdmkfha f.dùkaf.ks' tu f.dùkaf.a c, wjYH;djh iems¯u uf.a

f,dj †kk u.

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35

j.lSula nj uu oksñ' 1920 .Kkaj,° lklrdhka wdreTh yryd

w,suxlv l,mqjg .,d .sh c,h r|jd .ksñka ñ˙†h ú,la ks¾udKh

ls¯ug W;aidy lr ;snQ wdldrh uu wOHhkh ls¯fuka tys YlH;dj

uu y÷kd .;af;ñ'

� wlalr 19"000 la muK jk w,suxlv l,mqj kef.kysr

†Ydfjka †. je,s jeáhlska jeiS we;s ksid pqkaäl=,ï

wi,ska l,mqjg we;=¿jk uqyqÿ j;=r j,lajd .ekSfuka

lr†h we;=<;a fkdjk w,suxlv jej f.dv ke.Sfï uyd

jHdmD;sh wdrïN lrñ' ta i|yd foaYSh oekqu Ndú; lr

mq¿,a wOHhkla ls¯u wfma jd˙ úfYaI{hskag mjrñ'

� jõkshdfõ isg jeis c, Odrdjkaf.ka o fmdaIs;j w,suxlv

jejg lsf,da óg¾ 90 la ÿr f.jd úYd, c, Od˙;djla iys;

lklrdhka wdreTh mq¿,a lr hdmkh .Õ ks¾udKh lrñ'

tuÛska c,ySk;djfhka mSvd ú¢k W;=re m<df;a ckhdf.a

j.djg wjeis c,h imhd fokafkñ'

rggu c,h

� fudr.ylkao - l¿ .Õ c,dY fhdackd l%u hgf;a

W;=reueo we< jHdmD;sh 2015 ° l%shd;aul ls¯fuka ta uyd

c, iïm; W;=re ueo m<d;g f.k hñ'

� my< u,aj;= Th yerùfï jHdmD;sh u.ska ukakdrï

†ia;%slalhg c,h imhñ'

� ,xldfõ m<uqjrg c, fmdïm ls¯fï jHdmD;shla u.ska

;%sl=Kdu,fhka kslrefka uqyqog we°hk c, l| kej;

fmdïmlr ld,sx.kqqjr" wÕueä,a," ñkafka˙h hk m%foaY

c,fhka fmdaIKh lrñ' thska W;=reueo c, wjYH;d

iïmQ¾K lrñ'

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

36

� 2014 jif¾ ck;djg mjrd ÿka oeÿreTh fhdackd l%uh

jvd;a mq¿,a ls¯fuka jhU m<d;a c, wjYH;dj iïmQ¾K

ls¯ug yelsjkq we;'

� WudTh jHdmD;sh yryd fudKrd., yd yïnkaf;dg hk

†ia;%slal foflau ck;djg kej;;a c, ysÕfhka mSvd

ú¢kakg we;s bvlv jid ouñ'

� .sx .Õ jHdmD;sh yryd ol=Kq m,df;a c, .egÆj ksud

lrñ'

� N+.; c,h ms<snj| fu;la wfma rfÜ úYajikSh

weia;fïka;=jla isÿlr fkdue;s neúka m<uq j;djg N+.;

c,h ms<sn| úêu;a is;shula ks¾udKh ls ug lghq;= lrñ'

c, iïm;g fyda m˙irhg ydks fkdjk m˙† by; lsisÿ

jHdmD;shlska c,h fkd,efnk m%foaYj,g N+.; c,h

iemhSug lghq;= lrñ'

� ish¨u m%Odk .x.d iy tajdfha fomi bjqre Y=oaO mú;%

ls¯fï jevigykla wdrïN lrñ'

� †jhsfka we;s ish¨ jeõ yd we,fõ,s ta ta .ïj, „j;ajk

whf.a Y%u odhl;ajfhka m%;sixialrKh fldg wdrCId

ls¯fï j.lSu ks,Od¯kag fkdj tajdfha w.h uekúka

okakd f.dú ixúOdkj,g mjrñ' tu jd˙moaO;s ksis m˙†kv;a;= lghq;= mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd “cd;sl jeõ

wruqo,la” msysgqjñ'

� †úke.=u u. fmkaùu hgf;a 30000 wêl .ï uÜgfï l=vd

jeõ iy wuqKq tlla kEr m%;sixialrKh ls¯fuka .fï

flf;a †hjrg we;s ndOd ksu lrñ'

f,dj †kk u.

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37

� tu.ska úh<s l,dmfha N+.; c, uÜgu by< kexùug iy

ñksidg muKla fkdj i;d iSmdjdg iy .yfld<j,g o

iqjfha „j;aúh yels m˙ir moaO;shla f.dv k.ñ'

j.djg îc iy fmdfydr

� f.dúhdf.a îc whs;sh සහ iqrCIs;;djh iy;sl jk m˙†îc ksmoùu iy fnodyeÍu ms<sn| rcfha j.lSu ;jÿrg;a

iy;sl flfrk kj kS;suh rduqjla iys;j cd;sl

jevms<sfj<la bÈßm;a lrñ'

� ienE › ,dxlSh rihla iys; fouqyqka îc rg ;=<u

wNsckkh ls¯ug yels jk m˙† lDIsîc m¾fhaIK

uOHia:dk kQ;k ;dCIKfhka m˙mQ¾K lrñ'

� lDIs ridhk Ndú;h wju lrñka iajNdúl f.dú;eka l%u

u.ska foaYSh îc m%fNao m%p,s; ls¯u i|yd uQ,sl;ajh

fokafkñ'

� lsf,da 50 fmdfydr ñáh remsh,a 350 ne.ska ;j ÿrg;a ,nd

fokafkñ' ta iuÛu ldnksl fmdfydr ksIAmdok †˙.ekaùu

iy Ndú;h by< kexùfï jevigykla †h;a lrñ'

f.dúhdg m%d.aOkh

� f.dúhd fj<|fmd< úh.ig ne| ;nk Kh.e;s lfuka

.<jd.ekSu uq,alrf.k f.dú Kh iydu fjkajQ f.dú ck

nexl= l%uhg h<s mK fokafkñ' f.dúck fiajd

fomd¾;fïka;=fõ iïm;a fhdod .ksñka b;d wvq ms˙jehla

hgf;a ld¾hlaIuj Kh °u ioyd nexl= hdka;%Kh ilia

lrñ'

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

38

j.dj iy fj<|fmd<

� wfma lDIsl¾uh oeka wê;dCIKsl hdka;%SlrK l%shdj,shg

m%fõY ù we;s neúka hka;%dKqidrfhka me< bkaoùu" j,a

me,Eá u¾Okh" wiajkq fk,Su iy ieliSu hk ksIamdok

l%shdj,sh i|yd wjYH hka;% iy WmlrK ksIamdokh lrk

iy jeä†hqKq lrk jHjidhlhskag mia wjqreÿ nÿ iykhla

,nd fokafkñ.

