65% 18%

10%

5% 1% 1%

ÃŒÍÂÅТͧÊÒõ‹Ò§ æ ã¹Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂ

¹éíÒ â»ÃµÕ¹ ÅÔ¾Ô´

¤ÒÃ�âºäÎà´Ãµ ÊÒÃ͹Թ·ÃÕÂ�Í×è¹ æ ÊÒÃÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂ�Í×è¹ æ

Substance • Inorganic substance --> mineral, H2O, O2

• Organic substance --> starch, glycogen, cellulosesugar, vitamin, lipid, protein, and nucleic acid

¾Ñ¹¸Ðà¤ÁÕ (Chemical Bonds)

ÍеÍÁÊÒÁÒöÃÇÁ¡Ñ¹¡ÅÒÂ໚¹âÁàÅ¡ØÅ ŒÇ¾ѹ¸Ð·Ò§à¤ÁÕ â´Âã¹ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔµÁվѹ¸Ð·ÕèÊíÒ¤ÑÞä Œá¡‹

1. Covalent bond ໚¹¾Ñ¹¸Ð·Õèà¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ㪌 electron ËÇÁ¡Ñ¹µÑé§áµ‹ 2 ÍеÍÁ ઋ¹ H2 , O2 , H2O , CH4 ໚¹µŒ¹

1.1 nonpolar covalent ໚¹¡ÒÃ㪌 electron ËÇÁ¡Ñ¹ â´Â electron ÇÔè§ÃͺÍеÍÁ·Ñé§Êͧ෋ҡѹ ઋ¹ H2 , O2 áÅÐ CH4

1.2 polar covalent ໚¹¡ÒÃ㪌ÍÔàÅ硵Ã͹ËÇÁ¡Ñ¹ â´ÂÍеÍÁ·ÕèÁÕ EN ÊÙ§ ¨Ð´Ö§ electron ÁÒã¡ÅŒµÑÇÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò Ö§·íÒãËŒÁÕ»ÃÐ Ø àª‹¹H2O

ÍÍ¡«ÔਹÁÕ EN ÊÙ§ÊÒÁÒö´Ö§ electron ࢌÒÁÒǹÃͺµÑÇàͧ䴌ÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò H Ö§·íÒãËŒ O ໚¹Åº H ໚¹ºÇ¡

2. Ionic bond ໚¹¾Ñ¹¸Ð·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ÍеÍÁ·ÕèÁÕ»ÃШص‹Ò§¡Ñ¹ ઋ¹ NaCl à¡Ô´¨Ò¡ÍеÍÁ¢Í§ Na ãËŒ electron á¡‹ Cl ¡ÅÒÂ໚¹ Na+ ¢³Ð·Õè Cl ¡ÅÒÂ໚¹ Cl- ¼Å·íÒãËŒ electron ǧ¹Í¡¢Í§ÍеÍÁ Na áÅÐ Cl ¤Ãº 8 ¡ÅÒÂ໚¹ÊÒûÃСͺ NaCl

3. Hydrogen bond ໚¹¾Ñ¹¸Ð·ÕèäÁ‹á¢ç§áç à¡Ô´¡Ñº H·Õèµ‹Í ŒÇ covalent bond ¡ÑºÍеÍÁ¢Í§¸ÒµØ·Õè Ö§ Ù´ electronä Œ Õ àª‹¹ N ËÃ×Í O â´Â electron 㹾ѹ¸Ð¹Ñé¹ ¨Ð Ö§ Ù´ä»ã¡ÅŒ N ËÃ×Í O ÁÒ¡¨¹·íÒãËŒ H à¡Ô´à»š¹»ÃÐ¨Ø + ·íÒãËŒÊÒÁÒö Ö§ Ù´¡ÑºÍеÍÁÍ×è¹·ÕèÁÕ electron ÁÒ¡ ઋ¹ O ËÃ×Í N

4. Van der Waals interaction ໚¹áç Ö§ Ù´ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§âÁàÅ¡ØÅËÃ×ÍÀÒÂã¹âÁàÅ¡ØÅà ÕÂǡѹ ÁռŷíÒãËŒà¡Ô´ÃٻËҧ¢Í§âÁàÅ¡ØÅ

5. Hydrophobic interaction áç Ö§ Ù´ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§âÁàÅ¡ØÅ·ÕèäÁ‹ªÍº¹éíÒ (hydrophobic)

ÊÒÃ͹Թ·ÃÕÂ� Inorganics

• Hydrophilic ---> ªÍº¹éíÒ (ÁÕ¢ÑéÇ)

• Hydrophobic ---> äÁ‹ªÍº¹éíÒ (äÁ‹ÁÕ¢ÑéÇ)

¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤Ñޢͧ¹éíÒ • ʋǹ»ÃСͺ¢Í§à«ÅÅ�

• ¡ÒÃÅíÒàÅÕ§ÊÒÃ

• µÑÇ¡Åҧ㹡Ò÷íÒ» Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ

• ª‹Ç¤Ǻ¤ØÁÍسËÀÙÁÔ

• ¡ÒâѺ¶‹ÒÂáÅСíҨѴ¢Í§àÊÕÂ

Mineral • á˸ҵØËÃ×Íà¡Å×ÍáË໚¹ÊÒÃÍÒËÒÃÍÕ¡»ÃÐàÀ·Ë¹Ö觷ÕèËҧ¡ÒÂ

µŒÍ§¡ÒÃáÅТҴäÁ‹ä Œ à¾ÃÒÐá˸ҵغҧª¹Ô´à»š¹Ê‹Ç¹»ÃСͺ¢Í§ÍÇÑÂÇÐáÅСŌÒÁà¹×éͺҧÍ‹ҧ ઋ¹ ¡ÃÐ Ù¡ ¿˜¹ àÅ×Í´ ºÒ§ª¹Ô´à»š¹Ê‹Ç¹¢Í§ÊÒõ‹Ò§ æ ·Õèà¡ÕèÂǡѺ¡ÒÃà¨ÃÔÞàµÔºâµã¹Ã‹Ò§¡Ò ઋ¹ÎÍÃ�âÁ¹ àÎâÁâ¡ÅºÔ¹ à͹ä«Á� ໚¹µŒ¹

• ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õéá˸ҵØÂѧª‹ÇÂ㹡ÒäǺ¤ØÁ¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹¢Í§ÍÇÑÂÇе‹Ò§ æ¢Í§Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂãËŒ·íÒ˹ŒÒ·Õ軡µÔ ઋ¹ ¤Çº¤ØÁ¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹¢Í§¡ÅŒÒÁà¹×éÍáÅÐÃкº»ÃÐÊÒ· ¡ÒÃá¢ç§µÑǢͧàÅ×Í´ áÅЪ‹Ç¤Ǻ¤ØÁÊÁ ØŢͧ¹éíÒ㹡ÒÃäËÅàÇÕ¹¢Í§¢Í§àËÅÇã¹Ã‹Ò§¡Ò ໚¹µŒ¹

