BIOLÓGIA ANGOL NYELVEN -...

Biológia angol nyelven középszint — írásbeli vizsga 1121

Név: ........................................................... osztály:......

BIOLÓGIA ANGOL NYELVEN

KÖZÉPSZINTŰ ÍRÁSBELI VIZSGA

2014. május 14. 8:00

Az írásbeli vizsga időtartama: 120 perc

Pótlapok száma Tisztázati Piszkozati

EMBERI ERŐFORRÁSOK

MINISZTÉRIUMA

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ET

TS

ÉG

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SG

A ●

20

14

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áju

s 1

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írásbeli vizsga 1121 2 / 16 2014. május 14.

Biológia angol nyelven — középszint Név: ........................................................... osztály:......

Important information

Before you start working read the instructions below carefully. You have 120 minutes to complete your intermediate level examination. Your questions are either multiple choice or open-ended ones. When answering multiple choice questions you need to write one or two CAPITAL LETTERS into the empty boxes. These are the letters of the correct answer or answers. Make sure that your answers are unambiguous, otherwise they will not be accepted. If you want to correct your answer CROSS OUT THE WRONG ONE AND WRITE THE CORRECT LETTER NEXT TO IT. When answering open-ended questions, you need to write technical terms, a few words, a whole sentence or several sentences. Write your answers on the dotted (……..) line. MIND YOUR GRAMMAR because if your answer is not understandable because of bad grammar, or because it is illegible (e.g. it is not clear what the subject of the sentence is), it will not be acceptable even if it contains the correct terms. Each correct answer is awarded 1 mark, unless otherwise indicated. Use black or blue pen!

Don’t write anything into the grey boxes.

Good luck with your exam.

A D A D C B D correct acceptable wrong



I. Oil Trees 9 points

The oil tree is one of the most important crop plants in Mediterranean countries. In the picture on the left, the trunk of an old tree can be seen, while the picture on the right shows a shoot bearing fruit (1), its flower (2), and the longitudinal cross section of its fruit (3)

1. The oil tree belongs to dicotyledons. Name two of its features, visible in the picture, which support this statement.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Although the trunks of old trees are rather uneven we do know where the water taken

up from the soil is carried inside of it. Give the exact name of this part.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Parasitic cicadas insert their sucking mouthparts into the young shoots of oil trees. Give the name of the structure and the tissue from which they suck the organic substances.

……………………………………………………………………………………………...

4. The leaves of oil trees are covered with a thick waxy layer to protect them against

desiccation. Which type of tissue produces this protective layer?

.....……………………..............................................................………………………...

5. The seed of oil tree (M) is surrounded by a stony wall, while the oil is contained in the layer indicated by letter ‘K’. Which part of the fruit is this?

……………………………………………………………………………………………...

K M 1 2 3



6. The unripe fruit of the oil tree is rich in carbohydrates, while the ripe fruit can contain as much as 25% oil. Compare the chemical composition of the two types of food reserve by naming which molecule each consists of. (2 points)

Starch: ………………………………………………………………………………..

(Olive) oil: ………………………………………………………………………………

7. Oil is not only an important food substance but several vitamins can dissolve in it, too. Name two of such vitamins. (2 points)

………………. and ……………….

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. total

II. Respiration of Animals 10 points Describe the respiratory organs and their functions of the following groups of animals. Fill in the table correctly.

A) Terrestrial ringworms B) Insects C) Fish D) Fully developed amphibians E) None of the above

1. Their respiratory organ is the invagination of the outer integument, which forms a branching network throughout the body.

2. The respiratory surface of their lungs is small and their skin breathing is considerable.

3. They live in humid conditions and the gas exchange takes place across the epithelium of their body surface.

4. The double ventilation of their lungs supplies oxygen for their active cellular respiration.

5. The movement of their segmented body part generates the pressure difference that drives the air in and out.

6. Their compound epithelium which does not keratinise does not play an essential role in respiration.

7. Compared to their lung breathing, their skin breathing is negligible.

8. The air taken in through their nostrils is pushed into their lungs, which have limited breathing surface, by the pumping action of the floor of the mouth.