� iajNdúl f.dú;eka l%u hdka;%SlrK l%shdj,shka u.ska jeä

†hqKq lrñka lDIsl¾ufha fh°ug leu;s ;reK

jHjidhlhkag remsh,a 2,500,000 l wdfhdack Khla wju

fmd<S wkqmd;hla hgf;a ,nd fokafkñ.

� l=vd iy uOHu m%udKfha fuda,a ysñhka kÕd isgqùu i|yd

ksYaÑ; cd;sl jevms<sj,la y∫kajd fokafkñ'

� Wiia uÜgfï iy,a msá ksmoùu iy m˙fNdackh j¾Okh

ls¯ug tu l¾udka;h kùlrKh lsÍu i|yd iyk

fmd,shg Kh uqo,la ,nd fokafkñ'

� lDIs ridhk Ndú;h wju ls¯u i|yd ldnksl fmdfydr

Ndú;fhka ksIAmdokh lrk ù lsf,dajla i|yd by< ñ,la

mshjfrka mshjr kshu lrñ'

� ji úfika f;dr wdydr fõ,la ck;djg imhkakka

†˙.ekaùu i|yd lDIsld¾ñl wud;HdxYh hgf;a fjku u

wxYhla wdrïN lrñ.

� iy,a iy nvb˙Õ= ksIAmdokfhka iajhxfmdaIS ;;a;ajhg

meñKs m˙†u 2020 jkúg uqxweg" lõms" fidahd fndaxÑ"

l=rlalka" ñrsia iy W∫ jeks wfkl=;a wdydr fNda.j,ska

rg iajhxfmdaIs; lrñ'

f,dj †kk u.

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39

wjdf¾ m<;=re iy t<j¿

� › ,xldj lDIs md˙i˙l l,dm 46 lg fnod tla tla

l,dmfha tla tla m<;=re yd t<jΩ M,odj ,efnk

wdldrh y÷kdf.k wiajkq ,s; ilia lrñ'

� tu ,s; wkqj j.d ls¯ug f.dùkag uÕfmkaùfuka yd

;dCIKsl myiqlï iemhSfuka foaYSh iy úfoaY fj<|fmd<

b,lal lrñka t<j¿ iy m<;=re j.dj wjqreoao mqrdu

M,odj ,efnk wdldrhg j.d ls¯fï jevigykla wdrïN

lrñ'

� ta i|yd wjYH îc j¾. ksmojk fyda me, ;jdka

mj;ajdf.k hk f.dùkag ish¨ myiqlï iy iyk ,nd

fokafkñ'

� úúO úfrdaO;d fya;=fjka fuf;la l,a mud jQ Wvrg

t<j¿ f.dùkaf.a wiajkq iqrCIs;j l,a;nd .ekSug wjYH

YS;d.dr moaO;sh 2016 jk úg b†lrñ'

� t<j¿ m%jdykh i|yd wvq úhoï hdka;%Khla ilia ls¯umsKsi uOH m˙udK jHjidhlhka fm<Uùu i|yd

†˙.ekaùï iys; jevigykla l%shd;aul lrñ'

mY= iïm;a ixj¾Ok jevigyk

� mY= iïm;a ixj¾Ok uKav,fha ;dCIKsl u`.fmkaùu iy

iyfhda.h hgf;a §mjHdma; i;aj wNsckk f.dúm<

cd,hla msysgq jkafkñ' Bg wu;rj i;aj wNsckk

f.dúm<j,a msysgqùu i|yd ;reK f.dùka Èß.ekaùu i|yd

úfYaI iyk meflachla y∫kajd ° foaYShj ls˙.jhska

wNsckk lghq;= j¾Okh lrñ'

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

40

� mY= ffjoH Wmdêh i|yd úYajúoHd,j,g n|jd .kakd

YsIH ixLHdj by< kexùfuka fuu l¾udka;fha

ixj¾Okh i|yd wjYH jD;a;slhkaf.a ixLHdj mq¿,a lrñ'

ta yryd .jmÜáj, irenj yd ls fokqkag nyq,j je<fok

frda. wju ls¯ug mshjr .kafkñ'

� ls˙f.dúhka i|yd wOHdmk mqyqKq jevigyka iy

m¾fhaIKuh jHdmD;s lghq;= ms<sn| oekqj;a ls¯u ;=<ska

;reK jD;a;Sh ls˙ wdY%s; jHjidhlhka ìysls¯u iyd

cd;sl uÜgfï jevigykla wdrïN lrñ'

� .j wdydr ksIamdok i|yd wuqøjH f,i fhdod .kq ,nk

mqkaklal= iy ksjqvq ;s˙Õ= ;rÕld¯ ñ<la hgf;a foaYShj

ñ<g .ekSu †˙u;a ls ug wjYH iyk rch u.ska ,nd °ug

lghq;= lrñ'

� wo wm rgg wjYH l=l=¿ ksIamdok m%udKh foaYShj

iïmQ¾K ù we;s neúka wfma ksIAmdok i|yd bka†hdj,

ol=Kq wm%sldj iy ueofmr†. rgj, fyd| fj<|fmd<la

we;s neúka wod< jHdmd˙lhkag tu fj<|fmd< ch.ekSu

i|yd wjYH jgmsgdj ilia lr fokafkñ.

� W;=re yd kef.kysr ck;djf.a iïm%odhsl mY=

l¾udka;hla jk t¿jka we;s ls¯fï l¾udka;h †hqKq

ls¯u i|yd wjYH megjqka iEu mjq,lgu ,nd °u i|yd

wjYH jevigykla †úke.=u fomd¾;fïka;=j hgf;a

l%shd;aul lrñ'

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

41

jeú,s wd¾:ßlfha ;dlaIKsl udj;

f;a j.dj

w;S;fha mgkau › ,xldfõ lS¾;skduh f,dj mqrd nn,jkakg uq,a

jQ m%Odk idOlh wfma f;a j.djh. tneúka f;a j.dj †hqKq fldg

wkd.;fha;a cd;Hka;r fj<|fmdf<a › ,xld kduh uq,a ;efka

/|ùug wjYh mshjr .kafkñ.

� f;a j.djg úoHd;aul {dKh iy wê;dCIKsl l%u

y÷kajd°u i|yd uyd m˙udK f;a ksIAmdolhka †˙.ekaùug

rdcH ue†y;aùu ,nd fokafkñ.