á¤Åà«ÕÂÁ (calcium)

• áËÅ‹§·Õ辺– à¹×éÍ

–¹Á

–䢋

–»ÅÒ¡Ô¹ä Œ·Ñ駡ÃÐ Ù¡

–¡ØŒ§½ÍÂ

–¼Ñ¡ÊÕà¢ÕÂÇࢌÁ

á¤Åà«ÕÂÁ (calcium)

• »ÃÐ⪹�

– ໚¹Ê‹Ç¹»ÃСͺ·ÕèÊíÒ¤Ñޢͧ¡ÃÐ Ù¡áÅп˜¹

–¤Çº¤ØÁ¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹¢Í§ËÑÇ㨠¡ÅŒÒÁà¹×éÍáÅÐÃкº»ÃÐÊÒ·

– ໚¹¸ÒµØ·ÕèÊíÒ¤ÑÞª‹ÇÂ㹡ÒÃá¢ç§µÑǢͧàÅ×Í´

á¤Åà«ÕÂÁ (calcium)

• ÍѹµÃÒ¨ҡ¡ÒâҴ

–âä¡ÃР١͋͹áÅп˜¹¼Ø

– àÅ×Í´ÍÍ¡§‹ÒÂáÅÐá¢ç§µÑǪŒÒ

¿ÍÊ¿ÍÃÑÊ (phosphorus)

• áËÅ‹§·Õ辺

– à¹×éÍ ¹Á 䢋

– à¹Â

–»ÅÒ¡Ô¹ä Œ·Ñ駡ÃÐ Ù¡

–¡ØŒ§½ÍÂ

–¼Ñ¡µ‹Ò§ æ

¿ÍÊ¿ÍÃÑÊ (phosphorus)

• »ÃÐ⪹�

– ໚¹Ê‹Ç¹»ÃСͺ·ÕèÊíÒ¤Ñޢͧ¡ÃÐ Ù¡áÅп˜¹

–ª‹ÇÂÊÌҧà͹ä«Á�·ÕèÁÕâ»ÃµÕ¹áÅФÒÃ�âºäÎà´Ãµ

–ª‹ÇÂÊÌҧà«ÅÅ�ÊÁͧáÅлÃÐÊÒ·

¿ÍÊ¿ÍÃÑÊ (phosphorus)

• ÍѹµÃÒ¨ҡ¡ÒâҴ

–âä¡ÃР١͋͹áÅп˜¹¼Ø

–¡ÒÃà¨ÃÔÞàµÔºâµªŒÒ

â¾á·Êà«ÕÂÁ (potassium)

• áËÅ‹§·Õ辺

– à¹×éÍÊѵÇ�

–¹Á 䢋

–§Ò ¢ŒÒÇ

– àËç´

–¼Ñ¡ÊÕà¢ÕÂÇáÅмÅäÁŒºÒ§ª¹Ô´

â¾á·Êà«ÕÂÁ (potassium)

• »ÃÐ⪹�

–¤Çº¤ØÁ¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹¢Í§¡ÅŒÒÁà¹×éÍ â´Â੾ÒСŌÒÁà¹×éÍËÑÇã¨

–¤Çº¤ØÁ¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹¢Í§Ãкº»ÃÐÊÒ·

–ÃÑ¡ÉÒ»ÃÔÁÒ³¹éíÒã¹à«ÅÅ�ãËŒ¤§·Õè

â¾á·Êà«ÕÂÁ (potassium)

• ÍѹµÃÒ¨ҡ¡ÒâҴ

–·íÒãËŒ¡ÅŒÒÁà¹×éÍ͋͹à¾ÅÕÂáÅÐËÑÇã¨ÇÒÂ

¡íÒÁжѹ (sulfur)

• áËÅ‹§·Õ辺

– à¹×éÍÊѵÇ�

–¹Á

–䢋

¡íÒÁжѹ (sulfur)

• »ÃÐ⪹�

–ÊÌҧâ»ÃµÕ¹ã¹Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂ

–ÊÌҧ¡ÅŒÒÁà¹×éÍʋǹµ‹Ò§ æ

¡íÒÁжѹ (sulfur)

• ÍѹµÃÒ¨ҡ¡ÒâҴ

– àÅçºà»ÃÒЧ‹Ò áÅмÁËǧ§‹ÒÂ

–âä¼ÔÇ˹ѧÍÑ¡àʺ

â«à´ÕÂÁ (sodium)

• áËÅ‹§·Õ辺

– à¡Å×Íᡧ

–ÍÒËÒ÷ÐàÅ

–ÍÒËÒÃËÁÑ¡´Í§

–䢋 ¹Á à¹Âá¢ç§

–¼Ñ¡ÊÕà¢ÕÂÇ

â«à´ÕÂÁ (sodium)

• »ÃÐ⪹�

–¤Çº¤ØÁ¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹¢Í§¡ÅŒÒÁà¹×éÍáÅÐÃкº»ÃÐÊÒ·

–ÃÑ¡ÉÒ»ÃÔÁÒ³¹éíÒã¹à«ÅÅ�ãËŒ¤§·Õè

–ÃÑ¡ÉÒ¤ÇÒÁ໚¹¡Ã´- ‹Ò§¢Í§Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂãËŒÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÊÀÒ¾ÊÁ ØÅ

â«à´ÕÂÁ (sodium)

• ÍѹµÃÒ¨ҡ¡ÒâҴ

–âä»ÃÐÊÒ·àÊ×èÍÁ

–¡ÅŒÒÁà¹×éÍ͋͹à¾ÅÕÂ

àËÅç¡ (iron)

• áËÅ‹§·Õ辺

– à¹×éÍÊѵÇ�

–µÑº

– à¤Ã×èͧã¹ÊѵÇ�

–䢋ᴧ

–¼Ñ¡ÊÕà¢ÕÂÇ

àËÅç¡ (iron)

• »ÃÐ⪹�

– ໚¹Ê‹Ç¹»ÃСͺ¢Í§àÎâÁâ¡ÅºÔ¹ã¹àÁç´àÅ×Í´á´§

– ໚¹Ê‹Ç¹»ÃСͺ¢Í§à͹ä«Á�·Õè·íÒ˹ŒÒ·Õè㹡ÒÃËÒÂã¨

àËÅç¡ (iron)

