BOARD OF STUDIES 2018-2019 MICROBIOLOGY · 2019-01-06 · Prescott, Harley and Klein’s...

1 | P a g e

D.K. GOVT.COLLEGE FOR WOMEN

(AUTONOMOUS), NELLORE

BOARD OF STUDIES

2018-2019

MICROBIOLOGY

2 | P a g e

3 | P a g e

D.K.(AUTONOMOUS) GOVERNMENT

DEGREE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN

NELLORE

BOARD OF STUDIES MEETING

DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY

2018-2019

12-04-2018

4 | P a g e

D.K.Govt. Autonomous Degree College for Women, Nellore

Department of Microbiology

The Board of studies meeting for microbiology subject during the Academic

year 2018-2019 is conducted in the Dept of Microbiology on 12-04-2018

With Smt.D.Sindhura, Lec. incharge in the chair along with the following

members.

S.No Name Position

1. Dr. E.K.Dorcas Joy,

Lecturer in Botany,

Incharge, Dept of Botany,

D.K. Govt College (w)

Chair person

2. Dr. Ch. Paramageetham,

Associate Professor,

S.V. University,

Tirupathi

University Nominee

3. Dr. Mohammed Maqsood ahmed

Lecturer in Microbiology,

GDC, Gudur.

AC Nominee

4. Dr .Y sirisha

Dept.of microbiology,

Sri padmavathi women’s degree college,

tirupathi.

AC Nominee

5. Dr. P. Jagan Mohan

D.T. Matrix Aqua Laboratories,

Nellore

Industry Representative

6. Ms. P. Alekhya M.Sc

Nellore

Student Alumnus

7. Ms.M.Medini B.Sc

Nellore

Student Alumnus

5 | P a g e

Agenda for the Meeting

1. Revising the syllabus for the semester

2. Model Question Papers and Blue Prints

3. Panel of question paper setters and examiners

4. Methodologies of teaching and learning

5. Choice Based credit system for second year students

6. Action plan of the Dept. for 2018-19 including research activities organizing

seminars and workshops and training programmes

7. Introduction of New Courses of study – Possibilities

8. Evolving new method of assessment of students in view of CBCS

6 | P a g e

MICROBIOLOGY –BLUE PRINT

1.DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS AS PER LEARNING OBJECTIVES

SEMESTER I&II

S.NO Learningobjectives % Marks

1. Knowledge/Recall 28 20

2 Understanding 22 15

3 Application 22 15

4 Analysis 14 10

5 Evaluation 14 10

2. DISTRIBUTION AS PER QUESTION TYPES

S.NO

QUESTION TYPE % MARKS

1

ESSAY 67 40

2

SHORT ANSWERS 33 20

3.DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS AS PER DIFFICULTY LEVELS

ESSAY

AVERAGE DIFFICULT TOTAL

40

15 15 60

7 | P a g e

MICROBIOLOGY –BLUE PRINT

1.DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS AS PER LEARNING OBJECTIVES

SEMESTER III&IV

S.NO Learningobjectives % Marks

1. Knowledge/Recall 28 20

2 Understanding 22 15

3 Application 22 15

4 Analysis 14 10

5 Evaluation 14 10

2. DISTRIBUTION AS PER QUESTION TYPES

S.NO

QUESTION TYPE % MARKS

1

ESSAY 71 50

2

SHORT ANSWERS 29 20

3.DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS AS PER DIFFICULTY LEVELS

ESSAY

AVERAGE DIFFICULT TOTAL

40

15 15 70

8 | P a g e

BOARD OF STUDIES MEETING

DEPT. OF MICROBIOLOGY

CBCS & SEMESTER SYSTEM. 12.04.2018

Meeting regarding board of studies has been conducted by the dept. of Microbiology on

12.04.2018 by 10:30. AM. It was chaired by DR.EK. DORCAS JOY In – Charge, Dept. of

Botany. The members attended the meeting were thoroughly discussed and unanimously

resolved the following points

SEMESTER – 1 & 2 (THEORY):

No changes were made in the syllabus for sem. 1 & 2. No changes were made in the practical

syllabus.. The question paper model is decided as 70 (External marks), 30 (Internal marks)

SECTION - A - Short answers : 5 X 4 = 20

SECTION – B - Essay type :5 x 10 = 50

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

TOTAL 70

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEMESTER – 3 & 4 (THEORY) :

Necessary changes were made in theory and for both sem. 3 . The question paper models

were set to 60 (External marks) 40(Internal marks) pattern.

SECTION - A - Short answers : 5 X 4 =20

SECTION – B - Essay type : 5 X 8 =40

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TOTAL 60

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The practical syllabus for both sem. 3 & 4 is changed. The activities like field work, project

work, plant collection etc., were suggested for the benefit of the students.

For Internals (40 marks).

SEMESTER-5&6 ( THEORY ) :

Necessary changes were made in theory and practical of 6th

semester and no changes were

made in 5th

semester .The question paper model is 70 (External ) and 30 ( Internal )

SECTION - A - Short answers : 5 X 4 = 20

SECTION – B - Essay type : 5 x 10 = 50

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

TOTAL 70

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

9 | P a g e

Minutes for Board of Studies in Microbiology

The second Board of Studies (BOS) meeting in Microbiology subject is conducted in

Department of Microbiology, D.K. Govt. Degree College for Women (Autonomous), Nellore

on 12-04-2018 at 10.30 AM. The Board members have discussed the agenda of the meeting

and unanimously passed the following resolutions.

1. In I & II semesters there were no inclusions or deletions.

2. In semester-III one topic is shifted from unit-III to Unit-I, and specified some of the

topics in Unit-I

3. In elective-II paper-8 (II-A) unit-III is deleted as the topics are repeated in cluster

elective-II paper-8 (II-B). The topic is more appropriate for this paper and the deleted

unit is replaced with some topics.

4. In practical syllabus of paper 7-B elective two experiments were included.

5. In paper-8 (II-A) elective-II of unit-V one topic is deleted.

6. In cluster Elective-I 602-B paper-8 I-B Unit-V three topics were included.

7. Semester examinations assessment component is designed as follows:

External examinations -70 M

Internal examinations –-30 M

Internal assessment:

Written examination - 20M

Project/ seminar -5M

Assignment - 5M

PROJECT WORK FOR SIXTH SEMESTER :

Methodology - 15 marks

Project outcomes - 5 marks

JUSTIFICATION:

1. In I & II semesters there were no inclusions or deletions

2. .In semester-III one topic is shifted from unit-III to Unit-I, and specified some of the

topics in Unit-I

3. In elective-II paper-8 (II-A) unit-III is deleted as the topics are repeated in cluster

elective-II paper-8 (II-B). The topic is more appropriate for this paper and the deleted

unit is replaced with some topics. AS per examination point of view

4. In practical syllabus of paper 7-B elective two experiments were included.

5. In paper-8 (II-A) elective-II of unit-V one topic is deleted.

6. In cluster Elective-I 602-B paper-8 I-B Unit-V three topics were included.as updated

topics in examination point of view

10 | P a g e

V.S. UNIVERSITY

MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS

2018-2019

VIKRAMA SIMHAPURI UNIVERSITY

B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) SYLLABUS

VIKRAMA SIMHAPURI UNIVERSITYB.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) SYLLABUS

SEMESTER- V

11 | P a g e


12 | P a g e



SEMESTER- VI

Paper- VIIA

MBT – 601A MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

TOTAL HOURS: 36 CREDITS:3

UNIT- I No. of Hours: 8

Microbial Biotechnology: Scope and its applications in human therapeutics and environment

(Bioremediation of Xenobiotics).

Genetically engineered microbes for industrial application: Bacteria and yeast

UNIT- II No. of Hours: 7

RecombinantmicrobialproductionprocessesinPharmaceuticalindustries - Streptokinase

Recombinant vaccines (Hepatitis B vaccine).

Microbial polysaccharides, polyesters and Bioplastics.

Microbial biosensors.

UNIT-III No. of Hours: 10

Microbial based transformation of steroids.

Biocatalytic processes and their industrial applications: Production of high

fructose corn syrup and Production of cocoa butter substitute.

Immobilization methods and their application.

UNIT- IV No. of Hours: 7

Bioethanol and Biodiesel production: commercial production from lignocellulosic waste and

algal biomass.

Biogas production: Methane production using microbial culture.

Bio leaching.

UNIT- V No. of Hours: 4

Outlines of Intellectual Property Rights: Patents. Copyrights, Trademarks

13 | P a g e

MBP- 601A MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

TOTAL HOURS: 36 CREDITS: 2

1. Yeast cell immobilization in calcium alginate gels

2. Pigment production from fungi / bacteria

3. Isolation of protease/ xylanase / lipase producing bacteria

4. Study of algal Single Cell Proteins.

SUGGESTED READING

Crueger W, Crueger A (1990) Biotechnology: A text Book of Industrial Microbiology 2nd

edition Sinauer associates, Inc.

Demain,A.L and Davies,J.E.(1999).Manual of industrial Microbiology and

Biotechnology, 2nd

Edition, ASM Press.

Glazer AN and Nikaido H (2007) Microbial Biotechnology, 2nd

edition. Cambridge

University Press

Glick BR, Pasternak JJ, and Patten CL (2010) Molecular Biotechnology 4th

edition, ASM

Press

Gupta PK (2009) Elements of Biotechnology 2nd

edition, Rastogi Publications

Prescott, Harley and Klein’s Microbiology by Willey JM. Sherwood LM,

Woolverton CJ (2014),9th

edition, Mc Graw Hill Publishers.

Ratledge, C and Kristiansen, B. (2001). Basic Biotechnology. 2nd

Edition, Cambridge

University Press.

Stanbury PF, Whitaker A, Hall SJ. (1995) Principles of FermentationTechnology 2nd

edition., Elsevier Science

Swartz, J. R. (2001). Advances in Escherichia coli production of therapeutic proteins.

Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 12, 195-201.

14 | P a g e



SEMESTER- VI

Paper- VII B

MBT.601 B ADVANCES IN MICROBIOLOGY



Salient features of sequenced microbial genomes, core genome pool, flexible genome pool

and concept of pangenome. Evolution of bacterial virulence - Genomic islands, Pathogenicity

islands (PAI) and their characteristics.


Brief history and development of Metagenomics. Understanding bacterial diversity using

metagenomics approach. Prospecting genes of biotechnological importance using

metagenomics. Basic knowledge of viral metagenome, meta transcriptomics, metaproteomics

and metabolomics

UNIT- III No. of Hours: 8

Epiphytic fitness and its mechanism in plant pathogens. Hypersensitive response (HR) to

plant pathogens and its mechanism. Type three secretion systems (TTSS) of plant and animal

pathogens.


Biofilms: Types of microorganisms, molecular aspects and significance in environment,

health care, virulence and antimicrobial resistance

UNIT-V No. of Hours: 7

Networking in biological systems, Quorum sensing in bacteria. Co-ordinated regulation of

bacterial virulence factors. Basics of synthesis of poliovirus in laboratory. Future implications

of synthetic biology with respect to bacteria and viruses.

15 | P a g e

MBP- 6018 ADVANCES IN MICROBIOLOGY

TOTAL HOURS:36 CREDITS:2

1. Extraction of metagenomic DNA from soil

2. To understand the impediments in extracting metagenomic DNA from soil

3.PCR amplification of metagenomic DNA using universal l6s ribosomal gene primers

4. Case study to understand how the poliovirus genome was synthesized in the laboratory

5.Case study to understand how networking of metabolic pathways in bacteria takes Place

SUGGESTED READING

1. Fraser CM, Read TD and Nelson KE. Microbial Genomes, 2004. Humana Press

2. Miller RV and Day MJ. Microbial Evolution-Gene establishment, survival and exchange,

2004, ASM Press

3. Bull AT. Microbial Diversity and Bioprospecting, 2004, ASM Press.

4. Sangdun C. Introduction to Systems Biology, 2007. Humana Press

5. Klipp E, Liebermeister W. Systems Biology - A Textbook. 2009. Wiley -VCH Verlag

6. Caetano-Anolles G. Evolutionary Genomics and systems Biology, 2010, John WileY and

Sons

7. Madigan MT, Martink JM, Dunlap PV and Clark DP (2014) Brook’s Biology of

Microorganisms, 14th edition. Pearson-Bejamin Cumming Wilson BA, Salyers AA

Whitt DD and Winkler ME (2011) Bacterial Pathogenesis- A molecular Approach, 3rd

edition. ASM Press.

8. Bouarab K, Brisson and Daayf F (2009) Molecular Plant-Microbe interaction CAB

International.

9. Voit EO (2072) A First Course in Systems Biolory. Ist edition.Garland Science

16 | P a g e



SEMESTER- VI

Paper- VII C

MBT.601 C INSTRUMENTATION AND BIOTECHNIQUES

TOTAL HOURS: 36

CREDITS: 3

UNIT-I No. of Hours: 6

Bright field and dark field microscopy. Fluorescence Microscopy, Phase contrastMicroscopy,

Confocal Microscopy and Micrometry.

UNIT-II No. of Hours:8

Principles and applications of paper chromatography (including Descending and 2-D)

Column packing and fraction collection. Gel filtration chromatography, ion-exchange

chromatography. GLC and HPLC.