� ksIamdok ms˙jeh wju ls¯u i|yd hkaf;%damlrK Ndú;h

l=vd f;a j;= ysñhka w;r m%p,s; ls¯ug rcfha wkq.%yh

,nd fokafkñ'

� jeä wiajkq ,nd.; yels .=Kd;aul núka hq;= noaO me<

,nd .ekSug yels jk fia ;jdka ixj¾Okh ls¯ug;a

tajdfha fCIa;% m¯laIK isÿls¯ug;a wjYH l%shd ud¾.

.kafkñ'

� l=vd f;aj;= ysñhkaf.a ixúOdkh Yla;su;a ls¯u i|yd

iñ;s n, m%foaYhla ;=< o¿ tal;= ls fï uOHia:dkhla we;s

ls¯ug wjYH myiqlï imhkafkñ'

rn¾ j.dj

� rn¾ ñ, my; jeàug ms<shula f,i fiia noao ixfYdaOkh

fldg iy;sl ñ, l%uh ia:djr lr wLKAvj mj;ajdf.k

hkafkñ.

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

42

� fudKrd.," wïmdr" jõkshdj" uq,;sõ iy yïnkaf;dg

jeks iïm%odhsl fkdjk m%foaYj, rn¾ j.dj jHdma; ls¯ui|yd tu m%foaYj, rcfha me< ;jdka ia:dms; fldg kj

fmdfydr ñY%Khla y∫kajd°ug lghq;= lrñ'

� rn¾ j.dj l=vd f.dùka w;r jHdma; ls¯u i|yd wjYH

iyk meflachla y÷kajd fokafkñ'

� m%dfoaYSh uÜgñka rn¾ iuQy ieliqï uOHia:dk wdrïN

lrk w;r ;dCIKsl Ndú;h mq¿,a lr w.h tl;= l, rn¾

NdKav ksIamdokh by< kexùug ,nd foñ'

fmd,a j.dj

� .ilska ,efnk f.ä m%udKh jeälr .ekSu i|yd Wiia

cdkuh me< j¾. ms<sn|j m¾fhaIKh ls¯u i|yd fmd,a

m¾fhaIK wdh;k n,.kajñ.

� fmd,a j.d fCIa;%hka ;=< M<odhS;d ixl,am ls%hd;aul

ls¯ug b†˙m;ajk jHdmd˙lhkg wjYH oekqu yd mqyqKqj

,nd°ug lghq;= i,iajñ.

� f;a" rn¾" fmd,a j.djkag wod< ish¨ wKmk;a kQ;k

wjYH;djhkag .e<fmk m˙† ixfYdaOkh ls¯ug mshjr

.kafkñ.

� kQ;k ;dCIKsl Ndú;djka weiqfrka rn¾ ls˙ lemSu, f;a

o¿ fk<Su iy fmd,a leãfï kj l%ufõohka y∫kajd

fokafkñ.

� N+f.da,Sh f;dr;=re u; mokïj f;a, rn¾ yd fmd,a bvï

is;shï .; ls¯ug lghq;= lrñ.

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

43

� úfoaY rgj, odhl;ajh we;sj f;a, fmd,a iy rn¾ wdY%s;

ish¨u m¾fhaIK wdh;k kQ;k ;dCIKfhka m˙mQ¾K

lrñ.

wmkhk fNda. j.dj

� › ,xldj f,dal fj<|fmd<g Wiiau j¾.fha l=re÷

imhkakd njg m;aù we;s neúka l=re÷ j.dj kexùfï

m%j¾Ok jevigykla wdrïN lrñ' ta hgf;a l=re÷ ;e,Sfï

Y%u W!K;dj uÕye¯u i|yd wê;dCIKsl kj WmlrK

fidhd hk foaYSh úoHd{hkag mQ¾K iyh ,nd fokafkñ.

� uykqjr yd ud;f,a †ia;s%lalj, .%dóh ck;djf.a m%Odk

wdodhï ud¾.hla jk id†lald j.dj ;jÿrg;a jHdma;

ls¯ug yd m<odj by< kexùug wjYH myiqlï

imhkafkñ'

� lrdnqkeá" fldfldajd iy mqjla j.dj kexùu i|yd;a

f.dúhkag úfYAI iyk Kh l%uhla y÷kajd fokafkñ.

� fmd,a iy rn¾ bvïj, úfoaYSh fj<|fmd< mokï

lrf.k lgqje,a, je,aw, iy ls˙w, jeks fNda. j.djka

jHdma; ls¯ug whjeh iykj,g wu;rj wdfhdack iyk

Khla ,nd fokafkñ'

id.r wd¾:ßlhla uq;= mx;sfha „ú;hla

fn,af,l=g uq;= fia †jhsklg we;s by<u iïm; uy id.rhhs' kuq;a

bkaoshka id.rfha uq;= wegh ;ju;a bka ksisM, fk<df.k fkdue;s

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

44

nj uf.a úYajdihhs¡ 2020 jk úg › ,xldj id.r wd¾:ßlhla iys;

rgla njg m;a ls¯ug uu oeä fia wêIAGdk lrf.k isákafkñ¡

� 2007 °u Y%S ,xldjg wh;a uqyqÿ ìï m%udKh fyj;a uydoaùm

;gdlh uek wjika ls¯ug ,eîu f.dvìï hqoaOh ksud

ls¯ug fmr wm úiska w;alr.;a úYsIag ch.%yKhla nj

uu is;ñ.

� Y%S ,xldjg ysñ uqyqÿ iSudj °¾> lr .ekSu i|yd ud úiska

tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkhg lrk ,o b,a,Su ms<s.ekSu

.ek uu w;sYhska wdvïnr jkafkñ' tu.ska kqÿre

wkd.;fha° wmg ysñ uqyq≥ iSudj wfma ,xldj fuka 23

.=Khla muK jkq we;'

� tu uqyqÿ ìï iSudj ;=< we;s Lksc f;,a" .Eia yd Lksc je,s

hk iïm;a w;am;a lr.ekSfuka wmg ysñjk wd¾:ßljákdlu we' fvd' á%,shkh blaujd hkq we;'

� ukakdrï fødaKsfha oekgu;a fidhd f.k we;s iajNdúl

.Eia jdKscuh jYfhka ksiaidrKh lr tys m%;s,dN

uyckhdg w;am;a lr fokafkñ'

� uqyqo wdY%s; T!IO ksIamdokh" u;aiH iy uQÿ Ydl wdYs%;

ksIamdok, w.h tl;=lrk ,o jrdh fiajdjka iy uqyqÿ

;dm n,Yla;s ;dlaIKh ksIamdokhkag rdcH ue†y;aùu

;=< m%uqL ia:dkhla ,nd fokafkñ.

