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Biomass Town Concept in Na Duang village, Loei Province

1．Subject area

Na Duang Village (Tambol Na Duang), Na Duang District, Loei Province

2．Implementation body of Biomass Town Concept

Na Duang Village, Rice Cultivation Group (hereafter referred as “the Community”)

3．Basic information and social situation of the subject area

1) Background information of the subject area

[Location]

・ Na Duang village is one of 4 villages of Na Duang District, Loei province, located in

the northeast Thailand.

・ Loei Province is one of the 17 provinces in Northeast Thailand, which shares its border

with Lao P.D.R. in the North, Udon Thani province and Nong Khai province in the

East, Khon Kaen province and Phetchabun province in the South, and Phitsanulok

province in the West. It is located about 520km from Bangkok and is at an altitude of

400m from sea level.

[Population]

・ Na Duang village holds 3,519 population and 784 households, and 70% or 549

households are engaged in agriculture.

[Area]

・ The total area of Na Duang village is 9,747 rai (1,560ha), of which 90 percent or 8,634

rai (1,380ha) is dedicated for agriculture.

[Climate]

・ On average, Na Duang village gets heavy precipitation in the late March to the early

October, while October till February is severely dry. Temperature reaches to its

highest of about 40 degrees Celsius around April while it falls to below 0 degrees

Celsius around December.

International Symposium on

East Asia Biomass Town Concept Promotion

14th Dec 2010

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[Agriculture]

・ Similar to other areas in the northeast Thailand, Na Duang village’s major agricultural

products are Maize, Rice, Soybean and Cassava. Other products such as Mango,

Tamarind, Orange, and Rubber are also produced.

Table 1. Basic information; Na Duang District

Districts

(Amphoe)

Villages

(Tambol)

Area(Rai=0.16ha) No. of Households Population

(by gender)

Total Farmland Total Farmholds Female Male Total

Ban Tha Sa-at 12 90,376 84,695 1,860 1,718 4,274 4,474 8,878

Ban Na Dok

Kham 17 65,821 45,139 1,973 1,792 4,445 4,199 8,644

Na Duang 7 9,747 8,634 784 549 1,743 1,776 3,519

Ban Tha Sawan 5 14,293 13,539 642 609 1,573 1,493 3,066

Total 41 180,337 152,007 5,265 4,668 12,035 11,942 24,107

（source: DOAE）

In addition, similar to the neighboring province of Nong Khai, oil palm plantation has

been actively practiced by the local farmers in the area since around 2003. It is notable

that there is already approximately 7,000 Rai (1,100ha) of oil palm planted area in Loei

province, where Na Duang village is located. In Na Duang village, majority of farmers

who had started oil palm plantation joined the Community at its establishment. Oil palm

plantation is expected as a new industry in the area.

Table 2. Oil Palm Plantation in Na Duang District

B.E.

(A.D.)

Cultivation area (Rai) Harvest（Estimation）(MT)

Community Other Community Other

2548 (2006) 182.6 458 0 0

2549 (2007) 50.3 116 0 0

2550 (2008) 50.0 633 0 0

2551 (2009) 273 687

2552 (2010) 98.0 1,275 358 861

Total 380.9 2,482 631 1,548

Thai fiscal year: October-September

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Table 3. Agriculture statistics of Na Duang District (Unit: Rai=0.16ha)

Districts

(amphoe) Rice

Crops Fruits Rubber

Maize Cassava Soy

beans

Black

beans

Chili

pepper tamarind Mango Lamyai litchi Orange

1-7

yrs

8-20

yrs

Ban Tha Sa-at 4,310 10,800 900 3,200 - 40 725 238 520 10 34 1,460 6,477

Ban Na Dok

Kham 5,126 43,159 585 572 186 20 1,102 598 1,133 56 20 1,179 5,804

Na Duang 2,590 6,950 800 2,000 150 35 313 81 118 - 20 1,340 3,941

Ban Tha

Sawan 1,904 1,500 6,700 1,600 80 90 827 356 596 21 252 1,350 3,887

Total 13,930 62,409 8,985 7,372 416 185 2,967 1,273 2,367 87 326 5,329 20,109

（source: DOAE）

[Animal husbandry]

・ There is a total of 63 livestock farmholds in Na Duang village, and majority are cattle

farmers. Poultry is usually bred in small number and free-ranged in farmers garden,

therefore, does not appear in the statistics

Table 4. Animal husbandry in Na Duang village

No Livestock No. of farmholds No. of heads

1 Buffalo 8 108

2 Beef cattle 43 303

3 Dairy Cow 0 0

4 Pig 12 114

（source: DOAE）

・ Many farmers in Na Duang village culture Tilapia1 usually in small fishing ponds.