Principle and applications of native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS- polyacrylamide

gel electrophoresis, 2D gel electrophoresis and Isoelectric focusing.


Principle and applications of study of absorption Spectra of bimolecular.

Analysis of bimolecular using UV and visible range. Turbidometry


Preparative and analytical centrifugation, fixed angle and swinging bucket rotors. RCF and

sedimentation coefficient, differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation and

ultracentrifugation.

MBP-601C INSTRUMENTATION AND BIOTECHNIQUES (PRACTICAL)


1. Study of fluorescent micrographs to visualize bacterial cells.

2. Ray diagrams of phase contrast microscopy and Electron microscopy.

3. Separation of mixtures by paper / thin layer chromatograph

4. Demonstration of column packing in any form of column chromatography

17 | P a g e

5. Separation protein mixtures by any form of chromatography.

6. Separation of protein mixtures by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

(PAGE).

7. Determination of maxλ foran unknown sample and calculation of extinction

coefficient.

8. Separation of components of a given mixture using a laboratory scale centrifuge.

9. Understanding density gradient centrifugation with the help of pictures

10. Estimation of DNA by diphenyl amine method.

11. Estimation of protein by Lowry method.

SUGGESTED READING

1. Nelson DL and Cox MM. (2008). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry,5th

Ed.,

W.H. Freeman and Company.

2. Willey MJ, Sherwood LM & Woolverton C J. (2013). Prescott. Harley and Klein’s

Microbiology. 9th

Ed., McGraw Hill.

3. Karp G. (2010) Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. 6th

edition.

John Wiley & Sons. Inc.

4. De Robertis EDP and De Robertis EMF. (2006). cell and Molecular Biology.8th

edition. Lipincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.

5. Cooper G.M. and Hausman R.E. (2009). The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 5th

Edition. ASM Press& Sunderland, Washington D.C., Sinauer Associates, MA.

6. Nigam A and Ayyagari A. 2007. Lab Manual in Biochemistry. Immunolory and

Biotechnology. Tata McGraw Hill.

18 | P a g e



SEMESTER-VI

Cluster Elective I; Paper- VIII (I)A

MBT- 602 A DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY


UNIT-I No. of hours: 8

Causative agent and symptoms of Bacterial, Viral, Fungal and Protozoan Diseases of various

human body systems: nervous (Meningitis, Encephalitis, Cryptococcosis, Trypanosomiasis)

respiratory (Tuberculosis, Influenza, Histoplasmosis, toxoplasmosis), gastrointestinal

(typhoid. Hepatitis, Candidiasis, amoebiasis), urogenital systems ( Nongonococcal urethritis,

Genital herpes, candidiasis Trichomoniasis). Disease associated clinical samples for

diagnosis.

UNIT-II No. of hours: 8

Collection of clinical samples (oral cavity, throat, skin, blood, CSF, urine and faeces) and

precautions required. Method of transport of clinical samples to laboratory and storage.

UNIT-III No. of hours: 8

Examination of sample by staining-Gramstain.Ziehl-Neelson staining for tuberculosis,

Giemsa-stained thin blood film for malaria.

Preparation and use of culture media - Blood agar, Chocolate agar, Lowenstein-Jensen

medium, Mac Conkey agar. Distinct colony properties of various bacterial Pathogens.

UNIT-IV No. of hours: 6

Diagnosis of Typhoid, Dengue, HIV and Swine flu using Serological Methods -

Agglutination, ELISA, immunofluorescence, Nucleic acid based methods – PCR, Nucleic

acid Probes.

UNIT-V No. of hours: 6

Importance and determination of sensitivity/resistance of bacteria using disc diffusion

method, Determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of an antibiotic by serial

double dilution method

MBT- 602A DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY


1. Collection, transport and processing of clinical specimens (Blood, Urine, Stool and

Sputum). Receipts, Labeling, recording and dispatching clinical specimens.

2. Isolation of bacteria in pure culture. and Antibiotic sensitivity.

19 | P a g e

3. Identification of common bacteria (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E. coli) by

studying their morpholory, cultural characters, Biochemical reactions, agglutination

and other tests.

4. Maintenance and preservation of stock culture

SUGGESTED READING

1. Ananthanarayan R and Paniker CKJ (2009) Textbook of Microbiology, 8th

edition,

Universities Press Private Ltd.

2. Brooks G.F., Carroll K.C., Butel J.S., Morse S.A. and Mietzner. T.A. (2013) Jawetz,

Melnick and Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology. 26th

edition McGraw Hill

Publication

3. Collee JG, Fraser, AG, Marmion BP. Simmons A (2007) Mackie and Mccartney

Practical Medical Microbiology, 14th

edition, Elsevier.

4. Randhawa, VS, Mehta G and Sharma KB (2009) Practicals and Viva in Medical

Microbiology 2nd

edition, Elsevier India Pvt Ltd

5. Tille P (2013) Bailey’s and Scott’s Diagonistic Microbiology. 13th

edition, Mosby

20 | P a g e


B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) SYLLABUS SEMESTER- VI

Cluster Elective I; Paper- VIII (I)b

MBT- 602 B MICROBIAL QUALITY CONTROL IN FOOD AND

PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES


UNIT - I No. of Hours: 8

Good laboratory practices - Good microbiological practices. Biosafety cabinets - Working of

biosafety cabinets, using protective clothing, specification for BSL-1, BSL-2, BSL-3.

Discarding biohazardous waste - Methodology of Disinfection, Autoclaving & Incineration


Culture and microscopic methods - Standard plate count, Most probable numbers,

Direct microscopic counts, Biochemical and immunological methods: Limulus lysate test

for endotoxin, gel diffusion. Sterility testing for pharmaceutical products.

UNIT- III No. of

Hours: 8

Molecular methods - Nucleic acid probes, PCR based detection, biosensors.

UNIT-IV No. of

Hours: 8

Enrichment culture techniques for detection of specific microorganisms - on XLD agar,

Salmonella Shigella Agar, Manito! salt agar, EMB agar, Mcconkey Agar, Saboraud

Agar. Ascertaining microbial quality of milk by MBRT. Rapid detection methods of

microbiological quality of milk at milk collection centers (COB, 10 min Resazurin assay).

UNIT-V No. of Hours:

4

Hazard analysis of critical control point (HACCP) - Principles, flow diagrams, limitations.

Microbial Standards for Different Foods and Water - BIS standards for common foods and

drinking water. QC&QA, warehousing, sample testing in pharma industry.

MBP- 602B MICROBIAL QUALITY CONTROL IN FOOD AND PHARMACEUTICAL

INDUSTRIES

21 | P a g e


1. Microbiological laboratory safety- General rules & Regulations.

2. Sterility tests for Instruments - Autoclave & Hot Air Oven

3. Disinfection of selected instruments & Equipments

4. Sterility of Air and its relationship to Laboratory & Hospital sepsis.

5. Sterility testing of Microbiological media

6. Sterility testing of Pharmaceutical products -Antibiotics, Vaccines & fluids

7. Standard qualitative analysis of water.

8. Quantitative analysis of water - Membrane filter method

9. Analysis of food samples for Mycotoxins.

SUGGESTED READING

1. Baird RM, Hodges NA and Denyer SP (2005) Handbook of Microbiological

Quality control in Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices, Taylor and Francis Inc.

2. Garg N, Garg KL and Mukerji KG (2010) Laboratory Manual of Food

Microbiology I K International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.

3. Harrigan WF (1998) Laboratory Methods in Food Microbiology, 3rd ed.

Academic Press.

4. Jay JM, Loessner MJ, Golden DA (2005) Modern Food Microbiology, 7th

edition. Springer.

5. Laboratory Exercises in Microbiology, George.A.Wistreich & Max.D.Lechtman, 3 rd

Ed, Glencoe press, London.

6. Manual of diagnostic microbiology, Dr.B.J.Wadher & Dr.G.L.Bhoosreddy,

Firs.Ed. Himalaya publishing house, Nagpur.

7. Microbiology - A laboratory manual, Cappuccino & Sherman, 6th Ed, Pearson

Education.

8. Pharmaceutical Microbiology - Purohit.

9. Pharmaceutical Microbiology- W.B. Hugo.


B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) SYLLABUS SEMESTER -VI

22 | P a g e

Cluster Elective I; Paper- VIII (I)C

MBT- 602C BIOINFORMATICS

TOTAL HOURS: 36

CREDITS: 3

Unit I No. of Hours: 6

RDBMS - Definition of relational database

Mode of data transfer (FTP, SFTP, SCP), advantage of encrypted data transfer

Unit II No. of Hours: 7

Bio-informatics- Its Definitions, Introduction, History. Bioinformatics -

Objectives, Applications, Its need, Scope, Careers. Bioinforrnatics scenario in India &

the rest of the world. Sequences used in Bioinforrnatics- DNA, Protein, RNA. Dawn of

sequencing. Brief understanding of the DNA, Protein, RNA molecules.

Unit-III No. of Hours: 7

Local and Global Sequence alignment, pair wise and multiple sequence alignment.

Scoring an alignment, scoring matrice. Types of phylogenetic trees, Different approaches of

phylogenetic tree construction - UPGMA, Neighbor joining, Maximum Parsimony,

Maximum likelihood.

Unit-IV No. of Hours: 7

Local and Global Sequence alignment, pair wise and multiple sequence

alignment. Scoring an alignment, scoring matrices. Types of phylogenetic trees, Different

approaches of phylogenetic tree construction - UPGMA, Neighbor joining, Maximum

Parsomony, Maximum likelihood.

Unit-V No. of Hours : 9

Diversity of Genomes: Viral, prokaryotic & eukaryotic genomes

Genome, transcriptome, proteome, 2-D gel electrophoresis, Maldi Toff

spectroscopy

Major features of completed genomes: E.coli, S.cerevisiae, Human.

Hierarchy of protein structure - primary, secondary and tertiary structures, modeling

Structural Classes, Motifs, Folds and Domains.

Protein structure prediction in presence and absence of structure template.



23 | P a g e

1. Introduction to different operating systems - UNIX, LINUX and Windows

2. Introduction to bioinformatics databases (any three): NCBJ.

3. Sequence retrieval using BLAST

4. Sequence alignment & phylogenetic analysis using clustal W & Phylip.

5. Picking out a given gene from genomes using Genscan or other softwares (promoter

region identification, repeat in genome, ORF prediction). Gene finding tools (Glimmer,

GENSCAN), Primer designing, Genscan/Genetool.

6. Protein structure prediction: primary structure analysis, secondary structure

prediction using psi-pred, homology modeling usingSwissmodel.

7. Prediction of different features of a functional gene.

SUGGESTED READING

1. Andreas (2004) Bioinformatics- A practical guide to the analysis of genes & protein

2nd ED Baxevanis and Francis Ouellette.

2. Christian Crumlish The internet (1999). BPB publications.

3. K.Mani & N.vijayaraj Bioinformatics for the beginners

4. Lesk M.A.(2008) Introduction to Bioinformatics Oxford Publication, 3rd

International

Student Edition

5. Pennigton & Dunn (2002) Proteomics; Viva books publishers, New Delhi

6. Preeti (2007) Foundations of Computing, 4th ed., BPB Publications

7. Primrose and Twyman (2003) Principles of Genome Analysis & Genomics Blackwell

8. Rastogi S.C., Mendiratta N. and Rastogi P. (2007) Bioinformatics: methods and

applications, genomics, proteomics and drug discovery, 2nd ed. Prentice Hall India

Publication

9. Saxena Sanjay (2003) A First Course in Computers, Vikas Publishing

HousePradeep and Sinha

10. T.K.Altwood, D.J.Parry-smith (2004) Introduction to Bioinformatics Pears

Education.



24 | P a g e

SEMISTER-VI

Elective II: Paper- VIII (Il)a

MBT- 603 A MICROBES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE


Unit-I No.of Hours: 8

Soil as Microbial Habitat, Soil properties. Diversity and distribution of microorganisms in

soil. Mineralization of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, phosphate, nitrate.

Unit II No of Hours: 6

Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, nitric oxide - production and control

Unit III No of hours: 6

Agri-composting and vermi-composting

UNIT IV No of Hours: 8

Plant growth promoting bacteria, biofertilizers - symbiotic (Bradyrhizobium, Rhizobium,

Frankia), Non Symbiotic (Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Mycorrhizae, MHBs, Phosphate

solubilizers, algae). Novel combination of microbes as bio fertilizers, PGPRs

UNIT V No of Hours: 6

Biotech feed, Silage, Biomanure, biogas, biofuels - advantages and processing parameters.

Advantages, social and environmental aspects of GM crops, Bt crops, golden rice.

MBP- 603 A MICROBES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE


1. Study of soil profile

2. Study of micro flora of different types of soils

3. Rhizobium as soil inoculants characteristics and field application

4. Azotobacter as soil inoculants characteristics and field application

5. Design and functioning of a biogas plant

6. Isolation of cellulose degrading organisms

SUGGESTED READINGS

1.Agrios GN. (2006). Plant Pathology. 5th edition. Academic press, San Diego,

25 | P a g e

2.Singh RS. (1998). Plant Diseases Management. 7th edition. Oxford &IBH, New

Delhi.