• ÍѹµÃÒ¨ҡ¡ÒâҴ

–âäâÅËÔµ¨Ò§

– àÅçºà»ÃÒÐËÑ¡§‹Ò àÊŒ¹¼ÁËÅشËǧ§‹ÒÂ

–͋͹à¾ÅÕ «ÖÁ

áÁ§¡Ò¹ÕÊ (manganese)

• áËÅ‹§·Õ辺

–¡ÃÐ Ù¡

–µÑº

–¸Ñ޾ת

áÁ§¡Ò¹ÕÊ (manganese)

• »ÃÐ⪹�

–¡Ãе،¹¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹¢Í§à͹ä«Á�

áÁ§¡Ò¹ÕÊ (manganese)

• ÍѹµÃÒ¨ҡ¡ÒâҴ

–·íÒãˌ໚¹ÍÑÁ¾Òµä Œ

–ÍÒ¡Òêѡã¹à ç¡

– àÇÕ¹ÈÕÃÉÐáÅÐäÁ‹ÊÒÁÒÃ¶ä ŒÂÔ¹

·Í§á´§ (copper)

• áËÅ‹§·Õ辺

– à¤Ã×èͧã¹ÊѵÇ�

–ä¡‹

–Ë͹ҧÃÁ

–¾×ª¼Ñ¡áÅмÅäÁŒ

·Í§á´§ (copper)

• »ÃÐ⪹�

–ª‹ÇÂ㹡Òà ٴ«ÖÁ¸ÒµØàËÅç¡

–ª‹ÇÂÊÌҧàÎâÁ⡺ÔÅã¹àÁç´àÅ×Í´á´§

– ໚¹Ê‹Ç¹»ÃСͺ¢Í§à͹ä«Á�ºÒ§ª¹Ô´

·Í§á´§ (copper)

• ÍѹµÃÒ¨ҡ¡ÒâҴ

–ÁÑ¡¾ºã¹·Òá·Õè¤ÅÍ´¡‹Í¹¡íÒ˹´ áÅÐÁÕ¹éíÒ˹ѡáá¤ÅÍ´¹ŒÍÂ¡Ç‹Ò 1,500 ¡ÃÑÁ¨Ðà¡Ô´ÀÒÇÐâÅËÔµ¨Ò§ ͋͹à¾ÅÕ ËÒÂ㨼Դ»¡µÔ

äÍâÍ´Õ¹ (iodine)

• áËÅ‹§·Õ辺

–ÍÒËÒ÷ÐàÅ

– à¡Å×ÍÊÁØ·Ã

– à¡Å×Í͹ÒÁÑÂ

äÍâÍ´Õ¹ (iodine)

• »ÃÐ⪹�

– ໚¹Ê‹Ç¹»ÃСͺ¢Í§ÎÍÃ�âÁ¹ä·ÃÍ¡«Ô¹·ÕèÍÂÙ‹ã¹µ‹ÍÁä·ÃÍ �»‡Í§¡Ñ¹âä¤Í¾Í¡

äÍâÍ´Õ¹ (iodine)

• ÍѹµÃÒ¨ҡ¡ÒâҴ

–âä¤Í¾Í¡

–Ëҧ¡ÒÂá¤ÃÐá¡Ãç¹

âä¤Í¾Í¡ (simple goiter)

• ¢Ò´¸ÒµØäÍâÍ Õ¹·Õè㪌ÊÌҧÎÍÃ�âÁ¹ä·ÃÍ¡«Ô¹¢Í§µ‹ÍÁä·ÃÍ � ·íÒãËŒµ‹ÍÁ¹Õé·íҧҹ˹ѡ µ‹ÍÁ¨Ö§ÁÕ¢¹Ò´âµ¢Öé¹

• »˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ÁÕ¡ÒÃóç¤�ãËŒ»ÃЪҪ¹ºÃÔâÀ¤ÍÒËÒ÷ÕèàµÔÁäÍâÍ Õ¹à¾×èÍ»‡Í§¡Ñ¹âä¤Í¾Í¡ ઋ¹ ¹éíÒ»ÅÒäÍâÍ Õ¹ 䢋à¤çÁäÍâÍ Õ¹ à¡Å×ÍäÍâÍ Õ¹à»š¹µŒ¹

¿ÅÙÍÍäô� (fluoride)

• áËÅ‹§·Õ辺

–¹éíÒ ×èÁ¨Ò¡º‹Í¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔºÒ§áË‹§

–ÍÒËÒ÷ÐàÅ

¿ÅÙÍÍäô� (fluoride)

• »ÃÐ⪹�

–ª‹ÇÂ㹡Òà ٴ«ÖÁ¸ÒµØàËÅç¡

– ໚¹Ê‹Ç¹»ÃСͺ¢Í§ÊÒÃà¤Å×ͺ¿˜¹ ·íÒãËŒ¿˜¹á¢ç§áç »‡Í§¡Ñ¹¿˜¹¼Ø

¿ÅÙÍÍäô� (fluoride)

• ÍѹµÃÒ¨ҡ¡ÒâҴ

–¿˜¹¼Ø§‹ÒÂ

áÁ¡¹Õà«ÕÂÁ (magnesium)

• áËÅ‹§·Õ辺

–ÃíÒ¢ŒÒÇ

–¾×ªÊÕà¢ÕÂÇ

–¶ÑèÇ ¹Á §Ò

–ÍÒËÒ÷ÐàÅ

áÁ¡¹Õà«ÕÂÁ (magnesium)

• »ÃÐ⪹�

–¤Çº¤ØÁ¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹¢Í§¡ÅŒÒÁà¹×éÍáÅÐÃкº»ÃÐÊÒ·

–¤Çº¤ØÁ¡ÒÃÊÌҧâ»ÃµÕ¹

áÁ¡¹Õà«ÕÂÁ (magnesium)

• ÍѹµÃÒ¨ҡ¡ÒâҴ

– ໚¹Ê‹Ç¹»ÃСͺ¢Í§¡ÃÐ Ù¡ áÅÐàÅ×Í´

– à¡Ô´ÍÒ¡ÒüԴ»¡µÔ·Ò§Ãкº»ÃÐÊÒ·áÅСŌÒÁà¹×éÍ ÍÒ¨à¡Ô´ÍÒ¡Òêѡ

Mineral • ¡ÒùíÒá˸ҵØä»ãªŒã¹¾×ª

–â«à ÕÂÁäÍÍ͹ (Na+)

–â¾á·Êà«ÕÂÁäÍÍ͹ (K+)

–á¤Åà«ÕÂÁäÍÍ͹ (Ca2+)