Feeders traditionally utilize rice bran as fish meal. The efficiency of feeding is not

good as feeders spread and float in the water when thrown into the fishing pond

because of rice bran’s traits (dry and small particles)

Table 5. Tilapia culture in Na Duang village

Number of

farmholds

Scale

(Rai)

Average yield

(per Rai)

Selling price

(per Kg)

Average profit

(per Rai)

898 675 120kg THB 40 - THB 1,620

1Tilapia is the common name for nearly a hundred species of cichlid fish from the tilapiine cichlid tribe. Tilapia inhabit in a variety of fresh water all over the world, and is common in Thailand for human consumption

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2) Socio-economic situation of the subject area

<Thailand>

・ Increasing need for biomass utilization：

In Thailand, import of crude oil has three folded in the last 20 years due to the

growing energy demand. Therefore, stable procurement of energy source has become

the country’s one of the most pressing issues. In addition to this, in 2007, Thailand

faced with a significant economic downturn due to the sudden rise of oil price

worldwide. Simultaneously, price of commodities, especially, of which large

proportion of production cost was occupied with oil, increased rapidly and struck

people's life in Thailand. Since then, the country is undergoing drastic review of its

economic structure highly dependent on fossil fuels. The effort to seek for use of

biofuel and substitute for products dependent on fossil fuel is continued up until now.

・ Increasing demand for organic fertilizer：

In the agricultural sector too, many farmers are seeking to use organic fertilizer rather

than chemical ones due to the emerging awareness on health and organic agriculture,

as well as the negative impact on farmers from increased price of chemical fertilizer

since the 2007. According to the National Statistics, average income in the

northeastern region in Thailand, where the majority is engaged in agriculture and/or

related business is the lowest in comparison with other zones in Thailand. Therefore

in terms rectifying the economical disparity between urban and rural area, agrarian

development policy based on biomass utilization is encouraged. The policy is bearing

fruits slowly but steadily.

<Na Duang Village>

・ Agriculture as main industry：

Agriculture accommodates the majority of earning opportunity in Na Duang village

and the main crops are maize, rubber, rice, soybean and cassava. Farmers select

advantageous crops according to the market situation. Currently, more than 50% of

fertilizer used in the area is organic. However, it is said that use of chemical fertilizer,

pesticides, and herbicides is increasing. In general the size of farmlands of individual

farmers in Thailand is relatively small. These farmlands are further subdivided into

small plots when inherited to the next generation.

・ Facilities for supporting agriculture：

In order to support agricultural activities, which is the main industry of the village,

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there are 3 compost facilities in the village including the facilities subsidized by the

local municipality, that utilizes biomass such as rice straw, rice husk, rice bran and

corncob. However, due to the difficulty of procure raw material, those facilities are not

fully operated. In another case, autonomous small farmers group is conducting survey

regarding compost, and producing compost by themselves. Compost is produced by

utilizing raw material available within the group, using space in/around residential

area and using almost only manpower and simple equipments.

・ Depopulation and aging society：

Because of limited employment opportunities and stagnant income growth rate due to

the country’s social structure which is dependent on agriculture and/or agriculture

related industry, there is a tendency that many young people migrate from villages to

cities. As a result of this, the society in the rural area is depopulating and aging.

Figure 1. Location of Na Duang Village

Na Duang District

Na Dok Kham Village

Tha Sa-at Village

村 mura 村

Tha Sawan Village

Na Duang Village

Na Duang District

(Amphoe)

Loei Province

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4．Potential/unused amount and current usage of biomass in the area

1) Potential/unused amount of biomass

Potential/unused amount and current usage of biomass resources are shown in the table below

(Also refer to appendix 1: Biomass utilization flow of main agricultural products in Na Duang

village)

Table 6. Potential/unused amount and current usage of biomass

* No specific amount is determined for ”Marginal”, requires further survey.

