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![Page 1: Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum Sybil P. Seitzinger Rutgers University Institute of Marine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649e255503460f94b141e1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the
Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum
Sybil P. SeitzingerRutgers University
Institute of Marine and Coastal SciencesNew Brunswick, NJ
![Page 2: Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum Sybil P. Seitzinger Rutgers University Institute of Marine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649e255503460f94b141e1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Major Topics
Global models of nutrient export from land to coastal oceans
Fate of N along the river – estuary – shelf continuum
- denitrification
Effect of nutrient sources and sinks on coastal ocean
primary production- 3-D hydrodynamic plankton model
DOM – opening the Black Box
![Page 3: Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum Sybil P. Seitzinger Rutgers University Institute of Marine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649e255503460f94b141e1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Human Impacts at Global Scales
Global models of nutrient export from land to coastal oceans
![Page 4: Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum Sybil P. Seitzinger Rutgers University Institute of Marine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649e255503460f94b141e1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
N Inputs to Estuaries O rig inate from M any S ources
A tm ospheric D epos ition
U rban R uno ffSewage
Storm water
F ores t R uno ff
A g ricu ltu ra l R uno ffAnim al Waste
Fertilizer
E S T U A R Y
N
N
N
N
NN
N Forms: DIN – ammonia, nitrateDON – Black BoxPN
Watershed Sources of Nutrients to Coastal Ecosystems
![Page 5: Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum Sybil P. Seitzinger Rutgers University Institute of Marine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649e255503460f94b141e1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Approach
Measured N Export by Range of Rivers
Model Predict N Export f(N Inputs to Watersheds)
+Spatially Explicit Global Data Bases
Spatial Pattern N Export Globally
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Model Calculation of NO3 Export by Global Rivers
NO3 Export = f(Human Sewage , Fertilizer Use, Atmos. Dep. )
from Caraco & Cole, 1999
[0.4 x Water Runoff 0.8] x [Fert Use + Atmos. Dep.] )
( NO3 Export = 0.7 x Human x 1.85 kg N
Population person-1 yr-1 x Fraction
urban +
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Bouwman et al. 1995
Fertilizer 1990kg N km-2 y-1
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NOy 1990NOy Atmospheric Deposition - 1990
kg N km-2 y-1
Dentener and Crutzen, 1994
+ Gridded Data bases for:• Global population (U.N.)• Water runoff • Watershed delineation
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Seitzinger & Kroeze, Global Biogeochemical Cycles 12:93-133, 1998
Measured (kg N km-2 y-1)
1 10 100 1000 10000
Mo
de
led
, N
-mo
de
l (k
g N
km
-2 y
-1)
1
10
100
1000
10000
Kazan and Back
Murray-Darling
YukonMackenzie
ZambeziOrange
Nile Niger ParanaZaire
AmazonUruguay
Colombia Orinoco
Volga
St. Lawrence
Mekong Mississippi
Huang (Yellow)Baltic Sea Rivers
VistulaMagdalena
DanubeDelaware
Loire
RhineYangtze
Rhone
Ganges
r2 = 0.85
1:1
Model vs. Measured
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Model Predicted DIN Export by Rivers
kg N km-2 watershed y-1
Seitzinger & Kroeze, 1998
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20 o
20 o
45 o
45 o
66 o
66 o
DIN Export by RiversTg N y-1
N. Hemisphere87%18.2
S. Hemisphere13%2.6
Equator
Seitzinger & Kroeze, 1998
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20 o
20 o
45 o
45 o
66 o
66 o
0 o
Global Total 21
4.1
5.3 4.2
1.5
0.9
Tg = 1012g
DIN, World RegionsTg N y-1
Seitzinger & Kroeze, 1998
1.6U.S.
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20 o
20 o
45 o
45 o
66 o
66 o
0 o
Tg = 1012g
Source Apportionment of DIN Export
Seitzinger & Kroeze, 1998
Precipitation
FertilizerSewage
FertilizerSewage
Precipitation
USA
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Imagining the Future
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Business-as-Usual Scenario
19
90
20
50
Fertilizer NO Point Source0
50
100
150
200
y
1990
2050
Deposition
Tg
N y
-1
Inputs, 1990 & 2050 to Global Watersheds
Kroeze & Seitzinger, 1998
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Bouwman et al. 1995
Bouwman et al. pers. comm
1990
2050
Fertilizer, 1990 & 2050kg N km-2 y-1
![Page 17: Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum Sybil P. Seitzinger Rutgers University Institute of Marine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649e255503460f94b141e1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Dentener and Crutzen, 1994
Dentener, pers. comm.