–ä¹àµÃ´äÍÍ͹ (NO3- )

• ¾×ª¨Ð¹íÒࢌÒÊÙ‹ÃÒ¡ä Œ â´ÂäÍÍ͹àËÅ‹Ò¹Õé·ÕèÅÐÅÒÂÍÂÙ‹ã¹¹éíÒ

¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤Ñޢͧá˸ҵØ

• ÃÑ¡ÉÒÊÁ ØŢͧ¡Ã´-àºÊ

• ໚¹µÑÇà˧»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ

• ʋǹ»ÃСͺ¢Í§Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂ

• ¤Çº¤ØÁÊÁ ØŢͧ¹éíÒ

• ¤Çº¤ØÁ¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹¢Í§à«ÅÅ�¡ÅŒÒÁà¹×éÍáÅÐà«ÅÅ�»ÃÐÊÒ·

ÊÒÃÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂ� Organics

Biological molecule

• à¡Ô´¨Ò¡ C ÃÇÁ¡Ñº H ¡ÅÒÂ໚¹ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃ�ºÍ¹

• functional group ËÁÒ¶֧ ÍеÍÁËÃ×Í¡ÅØ‹Á¢Í§ÍеÍÁ «Öè§ÁÕ¡ÒÃáÊ´§ÍÍ¡·Õè¨íÒà¾Òе‹ÍâÁàÅ¡ØŢͧÊÒ÷Õè·íÒ»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ

¤ÒÃ�âºäÎà´Ãµ(Carbohydrate)

• ÍѵÃÒʋǹ H : O = 2 : 1

• ÊÙµÃâÁàÅ¡ØÅ·ÑèÇä»à»š¹ (CH2O)n â´Â·Õè n ÁÕ¤‹ÒµÑé§áµ‹ 3 ¢Öé¹ä»

ËÃ×Í Cx(H2O)y â´Â·Õè x ÁÕ¤‹ÒµÑé§áµ‹ 3 ¢Öé¹ä»

• ẋ§Í͡໚¹ 3 ¡ÅØ‹Á

monosaccharide

oligosaccharide

polysaccharide

¡ÒÃÍ‹Ò¹ª×èÍÁÍâ¹á«ç¡¤Òäô�

¨íҹǹÍеÍÁ¤ÒÃ�ºÍ¹ ª×èÍÁÍâ¹á«ç¡¤Òäô�

3 triose

4 tetrose

5 pentose-ribose

6 hexose

7 heptose

α-D-Glucose β-D-Galactose β-D-Fructose

áËÅ‹§·Õ辺

• Glucose ---> ¾ºã¹¢ŒÒÇ ¢ŒÒÇâ¾´ ¼ÅäÁŒ ¹éíÒ¼Öé§ áÅмѡ

• Galactose----> ¾ºã¹¹éíÒ¹ÁáÅмÅÔµÀѳ±�¨Ò¡¹Áᵋ¾ºã¹ÃÙ»¢Í§ lactose áÅж١‹ÍÂÊÅÒÂâ´Âà͹ä«Á� lactase ä Œà»š¹galactose

• Fructose ---> ¾ºã¹¹éíÒàª×èÍÁ ¢ŒÒÇâ¾´ ¼ÅäÁŒ ¹éíÒ¼Öé§ ¼Ñ¡µ‹Ò§ æáÅÐã¹¹éíÒàÅÕé§ÍÊØ¨Ô ¨Ñ´à»š¹¹éíÒµÒÅ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÇÒ¹ÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´

Oligosaccharide

• à¡Ô´¨Ò¡ monosaccharide µÑé§áµ‹ 2-10 âÁàÅ¡ØŨѺµÑǡѹŒÇ glycosidic bond â´Â Oligosaccharide ·Õè

»ÃСͺ ŒÇ monosaccharide 2 âÁàÅ¡ØÅ àÃÕ¡NjÒdisaccharide

• Sucrose ໚¹¹éíÒµÒÅ·Õè㪌»ÃСͺÍÒËÒà ¾ºä Œ·ÑèÇä»ã¹¼ÅäÁŒ¾×ªµ‹Ò§ æ ઋ¹ ¹éíÒµÒÅ·Õèä Œ¨Ò¡ÍŒÍ ÁоÌÒÇáÅеÒÅ

• Maltose ¾ºã¹¢ŒÒÇÁÍŵ� áÅÐà¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡ÒËÍÂệ§ «Öè§à»š¹Çѵ¶Ø Ժ㹡ÒûÃСͺÍÒËÒà áÅТ¹ÁËÇÒ¹

• Lactose ໚¹¹éíÒµÒÅã¹¹éíÒ¹Á«Öè§à»š¹áËÅ‹§ÍÒËÒÃÊíÒ¤ÑޢͧÊѵÇ�àÅÕé§ÅÙ¡ ŒÇ¹Á ã¹¹éíÒ¹Á¢Í§ÁÒôÒÁÕ lactose ¶Ö§ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 70äÁ‹¾ºã¹¾×ª

Polysaccharide

• à¡Ô´¨Ò¡ monosacharide µÑé§áµ‹ 11 ¨¹¶Ö§ 1,000 âÁàÅ¡Øŵ‹Í¡Ñ¹à»š¹ polysaccharide ᵡµ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹·Õ誹ԴáÅШíҹǹ¢Í§ monosacharide ·Õè໚¹Í§¤�»ÃСͺ ºÒ§ª¹Ô´à»š¹ÊÒÂâ«‹ÂÒǵç ºÒ§ª¹Ô´ÁÕ¡Ô觡ŒÒ¹á¡ÍÍ¡ä»

• µÑÇÍ‹ҧ¢Í§ polysaccharide ·Õè»ÃСͺ ŒÇ glucoseÁÒµ‹Í¡Ñ¹ ઋ¹ cellulose ໚¹ÊÒÃÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂ�·ÕèÁÕÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´ã¹âÅ¡·íÒ˹ŒÒ·Õè໚¹â¤Ã§ÊÌҧËÅÑ¡¢Í§¼¹Ñ§à«ÅÅ�¾×ª

α-1,6 glycosidic linkage

α-1,4 glycosidic linkage

˹ŒÒ·Õè¢Í§¤ÒÃ�âºäÎà´Ãµ • ¾Åѧ§Ò¹ÊÐÊÁ ¾×ªà¡çº¾Åѧ§Ò¹¨Ò¡áʧÍÒ·ÔµÂ�ã¹ÃÙ»¢Í§

monosacharide áÅÐ starch

• ÊѵÇ�à¡çº¾Åѧ§Ò¹·ÕèàËÅ×ͨҡ¡ÒÃà¼Ò¼ÅÒÞ¹éíÒµÒÅã¹ÃÙ»¢Í§glycogen

• ໚¹â¤Ã§ÊÌҧ¢Í§ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔµ (cellulose, chitin, cell wall)