Biomass Potential Amount (tons）

Conversion/ treatment method

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Used amount

Utilization, sale Used

amount (%) Category Kind

Food waste Domestic waste Untreated/ fermentation

100% Raw organic matter/compost (home garden)

100％

Agricultural residue

Corncob 13,900 Direct combustion/ carbonization

Marginal Fuel Marginal

Fermentation Marginal Compost Marginal Left untreated Most Disposed 0%

Corn stalk, leaves 1,738 Left untreated 100% Disposed (mixed in farmland)

0%

Cassava stalk, leaves

2,400 Disposed 100% Disposed (mixed in farmland)

0%

Cassava broken pieces

Sun dried 100% Sold as animal feed 100%

Rice straw 4,533 Sundried Marginal Animal feed 100%

Natural fermentation

Marginal Compost raw material

Marginal

Combustion/ Left untreated

Most Disposed -

Rice husk 54 Fermentation Heat recovery

Combustion Return to farmland

Left untreated Disposed 0% Rice bran 473 - 100% Animal feed (sold) 100%

Broken rice 19 - 100% Animal feed (sold) 100% Empty fruit bunch

of oil palm Fermentation 100% Raw material of

compost 100%

Oil palm expeller (fiber)

Fermentation Raw material of compost/animal feed

100%

Oil palm kernel shell

0 Not generated - - -

Animal waste

Cattle Left untreated Most Disposed/raw organic matter

-

Fermentation Marginal Raw material of compost

Marginal

Pig Left untreated Most Disposed/raw organic matter

-

Fermentation Marginal Raw material of compost

Marginal

Chicken Left untreated Most Disposed/raw organic matter

-

Fermentation Marginal Raw material of compost

Marginal

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2) Logistics

① Rice

Every village has at least 1 rice mill. After harvest farmers separate rice straw, husked rice is

bought to rice mills in the area. Rice milling is undertook per bag. Polished rice is taken back

to farmers who bring the rice, while rice bran, rice husk and broken rice are left at rice mills.

There are 784 households in Na Duang village, and according to statistics, 1 household

(average 5 persons) consumed 600Kg/year of rice. Therefore, it is estimated that 470MT is

consumed within the village and abundant rice is brought to other areas of Na Duang District

or other Districts for sale.

② Maize and Cassava

There is no dry yard in Na Duang village, and crops including maize and cassava are brought

in and sold to dry yards in neighboring villages in other villages of the district. List of dry

yards in the district and their location are shown in the table below. Usually, farmers harvest

only the grain part of maize, and stems and leaves are left in the fields. Dry yard owners

usually harvest and buy only grains of maize in fields with their own grain separating

harvester. In this case, corncobs are left on and around fields. Maize grains bought by dry

yards are sun-dried and sold to animal feed factories outside the area. In the case of cassava,

stalks and leaves are left piled around fields, except cassava root and stalks for future

planting. Cassava roots are brought into dry yards and after sun-dried, sold to animal feed

factories.

Table7. Details of dry yards in Na Duang District

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Figure 2. Location of dry yards in Na Duang District

Legend : ● Dry yards for Cassava

■ Dry yards for Maize

▲ Dry yards for Cassava+ Maize

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5．Current situation and efforts for biomass utilization in the area

1) Biomass utilization so far

Same as typical rural villages in other South East Asian region, in Na Duang villages, the village

office, individual farmers and small scale farmer-groups have been making efforts in utilizing

the local biomass resources “as much as possible” by various local methods. Examples of the

utilization methods in the area are described as follows:

① Organic Compost

The most common utilization method of biomass resources in the area is “composting” and

the biomass resources such as rice straw, rice husk, rice bran and corncob are used as raw

material. There are three existing composting facilities in Na Duang village and nearby area

in Na Duang district including the facility established by the Government initiative.

However, some of the facilities are not in full operation as there are some challenges in

terms of raw material availability and lack of proper technology which can be applied

effectively in line with the local context.

On the other hand, some local farmer groups produce compost by themselves through

voluntary activities such as collecting information about the technology, procuring raw

material and utilizing the limited area effectively such as back yard or residential area.