3.Glick BR, Pasternak JJ, and Patten CL (2010) Molecular Biotechnology 4th edition,

ASM Press.

4.Atlas RM and Bartha R. (2000). Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals & Applications.

4th edition. Benjamin/Cummings Science Publishing, USA

5.Maier RM, Pepper IL and Gerba CP. (2009). Environmental

Microbiology. 2nd edition, Academic Press

6. Barton LL & Northup DE (2011). Microbial Ecology. 1st edition, Wiley

Blackwell, USA

7.Campbell RE. (1983). Microbial Ecology. Blackwell Scientific Publication,

Oxford, England.

8.Coyne MS. (2001). Soil Microbiology: An Exploratory Approach. Delmar

Thomson Learning.

9.Altman A (1998). Agriculture Biotechnology, !st edition, Marcel decker Inc.

10. Mahendra K. Rai (2005). Hand Book of Microbial Biofertilizers, The Haworth

Press Inc. Ltd

11. Saleem F and Shakoori AR (2012) Development of Bioinsecticide, Lap Lambert

Academic Publishing GmbH KG


B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) SYLLABUS SEMISTER-VI

Cluster Elective II; Paper- VIII (II) b

26 | P a g e

MBT- 603 B BIOFERTILIZERS AND BIOPESTICIDES



Advantages of biofertlizers over chemical fertilizers. Symbiotic N2 fixers: Rhizobium -

Isolation, characteristics, types, inoculum production and field application, legume/pulses

plants.

Frankia from non-legumes and characterization.

Cyanobacteria from Azolla, characterization, mass multiplication, Role in rice cultivation,

Crop response, field application.

UNIT - II No of Hours: 6

Free living Azospirillum, Azotobacter - isolation, characteristics, mass inoculum

production and field application.

UNIT - III No of Hours: 6

Phosphate solubilizing microbes - Isolation, characterization, mass inoculum production,

field application

UNIT-IV No of Hours: 7

Importance of mycorrizal inoculum, types of mycorrhizae and associated plants, Mass

inoculums production of VAM, field applications of Ectomycorrhizae and VAM.

UNIT-V No of Hours: 7

General account of microbes used as bioinsecticides and their advantages over synthetic

pesticides. Bacillus thuringiensis - production, Field applications. Viruses - NPV cultivation

and field applications

MBP- 603 B BIOFERTILIZERS AND BIOPESTICIDES


1. Isolation of Rhizobium from root nodules.

2. Isolation of phosphate solubilizers from soil

3. Staining and observation of VAM

4. A visit to biofertilizer production unit. SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Agarwal SK (2005) Advanced Environmental Biotechnology, APH publication.

2. Kannaiyan, S. (2003). Biotechnology of Biofertilizers, CHIPS, Texas.

27 | P a g e

3. Mahindra K. Rai (2005). Hand book of Microbial biofertilizers, The Haworth

Press, Inc. New York.

4. Reddy, S.M. et. al. (2002). Bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture and

forestry, Scientific Publishers.

5. Salem F and Shakoori AR (2012) Development of Bioinsecticide, Lap Lambert


6. Subba Rao N.S (1995) Soil microorganisms and plant growth Oxford and IBH

publishing co. Pvt. Ltd. NewDelhi.



SEMISTER-VI

Cluster Elective II; Paper- VIII (II)C

MBT- 603 C MUSHROOM CULTIVATION


Unit I No of Hours: 8

History and scope of mushroom cultivation. Types of edible mushrooms available in India.

Mushroom morphology. Different parts of a typical mushroom & variations in mushroom

morphology. Button, Paddy straw& Oyster- General Morphology, distinguishing

characteristics.


Classification Based on occurrence, natural habitats, color of spores, morphology of fruiting

layers, Structure and texture of fruiting bodies. Key to differentiate edible from Poisonous

mushrooms. Economic importance of edible mushrooms.

Unit III No of Hours: 10

Cultivation of Button, Oyster and Paddy straw Mushrooms: Collection of raw materials,

compost & composting, spawn & spawning, casing & case run, cropping, picking & packing,

marketing.

Unit IV No of Hours: 6

Nutritional profile of mushrooms, health benefits of mushrooms. Mushroom Toxins and

illness, mushroom recipes.

Unit V No of Hours: 6

28 | P a g e

Effect of physical and chemical factors on the growth of mushrooms. Crop management

during spawn running, casing to mushroom period, the cropping period. Post harvest

management.

MBT- 603 C MUSHROOM CULTIVATION PRACTICAL


1. Microscopic and anatomical observations of different mushroom species ..

2. Preparation of spawn under controlled conditions(preparation of mother spawn

in saline bottle and polypropylene bag and their multiplication

3. Types of Compost preparation and sterilization.

4. Mushroom bed preparation - paddy straw, sugarcane trash, maize straw, banana

leaves/waste.

5. Spawning, casing, Cropping and harvesting.

6. Substrate preparation, bed preparation, spawning and cropping.

7. Diseases of mushrooms (photographs).

8. Visit to relevant Labs/Field Visits

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Mushroom Cultivation, Tripathi, D.P.(2005) Oxford &IBH Publishing Co.

PVT.LTD, New Delhi.

2. Mushroom Production and Processing Technology, Pathak Yadav Gour (2010)

Published by Agrobios (India).

3. A hand book of edible mushroom, S.Kannaiyan& K.Ramasamy (1980). Today &

Tomorrows printers & publishers, New Delhi

4. Handbook on Mushrooms, Nita Bahl, oxford & IBH Publishing Co.

5. Marimuthu, T. Krishnamoorthy, A.S. Sivaprakasam, K. and Jayarajan. (1991)

Oyster Mushrooms, Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural

University, Coimbatore.

6. Swaminathan, M. (1990) Food and Nutrition. Bappco, The Bangalore - 560018

7. Tewari, Pankaj Kapoor, S.C., (1988). Mushroom cultivation, Mittal Publications,

Delhi. 47 4. Nita Bahl (1984-1988)

8. Hand book of Mushrooms, II Edition, Vol. I & Vol. II. 5.Biswas, S., M. Datta and

S.V. Ngachan. 2011.

29 | P a g e

9. Mushrooms: A Manual for Cultivation. PHI learning private Ltd., New Delhi, India.

10. Chang, S. and P.G. Miles. 2004. Mushrooms: cultivation, nutritional value,

medicinal effect, and environmental impact. CRC Press. USA.

30 | P a g e

REVISED SYLLABUS

&

PATTERN OF QUESTION PAPER

AFTER BOARD OF STUDIES MEETING

31 | P a g e

D.K. Govt.College (Autonomous), Nellore

B.Sc Microbiology (CBCS) Syllabus

First Year- SEMESTER-I

INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL DIVERSITY


UNIT-I No.of hours :10

History and mile stones in Microbiology

Contributions of Antony Von Leewenhock, Edward Jenner, Louis Pasteur,

Robert Koch, Ivanowsky, Beijerinck, Winogradsky

Importance and applications of microbiology

Classification of Microorganisms_ Haeckel’s three ki9ngdom concept,

Whittaker’s five kingdom concept, three domain concept of Carl woese

Outline classification of bacteria as per the second edition fo Bergey’s manual

of systematic Bacteriology( up to classes only)

UNIT-II No.of hours: 10

General characteristics of Bacteria, Archea, mycoplasmas, Cyanobacteria,

Algae, Fungi & Protozoa.

Ultra structure of Prokaryotic cell- Variant components and invariant

components.

Composition and detailed structure of gram positive and gram negative cell

wall, Endospore.

UNIT-III No.of hours: 10

Principles of microscopy – Bright field phase contrast and E lectron

microscopy.

General Characteristics of viruses.

Morphology, Structure and replication of TMV and HIV.

Replications of Bacteriophage ( T4).

32 | P a g e

UNIT-IV No.of hours: 8

Isolation of Microorganisms from natural habitats

Pure culture techniques- dilution-plating, streak –plate, Spread-plate, Pour-plate

and Enrichment culturing

Preservation of microbial cultures- subculturing, overlaying cultures with

mineral oils, lyophilisation, sand cultures, storage at low temperature.

Cultivation of viruses- Tissue culture and embryonated egg.

UNIT - VNo.of hours: 10

Staining Techniques-simple and differential (Gram staining and Spore staining)

Hanging drop method

Sterilization and disinfection techniques- Physical methods- autoclave, hot-air

oven, Radiation methods-UV rays, Gamma rays

Chemical methods- alcohols, phenols, Aldehydes, fumigants; Filtration methods

HEPA Filters- Laminar Airflow Micropore filtration.

Text books:

1.An introduction to microbiology , A.P.Telugu Academy

2.Introduction to Microbiology- R.P. Singh

3. Pelczar, M.J., Chan, E.C.S, and Kreig, N.R. (1993). Microbiology. 5th

Edition

Reference books

1.Atlas, R.A. and Bartha.R (2000). Microbial Ecology. Fundamentals and

Application, Benjamin Cumings, New York.

2. Dube, R.C. and Maheswari, D.K. (2000) General Microbiology. S Chand,

New Delhi.Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai.

3. Madigan, M.T. Martinkl, J.M. and Parker, J. (2010). Brock Biology of

Microorganisms, 9th

Edition. MacMillan Prwess, England.

33 | P a g e

4.Prescott, M.J., Harley, J.P and Klein, D.A.(2010).Microbiology. 5th Edition

WCB Mc GrawHill, New York.

5.Singh, R.P.(2007) General Microbiology ,Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

6.Ram Reddy, S. And Reddy, S.M.(2007) Essentials of virology.Scientific

Publishers, India, Jodhpur.

Practical Syllabus

First semester

MBP-101 INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL

DIVERSITY

Total Hours:48 CREDITS:2

1.Microbiology good laboratory practices and Biosafety.

2.Preparation of culture media for cultivation of bacteria, fungi

3.Sterilization of medium using Autoclave

4.Sterilization of glassware using Hot Air Oven

5.Light Compound microscope and its handling

6. Simple staining, Gram Staining

7. Lactophenol cotton blue staining for Fungi

8.Microscopic observation of bacteria(Gram +ve bacilli and cocci, Gram –ve

bacilli), Cyanobacteria,Algae and Fungi

9. Hanging - drop method

10. Isolation of pure cultures of bacteria by plating methods

11. Diagrammatic or Electron photomicrographic observation of TMV,HIV, T4

Phage and adenovirus.

34 | P a g e


B.Sc Microbiology (CBCS) Syllabus

First Year- SEMESTER-II

MICROB IAL BIOCHEMISTRY & METABOLISM

TOTAL HOURS: 48 CREDITS : 4

UNIT- I No.of.Hours: 10

Out line classification and general characteristics of Carbohydrates

(monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides).

General characteristic of amino acids and proteins

Structure of nitrogenous bases, nucleotides , nucleic acids

Fatty acids(saturated and unsaturated), Lipids(Spingo lipids, sterols and

phospholipids)

UNIT- IINo.of.Hours: 10

Principle and applications of colorimetry , Spectrophoptometry (UV, Visible)

Chromatography(paper, thin-layer and Column)

Principle and applications of Centrifugation

Electrophoresis (Agarose , SDS, Native Gel).

UNIT- III No.of Hours:10

Properties of enzymes- Simple, Conjugated; Coenzymes, Cofactors,

IUB system of enzyme classification

Mechanism of enzyme action

Factors effecting catalytic activity

Inhibition of enzyme activity- Competetive, non competitive, incompetitive

and allosteric

35 | P a g e

UNIT- IVNo.of.Hours: 8

Microbial Nutrition-Nutritional requirements and uptake of nutrients by cells

Nutritional groups of microorganisms- autotrophs, heterotrophs, mixotrophs and

methylotrophs

Growth media- synthetic, complex, selective, enrichment and differential media.

Microbial Growth- different phases of growth in batch cultures, Synchronous,

continuous, biphasic growth ; Factors influencing microbial growth.

Methods for measuring microbial growth- direct microscopy, Viable count

estimates, turbidometry and biomass.

Anaplerotic reactions.

UNIT- V No.of.Hours:10

Aerobic respiration- Glycolysis, HMP pathway, ED pathway, TCA Cycle,

Electron transport, oxidative and substrate level phosphorylation

Anaerobic respiration, Fermentation- Alcohol and lactic acid fermentations

Outlines of oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis in bacteria (Light reaction,

Cyclic & Noncyclic photophosphorylation) Calvin cycle.

Text books:

1.Text book of Microbiology(Microbiology Physiology and Genetics, Telugu

Academy)

2. Microbiology Physiology and Genetics- R.P.Singh.

3. General Microbiology- pelczar

4. Biochemistry – U. Satyanarayana

36 | P a g e

Reference Books:

1. Lehninger,A.L., Nelson, D.L. and Cox, M.M.(1993). Principles

ofBiochemistry, 2nd

Edition, CBS Publishers and Distributors, New

Delhi.

2. Madigan M.T., Martinkl, J.M. and Parker, J. 92010). Brock Biology

ofMicroorganisms, 9th

Edition, Mac Millan Press, England.

3. Prescott, M.J., Harley, J.P and Klein, d.A.(2010). Microbiology. 5th

edition, WCB Mc Graw Hill.