• ໚¹Í§¤�»ÃСͺ¢Í§ nucleic acid, ribose ¢Í§ RNAáÅÐ deoxyribose ¢Í§ DNA

• ÃÇÁ¡Ñº protein ËÃ×Í lipid ໚¹ glycoprotein ËÃ×Íglycolipid «Öè§à»š¹Ê‹Ç¹»ÃСͺ¢Í§ cell membrane

N Cα C

O

O

H

H

H

H

R Amino Group Carboxylic Acid Group

Hydrogen

Side Chain

• Peptide »ÃСͺ ŒÇ amino acid µ‹Í¡Ñ¹à»š¹ÊÒ àÃÕ¡µÒÁ¨íҹǹ amino acid ·ÕèÁÒµ‹Í¡Ñ¹ ŒÇ covalence bond

• dipeptide »ÃСͺ ŒÇ amino acid 2 ˹‹ÇÂ

• tripeptide »ÃСͺ ŒÇ amino acid 3 ˹‹ÇÂ

• amino acid ¨íҹǹÁÒ¡àÃÕÂ¡Ç‹Ò polypeptide

dipeptide bond

Hydrolysis Dehydration Reaction Reaction

H2O

• Amino acid ·ÕèËҧ¡ÒµŒÍ§¡ÒÃáÅÐÊѧà¤ÃÒÐË�¢Öé¹àͧäÁ‹ä ŒµŒÍ§ä ŒÃѺ¨Ò¡ÍÒËÒà àÃÕÂ¡Ç‹Ò essential amino acid ʋǹamino acid ·ÕèËҧ¡ÒÂÊÒÁÒöÊѧà¤ÃÒÐË�ä Œàͧ àÃÕ¡NjÒnonessential amino acid ᵋ¶Ö§Í‹ҧäÃËҧ¡Ò¢ͧ¤¹àÃҡ経ͧ¡Òà amino acid ·Ñé§Êͧª¹Ô´

Essential Conditionally Nonessential Nonessential

Histidine Arginine Alanine

Isoleucine Cysteine Aspartate Leucine Glutamine Glutamate Lysine Glycine Selenocysteine

Methionine Proline

Pyrrolysine Phenylalanine Serine Threonine Tyrosine Tryptophan Asparagine

Valine

Ornithine

• ¤×Í ÊÒûÃСͺ·ÕèÅÐÅÒÂä Œ¹ŒÍÂã¹¹éíÒ áµ‹ÅÐÅÒÂä Œ Õã¹µÑÇ·íÒÅÐÅÒÂã¹ÊÒÃÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂ� ઋ¹ ether, benzene,chloroform, ethanol ໚¹µŒ¹

• »ÃСͺ ŒÇ C, H, O ᵋÁÕÍѵÃÒʋǹ¨íҹǹ H : OäÁ‹à·‹Ò¡Ñº 2:1 àËÁ×͹ carbohydrate

• ẋ§Í͡໚¹ fat, oil, phospholipid, wax, steroid

Lipid

• ãËŒ¾Åѧ§Ò¹ 9kcal/g ᵋ carbohydrate áÅÐ proteinãËŒ¾Åѧ§Ò¹ 4 kcal/g àÁ×èÍÁÕ¹éíÒ˹ѡ෋ҡѹ

• »‡Í§¡Ñ¹¡ÒÃÊÙÞàÊÕ¹éíÒ à»š¹©¹Ç¹ª‹Ç¤Ǻ¤ØÁÍسËÀÙÁԢͧËҧ¡Ò áÅл‡Í§¡Ñ¹¡ÒáÃзº¡ÃÐá·¡¢Í§ÍÇÑÂÇÐÀÒÂã¹

• ẋ§µÒÁâ¤Ã§ÊÃŒÒ§ä Œà»š¹ 3 ª¹Ô´ ¤×Í

–simple lipid

–complex lipid

–derived lipid

• simple lipid »ÃСͺ ŒÇ fatty acid áÅÐ alcoholä Œá¡‹ fat oil wax

• Fat ÁÕʶҹÐ໚¹¢Í§á¢ç§·ÕèÍسËÀÙÁÔˌͧ ʋǹ oil ໚¹¢Í§àËÅÇ·ÕèÍسËÀÙÁÔˌͧ ÊíÒËÃѺ wax ໚¹ÊÒ÷Õè»ÃСͺ ŒÇ fatty acid âÁàÅ¡ØÅãËÞ‹¡Ñº alcohol ÁÑ¡äÁ‹ÅÐÅÒ¹éíÒ ¾ºµÒÁ¼ÔÇ˹ѧ ãºäÁŒáÅмÅäÁŒºÒ§ª¹Ô´

• âÁàÅ¡ØŢͧ fat áÅÐ oil »ÃСͺ ŒÇ alcohol ·ÕèàÃÕÂ¡Ç‹Ò glycerol and fatty acid

• ÊÒûÃСͺ alcohol ÁÕÊٵ÷ÑèÇä» R-OH

• ÊÙµÃâÁàÅ¡ØŢͧ glycerol ໚¹ C3H5(OH)3 ѧ¹Ñé¹ glycerol¨Ö§à»š¹ÊÒûÃÐàÀ· alcohol

• ¨íҹǹ fatty acid ã¹âÁàÅ¡ØŢͧ fat áÅÐ oil

–˹Öè§âÁàÅ¡ØÅ àÃÕÂ¡Ç‹Ò monoglyceride

–ÊͧâÁàÅ¡ØÅàÃÕÂ¡Ç‹Ò diglyceride

–ÊÒÁâÁàÅ¡ØÅàÃÕÂ¡Ç‹Ò triglyceride «Öè§à»š¹ lipid ·Õ辺ÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´ã¹ÊѵÇ�áÅоת

• glycerol ¡Ñº fatty acid 1 âÁàÅ¡ØÅ ä Œ H2O 1 âÁàÅ¡ØÅ

• ¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ triglyceride ¨Ðä Œ H2O 3 âÁàÅ¡ØÅ

• Fatty acid ẋ§Í͡໚¹ 2 ª¹Ô´ ¤×Í

– saturated fatty acid

– unsaturated fatty acid

• saturated fatty acid ÁÕ¤ÒÃ�ºÍ¹·Ø¡ÍеÍÁµ‹Í¡Ñ¹ÍÂÙ‹´ŒÇ single bond

• unsaturated fatty acid ÁÕºÒ§¾Ñ¹¸ÐÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ÍеÍÁ¢Í§¤ÒÃ�ºÍ¹à»š¹ double bond