1990
2050
Atmospheric Deposition NOykg N km-2 y-1
![Page 18: Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum Sybil P. Seitzinger Rutgers University Institute of Marine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649e255503460f94b141e1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
1990 and 2050 DIN Export by Rivers
for World Regions
19
90
20
50
North South Africa Europe Former China, India0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
America America USSR Japanin Asia & S.E. Asia
Tg
N y
-1
1990
2050
Kroeze & Seitzinger, 1998
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Research Needs
Other forms (particulate, dissolved organic)
Other elements (P, C, Si…….)
Time varying (seasonal, daily….)
Finer spatial resolution input dataincluding hydrology
Enhanced global databases
Process-based models
![Page 20: Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum Sybil P. Seitzinger Rutgers University Institute of Marine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649e255503460f94b141e1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Global NEWS
Nutrient Export from WatershedsUNESCO-IOC Workgroup
Other forms (particulate, dissolved organic)
Other elements (P, C, Si…….)
Time varying (seasonal, daily….)
Finer spatial resolution input dataincluding hydrology
Enhanced global databases
Process-based models – NASA IDS
![Page 21: Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum Sybil P. Seitzinger Rutgers University Institute of Marine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649e255503460f94b141e1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Average SRP Yield by Watershed (kg P/km2/yr)
Harrison, Seitzinger & Caraco, in prep.
![Page 22: Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum Sybil P. Seitzinger Rutgers University Institute of Marine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649e255503460f94b141e1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Major Topics
Global models of nutrient export from land to coastal oceans
Fate of N along the river – estuary – shelf continuum
- denitrification
Effect of nutrient sources and sinks on coastal ocean
primary production- 3-D hydrodynamic plankton model
DOM – opening the Black Box
![Page 23: Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum Sybil P. Seitzinger Rutgers University Institute of Marine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649e255503460f94b141e1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Denitrification
NO3/2 N2O N2
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Buria l
?
Denitrific a tion
N 2Ac ro ss She lf Tra nsp o rt
N -fixa tio n2
Rive r inp utsAtm osp hericDep osition
N N
N N
NN
Terrestria l &Estuarine Continental Shelf O ceanicRivers Estuaries Continental
ShelfOceanic
Denitrificationof terrestrial N sources
![Page 25: Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum Sybil P. Seitzinger Rutgers University Institute of Marine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649e255503460f94b141e1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
From Seitzinger & Giblin 1996
R ivers
O nw e lling
B uria l
A tm os. D ep .
D enitrifica tion
NET
North Atlantic
North AtlanticContinental Shelf N Budget
Sources:
Sinks:
Net Balance (onwelling?)
Estuarine/R iver A tm os. Dep
Denitrification Burial
(10 m ol N y )46-63
13
1432-9
10 -1
59-76
145-152
-72 to -97
(fro m Se itzing e r a nd G ib lin 1996)
46-63
13143
Connecting the Ocean Margin to Estuaries and Oceans
North Atlantic
72-97
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020406080
100120140160
1 2 3 4
From Seitzinger & Giblin 1996
R ivers
O nw e lling
B uria l
A tm os. D ep .
D enitrifica tion
NET
North Atlantic
North AtlanticContinental Shelf N Budget
Sources:
Sinks:
Net Balance (onwelling?)
Estuarine/R iver A tm os. Dep
Denitrification Burial
(10 m ol N y )46-63
13
1432-9
10 -1
59-76
145-152
-72 to -97
(fro m Se itzing e r a nd G ib lin 1996)
46-63
13143
Connecting the Ocean Margin to Estuaries and Oceans
North Atlantic
72-97
N,
10
10 m
ol N
/y
River N
Sources Sinks
Atmos.Dep.
Denitrification
![Page 27: Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum Sybil P. Seitzinger Rutgers University Institute of Marine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649e255503460f94b141e1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
020406080
100120140160
1 2 3 4
From Seitzinger & Giblin 1996
R ivers
O nw e lling
B uria l
A tm os. D ep .
D enitrifica tion
NET
North Atlantic
North AtlanticContinental Shelf N Budget
Sources:
Sinks:
Net Balance (onwelling?)