Activity by the one of the most successful groups of compost production is as follows:

【Example of compost production by local farmer】

Raw material:

・ Animal waste, rice straw, black beans, soymeal and skin of peanut procured within the

“Community” [procured with free charge]

・ Market waste mainly fish and marine products, and garden waste [procured at

inexpensive price]

・ Rice bran and molasses [purchased]

・ Microorganism [self cultivation of the material provided by the land development

authority]

Production method: (Step1)mix beans, animal waste and rice bran, (Step2)adjust water

content after mixed with molasses, water and microorganism, (Step3) keep piled for

fermentation, (Step4) mixing, (Step5)degasification (Approximate 30 days in total)

The farmer heard that chemical fertilizer was required only in the first year, and after the

second year yield would start increasing and the quality (richer taste) would be enhanced.

Yield change

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1st year: 50% down compared to the conventional case (chemical fertilizer)

2nd year: 20% increase compared to the yield of the first year

3rd year: same yield as the conventional case (chemical fertilizer)

4th year: expecting same yield as the conventional case (chemical fertilizer)

Production frequency: 2 times/year (this year is 4th year)

Effect of fertilizer with microorganism will not only on depend on the composition of the

fertilizer but on the conditions of the soil.

② Animal feed use

Following composting, the second largest use is animal feed. Similar to composting, some

amount of rice straw, rice husk, rice bran and corncob have been used as raw material of

animal feed, yet majority is disposed.

③ Thermal use

Some amount of corncob is sun-dried, or carbonized to be utilized for thermal use such as

cooking purpose, but majority is disposed unused.

2) Existing biomass utilization framework

・ The Biomass Town Concept in Na Duang village was developed by the Na Duang

village office, Community, and DOA which had been providing technical support for

the Community especially oil palm cultivation.

・ In addition, the Ministry of Energy has been promoting shift of energy source from

fossil fuel to Biodiesel fuel (BDF) especially in northeastern areas of the country.

Through this project, small BDF refinery was installed in 2007 in Na Duang village as

grants

3) Related projects/plans

① Installation of bio-digester for liquid fertilizer/biogas utilization

Currently, a project to collect and utilize biogas and fermentation effluent through

anaerobic fermentation of livestock excrement is being planned. Introduction of the

project is expected to improve sanitary condition of animal husbandly, substitution of

chemical fertilizer, and substitution of thermal energy ,

② Installation of collective animal farming system

Community members and the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOAC) have a

plan to install a collective animal farm within the area to enhance efficiency of livestock

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production and the sanitary conditions of the animal farm. This plan is also expected to

enhance the efficiency of biogas and liquid fertilizer collection project (project ① above) in

simultaneous implementation.

③ Installation of small scale crude palm oil mill

Community members are planning to install small scale Crude Palm Oil (CPO) mill by

using the low interest loan provided by the Ministry of Energy. As more and more palm oil

fresh fruit bunch (FFB) will be harvested in the area within several years-time, and FFB can

be processed within the area and furthermore, the extracted CPO can be processed to

substitute of light oil in the simple BDF refinery which is not effectively utilized now.

④ Fish cultivation

Community members have already obtained a license for fish cultivation within the area,

and planning to start tilapia cultivation soon. Once this project is implemented, there will

be a demand for organic fish meal using local biomass resources.

4) Existing facilities

- BDF refining facility (100L/batch), which is leased by the Ministry of Energy to the Loei

prefecture government office, is in operation. (4 units in Loei Provence, 1 in Na Duang

village)

- Composting facilities (3 units) and home composting at each farmer’s yard.

6．Basic principles for Biomass Town Concept formulation

1) Utilization methods of biomass in the area

The Biomass Town Concept aims holistic utilization of unused biomass resource generated in

the area, at the same time activating agricultural activities and providing solutions to issues in

the area such as bad odor from traditional livestock farming, while considering oil palm

plantation that is expected as a new industry which is beginning in the community.

① Biogas recovery/utilization from animal waste

In view of avoiding bad odor and enhancing efficiency of livestock raising, transformation

of livestock husbandry system from small-scale faming to collective farming is being

planned through installation of collective animal farm. Collection of methane gas that can

be generated under controlled anaerobic fermentation process, and utilization of residue as

liquid fertilizer for oil palm plantation is being considered.

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② Composting

Currently, there are 3 composting facilities in the village. However, the facilities still have

room for improvement in terms of introducing optimal compost production technique,

scale and knowledge adequate for the area. Therefore, to manufacture compost that can

meet the needs of local farmers, enough attention shall be paid for the procurement of raw

material and improvement of efficiency by centralized operation.