Vit.C, E, A บเอชเอ (BHA : Butylate hydoxyanisole) หรอบเอชท ((BHT : Butylate hydoxytoluene)

• ËÒ¡ÃѺ»ÃзҹÍÒËÒ÷Õè»ÃСͺ ŒÇ oil ËÃ×Í saturatedfatty acid ÁÒ¡à¡Ô¹ä» ÁռŷíÒãËŒà¡Ô´ä¢ÁѹÍØ´µÑ¹ã¹ËÅÍ´àÅ×Í´ áÅÐâäËÑÇ㨢ҴàÅ×Í´

• saturated fatty acid ä Œ Ò¡ä¢ÁѹÊѵÇ� ઋ¹ à¹Â ¹éíÒÁѹ¨Ò¡ÊѵÇ� áÅйéíÒÁѹ¾×ªºÒ§ª¹Ô´ ઋ¹ ¹éíÒÁѹÁоÌÒÇ ¹éíÒÁѹ»ÒÅ�Á໚¹µŒ¹

• unsaturated fatty acid ä Œ Ò¡¹éíÒÁѹ¾×ªÊ‹Ç¹ãËÞ‹ ઋ¹ ¹éíÒÁѹ¢ŒÒÇâ¾´ ¹éíÒÁѹ¶ÑèÇàËÅ×ͧ ¹éíÒÁѹ¨Ò¡àÁÅç´·Ò¹µÐÇѹ ໚¹µŒ¹

• Essential fatty acids ; alpha-linolenic acid(an omega-3 fatty acid) and linoleic acid(an omega-6 fatty acid), arachidonic acid

• conditionally essential ; gamma-linolenic acid(an omega-6 fatty acid), lauric acid(a saturated fatty acid), and palmitoleic acid(a monounsaturated fatty acid)

• Non-Essential fatty ; butyric acid

• complex lipid »ÃСͺ ŒÇ fatty acid áÅÐ alcohol·ÕèÁÕÊÒûÃСͺÍ×è¹à¨×Í»¹ ઋ¹ phospholipid & glycolipid

• phospholipid ໚¹ä¢Áѹ·ÕèÁÕâ¤Ã§ÊÌҧ·Ò§à¤ÁդŌÒ¡Ѻtriglyceride ᵡµ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹·ÕèËÁÙ‹¢Í§ fatty acid 1 ËÁÙ‹¨ÐÁÕËÁÙ‹phosphate ໚¹Í§¤�»ÃСͺ

• phospholipid ໚¹Í§¤�»ÃСͺËÅÑ¡¢Í§ cell membrane

• glycolipid ໚¹ lipid ·ÕèÁÕ carbohydrate ໚¹Í§¤�»ÃСͺ¾ºÁÒ¡ã¹ àÂ×èÍËØŒÁà«ÅÅ� áÅÐà¹×éÍàÂ×èÍ»ÃÐÊÒ·ÊÁͧ

• derived lipid ໚¹ÊÒûÃСͺ·ÕèÁÕâ¤Ã§ÊÌҧᵡµ‹Ò§¨Ò¡lipid ·ÑèÇä» ã¹·Õè¹Õé Ѵ໚¹ lipid ª¹Ô´Ë¹Öè§ à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡ÁÕÊÁºÑµÔ·Ò§ physics ¤ÅŒÒ lipid Í×è¹ àª‹¹ ÅÐÅÒÂä Œã¹ÊÒÃÅÐÅÒÂÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂ� µÑÇÍ‹ҧ derived lipid ·ÕèÊíÒ¤ÑÞ àª‹¹

• Steroid ÁÕâ¤Ã§ÊÌҧ·ÑèÇä»à»š¹Ç§áËǹ 4 ǧ »ÃСͺ ŒÇ¨íҹǹÍеÍÁ¢Í§¤ÒÃ�ºÍ¹ 17 ÍеÍÁ áÅÐ ËÁÙ‹ R «Ö觨Ðᵡµ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹µÒÁᵋª¹Ô´¢Í§ steroid

• steroid ·Õ辺·ÑèÇ令×Í cholesterol ໚¹Í§¤�»ÃСͺ¢Í§cell membrane steroid ºÒ§ª¹Ô´à»š¹ sex hormoneઋ¹ progesterone, testosterone

Nucleic acid

• ¨Ñ´à»š¹ biomolecule ·ÕèÁÕ¢¹Ò´ãËÞ‹·íÒ˹ŒÒ·Õèà¡çºáÅж‹Ò·ʹ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·Ò§¾Ñ¹¸Ø¡ÃÃÁ¢Í§ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔµ ¨Ò¡ÃØ‹¹Ë¹Öè§ä»ÂѧÃØ‹¹µ‹Íä»ãËŒáÊ´§Åѡɳе‹Ò§ æ ¢Í§ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔµ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹ÕéÂѧ·íÒ˹ŒÒ·Õè¤Çº¤ØÁ¡ÒÃà¨ÃÔÞàµÔºâµáÅСÃкǹ¡Òõ‹Ò§ æ ¢Í§ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔµ ẋ§Í͡໚¹

–DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

–RNA (ribonucleic acid)

• âÁàÅ¡ØŢͧ nucleic acid »ÃСͺ ŒÇÂ˹‹Ç‹ͷÕèàÃÕ¡NjÒnucleotide ѧÀÒ¾ âÁàÅ¡ØŢͧ nucleotide »ÃСͺ ŒÇÂʋǹ‹Í 3 ʋǹ ä Œá¡‹ phosphate group, pentose,nitrogenous base ໚¹Í§¤�»ÃСͺ

• nucleotide ÁÕÍÂÙ‹ ŒÇ¡ѹËÅÒª¹Ô´ ᵡµ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹µÒÁʋǹ»ÃСͺ·Õè໚¹ base, sugar

ATCG

Nucleoside

Nucleotide

• ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õé nucleotide Âѧ໚¹ÊÒÃãËŒ¾Åѧ§Ò¹ ઋ¹ ATP(adenosine triphosphate) â´Â nucleotide ¨ÐàÃÕ§µÑÇÍ‹ҧµ‹Í¡Ñ¹à»š¹ÊÒÂÂÒÇ àÃÕÂ¡Ç‹Ò polynucleotide