Estuarine/R iver A tm os. Dep
Denitrification Burial
(10 m ol N y )46-63
13
1432-9
10 -1
59-76
145-152
-72 to -97
(fro m Se itzing e r a nd G ib lin 1996)
46-63
13143
Connecting the Ocean Margin to Estuaries and Oceans
North Atlantic
72-97
N,
10
10 m
ol N
/y
River N
Sources Sinks
Atmos.Dep.
DenitrificationOnwelling
![Page 28: Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum Sybil P. Seitzinger Rutgers University Institute of Marine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649e255503460f94b141e1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Terrestrial
Rivers
Estuaries Ocean Margins Oceanic
0
50
100
150
200
250
Rivers Estuaries Continental Shelf Oceanic OMZ Pelagic sediments
Den
itri
fica
tion
Tg
N/y
Integrating Landscapes to WaterscapesDenitrification – Global View
![Page 29: Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum Sybil P. Seitzinger Rutgers University Institute of Marine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649e255503460f94b141e1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
No 3 NH4
Phyto -p la nkton
C hlo
Zoo -p la nkton
De trita l N (sm a ll)
De trita l N (la rg e )
Nitrific a tio n
M ine ra li- za tio n
Up ta ke
Exc re tio n
Sinking
G ra zing
M o rta lity
Se d im e nt
N 2 NH4 No 3
De tritus (lg )
De tritus (sm )
O xic M ine ra liza tio nDe nitrific a tio n
Lo ss o ffixe d N
Dynamic Biogeochemical/Hydrodynamic Model of the MABK. Fennel et al. in prep.; ASLO 2004
• N Based Plankton Model Fasham et al. 1990
• Sediment Denitrification Seitzinger & Giblin 1996
![Page 30: Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum Sybil P. Seitzinger Rutgers University Institute of Marine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649e255503460f94b141e1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
No 3 NH4
Phyto -p la nkton
C hlo
Zoo -p la nkton
De trita l N (sm a ll)
De trita l N (la rg e )
Nitrific a tio n
M ine ra li- za tio n
Up ta ke
Exc re tio n
Sinking
G ra zing
M o rta lity
Se d im e nt
N 2 NH4 No 3
De tritus (lg )
De tritus (sm )
O xic M ine ra liza tio nDe nitrific a tio n
Lo ss o ffixe d N
Dynamic Biogeochemical/Hydrodynamic Model of the MABK. Fennel et al. in prep.; ASLO 2004
• N Based Plankton Model Fasham et al. 1990
• Sediment Denitrification Seitzinger & Giblin 1996
River N Inputs Across Shelf Transport
![Page 31: Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum Sybil P. Seitzinger Rutgers University Institute of Marine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649e255503460f94b141e1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Time for the Movie !
![Page 32: Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum Sybil P. Seitzinger Rutgers University Institute of Marine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649e255503460f94b141e1/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Run denitrificationriverine
nutrients/PON
A no no
B yes no
C yes yes
2-yr simulations, starting from same initial condition in January 1994 after a 1-yr spinup
![Page 33: Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum Sybil P. Seitzinger Rutgers University Institute of Marine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649e255503460f94b141e1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
A 227 gC /m2 /y
B 184 gC /m2 /y20% reduction
from A
C 200 gC /m2 /y10% increase
from B
K. Fennel et al. unpubl.ASLO 2004
Denitrification
River Nutrients Annual Primary Production
![Page 34: Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum Sybil P. Seitzinger Rutgers University Institute of Marine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649e255503460f94b141e1/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
A 227 gC /m2 /y
B 184 gC /m2 /y20% reduction
from A
C 200 gC /m2 /y10% increase
from B
K. Fennel et al. in prep.ASLO 2004
Denitrification
River Nutrients
Denitrification
River Nutrients
Annual Primary Production
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A 227 gC /m2 /y
B 184 gC /m2 /y20% reduction
from A
C 200 gC /m2 /y10% increase
from B
Katja Fennel – [email protected]
River Nutrients
Denitrification
River Nutrients
Denitrification
River Nutrients
![Page 36: Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum Sybil P. Seitzinger Rutgers University Institute of Marine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649e255503460f94b141e1/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Research Needs
• 3-D hydrodynamic/biogeochemical models global estuaries and shelf (C,N,P, …..)
