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Biológia angol nyelven emelt szint — írásbeli vizsga 1713

EMBERI ERŐFORRÁSOK MINISZTÉRIUMA

Azonosító jel:

BIOLÓGIA ANGOL NYELVEN

EMELT SZINTŰ ÍRÁSBELI VIZSGA

2017. május 16. 8:00

Időtartam: 240 perc

Pótlapok száma Tisztázati Piszkozati

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Biológia angol nyelven emelt szint

1713 írásbeli vizsga 2 / 20 2017. május 16.

Azonosító jel:

Important information

Read the following instructions carefully before you start your work. You have 240 minutes to complete your advanced level examination. Your written paper consists of two parts. For answering correctly the tasks (I-IX.) compulsory for everyone you are awarded 80 points. The last task (X.) contains two versions (A and B). You only have to complete one of them. You can be awarded the total of 20 points for answering only one of the two optional tasks. It means that by answering both you cannot get more points. If you do start answering both optional tasks cross out the one with a pen which you do not want to be included. If you fail to do this the examiners will automatically evaluate the ‘a’ version. Your questions are either multiple choice or open-ended ones. When answering multiple choice questions you need to write one or two capital letters into the empty boxes. These are the letters of the correct answer or answers. Make sure that your answers are unambiguous, otherwise they will not be accepted. If you want to correct your answer cross out the wrong one and write the correct letter next to it. When answering open-ended questions, you need to write technical terms, a few words, a whole sentence or several sentences or an essay. Mind your grammar because if your answer is not understandable because of bad grammar, or because it is ambiguous (e.g. it is not clear what the subject of the sentence is), it will not be acceptable even if it contains the correct terms. Points cannot be given for contradictory answers given to the same question. Each correct answer is awarded 1 point, unless otherwise indicated. Use black or blue pen.

Do not write anything into the grey boxes

Good luck for your work.

A D A D C B D correct acceptable wrong



Azonosító jel:

I. A peculiar way of living together 8 points

Fungal hyphae living together with tree roots are shown in the picture. The parts indicated by ‘A’ are the extensions of the root epidermal cells. 1. Name the part marked ‘A’.

………………………………………….

2. Describe the function of part ‘A’ in plant life. ………...……..…………………………

………………………………………….

According to measurements carried out, in the presence of hyphae 15% less fertiliser is required to provide adequate supply of nutrients for the plants. 3. Describe the function of the hyphae in the interaction which is supported by the measurements above. ………………………………………… …………………………………………

The host plant provides organic substances produced in photosynthesis for the fungus. These substances are transported in the tissue marked ‘B’ from the leaves towards the roots. 4. Name the part of the transport tissue marked ‘B’ and also the element (cell) of the tissue, in which the transport of organic substances takes place. (2 points) ………………………………………… …………………………………………… The drought resistance of plants whose roots were surrounded by hyphae showed significant increase compared to the control ones. 5. Describe the function of the hyphae in the interaction which is supported by the above result. …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6. Name the type of population interaction between the fungus and the host plant based on the

above information. …………………………………………………………………………….

Plants living together with hyphae are not damaged by other fungi as much as plants developing without fungal hyphae. 7. Give a possible explanation for the phenomenon. …………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Total

hypha outside the plant root

fungal cells

fungal layer



Azonosító jel:

II. Snail infected with fluke 10 points

‘The sheep gaze fluke on the poor pasture’ Arany János: Maiz harvest

The liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) achieves sexual maturity in 2-3 months within the bile ducts of a ruminant host animal (e.g. sheep). The flukes mutually fertilise each other and their offspring leave the infected sheep in the faeces in their thousands. Part of the life cycle of the larvae takes place within the body of the freshwater snail (Galba truncatula) where the larvae can multiply by undergoing divisions. The snail lives and feeds in spring water. After destroying and leaving the snail the larvae are carried by the flooding spring water and climb on to blades of grass and encyst. If grazing animals especially ruminants eat the fluke along with the grass the worm can find its way into the liver and bile ducts of the host animal. Compare the liver fluke belonging to the group of flatworms and the freshwater snail with regard to their mode of life. Write the appropriate letters into the empty boxes. (5 points)