• âÁàÅ¡ØÅ DNA »ÃСͺ ŒÇ polynucleotide 2 ÊÒ àÃÕ§µÑÇÊÅѺ·ÔÈ·Ò§¡Ñ¹áÅÐÁÕʋǹ¢Í§ base àª×èÍÁµ‹Í¡Ñ¹ ŒÇÂhydrogen bond ѧÀÒ¾âÁàÅ¡ØźԴ໚¹à¡ÅÕÂǤŌÒºѹä´àÇÕ¹ʋǹ RNA ໚¹ polynucleotide à¾Õ§ÊÒÂà ÕÂÇ

• DNA áÅÐ RNA ÁÕ sugar ·Õè໚¹Í§¤�»ÃСͺµ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹ ã¹DNA ໚¹Ê‹Ç¹ deoxyribose sugar ʋǹ㹠RNA ໚¹Ê‹Ç¹ribose sugar â´Â base ·Õ辺㹠DNA áÅÐ RNA ÁÕºÒ§ª¹Ô´·ÕèàËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹ áÅкҧª¹Ô´µ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹

ÇÔµÒÁÔ¹ (Vitamin)

• ÁÒ¨Ò¡¤íÒÇ‹Ò Vita «Öè§ËÁÒ¶֧ ªÕÇÔµ ¡Ñº¤íÒÇ‹Ò Amin «Öè§ËÁÒ¶֧ ÊÒûÃСͺà¤ÁÕËÃ×ÍÊÒÃÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂ� ѧ¹Ñé¹ Vitamin¨Ö§ËÁÒ¶֧ ÊÒÃÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂ�·ÕèÊíÒ¤ÑÞµ‹ÍªÕÇÔµ

• ÇÔµÒÁԹ໚¹ÊÒÃÍÒËÒ÷ÕèËҧ¡ÒµŒÍ§¡ÒÃã¹»ÃÔÁÒ³¹ŒÍ ᵋäÁ‹ÊÒÁÒö¢Ò´ä Œ ¶ŒÒ¢Ò´¨Ð·íÒãËŒÃкºµ‹Ò§ æ ¢Í§Ã‹Ò§¡Ò¼Դ»¡µÔ ËÃ×Íà¡Ô´â䵋ҧ æ ä Œ

»ÃÐàÀ·¢Í§ÇÔµÒÁÔ¹

• 1. Fat Soluble Vitamins ä Œá¡‹ A D E K

• 2. Water Soluble Vitamins ä Œá¡‹ C B

ÇÔµÒÁÔ¹àÍ (retinol)

• áËÅ‹§·Õ辺

–¼Ñ¡áÅмÅäÁŒ·ÕèÁÕÊÕàËÅ×ͧ ÊŒÁ á´§ áÅÐà¢ÕÂÇࢌÁ

–µÑº

– à¹Â

–䢋ᴧ

–¹ÁÊ´

–Ë͹ҧÃÁ

ÇÔµÒÁÔ¹àÍ (retinol)

• »ÃÐ⪹�

–ª‹ÇºíÒÃاÊÒÂµÒ áÅÐá¡ŒâäµÒÁÑǵ͹¡ÅÒ§¤×¹

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–ª‹ÇÂÊÌҧ¤ÇÒÁµŒÒ¹·Ò¹ãËŒÃкºËÒÂã¨

–ª‹ÇÂÅ´¡ÒÃÍÑ¡àʺ¢Í§ÊÔÇáÅЪ‹ÇÂź¨Ø´ ‹Ò§ íÒ

ÇÔµÒÁÔ¹àÍ (retinol)

• ÍѹµÃÒ¨ҡ¡ÒâҴ

–·íÒãËŒÁͧàËç¹ä ŒÂÒ¡ã¹àÇÅÒ¡ÅÒ§¤×¹ (âäµÒºÍ´µÍ¹¡ÅÒ§¤×¹)

–·íÒãËŒ¼ÔǾÃó¢Ò´¤ÇÒÁªØ‹Áª×é¹

–ÀÙÁԤ،Á¡Ñ¹µèíÒ

ÇÔµÒÁÔ¹àÍ (retinol)

• ÍѹµÃÒ¨ҡ¡ÒÃä ŒÃѺÁÒ¡à¡Ô¹ä»

–á·Œ§ÅÙ¡ËÃ×;ԡÒà «Öè§ÍÒ¨·íÒãËŒà ç¡ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡µÔ·Õè·Ò§à Ô¹»˜ÊÊÒÇÐ ¡ÃÐ Ù¡¼Ô´ÃÙ» ËÃ×ÍÁÕµÔ觻ٴÍÍ¡ÁÒ·ÕèºÃÔàdzËÙ

–͋͹à¾ÅÕ ËҡËҧ¡ÒÂä ŒÃѺÇÔµÒÁÔ¹àÍà¡Ô¹¤ÃÑé§ÅÐ 15,000 µg¨ÐÁռŷíÒãËŒÃÙŒÊ֡͋͹à¾ÅÕÂáÅÐÍÒà¨ÕÂ¹ä Œ

ÇÔµÒÁÔ¹àÍ (retinol)

• ÍѹµÃÒ¨ҡ¡ÒÃä ŒÃѺÁÒ¡à¡Ô¹ä»

– à¨çº¡ÃÐ Ù¡áÅТŒÍµ‹Í àº×èÍÍÒËÒà à«×èͧ«ÖÁ ¹Í¹äÁ‹ËÅѺ¡ÃÐǹ¡ÃÐÇÒ ¼ÁËǧ »Ç´ÈÕÃÉÐ ·ŒÍ§¼Ù¡

–ã¹ÊѵÇ�¡ÃÐà¾ÒÐà ÕèÂÇàÁ×èÍä ŒÃѺà¡Ô¹¤ÇÒÁµŒÍ§¡Òà 4-10à·‹Ò ¨Ð·íÒãËŒâ¤Ã§¡ÃÐ Ù¡¼Ô´»¡µÔ ã¹ÊѵÇ�à¤ÕéÂÇàÍ×éͧàÁ×èÍä ŒÃѺà¡Ô¹ 30 à·‹Ò ¨Ðà¡Ô´ÍÒ¡ÒüԴ»¡µÔ

ÇÔµÒÁÔ¹´Õ (calciferol)

• áËÅ‹§·Õ辺

–䢋

–»ÅÒ

–áʧᴴ

–¹éíÒÁѹµÑº»ÅÒ

–¹Á à¹Â

ÇÔµÒÁÔ¹´Õ (calciferol)

• »ÃÐ⪹�

–ª‹Ç ٴ«ÖÁá¤Åà«ÕÂÁ

–¤Çº¤ØÁ»ÃÔÁÒ³á¤Åà«ÕÂÁã¹Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂ

–ª‹ÇÂ㹡ÒÃÊÌҧ¡ÃÐ Ù¡áÅп˜¹

ÇÔµÒÁÔ¹´Õ (calciferol)