• Enhanced observation systems for coastal ecosystems (remote sensing, in situ)
• Nutrient-plankton-sediment dynamics
• Higher trophic levels
![Page 37: Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum Sybil P. Seitzinger Rutgers University Institute of Marine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649e255503460f94b141e1/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Advanced Analytical Capabilities
![Page 38: Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum Sybil P. Seitzinger Rutgers University Institute of Marine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649e255503460f94b141e1/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Major Topics
Global models of nutrient export from land to coastal oceans
Fate of N along the river – estuary – shelf continuum
- denitrification
Effect of nutrient sources and sinks on coastal ocean
primary production- 3-D hydrodynamic plankton model
DOM – opening the Black Box
![Page 39: Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum Sybil P. Seitzinger Rutgers University Institute of Marine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649e255503460f94b141e1/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
DOM Compounds
DOM
DOM
DOMDOM
DOM
DOMDOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
• 100’s to 1000’s of different DOM compounds
![Page 40: Biogeochemical Cycles: Integration Across the Land- Estuary-Continental Shelf-Ocean Continuum Sybil P. Seitzinger Rutgers University Institute of Marine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649e255503460f94b141e1/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Resource Utilization by Microbial Communities: Is it Chaos?
DOM
DOM
DOMDOM
DOM
DOMDOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
B
B
B
B
BB
B
B
B
B
B B
•100’s to 1000’s different DOM compounds
•100’s+ different species of bacteria
chemical composition, sources, and bioavailability of DOM are not well known
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Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry – ESI-MS Molecular Level Analysis
Instrument• Soft ionization, no fragmentation• Mass range = 50-3000• Direct injection of sample (20 µl)• Positive and negative ionization
modes
(Rutgers LC/APESI-MS/CLND facilityAgilent 1100)
Data• mass to charge ratio (m/z), 50-3000• abundance• basic/acidic properties (+/- mode) of functional groups
m/z
50 150 250 350 450 550 650
abun
danc
e
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000140000160000
m/z
Ion
Ab
un
dan
ce
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ESI-Mass Spectra of Streams L and M
C) Stream L - ESI negative
m/z
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Ion
abun
danc
e
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
300006000090000
120000D) Stream M - ESI negative
m/z
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
300006000090000
120000
Stream L Stream M
m/z m/z
Ion
Ab
un
dan
ce
Ion
Ab
un
dan
ce
Seitzinger et al. accepted L&O
1435 “compounds” 1751 “compounds”
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71%
5%
24%
Both Stream L and M
Only Stream L
Only Stream M
Similarity in DOM Composition in 2 Streams
C) Stream L - ESI negative
m/z
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Ion
abun
danc
e
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
300006000090000
120000
D) Stream M - ESI negative
m/z
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
300006000090000
120000
Stream L Stream M
m/z m/z
Ion
Ab
un
dan
ce
Ion
Ab
un
dan
ce
Seitzinger et al. accepted L&O
1435 “compounds” 1751 “compounds”
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Bioavailability of DOM in Streams
• Spring-collected stream water• Inoculated with freshwater bacteria
local pond• Incubated in the dark for 12 days
Bacterial analysis: Bulk analysis: Molecular level analysis: 3H leucine incorp DOC ESI-MS
Time series samples (days 0, 2, 6, 12)
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Bulk Measures of Bioavailability
Leu
cin
e in
corp
ora
tio
n (
nm
ol
l-1 h
-1)
0
2
4
6
8
10LM
Experiment Day
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
DO
C-C
(µ
mo
l L
-1)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000LM
Bacterial Production
DOC Utilization 51% Stream L 43% Stream M
similar in both streams
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
ion
ab
un
dan
ce u
nit
s)
500
1500
2500
3500
4500
5500
6500
191 L-1191 L-2
Experiment Day
Patterns of Change in Abundance of Individual “Compounds” - m/z
D) Stream M - ESI negative
m/z
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
300006000090000
120000
Experiment Day
0 2 4 6 8 10 12Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
ion
ab
un
da
nc
e u
nit
s)
500
1500
2500
3500
4500
5500
6500
Experiment Day
0 2 4 6 8 10 12Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
ion
ab
un
da
nc
e u
nit
s)
500
1500
2500
3500
4500
5500
6500
m/z 191 m/z 179 m/z 335
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Bioavailability Experiment: Molecular Level Results
No
. o
f m
/z
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Decrease inAbundance
NoChange
Increase inAbundance
New m/z
72
60
48
24
% o
f to
tal
m/z
12
Stream M
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DOM
DOM
DOMDOM
DOM
DOMDOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
B
B
B
B
BB
B
B
B
B
B B
Resource Utilization by Microbial Communities- Is it Chaos?
