Australia’s National Science Agency

Bioenergy Australia Webinar:Carbon Capture and Storage opportunities in WtE -towards negative emissions?

4 November 2019

IEA Bioenergy

Set up by IEA to improve cooperation and information exchange between member countries. The work of IEA Bioenergy is structured into a number of Tasks, which have well defined objectives, budgets, and time frames.

Bioenergy Australia and IEA Bioenergy

Thanks to funding from the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA), Bioenergy Australia is able to facilitate Australia’s participation in seven IEA Bioenergy Tasks.

Task 36 - Material and Energy valorisation of waste in a Circular Economy

Daniel Roberts

Task 37 – Energy from Biogas Bernadette McCabe

Task 39 – Commercialising Conventional and Advanced Liquid Biofuels from Biomass

Steve Rogers

Task 42 Biorefining in a future BioEconomy Geoff Bell

Task 43 – Biomass Feedstocks for Energy Market Mark Brown

Task 44 – Flexible Bioenergy and System Integration Heather Bone

Task 45 – Climate and Sustainability Effects of Bioenergy within the Broader Bioeconomy

Annette Cowie

Bioenergy Australia and IEA Bioenergy

https://www.bioenergyaustralia.org.au/our-work/iea-bioenergy/

Material and energy valorisation of waste in a circular economy

http://task36.ieabioenergy.com/

IEA Bioenergy Task 36

IEA Bioenergy Task 36Objective• To collect, analyse, share, and

disseminate best practice technical and strategic non-technical information on the material and energy valorisation of waste in a circular economy.

Wastes• MSW

• Ag production and biomass processing residues

Energy products• Heat, power, cooling, liquid and gaseous

biofuels

• the possibility of producing renewable chemicals.

Priorities 2019-21• A: CE. Policies; EFW, recycling, and

recovery; new waste streams; digitalisation; efficiency; decentralisation

• B: Co-processing of waste to manage feedstock challenges. Availability, technology matching (inter task work).

• C: Flexibility: inputs and outputs. Integration with CCS?

• D: Assessing non-economic aspects. Avoiding harm or extra emissions from ‘overcyling’, for example. SLO aspects.

IEA Bioenergy:Special Project on BECCS

This webinar:

1. Some technical background on CO2 storage

2. Some insights into BECCS activities, particularly in EU

Geological storage – a safe, long term solution for CO2

ENERGY

Allison Hortle4 November 2019

source: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center

BECCS| Allison Hortle2 |

3 |

Greenhouse gas removal from the atmosphere will be required … substantial permanent storage, presently only demonstrated in geological reservoirs, will be essential“

”Greenhouse gas removalThe Royal Society &Royal Academy of Engineering

BECCS| Allison Hortle

CCS: what is it? How does it work?

BECCS| Allison Hortle4 |

https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/research-topic/carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage

Natural Accumulations of CO2 Globally

BECCS| Allison Hortle5 |

IPCC, 2005

Natural CO2 Accumulations, Australia

BECCS| Allison Hortle6 |

Thousands of years of storage available.

FIGURE 8: Global storage resource potential, based on the latest assessments

We can say, with absolute

confidence, that there is

more underground storage

resource than is needed to

meet Paris climate targets.

CONFIDENCE IN RESOURCE ASSESSMENT

NONE 75-100 56-75 25-50 0-25

100 CO2 STORAGE RESOURCE (GT)

400

8150

100

2000

80

UK

60

DK

70

NO

300

EUROPE

2400

50

140

400

150

50

DE

4

NL

STORAGE THE G LOBAL STATUS OF CCS 7

*there is lots of space GCCSI: THE G LOBAL STATUS OF CCS, 2018

CCS Melbourne 18th October | Allison Hortle8 |

Australia’s Storage Prospectivity as understood in 2009

Geographical distribution of emissions by industry estimated for 2020 (2009 estimate)

Australia’s storage capacity

Presentation title | Presenter name9 |

• CSIRO is either the research partner or provides significant research input into each of these projects, from site characterisation, injection strategies through to MM&V

• Long-term relationships and collaborations with government, universities, funding agencies and commercial entities

Northern Australia CO2

Store

CCS In Australia

10 |

Consoli, GCCSI (2019)