Meanwhile, if considerations are made to centralize existing compost manufacturing

activities by some small groups of farmers already in operation, enough attention has to be

made regarding benefit of small farmers

Specifically, it is recommended that the community introduce know-how and/or

technology from respectable research works of the Thai Government on the items shown

as below;

- standardize organic fertilizer,

- contributing for high productivities,

- promotion of high quality crops,

- improvement of resistance against pests and diseases, and

- improvement of efficiency by centralization of operation.

③ Biomass utilization as animal feed and fish meal

Currently, only limited amount of biomass (rice straw, rice husk, rice bran, corncob) is

utilized as feeder of animal feed. However, biomass that can be feeder for animal feed, such

as corncob is largely left unused. Presently, farmers use traditional feed to their animals

(livestock and domestic poultry). However it is desired to develop high quality feeds by

utilizing that un-utilized biomass in the area. The Community also has a plan to start fish

culture at the nearby reservoir and has already acquired approval of the local authority. It

will be worthwhile to study and develop high quality fish meal for this plan.

④ Thermal recovery

Currently, sun-dried or carbonized corncob is utilized as thermal source for cooking.

However, there is more biomass resource that can be utilized for thermal source yet not

fully be utilized. Considering further utilization of biomass for thermal use can be a means

to substitute and reduce the use of fossil fuel, at the same time providing potential for

biomass from oil palm.

Figure below shows the outline of biomass utilization plan in Na Duang village.

Implementation of each project is expected to deliver economic benefit through value

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added use of biomass, and to promote sustainable agriculture through circular use of

biomass.

Figure 3. Biomass flow and utilization in Na Duang village

2) General direction for Biomass Town formulation

① Implementation framework

Biomass Town Concept shall be promoted under committees consisting of stakeholders from

Na Duang Village office and other related stakeholders. The Community is the

implementation body for the realization of Biomass Town Concept.

DOA and MOE shall provide technical advices regarding biomass utilization related to each

department/ministry’s expertise as well as subsidiary required to set up facilities for biomass

utilization.

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Figure 4. Implementation framework

② Schedule towards Biomass Town Concept realization

Schedule towards realization of Biomass Town Concept is as shown in the table below.

Activities shall be implemented following the schedule, under the implementation

framework presented above.

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Table 7. Schedule for biomass utilization (tentative)

Timing Activities

Fiscal year 2009

2009, Dec Registration of Community to MOAC as Na Duang Rice Cultivation Group 2009, March Standardization of compost manufacturing process and composition at the

Community. Commencement of activities to prevalence of compost manufacturing within the area.

Fiscal year 2010

2010, July Approval of Deputy Secretary, MOAC for the launch of Central Committee for Biomass Town Concept and Project Implementation Unit.

2010, October Commencement of preparation for launching Central Committee and Project Implementation Unit.

2010, November Formulation of Biomass Town Concept Commencement of project planning Commencement of project implementation (bio-digester, mushroom farming ) 2010, December Launch subcommittee for liquid fertilizer production (study on compost

manufacturing, technology and feed composition and manufacturing, farmland application trials; estimation of appropriate amount of liquid fertilizer manufacturing; selection of candidate production location for future expansion of the activity).

Commencement of biogas usage with personal cooking stove and feasibility study of biogas usage for lightning.

Commencement of mushroom farming (oil palm mill residue + bio-digester effluent)

Commencement of study on validity of bio-digester slurry in fish cultivation (planned)

Commencement of BDF facility (BDF facility installed, planned)

7．Target of biomass utilization and expected benefit from each project

1) Target of biomass utilization

In this Biomass Town Concept Promotion Project, projects will be implemented step by step.

Specifically, all projects are divide into 3 phases, starting from composting (liquid fertilizer),

which is regarded as rather simple with less investment as 1st phase, to project with facilities

and equipment that requires a certain amount of investment as the last or 3rd phase.

Agricultural residue will be considered to be utilized as raw material for manufacturing

compost (liquid fertilizer), animal feed and fish meal, while both solid and liquid wastes from

animal husbandry will be utilized for source of biogas. Remaining residue after biogas

collection will be utilized as raw material for manufacturing organic fertilizer, but this is with

premises of setting up collective animal farm in the area.

