Biology and Behavior. Our Behavior is largely influence by our Biology.
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Transcript of Biology and Behavior. Our Behavior is largely influence by our Biology.
Biology and Behavior
Our Behavior is largely influence by
our Biology
The Brain is like the center control
BRAINThe brain is a mass of billions of
neurons
Three main parts of the brain1.Brain stem
- is the lowest section of the brain which connects it to the spinal cord.
2.Cerebellum - is at the back of the brain stem and is linked to it by nerve tracts.
3.Cerebrum - it is the largest part of the brain.
Cerebrum - The largest division of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, each of which is divided into four lobes.
Cerebrum
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif
The CerebrumThe cerebrum is divided into sections
or lobes.The four lobes are:
1. frontal2. temporal
3. parietal4. occipital
Frontal LobeThe Frontal Lobe
Controls:1.Motor Functions2.Higher Order Functions3.Planning 4.Reasoning5.Judgment 6.Impulse Control7.Memory
3 Divisions1.Prefrontal Cortex
- Controls the expression of personality, planning and cognitive processes
- Lobotomies
2.Motor3.Premotor Areas
Motor and Premotor areas deal with
voluntary muscle movement
TemporalFunctions of the Temporal Lobe:1. Hearing 2. Memory3. Speech
4. Emotional Responses5. Visual Perception
Lobes of the Brain - Parietal Lobe
The Parietal Lobe of the brain is located deep to the Parietal Bone of the skull.
• It plays a major role in the following functions/actions:
- Senses and integrates sensation(s)
- Spatial awareness and perception(Proprioception - Awareness of
body/ body parts in space and in relation to each other)
Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
Lobes of the Brain – Occipital Lobe
The Occipital Lobe of the Brain is located deep to the Occipital Bone of the Skull.
• Its primary function is the processing, integration, interpretation, etc. of
VISION and visual stimuli.
Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
The Nervous System
Nervous System• Responsible for regulating 5 things
1. Internal functions2. Reactions
3. External Events4. Learning 5. Memory
2 Major Components of the Nervous Sytem
1. The Central Nervous System2. The Peripheral Nervous System
Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Transmits messages from Brain to Muscles and glands throughout body
- Made up of 2 parts1. Brain2. Spinal Chord
The Peripheral Nervous System
(PNS)Sends messages between the CNS and all other
parts of the body
Divided into 2 parts1. Somatic
• Communicates with the skin and skeletal muscles.2. Autonomic
• Communicates with smooth muscles, heart muscle and glands.
Somatic Nervous System
• Soma = body• Controls • Muscles• Tendons • Joints• Voluntary functions
Made up of a multitude of Afferent and Efferent neuron
pairings
Afferent vs. Efferent Neurons
Afferent neurons• Incoming – sensory
neurons• Examples: Skin
Efferent Neurons• Outgoing neurons –
motor neurons
Afferent and Efferent Explained a little differentlyAfferent neurons are like the
little brother who gets picked on and then goes and calls on his bigger brother (Efferent neurons) to come and take care of business.
Afferent – the messengerEfferent – the muscle
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=EjBPUdLOVHU
Autonomic Nervous System
The Involuntary control center
Example: Shine a light in someone’s eye, the eye
dilates
Divided into 2 systems:
1.Sympathetic2.Parasympatheti
c
Sympathetic Branch
1. Expands energy when body needs it - Ex: getting a 2nd wind
2. Responds in sympathy of hard times (instinctual emotional response)
3. Speed up body processes when necessary-Ex: adrenaline rush
Adrenaline!
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=IE6an0WtjmI
Fight or Flighthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=6gLoivg6EJs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQUv37Tl1qc
Parasympathetic Branch
- “Para” means “alongside”- Mends and restores the energy that
you’ve lost- Often happens when you’re unconscious
- Ex: Sleeping- Ex: Passing Out after adrenaline rush- Ex: Getting light-headed after workout
= your nervous system telling your body to slow down
Chemicals and hormones and their
transmission throughout our body influence
behavior, cognitions and emotions
Neuron