BioterrorismBioterrorism& &

Biological War Biological War

Prof. A K MudgalProf. A K MudgalGovt College Aron M.PGovt College Aron M.P

INDIAINDIA

GENES DONOT MAKE YOU BAD,THEY MAKE PROTEINS

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What is BioterrorismWhat is Bioterrorism

BWBW

Biological warfare (BW) is the use of Biological warfare (BW) is the use of organisms that cause disease to harm or kill organisms that cause disease to harm or kill an adversary’s military forces, population, an adversary’s military forces, population, food or livestock.food or livestock. Living organic germs, like anthrax, are a major Living organic germs, like anthrax, are a major

example of biological weapons.example of biological weapons. Byproducts of organisms, such as toxins. An Byproducts of organisms, such as toxins. An

example is botulinum. example is botulinum. Biological agents are much deadlier, pound for Biological agents are much deadlier, pound for

pound, than chemical agents. It has been pound, than chemical agents. It has been estimated that 10 grams of anthrax could kill estimated that 10 grams of anthrax could kill as many people as a ton of the nerve agent as many people as a ton of the nerve agent Sarin.Sarin.

Biological WARBiological WAR

Use of virus, Bacteria, fungi and Use of virus, Bacteria, fungi and other biological agents for mass other biological agents for mass destructiondestruction

Clandestine operationClandestine operation BioterrorismBioterrorism

BioterrorismBioterrorism

1993 - Japan - 1993 - Japan - AumAum ShinrikyoShinrikyo anthrax anthrax release in Kameido  release in Kameido 

2001 USA Anthrax2001 USA Anthrax

1972 1972 Biological Weapons ConventionBiological Weapons Convention (BWC), signed by over 100 countries (BWC), signed by over 100 countries

Biological weapons are so lethal that Biological weapons are so lethal that one gram of purified one gram of purified botulinumbotulinum toxin toxin could kill 10 million people. could kill 10 million people.

At the time of the At the time of the Korean WarKorean War the US the US had only one agent, had only one agent, brucellosisbrucellosis (agent US), which is caused by (agent US), which is caused by Brucella suisBrucella suis. The original . The original weaponized form used the M114 weaponized form used the M114 bursting bomblet in M33 cluster bursting bomblet in M33 cluster bombs bombs

Biological agentsBiological agents

A A biological agentbiological agent is a is a bacteriumbacterium, , virusvirus, , prionprion, , fungusfungus, or , or biological toxinbiological toxin that can be used in that can be used in bioterrorismbioterrorism or or biological warfarebiological warfare. . More than 1200 different kinds of More than 1200 different kinds of biological agents have been biological agents have been described and studied to date described and studied to date

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/1993_Kameido_site_fluid_petri.jpg

Bacillus anthracis.Bacillus anthracis. Causes anthraxCauses anthrax If bacteria are inhaled, symptoms may develop If bacteria are inhaled, symptoms may develop

in two to three daysin two to three days Initial symptoms resembling common Initial symptoms resembling common

respiratory infection are followed by high fever, respiratory infection are followed by high fever, vomiting, joint ache and labored breathing, vomiting, joint ache and labored breathing, and internal and external bleeding lesionsand internal and external bleeding lesions

Exposure is fatalExposure is fatal

BrucellosisBrucellosis

Maltese feverMaltese fever Man, livestock, LethalMan, livestock, Lethal

Psittacosis :parrot feverPsittacosis :parrot fever Chlamydophila psittaciChlamydophila psittaci : lethal : lethal

Botulinum toxinBotulinum toxin Cause of botulism, produced by Cause of botulism, produced by Clostridium Clostridium

botulinumbotulinum bacteria bacteria Symptoms appear 12 to 72 hours after Symptoms appear 12 to 72 hours after

ingestion or inhalationingestion or inhalation Initial symptoms are nausea and diarrhea, Initial symptoms are nausea and diarrhea,

followed by weakness, dizziness and followed by weakness, dizziness and respiratory paralysis, leading to deathrespiratory paralysis, leading to death

Antitoxin can sometimes arrest the process. Antitoxin can sometimes arrest the process.