The target for implementation shall be to reach 100 % of participation rate of the Community

member to the Project within 3 years, and 50% of participation rate of farmers in the subject area

who do not belong to the Community within 3 years of the Project commencement.

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Table 8. Steps for biomass utilization

Phase Activities Subject Biomass Notes

Phase 1 Anaerobic fermentation treatment of animal waste

Agriculture residue, animal waste

Composting utilizing unused biomass, collection of biogas and liquid fertilizer and utilizing unused animal waste (characteristic of liquid fertilizer to be studied by DOA)

Phase 2 Compost production Agriculture residue, animal waste

Compost production utilizing unused biomass

Phase 3 Production of animal feed

Agriculture residue Animal feed production utilizing unused biomass suitable for feeder such as corncob

Collective animal farming system

Animal waste As a part of collective animal husbandry initiative and utilize liquid fertilizer and biogas

Installation of CPO facility (unit)

Fresh fruit bunch of oil palm

Installation of small milling equipment adequate for small-holder’s use (Under consideration)

Utilization of oil palm biomass

Oil palm biomass generated from milling

Utilization plan for biomass residue generated from palm oil milling

2) Expected benefits

The project is expected to not only improve the livelihood of farmholds by lowering purchase

cost of chemical fertilizer but also to improve the farmers’ labor conditions and to deliver other

benefits such as; economic advantage through improving yielding and quality of their produce;

improved safety of agricultural works by replacing chemical fertilizers with organic compost.

Besides all of these benefits, in case any manufacturers come and set up factories or other

business bases in the area, it may create new jobs for people in the area too. As Loei province is

counted as one of nature - rich tourist destinations of Thailand, the area may have a better

image by implementing these projects with further biomass utilization.

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8. Development of project and discussion with stakeholders so far

1) Process and development

Activities towards Biomass Town Concept formulation started in September 2009. Process of

project till now is summarized in the table below;

Table 9. Project process among stakeholders; 2009-present

Time Agenda Notes

Fiscal Year 2009

10, 11th

Sept

1st Seminar

(Loei Province)

Meeting with local community

Field Survey (MOAC, Na Duang

Community related persons, Head of DoAE

Na Duang Office）

9th , Dec 2nd Seminar

(Loei Province, 20 local

participants)

Explanation and opinion exchange meeting

regarding Biomass Town Concept for local

stakeholders

17th, Dec Meeting of 300 farmers in Na

Duang, organized by

community

Commencement of project planning for

Biomass Town Concept by each farmers’

group around December

18th, Dec 3rd Seminar

(Loei Province)

Dr. Somjate, community related personnel,

Head of DoAE Na Duang Office

5th, Mar Workshop

(Bangkok and Loei province)

Publication of Biomass Town Concept (draft)

and field tour in Na Duang village, inviting

relevant departments of central government

Fiscal Year 2010

Aug Discussion with

stakeholders

(Community Center)

Na Duang village leader, Head of DoAE Na

Duang Office, Na Duang Community

related persons, DOA related persons

Dec International Symposium on

Biomass Town Promotion

(Bangkok, Na Duang)

Publication of the Concept and field visit

to Na Duang village

December 2007, a seminar was held at Loei Palace Hotel, Loei province, with the participation

from the Community members, Head of DoAE of Na Duang office and other related

stakeholders. Based on the discussion held at the seminar, community members are divided

into small groups of 7-20 people, and each group proposed projects that can meet the principle

of Biomass Town Concept to utilize local biomass. List of proposed projects is summarized in

the table below;

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Table 10. Projects Proposed by small groups

No. Activities (plan) Groups No. of people

in groups

1 Beef cattle farming（expansion） 6 62

2 Pig farming（expansion） 4 34

3 Compost production 2 21

4 Improvement of irrigation facility 5 50

5 Installation of sprinkler 3 24

6 Commercial crop production /processing 5 45

7 Animal feed production 1 7

8 Small outlet-shop operation 1 7

9 Passion fruits production 2 22

10 Oil Palm Production (Expansion) 2 17

11 Dragon Fruits production 1 7

12 Aqua-farming 2 27

＊ Only 1person from 1 farmhold is registered as member, therefore, number of

member equals to number of farmholds

Policy committee to support the project at governmental level, and executive committee for

actual implementation of projects shall be organized by DOA of MOAC (liaison organization

for Thai government’s official support for the Project). The two committees shall be in frequent

communication and be prepared to support the effort for earliest realization of each project.