A) Liver fluke B) Freshwater snail C) Both of them D) Neither of them

1. It has non-segmented body.

2. Its digestive system branches profusely.

3. It feeds on the body fluids of ruminants.

4. It has capillaries in its body.

5. It has a blindly ending digestive system with one opening.

Digestive system of the liver fluke



Azonosító jel:

Compare the three species with regard to their modes of reproduction. Write the numbers of the statements into the correct sets of the Venn diagram. (4 points)

6. During its development it utilises the organic substances circulating in the blood of the host animal.

7. It is hermaphroditic.

8. It can only reproduce sexually.

9. The zygote contains the genetic material of two different individuals.

10. Large numbers of liver fluke larvae can develop in one single snail. In what way would

it be possible to tell whether the larvae have been produced by sexual or asexual

reproduction?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Total

sheep liver fluke

freshwater snail



Azonosító jel:

III. Returning home to the nest 7 points The females of wall bee (Chalicodoma species / muraria) nurture their larvae on their own by visiting their nests regularly with the insects they gathered. Having read the writings of Jean-Henri Fabre French entomologist*, Darwin advised the following experiment to Fabre. “Allow me to make a suggestion with regard to your most fascinating report on the insects finding their ways back to their homes. The insects have to be carried in a paper bag a hundred steps in the opposite direction to where you intend to take them. Before you go back to your starting point you have to put the insects in a cylindrical box supplied with an axis so that it can be quickly rotated one and the other way in order for the insects to lose their sense of direction completely for a while. The reason I am telling you this is that sometimes I believe that they are capable of sensing the direction in which they were taken.”

Charles Darwin “(…) Following Darwin’s advice I set out to carry out the experiment. On 2nd May 1880 I mark ten wall bees with white paint on their thorax then after the paint is dry I carry them for half a kilometre in the opposite direction to where I want to go later. I repeat the rotation three times on my way back towards the nests. The end of the road, which is a stony flat terrain with scattered almond trees and a few groups of evergreen oaks, is at a distance of three kilometres from the starting point where the nests are. I release them at quarter past two in the afternoon. Antonia, who is my eldest daughter, acting as a watch at the site of the nests, spots the first ‘traveller’ arrive quarter of an hour later. Until night three out of ten bees get back. The next day I repeat the experiment at the same spot/location. I mark ten wall bees with red. The rules and rotations are the same. (…) I release the insects at 11:15 a.m., because they are more active in the morning hours. Antonia spots one marked bee return at 11:20 a.m.. The final result: four out of ten. (…) Next year I continue the experiments. Now I release 40 bees in a clearing of a dense forest. This time 9 found their way home to the nest.”

Fragments from the writings of J. H. Fabre (1881) *Entomology: the study of insects.

After reading the excerpt answer the following questions. 1. Why did Darwin suggest that the wall bees collected should be carried in a dark paper

bag during the experiment?

………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. What was the reason for Fabre marking the bees involved in the experiment with

different colours? …………………………………………………………………………………………...

3. Based on the sum total of all three experiments, what percentage of the bees returned to

their nests during the days of the investigation?

…………….…………..………………..………………………………………………..



Azonosító jel:

4. Which variables did Fabre change during the series of experiments? (2 points)

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

5. Calculate the minimum speed at which the fastest wall bee flew in the experiment. Write down your calculations.

6. Describe what else should be measured if we were to investigate the disturbing effect

the rotation of the bags had on the spatial orientation of the bees.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Total

IV. Oxygen in the water 10 points Both the oxygen bound in the water molecule and the oxygen dissolved in the water are important for the living organisms. Compare their biological significance. Write the correct letters into boxes.

A) Oxygen bound chemically in the water molecule B) Oxygen gas dissolved in water C) Both of them D) Neither of them

1. It is released in the photosynthesis of aquatic plant.

2. Plants require it as a hydrogen acceptor in their cellular respiration.

3. Fish can use it as a hydrogen acceptor in their cellular respiration.

4. It is an important oxygen source for aquatic mammals. 5. Its concentration is largely dependent on environmental factors such as the

temperature of the water.