� Wmdh ud¾.sl l¾udka;hla f,i áka ud¿ l¾udka;h

ixj¾Okh lrñ' ta i|yd iqÿiq u;aiH wiajekak nyq,

m%foaY 5 l l¾udka; Yd,d 5 la wdrïN lrñ'

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

45

ienE jQ fiao udjf;a isyskh

� fld<U yd yïnkaf;dg wdY%s; wx. iïmQ¾K kdúl

myiqlïj,ska iukaú; “jrdh k.r folla” b†lrñ¡

tu.ska rg ;=< fj<| kdúl flaI;%hg wod< uyd m˙udK

jHjidhlhkaf.a ld¾hd, ixlS¾Khla we;s lrñ¡

� ixpdrl fydag,a" idmamq ixlS¾K" úfkdao uOHia:dk"

m%o¾Yk yd iïuka;%K Yd,d myiqlï hkd†fhka iukaú;

“l,dmSh fj<| flaJø folla” jrdh k.rdY%s;j f.dv

kÕñ¡

� “ksoyia jrdh ixl,amh” h:d¾:hla njg m;alrñka

fld<U yd yïnkaf;dg ksoyia jrdhka njg m;al< m˙†u;%sl=Kdu, jrdh o ;jÿrg;a ixj¾Okh lr ksoyia jrdhla

njg m;a lr foaYSh yd úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhska †˙ .kajk

úfYaI jevms<sfj<la ilia lrñ¡ tuÛska NdKav ksIaamdokh,

tl,ia ls¯u iy jákdlï tl;= ls¯fï l,dmSh

flakaøia:dkhla njg › ,xldj m;a lrñ¡

� uyd m˙udK kdjql iy jrdh l¾udka;hkag wjYH iyh

fiajdjka iemhSu i|yd l=vd iy uOH m˙udK foaYSh

jHjidhlhka †˙u;a ls¯ug úfYaI jevms<sfj,la ilia

lrñ¡

� fk!ld ld¾h uKav,j, wfma foaYSh wdydr flfrys úfYaI

m%sh;djhla olajk neúka fo,a" fldia" w," n;, jeks foaYSh

wdydr ilia lr jákdlu tl;= ls¯fï l%uhla u.ska

fk!ldj,g iemhSfuka f.dú ck;djg wdodhula ,nd

.ekSug yels jk meye†,s jevms<sfj<la oekgu;a ilia

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

46

lr we;af;ñ¡ ta hgf;a ilial, wdydr iemhqï Ndr .kakd

uOHia:dk 10la rgmqrd we;s ls¯ug lghq;= lrñ¡

� oekg ie,iqï lr we;s .d¨ jrdh ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sh u.ska

ixpdrl wdl¾IKh iys; m%foaYhla njg .d¨ jrdh mej;s

m%foaYh m;a lrñ' tu.ska „jk jD;a;sh lr.;a ol=Kq

m,df;a „j;ajk úYd, ms˙ilf.a w;ñg jvd irejkq we;¡

� wÆ;ska b†l< T¨ú,a jrdh" kùlrKh fjñka mj;sk

lkalika;=f¾ jrdh iy ;%sl=Kdu" jrdh Ndú;d lrñka

W;=re kef.kysr m<d;aj, „j;a jk ck;djf.a ksIamdok

fld<U m%Odk jdksc flakaøhg myiqfjka yd wvqu ñ,lska

f.khdug yels jk fia “uqyqÿ m%jdyk fiajdjla” wdrïN

ls¯ug lghq;= lrñ¡

� jrdh fCIa;%h wdY%s; fuu ixj¾Okh ;=<ska “by< jegqma

iys; Rcq /lshd ,CI ;=kla” yd “jl% /lshd ,laI folla”

b†˙ jir 6 ;=< ksielju ks¾udKh lrñ¡

� fï ishÆ ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s u.ska b†˙ jir 6 ;=< wfma

wd¾:ßlhg w¨;ska tl;=jk úfoaYSh wdfhdack m%udKh

weu˙ldkq fvd,¾ ì,shk 10 blauùug lghq;= lrkq

,efí.

� jrdh yd kdúl fCIa;% wdYs%;j iy id.r wdY%s; úoHd;aul

oekqu j¾Okh ls¯u iy ;reK ;reKshka w;r fnodye¯uiy tu flaI;%h ;=< .fõYk yd m¯laIK isÿ ls¯ug yels

jk m˙† id.r úYajúoHd,h Yla;su;a lrñ.

� fld<U jrdh wêl ld¾h nyq, jrdhla ùu;a iuÕ we;sù

;sfnk fiajd nyd¨ï msg; f.khdfï ° isÿjk m%udoh

je,elaùu i|yd wjYH ld¾hCIu l%ufõohla jydu l%shdjg

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

47

kxjñ. tuÛska ˙hÿrkaf.a yd wfkl=;a Bg iïnkaO

fiajlhkaf.a ld,h wmf;a hdu iy udkisl w;Dma;sh

u.yerùug lghq;= lrñ'

� fld<U iy yïnkaf;dg m%Odk cd;Hka;r jrdhka

foflysu fN!;sl iïm;a yd myiqlï cd;Hka;r jrdh

wjYH;djhkag wkql+, m%ñ;sfhka hqla;j wLKavj

kùlrKh ls¯fuka Y%S ,xldj f,dalfha kdúl flaIa;%fha

m%Odk flakaøia:dkhla njg m;a ls¯ug lghq;= lrñ¡

ëjr m%%cdjg wÆ;a „ú;hla

uu o jrla fï rfÜ ëjr weu;sjrhdj isá ksid uqyqo ish „ú;h

lr.;a wvq myiqlï hgf;a „j;ajk ëjr ck;djg iudc jákdlula

iys; w¨;a „ú;hla ,nd°u i`oyd Tjqka wd¾:ßl jYfhka Tijd ;eîu

msKsi w¨;ska f.dv kef.k › ,xldfõ ishÆ fodrgq újD; lrñ.

� ëjr Nd¾hdfjda ;u ieñhd †hUg .sh fudfydf;a mgka

jefgk jeiaig iy yuk iq<Õg o ìfhka miqfj;s. ta

t†fkod ëjr l¾udka;fha fhfok wfma ëjrhkaf.a Tre

iy l=vd fndaÜgqj, we;s wkdrCIs; nj ksidh. tneúka

tjeks ëjrhskaf.a myiqj i|yd ikaksfõok iy .nvd

myiqlï iys; flá †k hd;%djla ksIamdokh ls¯u i|yd

b†˙m;a jk iud.ï †˙.kajñ' uQ,sl f.ùulska f;drj

iyk f.ùfï moku u; ëjrhkag tu flá †k hd;%d ,nd

°ug lghq;= lrñ.

