Bonding Periodic Table Stuff & Redox. Bonding in Ionic Compounds.
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Transcript of Bonding Periodic Table Stuff & Redox. Bonding in Ionic Compounds.
![Page 1: Bonding Periodic Table Stuff & Redox. Bonding in Ionic Compounds.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5697c02b1a28abf838cd88fe/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
BondingPeriodic Table Stuff&Redox
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Bonding in Ionic Compounds
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Ionic Bonds (Salts)
• Between a metal (usually) and a non-metal (usually). The metal gives up its electron to the non-metal. Giving up electrons turns the metal into a positively charged ion called a cation. Gaining the electrons turns the non-metal into a negtatively charged ion called an anion.
• The positive and negative charges attract each other. This is the ionic bond.
• Ionic compounds are crystals – the formula shows the ratio of the elements in the compound. It is known as a formula unit.
• They have high melting points.
• They are more likely to be soluble in water, the universal solvent.
• They are electrolytes.
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CsClCaF2
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Experienced chemists can often predict the structure that a given ionic species will adopt, based on the nature of the ions involved. This means that it is often possible to design ionic compounds having certain well-defined and desirable properties. As an example, chemists have been able to make high-temperature superconductors, such as the complicated ionic compound, YBa2Cu3O4. This solid conducts electricity with no resistance at all at low temperature (below ca. -100 degrees centigrade). Previous superconductors only had this property at much lower temperatures. The lack of resistance makes superconductors very useful in a number of technological applications - e.g. in designing high-speed trains that levitate above the track!The repeating structure of this solid is shown below (oxygen is large and red, barium large and yellow-ish, yttrium small and pink, and copper small and blue). Notice how many oxygen ions surround each barium and yttrium ion.
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Covalent Bonds (Not-Salts)
• The electrons are shared between compounds. This allows each atom to have a full outer shell for stability.
• Covalent compounds are represented by true molecules. The formula represents how many of each atom there are in the molecule.
• 1 electron each shared is a single bond, 2 electrons each is a double bond and 3 electrons each is a triple bond.
• They have low melting points.• They don’t usually dissolve well in water.• They are not electrolytes.
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Bonding in Covalent Compounds
Plot of region where e- sit. Not localized.
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Bonding in Metals
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Bonding in Covalent Compounds – VSEPR shapes
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Bonding in Covalent Compounds – Polarities of Molecules
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Bonding between Molecules – Intermolecular Bonding:
Hydrogen Bonding
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Bonding between Molecules – Intermolecular Bonding:
Dipole - Dipole Bonding & Induced Dipole Bonding (london dispersion)
Collectively: van der waals forces
http://chemsite.lsrhs.net/bonding/LondonDispersion.html
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Families/Groups; Periodic Law; Ionization energy & Electronegativity
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Assigning Oxidation Numbers:
PO4-3 H2SO4
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OIL RIG
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