6. Its bonds can be rearranged in chemical reaction.

7. It derives from the reacting glucose molecules during the formation of starch.

8. It can be found in the human blood plasma.

9. It is indispensable for fermentation bacteria.

10. It played an important role in Miller’s experimental design.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Total



Azonosító jel:

V. The cell: the city surrounded by walls 8 points The following comparison comes from a magazine: ‘The human cell works like a town surrounded by walls. Power stations produce the energy for the cell. Factories manufacture the proteins — the products required in chemical trade. Complex transport systems carry the chemical substances within and to the outside of the cell. At border checkpoints guards control the export and import* and watch out for signs signalling threat from the outside world. A disciplined biological army is on alert to attack the invaders. A centralised genetic government maintains order.’

(based on a Newsweek article) *export and import: transport out and into Name which cellular components and organelles the following comparisons refer to. (5 points)

1. Border checkpoint: …………………….……………………………………………...…..

2. Power stations: …………………………………………………………………….………

3. Centralised genetic government: ……………………………………………………..........

4. Factories manufacturing proteins: …………………………………………………………

5. Transport systems: ………………………………………………………………..……….. 6. Ribosomes play an important role in cells. Which one of the following statements is true

for the ribosomes? A) They are surrounded by membranes. B) Proteins synthesised on the surface of free ribosomes in the cytoplasm are transported

outside the cells. C) They are made up of transfer RNA and proteins. D) They also occur in prokaryotic cells. E) The process of transcription is carried out on their surfaces.

7. Name two features visible in the Figure on the basis of which it is possible to tell whether it is a plant or an animal cell. (2 points) ……………………………………………….

……...……….……………………………….

…………..……...……………………………

……………………………………………….

……………….…..…………………………..

……………….…..…………………………..

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Total



Azonosító jel:

VI. Investigations with human blood 8 points Three investigations are carried out with the blood of a person tested. First, the blood smear prepared from his blood is viewed under light microscope. The picture shows what can be observed.

1. Which of the following statements is true for the cells observed?

A) The cells marked ‘B’ are produced in the liver. B) The number of cells marked ‘A’ is lower in people living at high altitudes than the

average. C) In general, the number of cells marked ‘A’ is higher in women than in men. D) The cells marked ‘A’ have an important role to play in the transport of carbon dioxide. E) The cells marked ‘B’ play a role in triggering the process of blood clotting. We continue our investigation. A few drops of blood are placed on a watch glass. After a few minutes the drop turns gelatinous. What happened during the process? Fill in the gaps with the words listed below in the following text. (You do not need to use all the words listed below.)

red blood cells blood platelets white blood cells fibrin fibrinogen Ca2+-ions K+-ions

Of the formed elements of the blood the ……………………. (2.) play(s) an important role in

this transformation. The prothrombin produced in the process was turned into active thrombin.

This activation can only take place in the presence of …………...…………. (3.). It was the

thrombin that catalysed the transformation of the ………………………… (4.) molecules into

………………………. (5.) molecules. At the end of the process insoluble fibres are produced

which form a web. This fibrous web along with the cellular components/formed elements

adhered to it caused the blood to turn gelatinous.

Finally, two drops of blood plasma, one from a person with blood group A and another one from a person with blood group B, are placed on a glass plate and one drop of blood coming from the person being tested is added to each drop of plasma. The precipitation of small blood clots can be seen in each case.

A

B



Azonosító jel:

6. What blood group does the person tested have? Give your reason for your answer. (The words antibody and antigen should be included in your answer.) (2 points)

……….…………………………………………………………………………………………

……..…………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. Which blood groups can the parents of the person tested belong to?