� ;reK mrïmrdjg cd;Hka;r m%ñ;Skag wkql+,j ëjr

l¾udka;fha fh°u i|yd wjYH kQ;k l%ufõohka ms<sn|oekqu iy mqyqKqj w¨;ska ixj¾Okh jk id.r iïm;a iy

kdjql úYajúoHd,fhka wod< mqyqKqj ,nd°ug lghq;= lrñ'

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

48

� lrj," Wïn,lv iy cdä ksIAmdok l¾udka;h i|yd

ldka;d jHjidhl mx;shla ìysls u msKsi †úkeÕ=u nexl=j

hgf;a fjku iyk Kh l%uhla y÷kajd fokafkñ' tu

ksIAmdok cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd<g fhduq l< yels

wdldrhg w.h tl;= ls¯fï jHdmdrhkag m%fõYùu i|yd

ëjr ;reK m%cdjg wjia:dj i,id fokafkñ.

� uqyqÿ ud¾. iy ud¿ whska ms<sn| wOHhkhla lr u;aiHh

iïm;a iy uqyqÿ ud¾. ms<sn| is;shula ks¾udKh lrñ'

� wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|fmd< ;=< u;aiH wiajkq wf<úh

iïnkaOfhka u;=jk wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK°u i|yd kj

fjf<|fmd< fidhd hk m%j¾Ok jevigykla l%shd;aul

lrñ'

� ñ˙†h u;aiH l¾udka;h m%j¾Okh ls¯u i|yd wNHka;r

c,dY fhdodf.k cd;sl uÜgñka mq¿,a c,Ôù ixj¾Ok

jevigykla rg mqrd l%shd;aul lrñ'

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

49

6 cd;sl lr®udka; kHdh m;%h

lDIsl¾ufhka fukau l¾udka; wxYfhka o rg b†˙hg .ekSu b†˙ih jir ;=< uf.a m%uqL b,lalhhs' ta i|yd rfÜ wd¾Ólhg Wmdh

ud¾.sl jYfhka jeo.;a l¾udka; y∫kd .ekSug;a" tu l¾udka;

lrejkag we;s úúOdldr ndOd bj;a lr Tjqka †˙ .ekaùug;a" /lshd

,laI ;=kla iy „jfkdamdh wjia:d mka,laIhla f.dvkexùu i|yd

wjYH cd;sl l¾udka; kHdh m;%hla ilia lrñ' Bg myiqlï

ie,iSu i|yd kj kS;suh rduqjla o y∫kajd foñ' ta i|yd mQ¾K

n,;, iys; l¾udka; ixj¾Ok mk;la f.k tkafkñ'

• nÿlrKh ;jÿrg;a ir, iy myiq ls¯u, rcfhka ,nd.;

hq;= ish¨ wkque;Ska tlajy,la hg° ,nd.ekSu iy ta

i|yd .;lrk ld, rduq ksYaph ls u, wuqøjH imhd .ekSu

myiq ls¯u, udkj iïm;a l<ukdlrKh, m˙irhg

ixrCIKh, kj ±kqu iy kùk ;dCIK Ndú;h iy

wmkhk fj<|m< jdis wd§ ishÆ fCIa;%hka fuu mk;ska

wdjrKh lrñ.

• rdcH wdh;kj, ú.Kkfha m<uq uQ,O¾uh úh hq;af;a ;u

wdh;kj, fiajd fyda m%d.aOk iemhqu fld;rï

ld¾hlaIuj cd;sl wruqK i|yd iM,odhS f,i fhdod

f.k we;a o hkakhs' ta ksid fuu wruqKq u; mokïj iEu

wdh;khlu ixhqla; ie,iqï 2015 isg wÆ;ska ilia ls ug

fhdackd lrñ'

• uyd m˙udK lr®udka; iy Wmdh ud¾.sl l¾udka;j,g

foaYSh fyda úfoaYSh nexl=j,ska m%d.aOk wdfhdack ,nd

.ekSug yels jk m˙† iq/l=ï j.lSïm;a yd neÿïlr ksl=;a

ls¯u i|yd wmkhk nexl= l%uh hgf;a l%shd;aul lrñ'

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

50

• lr®udka;lrKh i|yd wjYH jHqyhka ixj¾Ok wfmalaIdjg

wkql+, lrùu i|yd mj;sk kS;s wKmk;aj, fjkialï

we;s lrñ'

• l¾udka;lrKhg fhduq ù isák fndfyda fokdf.a

ueisú,a, kï ljr myiqlï rcfhka ,nd ÿkak o tu fiajd

,nd.ekSug hdfï° udi .Kkla m%udo jk njhs' tneúka

tla jy,la hgf;a ishÆ wkque;Ska ,nd .ekSug fukau

wod< l%ufõo ,sys,a ls¯ug;a wjYH oeä mshjr fkdmudj

.;af;ñ'

uyd m˙udK lr®udka;lrKhg wkqn,

ixpdrl l¾udka;h

f,dalfha fndfyda rgj,a ;ju;a oreKq ;%ia;jdofhka .sks .kakd úg

iy fndfyda rgj,a wdr®:ßl jYfhka lvd jeà isák úg iajNdj

fi!kao¾fha wis˙h ksid o wÆ;a Y%S ,xldj ;=< f.dvkef.k m%Ndu;a

ixj¾Okh ksid o ixpdrl l¾udka;h cd;sl wd¾:ßlfha by<u

ia:dkhla w;am;a lr .kq we;'

• mq¿,ajk ixpdrl l¾udka;hg m%udKj;a fydag,a ldur

80"000 la f.dvke.Sug wjYH ishÆu iyh ,nd°fuka

,xldfõ fydag,a lr®udka;h wka;r®cd;sl uÜgug Tijd

;nñ' ta weiqfrka ixpdrlhka i|yd wjYH wfkl=;a fiajd

iemhSu ;=<ska „jfkdamdh wjia:d 100"000 muK f.dv

kef.kq we;'

• l,amsáh, l=Épfõ,s, hd, iy mdisl=vd hk m%foaY uqyqÿ l%Svd

mokï lr.;a fjr< ixpdrl l¾udka;hg .e<fmk

myiqlïj,ska hqla;j †hqKq lrñ.