4. Reddy, S.R.and Reddy, S.M.(2004). Microbial Physiology, Scientific

Publishers, Jodhpur, India.

Practical syllabus

second semester

MBT-201: MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY & METABOLISM


1. Qualitative analysis of Carbohydrates

2. Qualitative analysis of Amino acids

3. Colorimetric estimation of DNA by Diphenyl amine method

4. Colorimetric estimation of proteins of Biuret method

5. Paper chromatographic separation of sugars and amino acids

6. Turbidometric measurement of bacterial growth

7. Setting and observation of winogradsky column

8. Bacterial growth curve

9. Factors effecting bacterial growth- Ph

10. Factors effecting bacterial growth- Temperature

11. factors effecting bacterial growth- Salts

37 | P a g e

D.K. Government Autonomous College for women : Nellore

Pattern of Question Paper

Time : 3 HoursMax Marks: 70

SECTION-I

I. Answer any five of the following questions

( Knowledge or Application or understanding or analysis)

Short Answers 5 out of 8 questions

5X4=20

Marks

SECTION-II (Essay type Questions) 5X10= 50 Marks

9.Answer any one of the following questions

(Knowledge / application)

One out of two Questions I Unit

10 Marks

10. Answer any one of the following questions

(Understanding )

One out of two questions II Unit

10 Marks

11. Answer any one of the following questions

(Knowledge, Evaluatiuon and Application)

One out of two questions III Unit

10 Marks

12.

Answer any one of the following questions

(Understanding and Application)

One out of two questions IV Unit

10 Marks

13.

Answer any one of the following questions

(Understanding and Application)

One out of two questions V Unit

10 Marks

38 | P a g e


Model Question Paper

I B.Sc Semester – I

Paper-I Introduction to Microbiology and Microbial diversity

Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 70

Section – I

Answer any 5 questions. Each question carries 4 marks 5X4=20 marks

1. Koch’s postulates

2. How radiation can be used for sterilizing the objects

3. Give a short note on mode of characteristics of mycoplasma

4. Write a short note on mode of reproduction in moulds

5. Describe the structure of TMV

6. Enrichment culturing

7. Classification of fungi

8. Micropore filtration

Section II

Answer ALL questions. Each question carries 10 marks 5X10 = 50 marks

9. List out the contributions of Antony von Leeuwen hock and Edward Jenner

(or)

10. Give an account on the classification proposed by Haeckel and Whittaker.

11. Write a note on general characteristics of mycoplasma and cyanobacteria

(or)

12. Give an account on variant components of prokaryotes.

13. Write an essay on general characteristics and classification of viruses

(or)

14. Write the principle and functioning of electron microscope.

15. Write an essay on any two differential staining techniques

(or)

16. Define sterilization? Write a detailed account on chemical methods of sterilization.

17. Write a note on pure culture techniques?

(or)

18. Describe various methods of preservation of pure cultures.

39 | P a g e



I B.Sc Semester – II

Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolism


Section – I

Answer any 5 questions. Each question carries 4 marks 5X 4=20marks

1. Amino acids

2. Co enzymes and cofactors

3. Applications of spectrophotometry

4. Ultra centrifugation

5. Mixotrophs

6. Synchronous culture

7. ED pathway

8. Anaerobic respiration

Section II

Answer ALL questions. Each question carries 10 marks 5X10=50 marks

9. What are carbohydrates ? Give outline classification of carbohydrates

(or)

10. Write a note on sphigno lipids and phospho lipids

11. What is the principle of working of calorimeter? Give its applications.

(or)

12. What is Gel electrophoresis? Write about its applications

13. Define nutrition? Explain the diversity in nutritional requirement of microorganisms

with example

(or)

14. Describe the methods for measuring microbial growth

15. Define enzyme? Write a note on various properties of enzymes

(or)

16. Write a detailed account on various factors of enzymes which effect catalytic activity

of enzymes

17. Give an account on TCA cycle

(or)

18. Write briefly about alcohol and lactic acid fermentation

40 | P a g e

D.K.Govt Degree College for Women, Nellore

Department of Microbiology

Microbiology Practical Examination (Model Paper)

Answer all questions Max marks:50 M

I. Major Experiment (20 Marks)

II. Minor Experiment (10 Marks)

III. Identify the spotters and write a brief note on them. (5X2=10 Marks)

A.

B.

IV. Record (5 Marks)

V. Viva-voce (5 Marks)

41 | P a g e


SECOND YEAR – SEMESTER- III MBT- 301 MICROBIAL GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

TOTAL HOURS:48 CREDITS: 4


Nucleic acids – DNA and structure, and types of RNA and organization of

prokaryotic DNA.

Extrachromosomal genetic elements – Plasmids (sexplasmid, drug resistance

plasmid,colicinogenic plasmid,Ti plasmid ) and transposons ( Insertion

sequences, composite transposons, Tn3 transposons, retrosposons )

Replication of DNA – Semi conservative mechanism, Enzymes involved in

replication.

UNIT-II No.of hours: 10

Mutations – spontaneous and induced, base pair changes, frame shifts,

deletions, inversions, tandem duplications, insertions.

Mutagens - Physical and Chemical mutagens.

Outlines of DNA damage and repair mechanisms (photoreactivation ,

Excision repair , Recombination repair , SOS repair )

Genetic recombination in bacteria – Conjugation, Transformation and

Transduction.


Concept of gene – Traditional and Modern - Muton, Recon and Cistron.

One gene one enzyme and one gene one polypeptide hypotheses.

Types of RNA and their functions.

Genetic code.


Structure of prokaryotic promoters, RNA polymerases, Transcription and

translation.

Regulation of gene expression in bacteria – lac operon.


Basic principles of genetic engineering.

42 | P a g e

Restriction endonucleases, DNA polymerases and ligases.

Vectors – PBR 322

, PUC 101

Polymerase chain reaction. Genomic and cDNA

libraries.

Outlines of gene cloning methods.

General account on application of genetic engineering in industry,

agriculture and medicine.

1. Study of different types of DNA and RNA using micrographs and model /

schematic representations

2. Study of semi-conservative replication of DNA through micrographs /

schematic representations

3. Isolation of genomic DNA from bacteria(Demonstration)

4. Estimation of DNA using UV spectrophotometer. (Demonstration)

5. Resolution and visualization of DNA by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis.

6. Complement cell preparation, Transformation.

7. Problems related to Molecular biology.

8. Induction of mutations in bacteria by UV light.

9. Instrumentation in molecular biology – Ultra centrifuge, Transilluminator,

PCR (through Photographs), Gel electrophoresis apparatus, Microfuge, Gel doc.

SUGGESTED READING

Crueger, W. and Crueger, A. (2000). Biotechnology: A Text Book of Industrial

Microbiology, PrenticeHall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

Freifelder, D. (1990). Microbial Genetics. Narosa Publishing House, New

Delhi.

Freifelder, D. (1997). Essentials of Molecular Biology. Narosa Publishing

House, New Delhi.

Glazer, A.N. and Nikaido, H. (1995). Microbial Biotechnology – Fundamentals

of Applied Microbiology, W.H. Freeman and company, New York.

Glick, B.P. and Pasternack, J. (1998). Molecular Biotechnology, ASM Press,

Washington D.C., USA.

Kannan, N. (2003). Hand Book of Laboratory Culture Medias, Reagents, Stains

and Buffers. Panima Publishing Co., New Delhi.

Lewin, B. (2000). Genes VIII. Oxford University Press, England

Maloy, S.R., Cronan, J.E. and Freifelder, D. (1994). Microbial Genetics, Jones

and Bartlett Publishers, London.

Nicholl, D.S.T. (2004). An Introduction to Genetic Engineering. 2 nd Edition.

Cambridge University Press, London.

Old, R.W. and Primrose, S.B. (1994) Principles of Gene Manipulation,

Blackwell Science Publication, New York.

43 | P a g e

Ram Reddy, S., Venkateshwarlu, K. and Krishna Reddy, V. (2007) A text Book

of Molecular Biotechnology. Himalaya Publishers, Hyderabad.

Sinnot E.W., L.C. Dunn and T. Dobzhansky. (1958). Principles of Genetics. 5

th Edition. McGraw Hill, New York.

Smith, J.E. (1996). Biotechnology, Cambridge University Press.

Snyder, L. and Champness, W. (1997). Molecular Genetics of Bacteria. ASM

press,

Strickberger, M.W. (1967). Genetics. Oxford & IBH, New Delhi.

Turner, P.C., Mclennan, A.G., Bates, A.D. and White, M.R.H. (1998). Instant

Notes in Molecular Biology, Viva Books Pvt., Ltd., New Delhi.

Twynan, R.M. (2003). Advanced Molecular Biology. Viva books Pvt. Ltd. New

Delhi.

Verma, P.S. and Agarwal, V.K. (2004). Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular

Biology, Evolution and Ecology. S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi.

Semester III

Microbiology Practical Examination ( Model Paper)


IV. Major Experiment (20 Marks)

V. Minor Experiment (10 Marks)

VI. Identify the spotters and write a brief note on them. (5X2=10

Marks)

A.

B.


VI. Viva-voce (5 Marks)

44 | P a g e

B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) SYLLABUS SECOND YEAR –

SEMESTER- IV MBT- 401 IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY



Types of immunity – innate and acquired; active and passive; humoral and

cell-mediated immunity.

Primary and secondary organs of immune system – thymus, bursa fabricus,

bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes.

Cells of immune system. - B and T lymphocytes, null cells, monocytes,

macrophages, neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils.


Antigens – types, chemical nature, antigenic determinants, haptens.

Factors affecting antigenicity.

immunoglobulin – basic structure, types, properties and functions of

immunoglobulins.

Concept of hypersensitivity and Autoimmunity.

Types of antigen-antibody reactions - Agglutinations, Precipitation,

Neutralization, complement fixation, blood groups.

Labeled antibody based techniques – ELISA, RIA and Immunoflouroscence.

Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies production and applications


Normal flora of human body.

Host pathogen interactions: infection, invasion, pathogen, pathogenicity,

virulence and opportunistic infection.

General account on nosocomial infection.

General principles of diagnostic microbiology- collection, transport and

processing of clinical samples.

General methods of laboratory diagnosis - cultural, biochemical, serological

and molecular methods.


Antibacterial Agents- Penicillin, Streptomycin and Tetracycline.

Antifungal agents – Amphotericin B, Griseofulvin

Antiviral substances - Amantadine and Acyclovir

45 | P a g e

Tests for antimicrobial susceptibility.

Brief account on antibiotic resistance in bacteria - Methicillin-resistant

Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Vaccines – Natural and recombinant.


General account of microbial diseases – causal organism, pathogenesis,

epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment

Bacterial diseases – Tuberculosis and Typhoid

Fungal diseases – Candidiasis.

Protozoal diseases – Malaria.

Viral Diseases - Hepatitis- B and AIDS

MBP- 401 IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY


1. Identification of human blood groups.

2. Separate serum from the blood sample (demonstration).

3. Estimation of blood haemoglobin.

4. Total RBC Count of the given blood sample

5. Differential Leukocyte Count of the given blood sample.

6. immunodiffusion by Ouchterlony double diffusion method.

7. Identify bacteria (E. coli, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Bacillus) using laboratory

techniques on the basis of cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics: IMViC,

urease production and catalase tests.

8. Isolation of bacterial flora of skin by swab method.

9. Antibacterial sensitivity by Kirby-Bauer method. Identifiation of diseases based on

the symptoms.

10. Study symptoms of the diseases with the help of photographs: Anthrax,

Polio, Herpes, chicken pox, HPV warts, Dermatomycoses (ring worms)

11. Study of various stages of malarial parasite in RBCs using permanent mounts.

46 | P a g e

Suggested test books.

1. Immunology by Nandinicretly .

2. Text book of Microbiology y R Anantanarayana.

Suggested Reading

Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S. (2007). Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 6th

edition Saunders Publication, Philadelphia.

Ananthanarayan R. and Paniker C.K.J. (2009) Textbook of Microbiology. 8th

edition,

University Press Publication

Brooks G.F., Carroll K.C., Butel J.S., Morse S.A. and Mietzner, T.A. (2013)

Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology. 26th edition. McGraw Hill

Publication

Delves P, Martin S, Burton D, Roitt IM. (2006). Roitt’s Essential Immunology.11th

edition Wiley-Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford.

Goering R., Dockrell H., Zuckerman M. and Wakelin D. (2007) Mims’ Medical

Microbiology. 4th edition. Elsevier

Goldsby RA, Kindt TJ, Osborne BA. (2007). Kuby’s Immunology. 6th edition W.H.

Freeman and Company, New York.

Kuby’s Immunology. 6th edition W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.

Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology. 26th edition. McGraw Hill

Microbiology. 4th edition. Elsevier Publication

Richard C and Geiffrey S. (2009). Immunology. 6th edition. Wiley Blackwell Publication.

Willey JM, Sherwood LM, and Woolverton CJ. (2013) Prescott, Harley and Klein’s

Microbiology. 9th edition. McGraw Hill Higher Education

47 | P a g e

Semester IV

Microbiology Practical Examination ( Model Paper)


I. Major Experiment (20 Marks)

II. Minor Experiment (10 Marks)

III. Identify the spotters and write a brief note on them. (5X2=10

Marks)

A.