A) One of the parents must have blood group ‘A’, while the other ‘B’. B) One of the parents must have blood group ‘AB’, while the other ‘O’. C) One of the parents had to carry ‘A’, while the other ‘B’ antigens. D) Neither the mother, nor the father could carry the ‘O’ allel. E) Both the mother and the father must have had blood group ‘AB’.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Total

VII. Vitamin D 11 points The term vitamin was originally used to refer to organic substances required only in small amounts, which the body has to receive in the form of food. Based on our current understanding of its function, vitamin D does not fully satisfy this criterion but as an ‘honorary member’ we still classify it as a vitamin. The UV component of the sunlight causes the 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin to turn into vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), which is not yet the biologically active substance. The vitamin D3 can be found in many of our foods (marine fish, liver, egg yolk), which are all suitable sources to meet our vitamin D3 requirements. The vitamin D3 is then converted into 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the liver, which, in turn, is transported to the kidney (in the cells of the convoluted tubules), where it is acted upon by an enzyme (1-alfa-hydroxylase) and turned into 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, which is the biologically active form of vitamin D. It is for this last conversion that the parathormone is required and without which the reaction is prevented. The active vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) binds to a receptor protein within the cytoplasm of the intestinal epithelial cells and the active vitamin D-receptor complex regulate the transcription of genes, whose protein products are involved in the active absorption of calcium. As a result, the rate of absorption of calcium from the intestine is increased. 1. Name the endocrine gland which produces the parathormone ……………………. 2. What triggers the increased secretion of the parathormone?

A) The thyroid stimulating hormone of the hypophysis. B) The high level of calcium in the food consumed. C) The low level of calcium in the blood. D) The high level of calcium in the blood. E) The presence of the active vitamin D.



Azonosító jel:

Based on the information provided and your knowledge fill in the gaps of the following text about rickets with the words listed below. (You do not need to use all the words) (5 points)

skin, epithelial cell, vitamin D3, kidney, thyroxin, induces, inhibits, liver, active vitamin D, parathormone

Apart from inadequate nutrition rickets is caused primarily by the lack of sunlight. The lack of

UV light prevents the 7-dehydrocholesterol from being converted into vitamin D3

(cholecalciferol) in the …………………..(3.), without which no 25-hydroxycholecalciferol can

be produced in the …………………..(4.). In the absence of this latter compound

………………………….(5.) cannot be synthetised in the kidney, in spite of the fact that the

…………………………. (6.) is present, which ………………………(7) the absorption of

calcium from the intestine. Inadequate absorption of calcium adversely affects bone formation.

8. Based on the information provided and your knowledge chose the correct statements in connection with the synthesis and effects of vitamin D. (2 points) A) The active vitamin D is formed in the intestinal epithelial cells. B) The mechanism of action of the active vitamin D is similar to that of steroid hormones,

which pass into the cell and regulate the cellular processes at the level transcription. C) The active vitamin D is not able to pass through the cell membrane of the intestinal

epithelial cells. D) The active vitamin D is formed in the skin. E) The parathormone is indispensable for the synthesis of active vitamin D. 9. The calcium ions are absorbed from the intestine into the blood. Put the following parts of the circulatory system in the order in which the calcium travels along them from the site of absorption in the intestine to the femur bone. The first and the last parts are given for you.

A) capillaries of the intestinal villi B) left ventricle C) right ventricle D) hepatic vein E) pulmonary vein F) pulmonary artery G) femoral artery

10. Name the hormone responsible for the incorporation of calcium into the bones!

………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Total

G

A



Azonosító jel:

VIII. Myasthenia gravis 11 points Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease. The organism launches an immune response against its own proteins required for bringing about movements just like against the proteins of foreign organisms. All this results in impaired functioning of the skeletal muscles as well as their temporary or permanent paralysis.

In order for us to move our muscles (e.g. limbs) the message ‘move’ originating from the brain is transmitted throughout the peripheral nerves to the muscle cells. If the message cannot be passed on from the nerves to the muscles even with the brain and other parts of the nervous system and the muscles working perfectly well, the muscle cannot do its job due to the lack of signal. It is like someone who cannot hear the ringing of the phone. The telephone network is faultless, the phone is ringing, the hand could pick it up, but if the person cannot hear the ringtone s/he cannot respond to the call. Several molecules take part in the transmission of information in the neuro-muscular junction, of which acetylcholine is one of the most important one. Acetylcholine is released from the axon terminal of the motor neuron and move to the membrane of the muscle cell to be recognised by it, in other words the muscle cell should ‘hear’ the call. In order to hear it the muscle cell applies a protein molecule called acetylcholine receptor, which acts as the ‘ear’ of the muscle. In myasthenia gravis it is this receptor protein that the immune system produces antibodies against, which, in turn, causes the degradation of the protein molecule. It means that although both the nervous system and the muscle function perfectly well the muscle ‘cannot hear the call’ and cannot move.