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

51

• lDIs ixpdrl l¾udka;h" m˙ir f,da,S ixpdrl l¾udka;h"

jkdka;r ,e† ixpdrl l¾udka;h ixjr®Okh ls¯u i|yd

;reK jHjidhlhska iy jD;a;slhska †˙u;a lrñ'

• ;reK ixpdrlhskaf.a is;a ne| .kakd ;%dickl l%Svd

wjia:d by< kexùug mshjr .kafkñ'

• wfma rgg meñfKk ixpdrlhkag wmg wdfõKsl

wd.ka;=l i;aldrfhka ie,lSu ;=<ska › ,xldfõ

lS¾;skduh f,dj mqrd m%p,s; lrk jevigykla l%shdjg

kxjñ'

• ldnksl wdydr" foaYSh wdydr yd mdk j¾. wd†hg

ixpdrlhkag imhk l=vd jHdmd˙lhka remsh,a 500,000

l iyk Kh uqo,la ,nd °fuka †˙u;a lrñ'

• wúêu;a f,i ixpdrlhkag fiajd imhkakka yg úêu;a

mqyqKqjla ,nd fokafkñ'

• foaYSh ffjoH fiajd iemhSu uq,alr .;a ixpdrl

jHdmdrhla iqúfYaIS f,i rgmqrd m%p,s; ls¯u i|yd foaYSh

ffjoHjreka †˙u;a lrkafkñ' ta i|yd iyk iemhSfï iy

kshdukh ls¯fï hdka;%Khla ilia lrñ'

bÈlsÍï l¾udka; ms<sfj;

• foaYSh bÈlsßï l¾udka;h oekg ,nd we;s ch.%yKhka

bÈßhg mj;ajdf.k hdu yd m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd kj

b†ls¯ï ixj¾Ok mk; hgf;a ishÆ fiajdodhlhska"

jD;a;slhska bÈlsÍïlrejka yd bÈlsßï Ys,amSkaf.a mQ¾K

odhl;ajh ,nd.ekSfï cd;sl bÈlsßï l%shdms<sfj;la

ks¾udKh lrñ'

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

52

• l,dmfha wka rgj,a wNsnjd b†˙hg hdug wjYH wNsfhda.

ch.ekSu i|yd foaYSh bÈls¯ï l¾udka; m%;sm;a;shla

m%ldYhg m;a lrñ'

• fuu l¾udka;fha fiajfha fhfok ,CI 6 lg muK

wdikak ishÆu Ys,aamSh fY%aKSka i|yd úêu;a mqyqKqqjla ,nd

°ug;a Tjqkaf.a „jk uÜgu Wiia ls¯ug;a Tjqkg ksis

iudc ms<s.ekSu w;am;a lr°ug;a uydNsudks cd;sl úY%du

iqnidOk iy rlaIK jevigyk y÷kajd °ug;a wfmaCId

lrñ'

• b†ls ï Ys,amSkag úfoaY /lshd wjia:d ,nd °u i|yd úfYaI

jevms<sfj<la l%shd;aul lrñ'

• bÈlsßï l¾udka;h i|yd wjYH wuqøjHh Wiia m%ñ;shlska

hq;=j ksIamdokh lsÍu i|yd wjYH m%ñ;Ska y÷kajd

fokafkñ'

• cd;sl bÈlsßï f;dr;=re cd,hla ks¾udKh lrñ'

weÕΩΩï l¾udka;fha yerjqula

• ;;ajfhka Wiia weÕ¿ï by< md˙fNda.sl fj<|fmd<

i|yd ksmoùug;a w¨;a cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd< fidhd

hdug;a we.¿ï l¾udka;Yd,d ysñhkag rcfha mQ¾K

wkq.%yh ,nd fokafkñ.

• fi!LHh fCIa;%fha Ndú;hg .kq ,nk ishÆ fr†ms<s

(Medical Textiles) ksIamdok iy úúO ld¾hhka i|yd

fhdod .kakd iqúfYAI fr†ms<s (GeoTextiles) ksIamdok

l¾udka;h Y%S ,xldfõ weÕ¿ï l¾udka;hg y÷kajd

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

53

fokafkñ. tu l¾udka;fha m%j¾Okh i|yd wjYH ish¨

myiqlï rch u.ska ,nd°u iy;sl lrñ.

• uvl,mq †ia;%slalfha foaYSh fr†ms<s ksIamdok l¾udka;h

kQ;k ;dCIKfhka hqla;j †hqKq ls¯ug ;reK

jHjidhlhkag wjYH m%d.aOkh yd oekqu ,nd °ug lghq;=

lrñ.

Wmdh ud¾.sl l¾udka; moaO;shla

• jd¾Islj úfoaY rgj,g we° hk kuq;a" wmsg ksIamdokh

lr.; yels" foaYSh ksIamdok mokï lr.;a l¾udka;

moaO;shla ia:dmkh lrñ' tjeks l¾udka; rdcH

wkq.%yfhka yd rfÜ by< fm!oa.,sl l¾udka;lrejkaf.a

odhl;ajfhka f.dv k.ñ'

• fldgia fj<|fmdf<a by<skau isák iud.ï 200 o we;=¿j

wm rfÜ by<u jHdmd˙lhka iEu m%dfoaYSh f,alï

fldÜGdihlu tla ne.ska w.h tlals¯fï l¾udka; iy

foaYSh wuqøjH wdY%s; l¾udka; we;=¿ l¾udka; Yd,d 325

la wdrïN ls¯ug wdrdOkd lrñ. ta i|yd Tjqkg wjYH

myiqlï yd †˙ °ukd ish,a, imhñ.

• fuu jevigyk hgf;a ;ukaf.au „jk m%foaY ;=< isgu

l< yels /lshd 100"000 la ks¾udKh lrñ.

• cd;sl l¾udka; moaO;sh ;=< kj ±kqu iy foaYSh kj

fidhd.ekSï jv jvd;a Èß.ekaùu i|yd ;dCIKsl

m¾fhaIK úoHd.dr moaO;shla rg mqrd úYajúoHd, wdY%s;j

msysgqjñ.

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

54

• úúO úoHd{hska m¾fhaIlhka tjeks kj fidhd .ekSï iy

m¾fhaIK iy ixj¾Ok lghq;= i|yd fm<Uùu i|yd

cd;sl m¾fhaIK iy ixj¾Ok wruqo,la msysgqjñ' tu

wruqo, u.ska l¾udka;lrejkag iy m¾fhaIlhkag wjYH

uq,H iyh ,nd °ug lghq;= lrñ'

iSks l¾udka;h

kj Wmdhud¾.sl mk; hgf;a rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl yjq,a wdfhdack

l¾udka;hla f,i iSks l¾udka;h ixj¾Okh lrñ' 2020 jk úg

,xldfõ iSks wjYH;dj foaYShj iïmQ¾K ls¯ug wjYH ie,eiau

oekgu;a ilia lr we;af;ñ'

• mj;sk iSks iud.ï i;= j.d l< yels iïmQ¾K N+ñfhkau

Wla j.dj ixj¾Okh ls fuka foaYSh iSks ksIamdokhka 40]

olajd by< kxjñ'

• me,aj;a;" fijK., yd ysÕ=rdK l¾udka;Yd,d

iïmQ¾Kfhkau kùlrKh lrñ' tu m%foaYj, oekg

fylaghdrhlska ,efnk wiajekak fuá%la fgdka 100 olajd

j¾Okh ls¯ug wjYH wê m<|d îc j¾. iy kQ;k j.d

l%u m%p,s; lrñ'