B.


VII. Viva-voce (5 Marks)

48 | P a g e



II B.Sc Semester – III


Section – I

Answer any four questions. 4X 5=20 Marks

1. Plasmids

2. Topoisomersases

3. DNA damage

4. Ribosomes

5. One gene one enzyme hypothesis

6. Prokaryotic promoters

7. PBR 322

8. c DNA libraries

Section – II

Answer ALL questions. Each question carries 8 marks 5X 8=40 Marks

9. Define Nucleic acids? Write a note on double helical structure of DNA

(or)

10.Define replication? Describe briefly about the enzymes involved in

replication

11.Write a detailed note on types of mutations

(or)

12.Write an essay on Transformation and Transduction

13.Write a note on types of RNA and their functions

(or)

14.Write a note on Genetic Code

15.Write a detailed account on RNA polymerases

49 | P a g e

(or)

16.Define Operon concept? Write a note on lac- operon

17.Write a detailed account on restriction endo nucleases

(or)

18.Write a general account on applications of genetic engineering in

agriculture and medicine



II B.Sc Semester – IV


Section – I

Answer any four questions 4X 5=20 Marks

1. Cell mediated immunity

2. Neutrophils, Basiophils

3. Auto immunity

4. Monoclonal antibodies

5. Normal flora of skin

6. Cultural methods of laboratory diagnosis

7. Anti-fungal agents

8. MRSA

50 | P a g e

Section – II

Answer ALL questions. Each question carries 8 marks5X 8=40 Marks

9. Define immunity? Write a note on innate and acquired immunity

(or)

10. Write a note on primary organs of immune system

11. Define immunoglobulin? Write a detailed note on types of

immunoglobulins

(or)

12. Write an essay on labelled antibody based techniques

13. Write a general account on Nosocomial infections

(or)

14. Write a note on general principles of diagnostic microbiology

15. Give a general account on antibacterial agents

(or)

16. Give a detailed account on various tests for antimicrobial susceptibility

17. General account on causal organism, pathogenesis,

epidemiology,diagnosis,prevention and treatment of Tuberculosis and

Typhoid

(or)

18. Write a note on Hepatitis B and AIDS

D.K.GOVT. COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) FOR WOMEN, NELLORE




SEMESTER- V

51 | P a g e


52 | P a g e



SEMESTER- VI

Paper- VIIA

MBT – 601A MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY



Microbial Biotechnology: Scope and its applications in human therapeutics and environment

(Bioremediation of Xenobiotics).

Genetically engineered microbes for industrial application: Bacteria and yeast


RecombinantmicrobialproductionprocessesinPharmaceuticalindustries - Streptokinase

Recombinant vaccines (Hepatitis B vaccine).

Microbial polysaccharides, polyesters and Bioplastics.

Microbial biosensors.


Microbial based transformation of steroids.

Biocatalytic processes and their industrial applications: Production of high

fructose corn syrup and Production of cocoa butter substitute.

Immobilization methods and their application.


Bioethanol and Biodiesel production: commercial production from lignocellulosic waste and

algal biomass.

Biogas production: Methane production using microbial culture.

Bio leaching.


Outlines of Intellectual Property Rights: Patents. Copyrights, Trademarks

53 | P a g e

MBP- 601A MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY


1. Yeast cell immobilization in calcium alginate gels

2. Pigment production from fungi / bacteria

3. Isolation of protease/ xylanase / lipase producing bacteria

4. Study of algal Single Cell Proteins.

SUGGESTED READING

Crueger W, Crueger A (1990) Biotechnology: A text Book of Industrial Microbiology 2nd

edition Sinauer associates, Inc.

Demain,A.L and Davies,J.E.(1999).Manual of industrial Microbiology and

Biotechnology, 2nd

Edition, ASM Press.

Glazer AN and Nikaido H (2007) Microbial Biotechnology, 2nd

edition. Cambridge

University Press

Glick BR, Pasternak JJ, and Patten CL (2010) Molecular Biotechnology 4th

edition, ASM

Press

Gupta PK (2009) Elements of Biotechnology 2nd

edition, Rastogi Publications

Prescott, Harley and Klein’s Microbiology by Willey JM. Sherwood LM,

Woolverton CJ (2014),9th

edition, Mc Graw Hill Publishers.

Ratledge, C and Kristiansen, B. (2001). Basic Biotechnology. 2nd

Edition, Cambridge

University Press.

Stanbury PF, Whitaker A, Hall SJ. (1995) Principles of FermentationTechnology 2nd

edition., Elsevier Science

Swartz, J. R. (2001). Advances in Escherichia coli production of therapeutic proteins.

Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 12, 195-201.

54 | P a g e



SEMESTER- VI

Paper- VII B

MBT.601 B ADVANCES IN MICROBIOLOGY



Salient features of sequenced microbial genomes, core genome pool, flexible genome pool

and concept of pangenome. Evolution of bacterial virulence - Genomic islands, Pathogenicity

islands (PAI) and their characteristics.


Brief history and development of Metagenomics. Understanding bacterial diversity using

metagenomics approach. Prospecting genes of biotechnological importance using

metagenomics. Basic knowledge of viral metagenome, meta transcriptomics, metaproteomics

and metabolomics


Epiphytic fitness and its mechanism in plant pathogens. Hypersensitive response (HR) to

plant pathogens and its mechanism. Type three secretion systems (TTSS) of plant and animal

pathogens.


Biofilms: Types of microorganisms, molecular aspects and significance in environment,

health care, virulence and antimicrobial resistance


Networking in biological systems, Quorum sensing in bacteria. Co-ordinated regulation of

bacterial virulence factors. Basics of synthesis of poliovirus in laboratory. Future implications

of synthetic biology with respect to bacteria and viruses.

55 | P a g e

MBP- 6018 ADVANCES IN MICROBIOLOGY

TOTAL HOURS:36 CREDITS:2

1. Extraction of metagenomic DNA from soil

2. To understand the impediments in extracting metagenomic DNA from soil

3.PCR amplification of metagenomic DNA using universal l6s ribosomal gene primers

4. Case study to understand how the poliovirus genome was synthesized in the laboratory

5.Case study to understand how networking of metabolic pathways in bacteria takes Place

SUGGESTED READING

10. Fraser CM, Read TD and Nelson KE. Microbial Genomes, 2004. Humana Press

11. Miller RV and Day MJ. Microbial Evolution-Gene establishment, survival and exchange,

2004, ASM Press

12. Bull AT. Microbial Diversity and Bioprospecting, 2004, ASM Press.

13. Sangdun C. Introduction to Systems Biology, 2007. Humana Press

14. Klipp E, Liebermeister W. Systems Biology - A Textbook. 2009. Wiley -VCH Verlag

15. Caetano-Anolles G. Evolutionary Genomics and systems Biology, 2010, John WileY and

Sons

16. Madigan MT, Martink JM, Dunlap PV and Clark DP (2014) Brook’s Biology of

Microorganisms, 14th edition. Pearson-Bejamin Cumming Wilson BA, Salyers AA

Whitt DD and Winkler ME (2011) Bacterial Pathogenesis- A molecular Approach, 3rd

edition. ASM Press.

17. Bouarab K, Brisson and Daayf F (2009) Molecular Plant-Microbe interaction CAB

International.

18. Voit EO (2072) A First Course in Systems Biolory. Ist edition.Garland Science



SEMESTER- VI

Paper- VII C

MBT.601 C INSTRUMENTATION AND BIOTECHNIQUES

TOTAL HOURS: 36

CREDITS: 3

UNIT-I No. of Hours: 6

Bright field and dark field microscopy. Fluorescence Microscopy, Phase contrastMicroscopy,

Confocal Microscopy and Micrometry.

56 | P a g e

UNIT-II No. of Hours:8

Principles and applications of paper chromatography (including Descending and 2-D)

Column packing and fraction collection. Gel filtration chromatography, ion-exchange

chromatography. GLC and HPLC.


Principle and applications of native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS- polyacrylamide

gel electrophoresis, 2D gel electrophoresis and Isoelectric focusing.


Principle and applications of study of absorption Spectra of bimolecular.

Analysis of bimolecular using UV and visible range. Turbidometry


Preparative and analytical centrifugation, fixed angle and swinging bucket rotors. RCF and

sedimentation coefficient, differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation and

ultracentrifugation.

MBP-601C INSTRUMENTATION AND BIOTECHNIQUES (PRACTICAL)


12. Study of fluorescent micrographs to visualize bacterial cells.

13. Ray diagrams of phase contrast microscopy and Electron microscopy.

14. Separation of mixtures by paper / thin layer chromatograph

15. Demonstration of column packing in any form of column chromatography

16. Separation protein mixtures by any form of chromatography.

17. Separation of protein mixtures by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

(PAGE).

18. Determination of maxλ foran unknown sample and calculation of extinction

coefficient.

19. Separation of components of a given mixture using a laboratory scale centrifuge.

20. Understanding density gradient centrifugation with the help of pictures

21. Estimation of DNA by diphenyl amine method.

22. Estimation of protein by Lowry method.

57 | P a g e

SUGGESTED READING

7. Nelson DL and Cox MM. (2008). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry,5th

Ed.,

W.H. Freeman and Company.

8. Willey MJ, Sherwood LM & Woolverton C J. (2013). Prescott. Harley and Klein’s

Microbiology. 9th

Ed., McGraw Hill.

9. Karp G. (2010) Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. 6th

edition.

John Wiley & Sons. Inc.

10. De Robertis EDP and De Robertis EMF. (2006). cell and Molecular Biology.8th

edition. Lipincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.

11. Cooper G.M. and Hausman R.E. (2009). The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 5th

Edition. ASM Press& Sunderland, Washington D.C., Sinauer Associates, MA.

12. Nigam A and Ayyagari A. 2007. Lab Manual in Biochemistry. Immunolory and

Biotechnology. Tata McGraw Hill.



SEMESTER-VI

Cluster Elective I; Paper- VIII (I)A

MBT- 602 A DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY



Causative agent and symptoms of Bacterial, Viral, Fungal and Protozoan Diseases of various

human body systems: nervous (Meningitis, Encephalitis, Cryptococcosis, Trypanosomiasis)

respiratory (Tuberculosis, Influenza, Histoplasmosis, toxoplasmosis), gastrointestinal

(typhoid. Hepatitis, Candidiasis, amoebiasis), urogenital systems ( Nongonococcal urethritis,

Genital herpes, candidiasis Trichomoniasis). Disease associated clinical samples for

diagnosis.


Collection of clinical samples (oral cavity, throat, skin, blood, CSF, urine and faeces) and

precautions required. Method of transport of clinical samples to laboratory and storage.


Examination of sample by staining-Gramstain.Ziehl-Neelson staining for tuberculosis,

Giemsa-stained thin blood film for malaria.

Preparation and use of culture media - Blood agar, Chocolate agar, Lowenstein-Jensen

medium, Mac Conkey agar. Distinct colony properties of various bacterial Pathogens.

58 | P a g e


Diagnosis of Typhoid, Dengue, HIV and Swine flu using Serological Methods -

Agglutination, ELISA, immunofluorescence, Nucleic acid based methods – PCR, Nucleic

acid Probes.


Importance and determination of sensitivity/resistance of bacteria using disc diffusion

method, Determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of an antibiotic by serial

double dilution method

MBT- 602A DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY


5. Collection, transport and processing of clinical specimens (Blood, Urine, Stool and

Sputum). Receipts, Labeling, recording and dispatching clinical specimens.

6. Isolation of bacteria in pure culture. and Antibiotic sensitivity.

7. Identification of common bacteria (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E. coli) by

studying their morpholory, cultural characters, Biochemical reactions, agglutination

and other tests.

8. Maintenance and preservation of stock culture

SUGGESTED READING

6. Ananthanarayan R and Paniker CKJ (2009) Textbook of Microbiology, 8th

edition,

Universities Press Private Ltd.

7. Brooks G.F., Carroll K.C., Butel J.S., Morse S.A. and Mietzner. T.A. (2013) Jawetz,

Melnick and Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology. 26th

edition McGraw Hill

Publication

8. Collee JG, Fraser, AG, Marmion BP. Simmons A (2007) Mackie and Mccartney

Practical Medical Microbiology, 14th

edition, Elsevier.

9. Randhawa, VS, Mehta G and Sharma KB (2009) Practicals and Viva in Medical

Microbiology 2nd

edition, Elsevier India Pvt Ltd

10. Tille P (2013) Bailey’s and Scott’s Diagonistic Microbiology. 13th

edition, Mosby

59 | P a g e


B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) SYLLABUS SEMESTER- VI

Cluster Elective I; Paper- VIII (I)b

MBT- 602 B MICROBIAL QUALITY CONTROL IN FOOD AND

PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES



Good laboratory practices - Good microbiological practices. Biosafety cabinets - Working of

biosafety cabinets, using protective clothing, specification for BSL-1, BSL-2, BSL-3.

Discarding biohazardous waste - Methodology of Disinfection, Autoclaving & Incineration


Culture and microscopic methods - Standard plate count, Most probable numbers,

Direct microscopic counts, Biochemical and immunological methods: Limulus lysate test

for endotoxin, gel diffusion. Sterility testing for pharmaceutical products.