• ÍѹµÃÒ¨ҡ¡ÒâҴ

–»Ç´¢ŒÍáÅСÃÐ Ù¡

–»Ç´àÁ×èÍÂ

–¡ÃÐ Ù¡ËÑ¡§‹ÒÂ

ÇÔµÒÁÔ¹ÍÕ (tocopherol)

• áËÅ‹§·Õ辺

–¹éíÒÁѹ¨Ò¡¸Ñ޾תáÅжÑèÇ»ÃÐàÀ·à»Å×Í¡á¢ç§

ÇÔµÒÁÔ¹ÍÕ (tocopherol)

• »ÃÐ⪹�

– ໚¹µÑÇ antioxidant ¤×Í ·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´¡ÒÃà¼Ò¼ÅÒÞâ´ÂÁÕÍÍ¡«Ôਹ໚¹µÑÇ¡ÒÃÊíÒ¤ÑÞ·íÒãˌËҧ¡ÒÂà¼Ò¼ÅÒÞä Œ Õ

– ໚¹µÑǪ‹ÇÂ䢡ÃР١㹡ÒÃÊÌҧàÅ×Í´ ª‹Ç¢ÂÒÂàÊŒ¹àÅ×Í´µŒÒ¹¡ÒÃá¢ç§µÑǢͧàÅ×Í´ Å´¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒö㹡ÒèѺµÑÇ໚¹ÅÔèÁàÅ×Í´ áÅÐÅ´ÍѵÃÒàÊÕ觢ͧâä·Õèà¡ÕèÂǡѺËÅÍ´àÅ×Í´ÊÁͧáÅÐËÑÇã¨

ÇÔµÒÁÔ¹ÍÕ (tocopherol)

• »ÃÐ⪹�

–ºíÒÃاµÑº

–ª‹ÇÂã¹ÃкºÊ׺¾Ñ¹¸Ø� à«ÅÅ�»ÃÐÊÒ· áÅСŌÒÁà¹×éÍãËŒ·íÒ§Ò¹ä ŒµÒÁ»¡µÔ

–ª‹ÇÂãËŒ¼ÔǾÃóʴãÊ áÅЪ‹ÇÂÊÁÒ¹á¼Åä¿äËÁŒ¹éíÒÌ͹ÅÇ¡ãËŒËÒÂàÃçÇ¢Öé¹

–ª‹ÇÂãËŒ»Í´·íÒ§Ò¹ Õ¢Öé¹áÅÐäÁ‹Í‹Í¹à¾ÅÕ§‹ÒÂ

ÇÔµÒÁÔ¹ÍÕ (tocopherol)

• ÍѹµÃÒ¨ҡ¡ÒâҴ

–âäËÑÇ㨡íÒàÃÔº ÇÔµÒÁÔ¹ÍÕÁÕ˹ŒÒ·Õè㹡ÒèѺÊÒ÷ÕèࢌÒÁÒ·íÒÅÒÂÀÙÁԤ،Á¡Ñ¹¢Í§Ã‹Ò§¡Ò ¡ÒâҴÇÔµÒÁÔ¹ÍÕ·íÒãËŒÊÒÃàËÅ‹Ò¹ÕéࢌÒä»·íÒ»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂҡѺä¢Áѹã¹àÅ×Í´·íÒãËŒà¹×éÍàÂ×èÍ µ‹Ò§ æ àÊ×èÍÁÊÀÒ¾àÃçÇÂÔ觢Öé¹ ¹íÒä»ÊÙ‹ÀÒÇÐËÅÍ´àÅ×Í´á´§á¢ç§ ¡‹ÍãËŒà¡Ô´¡ŒÍ¹àÅ×Í´áÅзÕèÊØ´·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´âäËÑÇ㨡íÒàÃÔºä Œ

ÇÔµÒÁÔ¹ÍÕ (tocopherol)

• ÍѹµÃÒ¨ҡ¡ÒâҴ

–Ãкº»ÃÐÊÒ·ÁÕ»˜ÞËÒ ã¹¡Ã³Õ¢Í§¤¹·ÕèËҧ¡ÒÂÁÕ»˜ÞËÒ㹡Òà ٴ«ÖÁä¢ÁѹáÅÐã¹à ç¡·Òá·Õè¤ÅÍ´¡‹Í¹¡íÒ˹´¡ÒÃä ŒÃѺÇÔµÒÁÔ¹ÍÕµèíÒ¡Ç‹Ò»ÃÔÁÒ³·Õè¡íÒ˹´ÍÒ¨·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂËÒµ‹ÍÃкº»ÃÐÊÒ·áÅÐ໚¹ anemia ä Œà¹×èͧ¨Ò¡à«ÅÅ�àÁç´àÅ×Í´á´§ã¹Ã‹Ò§¡Ò¶١·íÒÅÒÂ

ÇÔµÒÁԹठ(phytonadione)

• Vitamin K I ËÃ×Í phylloquinone໚¹ÃٻẺ·Õ辺㹾תáÅÐÊѵÇ�

• Vitamin K II ËÃ×Í menaquinone ໚¹ÃٻẺ·Õ辺ã¹à¹×éÍàÂ×è͵Ѻ áÅÐÂѧÊÒÁÒöÊÃŒÒ§ä Œâ´ÂẤ·ÕàÃÕ·ÕèÍÒÈÑÂÍÂÙ‹ã¹Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂ

• Vitamin K III ËÃ×Í menadione ¹Ñé¹ à»š¹âÁàÅ¡ØÅ·ÕèÊѧà¤ÃÒÐË�¢Öé¹ «Ö觨ж١à»ÅÕè¹໚¹ menaquinone â´ÂµÑº

ÇÔµÒÁԹठ(phytonadione)

• áËÅ‹§·Õ辺

–ºÃÍ¡â¤ÅÕ

–¼Ñ¡¡ÐËÅèíÒ

–䢋ᴧ

–¹éíÒÁѹ¶ÑèÇàËÅ×ͧ

–¹éíÒÁѹµÑº»ÅÒ

ÇÔµÒÁԹठ(phytonadione)

• »ÃÐ⪹�

–ª‹ÇÂ㹡ÒÃá¢ç§µÑǢͧàÅ×Í´

– ໚¹Í§¤�»ÃСͺÊíÒ¤Ñޢͧ¡ÃÐ Ù¡

ÇÔµÒÁԹठ(phytonadione)

• ÍѹµÃÒ¨ҡ¡ÒâҴ

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