(Based on the writing of Dr. Zsolt Illés )

Based on the information provided and your knowledge name the parts of the neuro-muscular synapse indicated by the capital letters. The letter ‘C’ indicates the two most important protein molecules involved in the contraction of muscles. Name both of them.

(5 points)

1. A:……………………………..

2. B:………………………………

3. C:……………………………… and …………………………………..

4. D:………………………………

A

B antibody-molecule

D

C



Azonosító jel:

5. Where can the cell body of the motor neuron shown in the picture be located?

A) In the cerebral cortex. B) In the ventral horn of the spinal cord grey matter. C) In the dorsal horn of the spinal cord grey matter. D) In the dorsal root ganglion. E) In the spinal nerve.

6. Let us suppose that the muscle fibre shown in the picture is found in the biceps muscle of the left arm. Where is the cell body of the neuron whose axon runs in the descending motor pathway and carries impulse towards the motor neuron shown in the picture?

A) In the motor cortex of the left frontal lobe. B) In the motor cortex of the right frontal lobe. C) In the cerebellum. D) In the motor cortex of the left parietal lobe. E) In the motor cortex of the right parietal lobe.

7. Apart from the action potential formed in the muscle fibre the most important conditions required for the muscle to contract are that the muscle fibre should contain adequate amounts of … (2 points)

A) ATP B) keratin C) haemoglobin D) calcium ion E) starch

8. Which of the following statements are true in connection with the myasthenia gravis disease? (2 points)

A) The exocytosis of the synaptic vesicles is inhibited. B) The rate of acetylcholine breakdown is too high in the synaptic cleft. C) The spatial structure of the acetylcholine receptor is faulty. D) The antibody binds to the acetylcholine receptor which is of the correct spatial structure. E) The travelling action potential is unable to spread from the axon terminal of the motor

neuron to the muscle fibre.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Total



Azonosító jel:

IX. Red eyed rats 7 points The occurrence of albinism and the pigment deficient condition was investigated in two rat populations. In rats suffering from the disorder there is a complete lack of pigmentation (melanin) of the skin, fur and iris. The disorder appears in both sexes with equal probability.

1. How is the type of albinism described above inherited? Write the appropriate letters into

the boxes. (2 points)

A) It is an autosomal character. B) It is a sex-linked character. C) It is a dominant character. D) It is inherited as a recessive character. E) It is a character linked to the ‘Y’ chromosome.

2. Which of the following statements are true for the albino rats? (The possibility of

mutation is ruled out.) (2 points) A) Their eyes are red, which is caused by the colour of the choroid at the back of the eye. B) Their eyes are red because the lack of melanin causes the red colour to build up in the

iris, which makes it appear red. C) If they are crossed with normally pigmented rats, there can be both albino and

normally pigmented individuals found among the offspring. D) If they are crossed among themselves, there can be both white and grey fur colour

appearing among the offspring. E) Their parents must have had white fur colour.

3. In a theoretical rat population 6 albinos were found out of the total 580. What percentage

of the population is heterozygous if the population is assumed to be in genetic equilibrium? Support your answer with calculations. (Round your results to two decimal places in your calculations.) (2 points)

4. The population was assumed to be in a genetic equilibrium during the calculation in the

former question. Give one possible reason why this population cannot be regarded as an ideal one in genetic equilibrium. ………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………....

1. 2. 3. 4. Total



Azonosító jel:

Optional tasks X. A Pathogens and immunity 20 points Infectious diseases 10 points Write the appropriate letters into the boxes next to the statements.

A) Human bacterial diseases B) Human viral diseases C) Both of them D) Neither of them

1. The pathogen has cellular structure. 2. Certain molecules of their pathogens are recognised as antigens by the immune

system.

3. Antibiotic resistance can develop in their pathogens. 4. The genetic material of their pathogens is surrounded by nuclear envelopes. 5. Vaccines can protect us against them.

The HIV, the disease causing agent of AIDS, is shown in the picture. Its genetic material is RNA.