Molecular methods - Nucleic acid probes, PCR based detection, biosensors.

UNIT-IV No. of Hours: 8

Enrichment culture techniques for detection of specific microorganisms - on XLD agar,

Salmonella Shigella Agar, Manito! salt agar, EMB agar, Mcconkey Agar, Saboraud

Agar. Ascertaining microbial quality of milk by MBRT. Rapid detection methods of

microbiological quality of milk at milk collection centers (COB, 10 min Resazurin assay).


Hazard analysis of critical control point (HACCP) - Principles, flow diagrams, limitations.

Microbial Standards for Different Foods and Water - BIS standards for common foods and

drinking water. QC&QA, warehousing, sample testing in pharma industry.

MBP- 602B MICROBIAL QUALITY CONTROL IN FOOD AND PHARMACEUTICAL

INDUSTRIES


1. Microbiological laboratory safety- General rules & Regulations.

2. Sterility tests for Instruments - Autoclave & Hot Air Oven

3. Disinfection of selected instruments & Equipments

4. Sterility of Air and its relationship to Laboratory & Hospital sepsis.

5. Sterility testing of Microbiological media

60 | P a g e

6. Sterility testing of Pharmaceutical products -Antibiotics, Vaccines & fluids

7. Standard qualitative analysis of water.

8. Quantitative analysis of water - Membrane filter method

9. Analysis of food samples for Mycotoxins.

SUGGESTED READING

1. Baird RM, Hodges NA and Denyer SP (2005) Handbook of Microbiological

Quality control in Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices, Taylor and Francis Inc.

2. Garg N, Garg KL and Mukerji KG (2010) Laboratory Manual of Food

Microbiology I K International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.

3. Harrigan WF (1998) Laboratory Methods in Food Microbiology, 3rd ed.

Academic Press.

4. Jay JM, Loessner MJ, Golden DA (2005) Modern Food Microbiology, 7th

edition. Springer.

5. Laboratory Exercises in Microbiology, George.A.Wistreich & Max.D.Lechtman, 3 rd

Ed, Glencoe press, London.

6. Manual of diagnostic microbiology, Dr.B.J.Wadher & Dr.G.L.Bhoosreddy,

Firs.Ed. Himalaya publishing house, Nagpur.

7. Microbiology - A laboratory manual, Cappuccino & Sherman, 6th Ed, Pearson

Education.

8. Pharmaceutical Microbiology - Purohit.

9. Pharmaceutical Microbiology- W.B. Hugo.

61 | P a g e


B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) SYLLABUS SEMESTER -VI

Cluster Elective I; Paper- VIII (I)C


TOTAL HOURS: 36

CREDITS: 3

Unit I No. of Hours: 6

RDBMS - Definition of relational database

Mode of data transfer (FTP, SFTP, SCP), advantage of encrypted data transfer

Unit II No. of Hours: 7

Bio-informatics- Its Definitions, Introduction, History. Bioinformatics -

Objectives, Applications, Its need, Scope, Careers. Bioinforrnatics scenario in India &

the rest of the world. Sequences used in Bioinforrnatics- DNA, Protein, RNA. Dawn of

sequencing. Brief understanding of the DNA, Protein, RNA molecules.

Unit-III No. of Hours: 7

Local and Global Sequence alignment, pair wise and multiple sequence alignment.

Scoring an alignment, scoring matrice. Types of phylogenetic trees, Different approaches of

phylogenetic tree construction - UPGMA, Neighbor joining, Maximum Parsimony,

Maximum likelihood.

Unit-IV No. of Hours: 7

Local and Global Sequence alignment, pair wise and multiple sequence

alignment. Scoring an alignment, scoring matrices. Types of phylogenetic trees, Different

approaches of phylogenetic tree construction - UPGMA, Neighbor joining, Maximum

Parsomony, Maximum likelihood.

Unit-V No. of Hours : 9

Diversity of Genomes: Viral, prokaryotic & eukaryotic genomes

Genome, transcriptome, proteome, 2-D gel electrophoresis, Maldi Toff

spectroscopy

Major features of completed genomes: E.coli, S.cerevisiae, Human.

Hierarchy of protein structure - primary, secondary and tertiary structures, modeling

Structural Classes, Motifs, Folds and Domains.

Protein structure prediction in presence and absence of structure template.

62 | P a g e



1. Introduction to different operating systems - UNIX, LINUX and Windows

2. Introduction to bioinformatics databases (any three): NCBJ.

3. Sequence retrieval using BLAST

4. Sequence alignment & phylogenetic analysis using clustal W & Phylip.

5. Picking out a given gene from genomes using Genscan or other softwares (promoter

region identification, repeat in genome, ORF prediction). Gene finding tools (Glimmer,

GENSCAN), Primer designing, Genscan/Genetool.

6. Protein structure prediction: primary structure analysis, secondary structure

prediction using psi-pred, homology modeling usingSwissmodel.

7. Prediction of different features of a functional gene.

SUGGESTED READING

1. Andreas (2004) Bioinformatics- A practical guide to the analysis of genes & protein

2nd ED Baxevanis and Francis Ouellette.

2. Christian Crumlish The internet (1999). BPB publications.

3. K.Mani & N.vijayaraj Bioinformatics for the beginners

4. Lesk M.A.(2008) Introduction to Bioinformatics Oxford Publication, 3rd

International

Student Edition

5. Pennigton & Dunn (2002) Proteomics; Viva books publishers, New Delhi

6. Preeti (2007) Foundations of Computing, 4th ed., BPB Publications

7. Primrose and Twyman (2003) Principles of Genome Analysis & Genomics Blackwell

8. Rastogi S.C., Mendiratta N. and Rastogi P. (2007) Bioinformatics: methods and

applications, genomics, proteomics and drug discovery, 2nd ed. Prentice Hall India

Publication

9. Saxena Sanjay (2003) A First Course in Computers, Vikas Publishing

HousePradeep and Sinha

10. T.K.Altwood, D.J.Parry-smith (2004) Introduction to Bioinformatics Pears

Education.

63 | P a g e



SEMISTER-VI

Elective II: Paper- VIII (Il)a

MBT- 603 A MICROBES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE


Unit-I No.of Hours: 8

Soil as Microbial Habitat, Soil properties. Diversity and distribution of microorganisms in

soil. Mineralization of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, phosphate, nitrate.


Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, nitric oxide - production and control

Unit III No of hours: 6

Agri-composting and vermi-composting

UNIT IV No of Hours: 8

Plant growth promoting bacteria, biofertilizers - symbiotic (Bradyrhizobium, Rhizobium,

Frankia), Non Symbiotic (Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Mycorrhizae, MHBs, Phosphate

solubilizers, algae). Novel combination of microbes as bio fertilizers, PGPRs

UNIT V No of Hours: 6

Biotech feed, Silage, Biomanure, biogas, biofuels - advantages and processing parameters.

Advantages, social and environmental aspects of GM crops, Bt crops, golden rice.

64 | P a g e

MBP- 603 A MICROBES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE


1. Study of soil profile

2. Study of micro flora of different types of soils

3. Rhizobium as soil inoculants characteristics and field application

4. Azotobacter as soil inoculants characteristics and field application

5. Design and functioning of a biogas plant

6. Isolation of cellulose degrading organisms

SUGGESTED READINGS

1.Agrios GN. (2006). Plant Pathology. 5th edition. Academic press, San Diego,

2.Singh RS. (1998). Plant Diseases Management. 7th edition. Oxford &IBH, New

Delhi.

3.Glick BR, Pasternak JJ, and Patten CL (2010) Molecular Biotechnology 4th edition,

ASM Press.

4.Atlas RM and Bartha R. (2000). Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals & Applications.

4th edition. Benjamin/Cummings Science Publishing, USA

5.Maier RM, Pepper IL and Gerba CP. (2009). Environmental

Microbiology. 2nd edition, Academic Press

6. Barton LL & Northup DE (2011). Microbial Ecology. 1st edition, Wiley

Blackwell, USA

7.Campbell RE. (1983). Microbial Ecology. Blackwell Scientific Publication,

Oxford, England.

8.Coyne MS. (2001). Soil Microbiology: An Exploratory Approach. Delmar

Thomson Learning.

9.Altman A (1998). Agriculture Biotechnology, !st edition, Marcel decker Inc.

10. Mahendra K. Rai (2005). Hand Book of Microbial Biofertilizers, The Haworth

Press Inc. Ltd

11. Saleem F and Shakoori AR (2012) Development of Bioinsecticide, Lap Lambert


65 | P a g e


B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) SYLLABUS SEMISTER-VI

Cluster Elective II; Paper- VIII (II) b

MBT- 603 B BIOFERTILIZERS AND BIOPESTICIDES



Advantages of biofertlizers over chemical fertilizers. Symbiotic N2 fixers: Rhizobium -

Isolation, characteristics, types, inoculum production and field application, legume/pulses

plants.

Frankia from non-legumes and characterization.

Cyanobacteria from Azolla, characterization, mass multiplication, Role in rice cultivation,

Crop response, field application.

UNIT - II No of Hours: 6

Free living Azospirillum, Azotobacter - isolation, characteristics, mass inoculum

production and field application.

UNIT - III No of Hours: 6

Phosphate solubilizing microbes - Isolation, characterization, mass inoculum production,

field application

UNIT-IV No of Hours: 7

Importance of mycorrizal inoculum, types of mycorrhizae and associated plants, Mass

inoculums production of VAM, field applications of Ectomycorrhizae and VAM.

UNIT-V No of Hours: 7

General account of microbes used as bioinsecticides and their advantages over synthetic

pesticides. Bacillus thuringiensis - production, Field applications. Viruses - NPV cultivation

and field applications

66 | P a g e

MBP- 603 B BIOFERTILIZERS AND BIOPESTICIDES


5. Isolation of Rhizobium from root nodules.

6. Isolation of phosphate solubilizers from soil

7. Staining and observation of VAM

8. A visit to biofertilizer production unit.

SUGGESTED READINGS

7. Agarwal SK (2005) Advanced Environmental Biotechnology, APH publication.

8. Kannaiyan, S. (2003). Biotechnology of Biofertilizers, CHIPS, Texas.

9. Mahindra K. Rai (2005). Hand book of Microbial biofertilizers, The Haworth

Press, Inc. New York.

10. Reddy, S.M. et. al. (2002). Bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture and

forestry, Scientific Publishers.

11. Salem F and Shakoori AR (2012) Development of Bioinsecticide, Lap Lambert


12. Subba Rao N.S (1995) Soil microorganisms and plant growth Oxford and IBH

publishing co. Pvt. Ltd. NewDelhi.



SEMISTER-VI

Cluster Elective II; Paper- VIII (II)C

MBT- 603 C MUSHROOM CULTIVATION


Unit I No of Hours: 8

History and scope of mushroom cultivation. Types of edible mushrooms available in India.

Mushroom morphology. Different parts of a typical mushroom & variations in mushroom

morphology. Button, Paddy straw& Oyster- General Morphology, distinguishing

characteristics.


Classification Based on occurrence, natural habitats, color of spores, morphology of fruiting

layers, Structure and texture of fruiting bodies. Key to differentiate edible from Poisonous

mushrooms. Economic importance of edible mushrooms.

67 | P a g e

Unit III No of Hours: 10

Cultivation of Button, Oyster and Paddy straw Mushrooms: Collection of raw materials,

compost & composting, spawn & spawning, casing & case run, cropping, picking & packing,

marketing.

Unit IV No of Hours: 6

Nutritional profile of mushrooms, health benefits of mushrooms. Mushroom Toxins and

illness, mushroom recipes.

Unit V No of Hours: 6

Effect of physical and chemical factors on the growth of mushrooms. Crop management

during spawn running, casing to mushroom period, the cropping period. Post harvest

management.

MBT- 603 C MUSHROOM CULTIVATION PRACTICAL


9. Microscopic and anatomical observations of different mushroom species ..

10. Preparation of spawn under controlled conditions(preparation of mother spawn

in saline bottle and polypropylene bag and their multiplication

11. Types of Compost preparation and sterilization.

12. Mushroom bed preparation - paddy straw, sugarcane trash, maize straw, banana

leaves/waste.

13. Spawning, casing, Cropping and harvesting.

14. Substrate preparation, bed preparation, spawning and cropping.

15. Diseases of mushrooms (photographs).

16. Visit to relevant Labs/Field Visits

SUGGESTED READINGS

11. Mushroom Cultivation, Tripathi, D.P.(2005) Oxford &IBH Publishing Co.

PVT.LTD, New Delhi.

12. Mushroom Production and Processing Technology, Pathak Yadav Gour (2010)

Published by Agrobios (India).

13. A hand book of edible mushroom, S.Kannaiyan& K.Ramasamy (1980). Today &

Tomorrows printers & publishers, New Delhi

14. Handbook on Mushrooms, Nita Bahl, oxford & IBH Publishing Co.

68 | P a g e

15. Marimuthu, T. Krishnamoorthy, A.S. Sivaprakasam, K. and Jayarajan. (1991)

Oyster Mushrooms, Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural

University, Coimbatore.