BECCS| Allison Hortle

Global Status of BECCS

BECCS Example: Decatur, Illinois

11 | BECCS| Allison Hortle

C balance in energy systems

IEAGHG/Ecofys 2011, adapted from ecofriendlymag.com; grey denotes carbon of fossil origin, blue denotes carbon of biogenic origin)

Energy Allison Hortle

t +61 8 6436 8743e Allison.Hortle@csiro.auw www.csiro.au

CESRE/ ENERGY FLAGSHIP

Thank you

CCS & WtEMichael Becidan, Rahul Anantharaman, Mario Ditaranto

SINTEF Energy Research

Webinar 04.11.2019

• SINTEF is one of Europe’s largest independent research organisations

2

SINTEF

SINTEF Energy Research

We shape tomorrow's energy solutions

Smartgrids

• Transmission

• Offshore energy systems

• Offshore wind

• Energy efficiency

• CCS

• Hydropower

• Bioenergy

• Hydrogen

• Zero-emission transport3

Thermal Energy DptBioenergy group

• Characterization of fuels and emissions

• Waste to Energy

• Biomass to heat and power

• Woodstove development

• Gasification

• Hydrothermal liquefaction

• Biomass pyrolysis

• Bio carbon

• Torrefaction

• Biofuels

• Techno-economic analysis and system studies

• Detailed process analysis and process development

5

Hydrothermal liquefaction

Torrefaction

Pyrolysis

Carbonization

Combustion

Gasification

Process integration and value chain analysesDetailed process modeling

Liquid biofuels Combined heat and power

Biocarbon &condensates

Small scale heat Torrefied biomass

6

7

IPCC – Illustrative pathways

8

CO2 capture and storage (CCS)

9

Fossil fuels

Industrial process

CO2

emissions

Product

CO2 capture

CO2

storage

CO2 to atm

Bio-Energy with CCS (BECCS)

10

CO2

from air

Biomassconversion

CO2

emissions

Electricity

CO2 capture

CO2

storage

CO2 to atmBiofuels

CO2 to atm

• Negative emission (Net CO2 removal from air)• Land use issues• Limits to its sustainability

Waste to Energy + CCS

11

Fossil fuels

CO2

emissions

MSW

CO2 capture

CO2

storage

CO2 to atm

CO2

from air

WtE

• MSW is 50-60% biogenic Carbon• Negative emission (Net CO2 removal from air)• No land use issues

Electricity/heat1

tonn

waste

1

tonn

CO2

12

Negative emission technologies such as BECCS are seen as an importantmeans to achieve the 1.5°C target of the Paris agreement

WtE will play an increasingly important role in waste handling worldwide

WtE + CCS is a way to achieve negative emissions without theethical questions surrounding (virgin) biomass

Policy positioning around achieving emission reduction targets aretherefore pushing for WtE + CCS implementation

WtE-CCS in Europe

13

450Waste-to-Energy

plants in Europe

82 million

tonsEnergy recovered

in EU yearly

Source: Fortum, Norway

Planned (2021)• Twence (100 kt/y)• AVR (60 kt/y)

Feasibility Study• AEB (450 kt/y)• HVC (75 kt/y) – demo test done

VBSA did a feasibility study of its 30 plants (2018-19)KVA Linth (120 kt/y) chosen for a full CCS chain feasibility analysis (2019-2021)

WtE-CCS in Norway

Norway's climate goals 2030 & 2050

14

Oslo

Bergen

Trondheim

Kristiansand

Fortum: Full scale CO2 captureplanned

Stavanger

Fredrikstad

Impact of CCS on WtE plant design and operation

15

WtEEnd user

CO2 capture

plant

Steam

Flow, temperature or pressure

Condensate

Flow, temperature or pressure

Power

Hot water

Flow, temperature and pressure

Water returned

Flow, temperature and pressure

Power

Available heat

Amount, temperature

New energy demand

Impact heat available to DH network

Retrofitting (heat exchange section, steam turbine, add heat pumps etc.)