6. Name the type of disease causing agent shown in the picture. …………………………… The different HIV diagnostic tests detect either the antigen or the antibody. 7. Name the organism that produces the antibodies.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Molecules for the attachment to the host cells

Protein coat.

Hereditary material

Enzymes catalysing the incorporation of the hereditary material into the host cell as well as its replication

Membrane originating from the host cells



Azonosító jel:

8 Name two, principally different ways of HIV transmission. (2 points)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Biologists of Michigan University were involved in finding the hiding place of the pathogen in people in whom they were unable to detect the pathogen in their blood. The patients had already received pharmaceutical treatment for six months. They proved that the pathogens were hiding in the blood forming stem cells. 9. Name the exact location of the blood forming stem cells in the body.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

The different types of immunity against pathogens — essay 10 points 1. In a few sentences discuss the active ingredient found in childhood vaccines and their

immunological mechanism by which they protect us against diseases. Name two diseases against which there are compulsory childhood vaccinations in Hungary. (3 points)

2. Explain why one cannot get the measles twice. Name the type of immunity (active – passive,

natural – artificial) developed. (2 points) 3. Discuss the basic idea of passive natural immunisation through two examples. (3 points) 4. What is the basic idea of passive artificial immunisation? What is the drawback of this

method? (2 points)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Essay Total

You can write your essay on page 19.



Azonosító jel:

X. B Matter and energy 20 points Flow of energy 10 points The fate of energy entering an ecosystem in Florida is shown in the picture. The capital letters represent the groups of living organisms performing various ecological functions. 1. Which of the following matches are correct? Write the letters of the correct answers into

the boxes. (2 points)

A) Primary consumers. B) Predators. C) Producers. D) Tertiary consumers. E) Decomposers.

On each trophic level there are two energy values appearing. The larger value indicates the amount of energy entering the given level a year, whereas the other value shows the amount of energy leaving the given level (given in kcal/m2 dimensions). 2. What do the arrows indicate? Write

the letter of the correct row into the box.

A Respiratory energy and heat loss

Biomass leaving.

B Energy leaving with the dead organic matter

Respiratory energy and heat loss.

C The biomass of the given level.

Biomass leaving the level.

D Respiratory energy and heat loss.

Energy leaving with the dead organic matter

E None of the above matches are correct.

3. Based on your calculation, decide which of the two levels (A or B) has higher energy

utilisation efficiency. Show your calculations. (2 points)

Y

720

4250

5065

2265

X

Solar radiation 1.700.000

kcal/m2/year

A 20805 7618

5065 E

B 3368 1103

C 383 111

D 21 5

Z (ENERGY LEAVING)

13187

16 5



Azonosító jel:

4. Explain briefly the difference described in the former question.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Calculate the numerical value the following letters represent in the diagram. (3 points)

X: ………………………………………..

Y: ……………………………………….

Z: ………………………………………..

6. Name the group out of the ones marked A-E whose life processes result in the formation of

humus …………………………………………………………..

The carbon cycle — essay 10 points Similarly to the energy, the carbon also flows right through the ecosystem. Summarise the most important steps of the process. Include the following points in your essay: 1. Where does the carbon that is built into the body of the producers come from? Which

nutritional type makes it possible? In which cellular organelle does the process take place? (3 points)

2. At which trophic level and by which metabolic process is carbon released from the community into the atmosphere? In which cellular organelles does this process take place? (3 points)

3. In what forms can the carbon be permanently removed from the cycle? Name at least two substances containing carbon which is linked to the activity of living organism, but most organisms cannot make use of them. (2 points)

4. Let us suppose that a settlement is built to replace a forest. What consequences would it have on the carbon cycle? Name at least two consequences! (2 points)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Essay Total



Azonosító jel:

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Azonosító jel:

Score

maximum achieved I. A peculiar way of living together 8 II. Snail infected with fluke 10 III. Returning home to the nest 7 IV. Oxygen in the water 10 V. The cell: the city surrounded by walls 8 VI. Investigations with human blood 8 VII. Vitamin D 11 VIII. Myastenia gravis 11 IX. Red eyed rats 7

Total score of the test: 80 X. Optional essay and problem solving task 20 Total score of the written examination: 100

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