16. Swaminathan, M. (1990) Food and Nutrition. Bappco, The Bangalore - 560018

17. Tewari, Pankaj Kapoor, S.C., (1988). Mushroom cultivation, Mittal Publications,

Delhi. 47 4. Nita Bahl (1984-1988)

18. Hand book of Mushrooms, II Edition, Vol. I & Vol. II. 5.Biswas, S., M. Datta and

S.V. Ngachan. 2011.

19. Mushrooms: A Manual for Cultivation. PHI learning private Ltd., New Delhi, India.

20. Chang, S. and P.G. Miles. 2004. Mushrooms: cultivation, nutritional value,

medicinal effect, and environmental impact. CRC Press. USA.

D.K.W GOVERNMENT DEGREE COLLEGE

III B.Sc. DEGRED EXAMINATION - SIXTH SEMESTER

SUBJECT - MICROBIOLOGY

PAPER V: ENVIRONMENTAL & AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY

MODEL PAPER F'OR SEMESTER END EXAMINATION

Time: Three hours

Maximum: 70marks

SECTION A- (5 x 4 = 20marks)

Answer any FIVE of the following questions

Draw neat and labelled diagrams wherever necessary

(Note to examiner: set one short answer question from each unit and the remaining three from

any of the units.)

1. Extremophiles

2. MPN

3. Antagonism

4. BOD

5. Marine Microflora

6. Rhizobium

7. Citrus Canker

69 | P a g e

8. Non Symbiotic nitrogen fixation

SECTION B-(5 x 10 = 50marks)

Answer ALL of the following questions'


9. a) Describe Soil profile and Soil Microflora

(or)

b) Write about Aero microflora and dispersal of microbes

10. a) Explain Microbial interactions

(or)

b) Discuss the role of Microorganisms in carbon cycle

1 1. a) Give an account on Sewage treatment

(or)

b) Write the Methods of Solid waste disposal

12. a) Describe plant growth promoting microorganisms

(or)

b) Write in detail about biological symbiotic nitrogen fixation

13. a) Discuss the symptoms of plant diseases caused by Fungi and Viruses

(or)

b) Describe the concept and principles of plant disease control.


III B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION - SIXTH SEMESTER

SUBJECT. MICROBIOLOGY

PAPER VI: FOOD AND INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY

MODEL PAPER FOR SEMESTER END EXAMINATION

Time: Three hours Maximum:70marks

70 | P a g e

SECTION A-(5 x 4 = 20marks)



(Note to Examiner: Set one short answer question from each unit and the remaining three

fromany of the units.)

1. Food intoxication

2. Probiotics

3. Fermentor

4. Salmonellosis

5. Amylase Production

6. Industrial importance of Actinomycetes

7. Ingredients of Fermentation media

8. Penicillin

SECTION B - (5 x 10: 50marks)

Answer ALL of the following question


(Note to the Examiner: Set one question from each unit with internal choice.)

9. a) Write about intrinsic and extrinsic parameters that affect microbal growth in food.

(or)

b) Describe microbial spoilage of food.

10. a) Discuss the principles of food preservation.

(or)

b) Write an essay on microorganisms as food and fermented Dairy foods.

1 1. a) Write about Isolation and screening of industrially important microorganisms.

(or)

b) Explain methods of strain improvement.

12. a) Discuss the various types of fermentations used in industry.

71 | P a g e

(or)

b) Give an account on Downstream processing.

13. a) Discuss the Industrial production of Ethanol.

(or)

b) Write about microbial production of vitamin B12.


III B.SC. DEGREE EXAMINATION - SIXTH SEMESTER


MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY


Time: Three hours Maximum: 70marks




(Note to Examiner: set one short answer question from each unit and the remaining three


l. Bioleaching

2. Streptokinase

3. HFCS

4. Microbial biosensors

5. Cocoa butter

72 | P a g e

6. Copyrights

7. Bioremediation

8. Recombinant

SECTION B - (5 x l0 = 50marks)

Answer ALL of the following questions


(Note to the examiner: Set one question from each unit with internal choice.)

9. a) Describe Genetically engineered microbes for industrial application.

(or)

b) Write about Scope and its applications in human therapeutics.

10. a) Discuss in detail about Microbial Polysaccharides, Polyesters and bioplastics.

(or)

b) Write details on Recombinant microbial production of Hepatitis B vaccine.

1 l. a) Write about Microbial based transformation of Steroids.

(or)

b) Explain Immobilization methods and their application.

12. a) Give an account on Methane production.

(or)

b) Write about Bioethanol and Biodiesel production.

13. a) Give a general account on Patents.

(or)

b) Discuss about Trademarks.




73 | P a g e

ADVANCES IN MICROBIOLOGY


Time: Three hours Maximum: 70 marks






1. Quorum Sensing

2. Viral metagenome

3. TTSS

4. Virulence

5. Biofilms

6. Pangenome

7. Metabolomics

8. Antimicrobial resistance





9. a) Discuss about Salient features of Sequenced microbial genomes.

(or)

b) Write about the Characteristics of Genomic islands and Pathogenicity islands.

10. a) Describe Brief history and development of Metagenomics.

(or)

b) Give an account on basic knowledge of metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics.

11. a) What is Epiphytic fitness and Discuss its mechanism in plant pathogens.

74 | P a g e

(or)

b) Explain the mechanism of Hypersensitive response to plant pathogens.

12. a) Write about the Significance of Biofilms in environment.

(or)

b) Give a general account on types of microorganisms involved in Biofilms.

13. a) Explain Networking in biological systems.

(or)

b) Discuss about Basics of Synthesis of poliovirus in laboratory.




INSTRTUMENTATION AND BIOTECHNIQUES








l. 2D gel elechophoresis

2. Immunofluorescence

3. GLC

4. Confocal microscopy

5. RCF

75 | P a g e

6. Isoelechic focusing

7. Turbidometry

8. HPLC





9. a) Write an essay on phase contrast microscopy.

(or)

b) Explain Micrometry.

10. a) Write about principles and applications of paper Chromatography.

(or)

b) Describe Gel filtration chromatography and ion exchange chromatography.

11. a) Explain details about SDS-PAGE.

(or)

b) Write about principle and applications of native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

12. a) Write principle and applications of study of absorption spectra of biomolecules.

(or)

b) Write an account on analysis of bimolecular using UV and visible range.

13. a) Comment on preparative and analytical centrifugation.

(or)

b) Discuss about Ultracentrifugation and density gradient centrifugation.



Cluster Elective I: Paper - VIII (I)A

DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY

76 | P a g e








1. Diseases ofnervous system

2. Precautions required in collection of clinical samples

3. Colony properties of bacterial pathogens

4. Gram staining

5. Diagnosis of Typhoid

6. Diseases of gastrointestinal tract

7. Detection of Swine flue

8. Importance of drug sensitivity tests'





9. a) Write about the causative agent and clinical symptoms of bacterial diseases of human

body systems.

(or)

b) Write an essay on disease associated clinical samples

10. a) Give an account of collection of clinical samples.

(or)

b) Write about method of transport of clinical samples and storage.

11. a) Explain about Ziehl Neelson and Giemsa staining techniques.

77 | P a g e

(or)

b) Describe about preparation and use of culture media for diagnosis.

12. a) Write in detail about any two serological methods used in diagnosis of dengue and

HIV.

(or)

b) Write about Nucleic acid based methods for diagnosis.

13. a) Explain about determination of drug sensitivity or resistance of bacteria using disc

Diffusion method.

(or)

b) Write about the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration of an

antibiotic.



Cluster Elective II: Paper - VIII (l)B

MICROBIAL QUALITY CONTROL IN FOOD AND

PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTIRES







from any of the units.)

1. Autoclaving

2. Limulus lysate test

3. PCR based detection

4. MBRT test

78 | P a g e

5. BIS standards for drinking water.

6. Direct microscopic counts

7. Incineration

8. Saboraud agar for detection of fungi

SECTION B- (5 x 10 = 50marks)

Answer ALL of the following questions.


9. a) Describe good laboratory practices.

(or)

b) Write about Biosafety cabinets.

10. a) Write about the cultural methods of quality control.

(or)

b) Write an essay on sterility testing for pharmaceutical products'

11. a) Explain about Nucleic acid probes.

(or)

b) Describe biosensors.

12. a) Write about enrichment culture techniques for detection of specific bacteria.

(or)

b) write in detail about rapid detection methods of microbiological quality of milk at

milk collection centres.

13. a) Discuss about HACCP

(or)

b) Give an account ofBIS standards for different foods.



Cluster Elective II: Paper - VIII (I)B

79 | P a g e

BIOINFORMATICS



Section - A

Answer any five of the following 5X4=20 marks

Draw labelled diagrams wherever necessary

1. Secure copy

2. q- helix

3. Secondary structure of rRNA

4. FASTA

5. BLAST

6. Scoring matrix

7. Proteome

8. MALDI - TOF spectrometery .

Section - B

Answer any five of the following 5 x 10=50 marks


9 a) Discuss about the relational database management system (RDBMS)

(Or)

b) Write about file transfer protocol.

10 a) Applications of Bioinformatics in genetic research

(Or)

b) Describe features of DNA sequence analysis

11 a) Describe the features and importance of NCBI.

(Or)

b) Discuss about Protein sequence data banks

80 | P a g e

12 a) Explain sequence alignment. What are the methods for sequence?

alignment and describe its applications

(Or)

b) Describe phylogenetic analysis.

13 a) Discuss about 2 D gel electrophoresis

(Or)

b) Give Salient Features of Human Genome project.



Cluster Elective I: Paper - VIII (I)A

MICROBES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE


Time: Three hours Maximum:70marks

SECTION A - (5 x 4 = 20marks)




any of the units.)

1. Soil properties.

2. Microbial control of methane in soil and air.

3. Biocontrolling agents against weeds.

4. Transgenic animals

5. Biogas

6. Azotobacter

7. Mineralization of phosphate

8. Algal biofertilizer.

81 | P a g e


SECTLON B - (5 x 10 = 50 marks)


9. a) Write an account on diversity and distribution of microorganisms in soil.

(Or)

b) Describe the mineralization of cellulose and hemicelluloses.

10. a) Give an account of microbial production of CO2 and methane'

(Or)

b) Write about the microbial control of nitrogen compounds in soil and air.

I 1. a) Explain about the microorganisms used as biocontrol agents against microbial

plantPathogens.

(oR)

b) Wtite in detail about the microbial biocontrolling agents against weeds

12. a) Write in detail about symbiotic biofertilizers.

(oR)

b) Explain about Mycorrhiza and its importance as biofertilizer.

13. a) Write about biofuels in detail.

(oR)

b) Write an essay on GM crops.


III B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION- SIXTH SEMESTER

Cluster Elective II: Paper VIII (II) B

BIOFERTILIZERS AND BIOPESTICIDES

82 | P a g e

MODEL PAPER TOR SEMESTER END EXAMINATION


SECTION A-(5 x 4 =20marks)

Answer any FIVE of the following.


1. Importance of mycorrhizae

2. NPV

3. Advantages of Biofertilizers.

4. Examples and uses of PSM.

5. Field applications of Azotobacter.

6. Frankia.

7. Biopesticides.

8. Field applications of Ectomycorrhizae.

PART -B (5X10=50 MARKS)

Answer ALL the questions.

Draw neat and labelled diagrams wherever necessary.

9. (a). Elaborate in detail about the isolation and field production of Rhizobium.

(oR)

(b). Explain about the mass cultivation of cyanobacterial biofertilizers and write a note on

its role in Rice cultivation.

10 (a). Describe the mass inoculum production and product recovery of Azospirillum.

(oR)

(b). write about the isolation and characteristic of Azotobacter.

11 (a). Define PSM and write a brief note on different types and field applications of PSM.

(oR)

(b). Discuss about the isolation and characteristics of phosphate solubilising microbes.

12 (a). What is VAM? Explain the mass production and uses of VAM fungal.

(oR)

(b). Give an account on different types of mycorrhizal association with plants.

83 | P a g e

13(a) BrieflywriteabouttheproductionandapplicationsofBacillusthuringiensis'

(oR)

(b). Differentiate the advantages of Biopesticides over Synthetic pesticides.



Cluster elective II: Paper VIII (II)C

MUSHROOM CULTIVATION


SECTION A-(5 x 4= 20 marks)


Draw neat and labelled diagrams whatever necessary



l. Types of edible mushrooms in India.

2. Crop management.

3.General morphology of Oyster mushroom.

4. Classiff mushrooms based on structure and texture of fruiting bodies.

5. Spawn.

6. Economic importance of mushrooms

84 | P a g e

7. Prepare any one mushroom recipe.

8. Preparation, Maintenance and storage of Spawn.

PART-B (5X10=50 MARKS)

Answer ALL questions.


9. (a). History and scope of mushroom cultivation

(oR)

(b). Explain about the typical morphology of mushroom and their paxts.

10 (a). classify the types ofmushroom based on its occwrence, habitats and color ofspores.

(oR)

(b). Differentiate the edible and poisonous mushrooms with examples.

1 I (a). Write about the cultivation of Paddy straw mushrooms.

(oR)

(b). Discuss about the cultivation of Button mushrooms.