9. The respiratory gases are exchanged between the water and the blood by diffusion.

10. Their air sacs play a role in both breathing and movement.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. total



III. Infusoria bringing about fermentation 8 points

Numerous experiments convinced me that sugar and lactic acid are turned into butyric acid by the action of infusoria. Here is their description: they are straight, cylinder shaped rods with rounded ends. (…) They can be put into a liquid medium as if they were beer yeast. If the medium contains suitable nutrients, they will reproduce. They can be put into a liquid medium containing sugar, ammonia and phosphates. A characteristic feature of the fermentation they bring about is that they live and reproduce infinitely without the slightest trace of atmospheric oxygen available. (…)Not only do they thrive without air, but they are

killed by the presence of air, too. If, for a short period of time, carbon dioxide is bubbled through the medium, in which they reproduce, their life and reproduction are not affected at all. However, if the stream of carbonic acid is replaced by air with all other conditions kept the same, they all die within 1 or 2 hours and the butyric fermentation, which is inseparable from their existence, comes to a halt immediately.

Louis Pasteur: Infusorian animalcules causing fermentation (1861) 1. Infusoria is an old name referring to unicellular organisms utilising organic food

substances. Name one reason why the bacteria described by Pasteur are no longer classified as animals.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

While studying fermentation Louis Pasteur’s attention was drawn to microscopic organisms. He was the first to observe the difference between beer yeast and the bacteria causing butyric acid fermentation. 2. Name one important difference between the two types of living organisms concerning

their cellular organisation. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….

3. Name the two final products of the fermentation caused by beer yeast (besides ATP) (2 points)

…….………………………………… and………………………………………..............

4. In the experiment described above, the production of butyric acid is only successful if the medium contains phosphates. Name one organic molecule containing phosphorous whose synthesis requires phosphates to be available for butyric acid bacteria. ……………………………………………………………………………………………..

5. ‘... the butyric fermentation, which is inseparable from their existence’ says Pasteur. What is the purpose, the biological function of fermentation for butyric acid bacteria? ………………………………………………………………………………………….…..



6. How is the pH of the culture medium changing in the experiment first described by

Pasteur? Give your reason to support your answer.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. ‘Numerous experiments convinced me that sugar and lactic acid are turned into butyric acid by the action of infusoria’. Which one of the experiments described above provides evidence for this statement? Give your reason to support your answer.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. total

IV. Hares and lynx 7 points

A herbivorous arctic hare is being hunted by a lynx in the picture. (an installed scene in a museum) 1. What is it that differs fundamentally in the bodily

features of the two animals? Write the letter of the correct answer into the box. A) The type of their circulatory system. B) The structure of their outer integument. C) The type of their teeth. D) The structure of the eyes. E) The type of their fertilisation.

2. The coecum (appendix) of the arctic hare is substantially longer than that of the lynx

because cellulose digesting bacteria live in it. Name the type of population interaction that exists between the hare and the cellulose digesting bacteria.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

In certain areas the main prey animal of lynx is the arctic hare. The number of the two populations has been calculated by means of a simple computer model which only has taken into consideration the interaction between the two populations. The results have been plotted on a graph. Having studied the graph thoroughly, answer the questions!



3. Mark the carrying capacity of the given territory for hares on the graph.

4. What is the reason for the decline in the number of hares in the population in phase No1?

………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5. What is the reason for the decrease in the number of lynx in the population in phase No

II?

………………………………………………………………………………………………. In this computer model it was not taken into consideration that lynx prey upon other animals such as lemming and rock ptarmigan. These prey animals are also hunted by other predators like the snow owl and the arctic fox. 6. Name the type of population interaction between the arctic fox and the lynx!

…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7. Would it increase or decrease the extent of fluctuation in the number of lynx if all the

nutritional interactions were taken into consideration in the modified model? Give your reason to support your answer.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..…...

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………

….……………………………………………………………………………………………

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. total

hares

lynx

number of animals

time



V. This is the time of blood suckers 7 points ‘The tick cuts the victim’s skin open inserting its mouthpart into it and then sucks up first the intercellular fluid and then, after a few hours once it has penetrated the capillaries, the blood of the host organism. The digestive system of the tick lacks a second opening, therefore the waste fluid also gets back into the body of the host. This is the reason why the infected tick can only infect the host a few hours after the bite. […] According to our present knowledge ticks are responsible for spreading nine different diseases, one of which is caused by a virus, another one by a unicellular parasite, while the rest by bacteria. The viral encephalitis spread by infected

ticks can be prevented by vaccination. The vaccination series consists of several doses: the first dose is followed by two further ones in one and twelve months’ time, after which in every three year a revaccination is required.’