The table below shows the list of committee members for Biomass Town Concept Promotion

Project;

Table 11. Committee for Biomass Town Concept promotion

in Na Duang Village; list of committee member

Name Title Organization

Mr. Montree Champasiri President

Community

(Na Duang Rice Cultivation Group)

Sutti kamma

Saiton Siwana

Sendaw Takwan

Biyata Kaetialom

Sussac konna

Pattaraty Phinkam

Mr.Sampard Surachaipany Adviser Head of Department of Agriculture

Extension Na Duang Office

Dr.Somjate Prathoommintra Adviser DOA Chief Researcher

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(Appendix 1) Biomass utilization flow of main agricultural products in Na Duang

village

In this fiscal year, research was conducted on village’s major crops, rice, maize, cassava, in

terms of crop calendar and biomass material flow (detailed information of logistics and use

of biomass generated from those crops). It is not a easy process to grapes where and how the

products and biomass is used, the followings are the achievement so far.

①Rice

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②Maize

③ Cassava

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(Appendix 2) Land Use Map of Na Duang District

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Table: Land Use in Na Duang Interpret from LANDSAT Image 2007-2008

Land use in Naduang Area_(rai） Area_(ha) %

Banana 43 6.88 0.0%

Cassava 27,445 4391.2 7.4%

Corn 147,903 23664.48 40.0%

Mixed field crop 5,809 929.44 1.6%

Eucaluptus 452 72.32 0.1%

Longan 783 125.28 0.2%

Mango 1,060 169.6 0.3%

Para rubber 10,671 1707.36 2.9%

Tamarind 11,254 1800.64 3.0%

Scrub 8,603 1376.48 2.3%

Mixed orchard 5,165 826.4 1.4%

Rice paddy 23,579 3772.64 6.4%

Subtotal_Agricultural land 242,767 38,843 65.6%

Dense deciduous forest 27,366 4378.56 7.4%

Disturbed deciduous forest 76,996 12319.36 20.8%

Teak 15,245 2439.2 4.1%

Subtotal_forest area 119,607 19,137 32.3%

Village 4,047 647.52 1.1%

City, Town, Commercial 417 66.72 0.1%

Institutional land 312 49.92 0.1%

Subtotal_city area 4,776 764 1.3%

Farm pond 224 35.84 0.1%

Reservoir 2,486 397.76 0.7%

Subtotal_water resource 2,710 434 0.7%

Total area 369,860 59,178 100.0%

Forest area, 32%

City area,1%

Water resource, 1%

Agricultural land, 66%

Land use in Na Duang Area_(rai） Area_(ha) %

Banana 43 6.88 0.0%

Cassava 27,445 4391.2 7.4%

Corn 147,903 23664.48 40.0%

Mixed field crop 5,809 929.44 1.6%

Eucaluptus 452 72.32 0.1%

Longan 783 125.28 0.2%

Mango 1,060 169.6 0.3%

Para rubber 10,671 1707.36 2.9%

Tamarind 11,254 1800.64 3.0%

Scrub 8,603 1376.48 2.3%

Mixed orchard 5,165 826.4 1.4%

Rice paddy 23,579 3772.64 6.4%

Subtotal_Agricultural land 242,767 38,843 65.6%

Dense deciduous forest 27,366 4378.56 7.4%

Disturbed deciduous forest 76,996 12319.36 20.8%

Teak 15,245 2439.2 4.1%

Subtotal_forest area 119,607 19,137 32.3%

Village 4,047 647.52 1.1%

City, Town, Commercial 417 66.72 0.1%

Institutional land 312 49.92 0.1%

Subtotal_city area 4,776 764 1.3%

Farm pond 224 35.84 0.1%

Reservoir 2,486 397.76 0.7%

Subtotal_water resource 2,710 434 0.7%

Total area 369,860 59,178 100.0%

Cassava, 7.4%

Corn, 40.0%

Mixed field crop, 1.6%

Eucaluptus, 0.1%

Longan, 0.2%

Mango, 0.3%Para rubber, 2.9%

Tamarind, 3.0%

Scrub, 2.3%Mixed orchard, 1.4%

Rice paddy, 6.4%