B
B
B
B
BB
B
B
B
B
B B
DOM
DOM
DOMDOM
DOM
DOMDOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOMDOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
DOM
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High Degree of Similarity in Utilization of m/z’s between Replicate Flasks
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
ion
ab
un
dan
ce u
nit
s)
500
1500
2500
3500
4500
5500
6500265 L-1265 L-2379 L-1379 L-2191 L-1191 L-2
Experiment Day
Stream L
m/z 265Flask 1 2
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Flask 1, concentration decrease(ion abundance units)
100 1000 10000 100000
Fla
sk B
, co
nc
entr
atio
n d
ecr
eas
e(i
on
ab
un
dan
ce
un
its
)
100
1000
10000
100000Basic compoundsAcidic compounds
High Degree of Similarity in Utilization of m/z’s between Replicate Flasks
Seitzinger et al. accepted L&O
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Comparison Between Flasks and Between Streams
of m/z that Decreased
Flask 1, concentration decrease(ion abundance units)
100 1000 10000 100000
Fla
sk B
, co
nc
en
tra
tio
n d
ec
rea
se
(io
n a
bu
nd
an
ce
un
its
)100
1000
10000
100000Basic compoundsAcidic compounds
Between flasks same stream (L)
Stream M, concentration decrease(ion abundance units)
100 1000 10000 100000
Str
ea
m L
, co
nc
en
tra
tio
n d
ec
rea
se
(io
n a
bu
nd
an
ce
un
its
)
100
1000
10000
100000
Between streams (L and M)
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Future Directions
• Identification of specific compounds
• Comparison of DOM chemical composition in time and space
- within and across aquatic (fw & marine) systems
• Effects of biological and physical complexity on patterns of DOM utilization
• Development of ecological theories of resource utilization by microbial communities
• Identification of compound-specific effects on aquatic organisms (e.g., HABs)
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blankPopulation (persons km-2)
1990
2050
Lerner et al. 1988; updated to 1990 by Bouwman
Lerner et al. 1988; Bouwman, 1990; United Nations, 1996
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Totals (Tg)
1990 21
2050 42
Model Predicted DIN Export by Rivers
Doubles by the Year 2050
DIN export doubles in 2050
Kroeze & Seitzinger, 1998
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4 9 -5 7
7
8 6-22
9 .5 -1 8
4 7
5 .4
-24
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Buria l
?
Denitrific a tion
N 2Ac ro ss She lf Tra nsp o rt
N -fixa tio n2
Rive r inp utsAtm osp hericDep osition
N N
N N
NN
Terrestria l &Estuarine Continental Shelf O ceanicRivers Estuaries Continental
ShelfOceanic
N2
N2
N2
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North Atlantic
O nw e lling
B uria l
A tm os. D ep .
Entire Shelf Budget
N orth A tlanticC ontinental Shelf N B udget
S ources:
S inks :
N et B alance (onw elling?)
E stua rine /R ive r A tm os. D ep
D enitrif ication B uria l
(10 m o l N y )460-630
130
143020 -90
9 -1
590-760
1450 -1520
-720 to -970
Gulf of M exico
Northeast U.S.
Southeast U.S.D en itrifica tion
R ive rs /E stuaries
Regional Budgets
Modified from Seitzinger & Giblin 1996
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Terrestrial
Rivers
Estuaries Ocean Margins Oceanic
Integrating Landscapes to Waterscapes
0
50
100
150
200
250
Rivers Estuaries Continental Shelf Oceanic OMZ Pelagic sediments
Den
itri
fica
tion
Tg
N/y
Check these blue numbers!!!
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Terrestrial
Rivers
Estuaries Ocean Margins Oceanic
Integrating Landscapes to Waterscapes
0
50
100
150
200
250
Rivers Estuaries Continental Shelf Oceanic OMZ Pelagic sediments
Den
itri
fica
tion
Tg
N/y
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Buria l
?
Denitrific a tion
N 2Ac ro ss She lf Tra nsp o rt
N -fixa tio n2
Rive r inp utsAtm osp hericDep osition
N N
N N
NN
Terrestria l &Estuarine Continental Shelf O ceanicRivers Estuaries Continental
ShelfOceanic
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Terrestrial
Rivers
Estuaries Ocean Margins Oceanic
Integrating Landscapes to WaterscapesDenitrification – Global View
0
50
100
150
200
250
Rivers Estuaries Continental Shelf Oceanic OMZ Pelagic sediments
Den
itri
fica
tion
Tg
N/y