Tóth Krisztina: This is the time of dangerous blood suckers – Based on Metropol

1. The tick is often called a blood sucking insect. Give your reason why this statement is incorrect based on the picture.

.……………………………………………………………………………………… 2. ‘The tick cuts the victim’s skin open’. Which layer of the skin does the tick need to

penetrate to obtain some intercellular fluid?

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

3. ‘... sucks up first the intercellular fluid […] then the blood of the host organism’. Give one important difference between the two types of fluids with regard to their composition.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. While removing the tick it is not advisable to squeeze the abdomen of the animal. Explain why would it be dangerous to do so, based on the above description.

……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. ‘...one of which is caused by a virus, another one by a unicellular parasite, while the rest

by bacteria.’ Explain why this statement is incorrect (or easy to misunderstand).

………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………....

6. How does the vaccination against the encephalitis virus protect you? Write the letter of the correct answer into the box.

A) It destroys the infected tick. B) It is poisonous for the viruses. C) It activates the immune system of the body against the virus. D) Ready-made antibodies are injected into the blood plasma. E) It stops the body fluids of the tick getting into the blood.



7. Why is it necessary to apply revaccination following the first vaccination? Write the letter of the correct answer into the box.

A) The first dose does not contain antibodies. B) It takes that much time for the vaccine to break down in the body. C) The memory of the immune system needs to be refreshed at such time intervals. D) Subsequent doses protect you against other pathogens. E) This is how it can effectively exert its tick repellent effect.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. total

VI. Cell metabolism 10 points

The figure below shows part of the metabolic pathways and their locations within a given human cell. The arrows with the letters written on them show the route taken by a given (type of) molecule. After carefully studying the figure write the correct letter next to each statement. There is one extra letter that you will not need to use.

1. The route of an oxygen molecule.

2. The route of an insulin protein.

3. The route of the mRNA encoding for the insulin.

4. The route of an ATP molecule.

5. The route of a carbon dioxide molecule.

6. The route of the enzyme DNA-polimerase (helping the DNA replicate).

7. The uptake of carbohydrates and their utilisation.

8. Which two types of carbohydrates are used in the cell nucleus in its typical anabolic processes? (2 points)

………………………………………….. and……………………………………………..

9. The cell of which organ is shown in the figure? …………………………………………..

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. total

CELL MEMBRANE

RIBOSOME MITOCONDRION A

CELL NUCLEUS

B

C

E

H

D

G

F



VII. Reflex 10 points

If the tendon below the kneecap is tapped by a reflex hammer in the way shown in the picture the lower leg is caused to swing forward in a typical fashion! Study the figure and interpret it with the help of the questions below.

1. What type of reflex is shown in the picture? Write the letter of the correct answer into the box. (2 points) A) Reflex of skin origin B) Reflex of muscle origin C) Autonomic/vegetative reflex D) Spinal reflex E) Medullary reflex

2. Complete the table below by adding the name or the letter of the appropriate part. (5 points)

Name or characteristic

Letter

It contains the ascending and descending tracts

Muscle spindle

C

D

Motor neurons



3. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with the expressions below! (3 points) You will not need to use all the expressions. contracts relaxes swings forward bends The stimulus of the reflex is the stretching of the muscle and the response is that the lower leg

................................ In the course of the reflex action the muscle indicated by A

.............................., and the one indicated by G ................................

1. 2. 3. total

VIII. The Human Blood 9 points

The blood plasma carries several substances. Fill in the table that summarises which substances are carried by the blood plasma, and from which organ(s) they are transported to which target organ(s). Fill in the numbered boxes.

What does the blood plasma carry?

From where does the blood carry them?

To where does the blood carry them?

(target organ) Name of the group of substances carried

example

You need to write either the name of one organ or the expression ‘every organ’ into each of the boxes below.

Absorbed food molecules 1. 2.

3.

Carbon dioxide

-------------------

4.

5.

Waste substances, by-products

urea

from the liver

6.