• wkqrdOmqrh" jõkshdj" uvl,mqj" uq,;sõ" ukakdru iy

ìì, hk m%foaYj, fylaghd¾ 120"000 wÆ;ska Wla j.djg

tl;= lrñ' tu iEu m%foaYhlu w;s kùk l¾udka; Yd,d

moaO;shla wdrïN lrñ'

• fuu wÆ;a l¾udka;Yd,d weiqfrka Rcq /lshd 25"000 la

we;s lrñ Bg wu;rj oekg mj;sk lDIsl¾ufhka ksis M,

fkd,nk tu m%foaYj, f.dùka weiqfrka wÆ;a Wla j.d

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

55

mka;shla f.dv k.ñ' wju jYfhka m%foaYfha f.dú mjq,a

100"000 lg w;sf¾l „jfkdamdh ud¾. Wod jkq we;'

• iSks ksIamdokfha w;sf¾lhla jk t;fkda,a u;ameka i|yd

fkdj bkaOk uqiqjla f,i Ndú; ls ug wjYH l%fudamdhka

ilia lrñ'

• ldâfndaâ" lvodis iy ma,diaála weiqfrka w;=re ksIamdok

.Kkdjla rg ;=< f.dv k.ñ'

• iSks l¾udka; Yd,d weiqfrka mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s

ksIamdokh cd;sl úÿ,sn, moaO;shg tl;= lrñ'

ls˙ l¾udka;h - Oj, úma,jh

°¾> ld,hla ;siafia foaYSh ls˙ l¾udka;hg l=vïudf.a ie,ls,s

,eîfuka ì|jeà ;snqKq foaYSh ls˙ ksIamdok l¾udka;h ;=< úma,ùh

fjkila lrñka foaYSh ls ksIamdokh 13% isg 40% olajd j¾Okh

ls¯ug yelsùu wm ,enQ úYsIag ch.%Khls' tuÛ ska ,;a wd;au

ffO¾hfhka hqla;j 2020 ° Y%S ,xldfõ ls˙ ksIamdokfhka

iajhxfmdaIs; lrñ'

• oekg ,xldfõ ls˙ t<fokqka ,laI 12 la isák nj jd¾;d

ù we;;a Bg idfmalaI ls˙ ksIamdokhla isÿ jk nj nj uu

fkdolsñ' Bg fya;=j †hr ls˙ tl;= ls¯fï fyda wf<ú

ls¯fï ksis l%ufõohla rg mqrd jHdma; fkdjk neúka rg

mqrd me;=reKq ls˙ tl;= ls¯fï cd,hla iy .nvdlrK

uOHia:dk iuQyhla ia:dmkh lrñ'

• iEu m<d;lgu tl ne.ska m%Odk ls wdY%s; lr®udka; Yd,d

9 la wdrïN lrñ'

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

56

• tu ld¾udka; Yd,dj, ls˙ ksIamdok wod< m<df;a kñka

wf,ú ls¯fï l%ufõohla y∫kajd fokafkñ' tuÛska

ksIamdok wf,ú ls¯u m%j¾Okh lrñ'

• m%Odk msá ls˙ ksIamdok l¾udka; Yd,d 4 la msysgqjñ'

tuÛska wdkhksl msá ls˙ iuÕ ;r. ls¯ug ji úfika

f;dr foaYSh msá ls˙ l¾udka;hg yels jkq we;'

uOH m˙udK mdIdK l¾udka; moaO;shla

fndfyda fokd l,amkd lrkafka f,dalfha we;s jákdu N+.; iïm;a

jkafka r;a;rka, †huka;s iy Lksc f;,a muKla njhs' wfma rfÜ

fndfyda fokd o ;ju;a miqjkafka tu m˙l,amkfhau nj uf.a

yeÕSuhs' tuksid wmg Wreu ù we;s ueKsla b,aukhsÜ ñksrka, is,sld,

ys˙.,a jeks N+.; iïm;aj,ska wm ;ju;a ksisM, fk<df.k ke;s

nj uu oksñ' tneúka m˙ir moaO;sh o wdrCId jk m˙† oeä

md,khla hgf;a cd;sl mdIdK l¾udka; ixj¾Ok jevigykla

wdrïN lrñ¡

ueKsla l¾udka;h

• ks,a ueKsla i|yd cd;Hka;r fj<|fmdf<a wm †kd we;s

lS¾;skduh mokï lrf.k › ,xldj f,dalfha wxl tfla

ks,aueKsla fj<| uOHia:dkh njg m;a lrñ¡

• f,dj m%uqL fmf<a ueKsla iy iaj¾KdNrK

wmkhklrejka wdlr®IKh lr.ekSfuka › ,xldj ueKsla

l¾udka;fha m%uqL rgla njg m;alrñ¡

• kùk úoHq;a ;dm ms˙hï ls¯fï ;dCIKh furgg y÷kajd°f.jqv iy l=reúkao ueKsla i|yd w.h tla ls¯fuka fuu

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

57

fCIa;%fha kshef<kakkag wÆ;a jHdmd˙l fodrgqjla újD;

lrñ¡

• ;ju;a wfma rfÜ Ndú; fkdjk §wê;dCIKsl iQCIu

lemqï ;dCIKh¶ (Precision Cutting) furgg y÷kajd °.ereï jÜáfha jeämqru we;s jákdlfuka wvq l=vd

ueKslaj,g w.h tla ls¯fuka by< wdodhula Wmhd

.ekSug wjia:dj Wodlrñ¡

• ueKsla l¾udka;hg iïnkaO l=vd jHjidhlhskaf.a

wdodhu by< kexùu i|yd r¿ ueKsla ksIamdok j¾Okh

lr ta i|yd úfoaY fj<|fmd< újD; lr fokafkñ¡

ÈhqKqfõ fkdÿgq iïm;

• wm i;= ñksrka" fmdiafmaÜ" hlv" hmia" Lksc f;,a,

iajNdúl .Eia iy Lksc je,s hk iïm;aj, ksisM,

fk<d.ekSu i|yd;a w.h tl;= l< ksñ l¾udka; ìysls u

i|yd;a cd;sl ;srir Lksc iïm;a l¾udka; m%;sm;a;shla

ilia lrñ'

• tmamdj, fmdiafmaÜ ksêh jeks iïm;aj,ska foaYSh

f.dú;efka yd jeú,s l¾udka;fha wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug

wjYH frdla fmdiafmaÜ" isx.,a iqm¾ fmdiafmaÜ iy á%m,a

iqm¾ fmdiafmaÜ" ksmoùu kQ;k ;dlaIKhka uqiq

l¾udka;hla f,i ixj¾Okh lrñ'

• fuu l¾udka; i|yd „j ;dCIKh" kefkda ;dCIKh"