Q fever Q fever

CoxiellaCoxiella burnetiiburnetii

threatening threatening acute respiratory distress syndromeacute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), (ARDS),

Yersinia pestisYersinia pestis Causes bubonic plague, the Black Death Causes bubonic plague, the Black Death

of the Middle Agesof the Middle Ages If bacteria reach the lungs, symptoms--If bacteria reach the lungs, symptoms--

including fever and delirium--may including fever and delirium--may appear in three or four daysappear in three or four days

Untreated cases are nearly always fatal. Untreated cases are nearly always fatal. Vaccines can offer immunity, and Vaccines can offer immunity, and antibiotics are usually effective if antibiotics are usually effective if administered promptlyadministered promptly

EbolaEbola

Ebola virusEbola virus Highly contagious and lethalHighly contagious and lethal May not be desirable as a biological agent May not be desirable as a biological agent

because of uncertain stability outside of animal because of uncertain stability outside of animal hosthost

Symptoms, appearing two or three days after Symptoms, appearing two or three days after exposure, include high fever, delirium, severe exposure, include high fever, delirium, severe joint pain, bleeding from body orifices, and joint pain, bleeding from body orifices, and convulsions, followed by deathconvulsions, followed by death

No known treatment. Supportive therapyNo known treatment. Supportive therapy

SmallpoxSmallpox

VariolaVariola

H1N1H1N1

The The Big FiveBig Five

M1 Biodart (E1)M1 Biodart (E1) A 7.62mm rifle A 7.62mm rifle cartridge with exterior grooves filled cartridge with exterior grooves filled with either with either botulinumbotulinum toxin toxin A A

The “Eight Ball”The “Eight Ball”

Anti-agriculture BW Anti-agriculture BW

Second world war: herbicideSecond world war: herbicide BiotoxinsBiotoxins Wheat blast & rice blastWheat blast & rice blast

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.globalresearch.ca/books/seeds_2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php%3Fcontext%3Dva%26aid%3D9833&usg=__3EwT2azjsHIgCQ5WsLeq5-DWp5c=&h=1535&w=1063&sz=244&hl=en&start=14&um=1&tbnid=Q52IfGeEBUeoIM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=104&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbiotechnology%2Band%2B%2Bbiowar%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1R2SKPB_enIN344%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1

PartheniumParthenium EichorniaEichornia

GMO

                                                         

Causal agent: Causal agent: Fusarium Fusarium spp.spp. Disease: Fusarium head blightDisease: Fusarium head blight Effects:Effects:

Early infection prevents kernel fillingEarly infection prevents kernel filling Late infection - Late infection - trichothecene mycotoxinstrichothecene mycotoxins

Cytotoxic – intenstines, bone marrow, Cytotoxic – intenstines, bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen and thymuslymph nodes, spleen and thymus

Leads to low white blood cell count and Leads to low white blood cell count and bone marrow atrophybone marrow atrophy

Estimated LD50 – 0.5 mg/kgEstimated LD50 – 0.5 mg/kg Burning sensation, spotty hemorrhages, Burning sensation, spotty hemorrhages,

internal hemorrhages, vomitinginternal hemorrhages, vomiting

Head Scab of WheatHead Scab of Wheat

Head Scab of WheatHead Scab of Wheat

Fusarium is not hostFusarium is not host specificspecific Soil borneSoil borne Wheat resistance known but not Wheat resistance known but not

developeddeveloped Chemical control effectiveness Chemical control effectiveness

dependent on timing and only 50-dependent on timing and only 50-60% effective.60% effective.

Countries With or Suspect of Countries With or Suspect of Having BW ProgramsHaving BW Programs

China China Taiwan Taiwan

Iran Iran Cuba Cuba Israel Israel

Russia Russia

USA USA North KoreaNorth Korea Iraq (DNF)Iraq (DNF) Syria Syria EgyptEgypt

JapanJapan

White coatWhite coat

Entomological WarfareEntomological Warfare

Infected InsectsInfected Insects

Colorado potato beetle

Japan in WW II killed 500000 chinese.Japan in WW II killed 500000 chinese.

High level threats by UNHigh level threats by UN

BiopenBiopen

INDIAN CONCERNINDIAN CONCERN

This is Black BiologyThis is Black Biology