The blood plasma contains proteins as well. 7. Name two functions carried out by the blood plasma proteins. (2 points)

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..



When examining the blood the proportion of the cellular elements and the plasma is determined by centrifuging the blood in a narrow capillary tubule at high speed. In the capillary tubule the cellular elements and plasma separate and their proportion can be read off along the length of the tubule.

8. In which part of the sample shown in the photograph are the cellular (formed) elements

found? Give your reason to support your answer.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. total

IX. Lactose Intolerance 10 points

‘The enzyme lactase is produced by cells found at the base of the intestinal villi. Lactase breaks down the milk sugar (lactose) into simple sugars: glucose and galactose. These simple sugars can now be absorbed from the digestive tract. Lactose intolerance is caused by the lack or reduced secretion of the enzyme lactase, which in turn causes some or all the lactose to be passed on from the small intestine without being broken down. Having been passed from the small intestine undigested, the lactose is broken down by the bacteria of the large intestine into acids of short carbon chains (lactic acid etc.) and gasses. As much as one and a half litre of hydrogen gas can be produced from two grams of lactose (contained in less than half a decilitre of milk). Hydrogen exhalation test is the most frequently used method to measure the hydrogen content of the exhaled air, which is very low under normal circumstances. At the start of the investigation the patient needs to drink some liquid containing lactose on an empty stomach. In case of lactose intolerance the hydrogen produced in the large intestine diffuses across the intestinal wall into the blood stream and is carried to the lungs where it appears in the exhaled air. During the investigation the hydrogen content of the patient’s breath is determined at regular intervals. If it is higher than the normal then lactose intolerance is likely to be the case.’

www.laktozerzekenyseg.hu

colourless

red

total blood



1. Name the part of the digestive tract from which the glucose is absorbed in a healthy

organism. …………………………………………………………………………………………….

Answer by using the letters of the picture. 2. Which part of the digestive tract is the

glucose absorbed from in a healthy person?

3. Where is the excess glucose stored after

it has been absorbed?

4. In which part of the digestive tract is hydrogen

produced from lactose in people suffering from lactose intolerance?

5. Where is the glucose directly absorbed to from the digestive tract? Write the letter of the

correct answer into the box.

A) Into the lymph vessels B) Into the blood capillaries C) Into the liver D) Into the pancreas E) Into the abdominal cavity

6. What is the name of the process by which the hydrogen, along with other respiratory

gases, passes from the blood into the air space of the lung in the diseased person?

A) Active transport B) Ventilation C) Gas exchange D) Cellular respiration E) Breathing movement

7. In what type of process is lactose broken down by bacteria in the large intestine of people

suffering from lactose intolerance?

A) Fermentation B) Biological oxidation C) Internal digestion D) Acid-base reaction E) Cellular respiration



Lactase deficiency can be a heritable disorder. It is possible for two parents capable of digesting lactose normally to have a child with inherited lactose intolerance caused by a faulty gene. 8. If the possibility of a new mutation is ruled out, in what way can the faulty gene be

inherited? Write the letters of the correct answers into the boxes. (2 points)

A) Dominant B) Recessive C) Intermediate D) It also causes disease in heterozygous form E) It only causes disease in homozygous form.

9. What type of genotype can the above parents have with regard to lactose intolerance? You

can use any letters to indicate the alleles. Give the meaning of each letter used.

…………… and……………

Meaning of the letters:

…………………………………………………………………………......................................

....……………………………………………………………………………...…………………

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. total



maximum

score achieved

score

I. Oil Trees 9 II. Respiration of Animals 10 III. Infusoria bringing about fermentation 8 IV. Hares and Lynx 7 V. This is the Time of Blood Suckers 7

VI. Cell Metabolism 10 VII. Reflex 10

VIII. The Human Blood 9

IX. Lactose Intolerance 10 Total 80 The total score of the written examinatin (achieved score 1.25)

80 · 1.25 = 100

marking teacher

Date: ……………………………… __________________________________________________________________________

elért pontszám

egész számra kerekítve/

achieved score rounded to an

integer

programba beírt egész pontszám/

integer score written into

the programe

Feladatsor (az írásbeli vizsgarész pontszáma) Paper (written part of the examination) score

javító tanár/marking teacher jegyző/administrator

Date: ……………………………… Date: ………………………………

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