12 (a). what are mushroom toxins and write a note on illness caused by the toxins produced.

(oR)

(b). Give an account on the nutritional profile of mushrooms.

13(a). write about the effect of physical and chemical factors on the growth of Mushrooms.

(oR)

(b). Elaborate in detail about the post-harvest management.


III B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION - FIFTH SEMESTER


PAPER V: ENVIRONMENTAL & AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY


85 | P a g e


SECTION A – (5 x 4 = 20marks)



(Note to examiner: Set one short answer question from each unit and the remaining three


1. Extremophiles

2. MPN

3. Antagonism

4. BOD

5. Marine Microflora

6. Rhizobium

7. Citrus Canker

8. Non Symbiotic nitrogen fixation

SECTION B – (5 x 10 = 50marks)



9. a) Describe Soil profile and Soil Microflora

(or)

b) Write about Aeromicroflora and dispersal of microbes

10. a) Explain Microbial interactions

(or)

b) Discuss the role of Microorganisms in carbon cycle

11. a) Give an account on Sewage treatment

(or)

b) Write the Methods of Solid waste disposal

12. a) Describe plant growth promoting microorganisms

86 | P a g e

(or)

b) Write in detail about biological symbiotic nitrogen fixation

13. a) Discuss the symptoms of plant diseases caused by Fungi and Viruses

(or)

b) Describe the concept and principles of plant disease control.


III B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION - FIFTH SEMESTER


PAPER VI: FOOD AND INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY







from

any of the units.)

1. Food intoxication

2. Probiotics

3. Fermentor

4. Salmonellosis

87 | P a g e

5. Amylase production

6. Industrial importance of Actinomycetes

7. Ingredients of Fermentation media

8. Penicillin


Answer ALL of the following question

Draw neat and labeled diagrams wherever necessary


9. a) Write about intrinsic and extrinsic parameters that affect microbal growth in food.

(or)

b) Describe microbial spoilage of food.

10. a) Discuss the principles of food preservation.

(or)

b) Write an essay on microorganisms as food and fermented Dairy foods.

11. a) Write about Isolation and screening of industrially important microorganisms.

(or)

b) Explain methods of strain improvement.

12. a) Discuss the various types of fermentations used in industry.

(or)

b) Give an account on Downstream processing.

13. a) Discuss the Industrial production of Ethanol.

(or)

b) Write about microbial production of vitamin B12.


88 | P a g e



MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY



SECTION A – (5 x 4 = 20 marks)





1. Bioleaching

2. Streptokinase

3. HFCS

4. Microbial biosensors

5. Cocoa butter

6. Copyrights

7. Bioremediation

8. Recombinant




(Note to the examiner: Set one question from each unit with internal choice.)

9. a) Describe Genetically engineered microbes for industrial application.

(or)

b) Write about Scope and its applications in human therapeutics.

10. a) Discuss in detail about Microbial Polysaccharides, Polyesters and bioplastics.

(or)

89 | P a g e

b) Write details on Recombinant microbial production of Hepatitis B vaccine.

11. a) Write about Microbial based transformation of Steroids.

(or)

b) Explain Immobilization methods and their application.

12. a) Give an account on Methane production.

(or)

b) Write about Bioethanol and Biodiesel production.

13. a) Give a general account on Patents .

(or)

b) Discuss about Trademarks.




ADVANCES IN MICROBIOLOGY





Each question carries FIVE marks




1. Quorum Sensing

2. Viral metagenome

3. TTSS

4. Virulence

90 | P a g e

5. Biofilms

6. Pangenome

7. Metabolomics

8. Antimicrobial resistance





9. a) Discuss about Salient features of Sequenced microbial genomes.

(or)

b) Write about the Characteristics of Genomic islands and Pathogenicity islands.

10. a) Describe Brief history and development of Metagenomics.

(or)

b) Give an account on basic knowledge of metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics.

11. a) What is Epiphytic fitness and Discuss its mechanism in plant pathogens.

(or)

b) Explain the mechanism of Hypersensitive response to plant pathogens.

12. a) Write about the Significance of Biofilms in environment.

(or)

b) Give a general account on types of microorganisms involved in Biofilms.

13. a) Explain Networking in biological systems.

(or)

b) Discuss about Basics of Synthesis of poliovirus in laboratory.




91 | P a g e

INSTRUMENTATION AND BIOTECHNIQUES








1. 2D gel electrophoresis

2. Immunofluorescence

3. GLC

4. Confocal microscopy

5. RCF

6. Isoelectric focusing

7. Turbidometry

8. HPLC





9. a) Write an essay on phase contrast microscopy.

(or)

b) Explain Micrometry.

10. a) Write about principles and applications of paper Chromatography.

(or)

b) Describe Gel filtration chromatography and ion exchange chromatography.

.

92 | P a g e

11. a) Explain details about SDS-PAGE.

(or)

b) Write about principle and applications of native polyacrylamide gel

Electrophoresis.

12. a) Write principle and applications of study of absorption spectra of biomolecules.

(or)

b) Write an account on analysis of bimolecular using UV and visible range.

13. a) Comment on preparative and analytical centrifugation.

(or)

b) Discuss about Ultracentrifugation and density gradient centrifugation.


III B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION – SIXTH SEMESTER

Cluster Elective I: Paper – VIII (I)A

DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY








1. Diseases of nervous system

2. Precautions required in collection of clinical samples

3. Colony properties of bacterial pathogens

4. Gram staining

5. Diagnosis of Typhoid

93 | P a g e

6. Diseases of gastrointestinal tract

7. Detection of Swine flue

8. Importance of drug sensitivity tests.




9. a) Write about the causative agent and clinical symptoms of bacterial diseases of human

body systems.

(OR)

b) Write an essay on disease associated clinical samples

10. a) Give an account of collection of clinical samples.

(OR)

b) Write about method of transport of clinical samples and storage.

11. a) Explain about Ziehl Neelson and Giemsa staining techniques.

(OR)

b) Describe about preparation and use of culture media for diagnosis.

12. a) Write in detail about any two serological methods used in diagnosis of dengue and

HIV.

(OR)

b) Write about Nucleic acid based methods for diagnosis.

13. a) Explain about determination of drug sensitivity or resistance of bacteria using disc

Diffusion method.

(OR)

b) Write about the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration of anantibiotic.



94 | P a g e

Cluster Elective II: Paper – VIII (I)B

MICROBIAL QUALITY CONTROL IN FOOD AND

PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTIRES








1. Autoclaving

2. Limulus lysate test

3. PCR based detection

4. MBRT test

5. BIS standards for drinking water.

6. Direct microscopic counts

7. Incineration

8. Saboraud agar for detection of fungi



Draw neat and labeled diagrams wherever necessary

9. a) Describe good laboratory practices.

(OR)

b) Write about Biosafety cabinets.

10. a) Write about the cultural methods of quality control.

(OR)

b) Write an essay on sterility testing for pharmaceutical products.

95 | P a g e

11. a) Explain about Nucleic acid probes.

(OR)

b) Describe biosensors.

12. a) Write about enrichment culture techniques for detection of specific bacteria .

(OR)

b) write in detail about rapid detection methods of microbiological quality of milk at

milk collection centers.

13. a) Discuss about HACCP

(OR)

b) Give an account of BIS standards for different foods.



Cluster Elective II: Paper – VIII (I)B

BIOINFORMATICS





1. Secure copy

2. α- helix

3. Secondary structure of rRNA

4. FASTA

5. BLAST

6. Scoring matrix

7. Proteome

8. MALDI - TOF spectrometery.

96 | P a g e

Section – B

Answer any five of the following5 x 10=50 marks


9 a)Discuss about the relational database management system (RDBMS)

Or

b) Write about file transfer protocol.

10 a)Applications of Bioinformatics in genetic research

Or

b) Describe features of DNA sequence analysis

11 a) Describe the features and importance of NCBI.

Or

b) Discuss about Protein sequence data banks

12 a) Explain sequence alignment. What are the methods for sequencealignment and describe

its applications?

Or

b) Describe phylogenetic analysis.

13 a) Discuss about 2 D gel electrophoresis

Or

b) Give Salient Features of Human Genome project.


III B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION – VI SEMESTER

Cluster Elective I: Paper – VIII (I)A

MICROBES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE



97 | P a g e





any of the units.)

1. Soil properties.

2. Microbial control of methane in soil and air.

3. Biocontrolling agents against weeds.

4. Transgenic animals

5. Biogas

6. Azotobacter

7. Mineralization of phosphate

8. Algal biofertilizer




9. a) Write an account on diversity and distribution of microorganisms in soil.

(OR)

b) Describe the mineralization of cellulose and hemicelluloses.

10. a) Give an account of microbial production of CO2 and methane.

(OR)

b) Write about the microbial control of nitrogen compounds in soil and air.

11. a) Explain about the microorganisms used as biocontrol agents against microbial plant

Pathogens.

(OR)

b) Write in detail about the microbial biocontrolling agents against weeds.

12. a) Write in detail about symbiotic biofertilizers.

98 | P a g e

(OR)

b) Explain about Mycorrhiza and its importance as biofertilizer.

13. a) Write about biofuels in detail.

(OR)

b) Write an essay on GM crops.

.



Cluster Elective II: Paper VIII (II) B

BIOFERTILIZERS AND BIOPESTICIDES




Answer any FIVE of the following.


1. Importance of mycorrhizae.

2. NPV

3. Advantages of Biofertilizers.

4. Examples and uses of PSM.

5. Field applications of Azotobacter.

6. Frankia.

7. Biopesticides.

99 | P a g e

8. Field applications of Ectomycorrhizae.

PART –B (5X10=50 MARKS)

Answer ALL the questions.

Draw neat and labelled diagrams wherever necessary.

9. (a). Elaborate in detail about the isolation and field production of Rhizobium.

(OR)

(b). Explain about the mass cultivation of cyanobacterial biofertilizers and write a note on

its role in Rice cultivation.

10 (a). Describe the mass inoculum production and product recovery of Azospirillum.

(OR)

(b). write about the isolation and characteristic of Azotobacter.

11 (a). Define PSM and write a brief note on different types and field applications of PSM.

(OR)

(b). Discuss about the isolation and characteristics of phosphate solubilising microbes.

12 (a). What is VAM? Explain the mass production and uses of VAM fungal.

(OR)

(b). Give an account on different types of mycorrhizal association with plants.

13 (a). Briefly write about the production and applications of Bacillus thuringiensis.

(OR)

(b). Differentiate the advantages of Biopesticides over Synthetic pesticides.

100 | P a g e



Cluster elective II: Paper VIII (II)C

MUSHROOM CULTIVATION







1. Types of edible mushrooms in India.

2. Crop management.

3.General morphology of Oyster mushroom.

4. Classify mushrooms based on structure and texture of fruiting bodies.

5. Spawn.

6. Economic importance of mushrooms.

7. Prepare any one mushroom recipe.

8. Preparation, Maintenance and storage of Spawn.

PART –B (5X10=50 MARKS)

Answer ALL questions.


9. (a). History and scope of mushroom cultivation

(OR)

(b). Explain about the typical morphology of mushroom and their parts.

10 (a). Classify the types of mushroom based on its occurrence, habitats and color of spores.

(OR)

(b). Differentiate the edible and poisonous mushrooms with examples.

101 | P a g e

11 (a). Write about the cultivation of Paddy straw mushrooms.

(OR)

(b). Discuss about the cultivation of Button mushrooms.

12 (a). What are mushroom toxins and write a note on illness caused by the toxins produced.

(OR)

(b). Give an account on the nutritional profile of mushrooms.

13(a). Write about the effect of physical and chemical factors on the growth of Mushrooms.

(OR)

(b). Elaborate in detail about the post-harvest management.

102 | P a g e

D.K. GOVT DEGREE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN, NELLORE

DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY

LIST OF QUESTION PAPER SETTERS & EXAMINERS FOR THE ACADEMIC

YEAR 2018-2019

1.Dr.Madhavi ,


GDC kurnool

Ph no:9908658952

2.Dr.Sucharitha,


GDC(A)W Guntur

Ph No:7382705822

[email protected]

3.Dr. Maqsood Ahmed,


GDC Gudur

Ph No:9849530338

[email protected]

4.D.Jaya sree

Lecturer in microbiology GDC(A)

Ph No:8121000338

[email protected]

5.Vijay

Lecturer in Microbiology

GDC Naidupet

Mobile No:9052002687

[email protected]

6.K.Devavani

TARA govt degree & PG College

Sangarededy,

Medak dist

103 | P a g e

[email protected]

7.A.Jyothi,


GDC Srikakulam

Ph No:8179393442

8.Mrs.Y.Neeraja


CH.S.D.St. Theresa Autonomous college for women

Eluru

Mobile No: 9440159390

9. Mrs. N. Praveena

Govt.College for women

Chirala


10.Dr. P. Aruna


PR College,

Kakinada


BOARD OF STUDIES 2018-2019 MICROBIOLOGY · 2019-01-06 · Prescott, Harley and Klein’s...

Documents

Transcript of BOARD OF STUDIES 2018-2019 MICROBIOLOGY · 2019-01-06 · Prescott, Harley and Klein’s...