úoHq;a ;dCIKh" frdfnda ;dCIKh" f;dr;=re yd wNHjldY

;dCIKh wd†h Ndú;fhka ksIAmdok Od˙;dj kexùu i|yd

m¾fhaIK lghq;= †˙u;a lrñ'

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

58

• Y%S ,xldfõ fjr< ;Srj, úisreKq Lksc iïm;a tl;= lrk

wh l=vd yd uOH mßudK l¾udka;lrejka f,i ÈhqKq

lsÍug mshjr .kafkñ'

• wjodku ysiska ordf.k m;,aj, jefvys fhfok

Y%ñlhkaf.a „ú; wdrCIdj i|yd úfYaI jevms<sfj<la

ilia lrk w;r Tjqkg „ú; rCIK l%uhla y÷kajd

fokafkñ¡

l=vd jHdmdr ixj¾Ok jevigyk

• .Dy, l=vd iy uOH m˙udK ksIAmdok úfoaY fj<|fmd<g

fhduq ls¯u mokï lrf.k §chìu ,xld¶ jevigyk

l%shd;aul lrñ.

• ld¾ñl ixj¾Ok uKav,h jvd;a Yla;su;a lr fuu

jHdmd˙lhka i|yd wjYH mqyqKqj" ;dCIKh yd fj<|fmd<

f;dr;=re myiqfjka ,nd fok jevigykla l%shd;aul

lrñ'

• Y%S ,xld wmkhk ixj¾Ok uKav,h iïmQKfhkau

m%;sjHqy.; lr l=vd iy uOH m˙udK jHjidhlhskaf.a

ksIamdok cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd<g ksjer†j fhduqlrk

jevigyfka kshuqjd njg m;a lrñ.

• ish¨u rdcH nexl= yryd iyk fmd,shla iy m<uq jir

fol ;=< jd˙l wh fkdlrk úfYaI ixj¾Ok Kh fhdackd

l%uhla fuu fCIa;%fha Wkak;sh fjkqfjka l%shd;aul lrñ.

• l=vd jHdmd˙lhkaf.a úúO wjYH;d bgqls¯u i|yd

ia:dmkh lr we;s ish¨u rdcH wdh;k iy wod<

jHjidhlhkaf.a o ksfhdackh iys; cd;sl iNdjla msysgq

jkafkñ.

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

59

iïm%odhsl Wreufhka kQ;k fj<|fmd< ch.ekqu

újD; wd¾:ßlh ;=< fj<|fmd< jidf.k f;dfrdïn,a fj<|dume;sfrk úg jvd;a wirK jQ iïm%odhsl yia; l¾udka;lrejkaf.a

ksIamdok f.da,ShlrKfha cd;Hka;r ks¾ud;Djrekaf.a ksfjiaj,

w,xldrh msKsi ;nd we;s fyg ojila oelSu ug buy;a i;=gls¡ tu

ksid iïm%odhsl ksIAmdok l¾udka;h cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd< b,lal

lrñka ixj¾Okh lrk jevigykla l%shd;aul lrñ.

• cd;sl fudaia;r uOHia:dkh jHqyd;aulj yd .=Kd;aulj

fjkialr merKs iïm%odhdkql+, NdKav ksIamdokh lrk

.ïudk iuÕ iDcqj iïnkaO lrñ¡

• yia; l¾udka; fCIa;%fha rcfha ue†y;aùu ork m%Odk

wdh;khla jk ,lai, yryd fmr weKjqï (Forward

Contract) ,nd °u Tiafia foaYSh fj<|fmd< ia:djr lrñ'

• ta i|yd pl%Sh wruqo,la wdrïN fldg fuu wxYh flfrys

Wkkaÿjla olajk ;reK ;reKshka cd;Hka;r

fj<|fmd<g wjYH Wiia uÜgfï NdKav ksmoùu i|yd

wjYH uQ,H myiqlï ,nd °ug mshjr .kafkñ¡

� .%dóh lDIs ksIamdokfha fhfok l=vd m˙udK f.dúhdf.a,

jHjidhlhdf.a ksIamdok /ials¯u iy fnod ye¯u i|yd

jhi 35 g wvq ;reK jHjidhlhka 25"000 la i|yd l=vd

f,d˙ r:hla fyda ñ,g .ekSu i|yd iyk fmd<shla hgf;a

Kh uqo,la ,nd fokafkñ'

• fuu jD;a;SkayS ksheΩKq jfhdajDoaO whg ms<sirK úhhq;=

wjia:d y÷kd f.k „jk °ukdjla f.ùug wjYH mshjr

.kafkñ¡

f,dj †kk u.

iqrCIs; rgla

60

7 ixj¾Okffha ñys˙ M, .ug f.k hk †ú ke.=u

†ú ke.=fuka ,iaik k.rhla" iqms˙ .ula

merKs iqkaor;ajh ims˙ .u" fmdÿ myiqlïj,ska msreKq j;alï we;s

ñksiqkaf.a „jk jdiia:dkh njg m;a ls¯u i|yd .uke.=u

jevigyfka isg †úke.=u olajdu lghq;= lrkafka uu o .eñfhla

neúks. k.rh w,xldr ;ekla njg m;a jkafka bka miqjh. wo uf.a

.fï wh o b,a,d isákafka k.rhg iudk myiqlïj,ska yd

ms˙isÿlñka ims˙ .uls.

� .u ke.=u jevigyfka b,lalh jQfha ixj¾ê; iy

w,xldrj;a m%fõY ud¾., ms˙isÿ jd˙ c,iemhqï ud¾.,

myiqlï ims˙ fi!LHh uOHia:dkh, kùlrKh jQ

iuQmdldrh, isÛs;s Whk ue†lr.;a fmr mdi,, w,xldrj;a

mdi, we;=Ω fmdÿ myiqlï ish,a,u iEu .ulgu ,nd

°uhs.

� †úke.=u l%shd;aul jk ims˙ .ïudk 25"000 jevigyfka

wruqK jkafka .uke.=fuka †hqKq l< fmdÿ myiqlï ims˙.fï „j;ajk iEu mjq,lau fmdfydi;a ls¯uhs.

� iEu mjq,lgu ia:ßr jy,la iys; ksjil whs;sh iy;sl

lrk w;r ta iEu ksjilgu wju jYfhka úÿ,sh, ms˙isÿ

mdkSh c,h, úêu;a ikSmdrCIl myiqlï ,nd fokafkñ.

� †hqKq l< fi!LH uOHia:dkfha fi!LHh /ljrKh tu

.fï fjfik iEu .eìks ujlgu, orefjl=gu ,nd fok

w;r fmdÿ m%jdyk fiajfha, keKi, wd° fiajd

uOHia:dkj, fiajh iEu mjq,lu wod< idud‚lhskag wvq

ke;sj ,nd°u wksjd¾h lrñ.