No/minimal impact of heat

available to DH network

Modifications required to theWtE plant will depend on

➢ WtE plant design➢ CO2 capture technology

Opportunities for WtE + CCS

• Combine CO2 capture with CO2 utilisation

• Identify opportunities where CO2 has a value

• All Dutch WtE CCS project are looking at CO2 utilisation in horticulture

• Negative emissions as a product/service E.g. Climeworks

16

SINTEF Energi WtE-CCS Projects

• CapeWaste (1) :

Forskningsrådet CLIMIT program

EGE, SINTEF, AGA, MiljøDirektoratet

• NEWEST-CCUS:

European research project

UK, Norway (SINTEF, Returkraft, EGE, BiR), Germany, The Netherlands

• IEA Bioenergy Task 36:

CCS InterTask Force

• FME NCCS Task 6:

14 end users + vendors

11 research institutes + universities

WtE participant: Fortum

17 (1) CapeWaste: Waste-to-Energy with Oxy-fuel Combustion CO2 Capture www.sintef.no/en/publications/publication/?pubid=CRIStin+1629501(2) EUR 10 million has been earmarked for CCS research (carbon capture and storage) in theEEA and Norway Grants: Poland https://www.forskningsradet.no/en/apply-for-

funding/international-funding/eos-midlene/eos-midlene-polen/

CAPEWASTE

• 2018 - 2021; 12 MNOK; IPN Climit

• Focus on the oxy-fuel combustion capture technology applied to WtE

• Concrete case adapted to the Haraldrud plant

18

NEWEST CCUS

• 2019 - 2022; ERANet CO-fund ACT, 2.7 M€ (3.6 MNOK in Norway)

• Partners from UK - NORWAY - GERMANY - NETHERLANDS

• Covers all CO2 capture technologies applied to WtE

• Environmental impacts assessment

• Scenario analysis and potential markets

19

IEA Bioenergy Task 36

• Flexibility

In a society moving towards

circularity, flexibility is a key aspect

in feedstocks, products and

systems/technologies.

Other aspects of interest

considering flexibility are energy

storage and grid balancing.

Carbon capture and storage (CCS)

or utilisation is also an area where

we see development on energy

from waste plants.20

Topics of interest for the next triennium

FME NCCS - CO2 capture process integration

21

Back-End

Approach

CaL Oxygen

FuelFG

Limestone

Purge

CO2-depleted FG

CO2

WtE

Boiler

WtE

HR

CaL

HR

Air MSW

WtE

FGc FG

Integrated Approach (I)

CaL Oxygen

FuelFG

Limestone

Purge

CO2-depleted FG

CO2

WtE

Boiler

WtE

HR

CaL

HR

Air MSW

WtE

FGc FG

Other important WtE activities at SINTEF

• KPN WtE 2030

• KPN GrateCFD

22

• WtE 2030 main elements: (1) WtE dynamic model; (2) data mining; (3) new sensor

concepts; (4) circular economy, energy storage, fly ash valorization.

• Funding: Research Council of Norway (80%); Enova; Hitachi Zosen Inova; Statkraft Varme

AS; EGE Oslo; Returkraft AS; NOAH AS. R&D: SINTEF Energi (leader); NTNU; Åbo Akademi.

Network: PREWIN EU Network, IEA Bioenergy Task 36.

• Knowledge-building project for the industry (EnergiX KPN); 18 MNOK (2018-2020)23

• Main objective

Development of CFD aided design tools and operational guidelines for optimum grate fired BtE and WtE plant operation through:

• Model development: improved fuel/fuel bed and gas release models, heat-exchanger deposition models and reduced kinetics models (NOx); and validation of these

• Simulations: transient and steady state CFD simulations of BtE and WtE plants; and validation

• Concept improvements: BtE and WtE plant case studies selection, setup, simulations and analysis, giving design and operational guidelines

Duration: 4 years

Financing6 MNOK/year on average, 24 MNOK totalProject type: NFR KPN (competence-building)Research Council of Norway: 80%Industry partners: 20% (cash)

KPN GrateCFD – Enabling optimum Grate fired woody biomass and waste to energy plant operation through Computational Fluid Dynamics

6

• Industry partners - Owners, operators and producers of bioenergy and WtE plants, in Norway and abroad:

• Statkraft Varme AS

• Oslo EGE

• Returkraft AS

• Vattenfall AB

• Hitachi Zosen Inova AG

• RTD partners

• SINTEF Energy Research

• NTNU

• LOGE AB

Teknologi for et bedre samfunn

Kontakt: Michael.Becidan@sintef.no